Scientific coordinator: Prof. Emanuela Casti Research fellow: Paolo Bettera

UNIVERSITY OF BERGAMO

Creation of a multi-level network of European «s-low» cities (universities, municipalities, airports)

Analysis of the territories of the network for the feasibility of a common «s-low» tourism planning

Creation of the Network and submission of the EU COST proposal

(2013)

Organization of a public event with representatives from the

participating universities and local institutions (Bergamo, 4th-5th

March 2014) and signing of a Paper of Intent

«Il Caravaggio» International Airport

University of Bergamo

EXPONENTIAL GROWTH (2003-2012)

SIZE National ranking: 9° 4°

Passengers: 2.822.746 8.801.392

SIZE

Students: 9.549 15.415

QUALIFICATION 105 cities served

33 countries served

QUALIFICATION Italian ranking(on 8 cluster universities): 3rd

Foreign students: 130 750 3 international Master Courses

UNIVERSITY OF BERGAMO

Presentation of the project to the other cluster cities and request for an expression of interest

CLUSTER UNIVERSITIES

Analysis of the local contexts and towards the definition of an integrated methodology

MULTI-LEVEL NETWORK

• network of airport operators

• low-cost carriers

• local government agencies

1.

2.

3.

Location

Demographic dimension

Airport typology

City centre

University

OECD urban area < 500,000 inhabitants

Of artistic and cultural interest

Campus or university

Proximity to a metropolis

With low cost flights

Metropolitan city

Cluster city

Lübeck

Bergamo

Hamburg

Milan

Barcelona

Bilbao

Santander

Paris

Girona

Beauvais

with Bergamo

with other cluster cities

link:

Cambridge

Brussels

Charleroi

London

Criteria for cluster cities: 1. Airport with low-cost flights

from/to BGY 2. Small and medium-sized cities

(pop. < 500,000) 3. Proximity to a metropolitan city

(pop. > 1,000,000) 4. Remarkable city centre 5. University

LÜBECK

University of Applied Sciences, 4,100 students

Four programs offered:

Applied Natural Sciences

Structural Engineering

Electrical Engineering & Computer Science

Mechanical Engineering & Business Administration

Rector: Prof. Stefan Bartels

Contacts: Prof. Achim Laleik, Coordinator, Master's Degree in Urban Planning Stephanie Eilers, junior researcher Malina Kreuk, junior researcher

Lübeck

HAMBURG

Lübeck Blankensee Airport

Fachhochschule Lübeck

MUNICIPALITY City President: Gabriele Schopenhauer (Stadtpräsidentin Hansestadt Lübeck)

- Fachhochschule Lübeck

CAMBRIDGE - Anglia Ruskin University

31,500 students

4 faculties:

Vice Chancellor: Prof. Michael Thorne Contacts: Hesham Al-Sabbahy, Head of Department of HRM, OB, and Tourism Chris Wilbert, Senior Lecturer and Pathway Leader for MA International Sustainable Tourism Management Ilaria Pappalepore, Senior Lecturer in Tourism Management

- Arts, Law & Social Sciences

- Health, Social Care & Education

- Lord Ashcroft International Business School

- Science & Technology

Cambridge Campus

LONDON

Cambridge

Chelmsford Campus

Mayor: Paul Saunders

London-Stansted Airport

BEAUVAIS

Cergy-Pontoise Campus

Beauvais

PARIS

Beauvais-Tillé Airport

- ESSEC Business School

Direttore Generale: Prof. Philippe Choquet

Persone incontrate: Prof. Pascal Barrier, Direttore Sviluppo e Relazioni con le Imprese Dr. Xavier Faure, Directeur de Cabinet

Private Grande école, 4,400 students

3 campuses (Cergy, Paris-La Défense and Singapore)

8 departments:

Dean: Prof. Jean-Michel Blanquer

Contacts: Prof. Patrice Noisette, Course Coordinator - Urban, Environmental and Services Management (MUES) Jean-Paul Loevenbruck, Lecturer

Accounting and management control

Public and private policy Economics Finance

Operations Management Management Marketing Information systems,

decision sciences and statistics

BEAUVAIS

Tillé

Auneuil

Milly-sur-Thérain

Allonne

Troissereux

Saint-Paul

Savignies

Berneuil-en-Bray

Communauté d‘Agglomération du Beauvaisis (CAB)

President: Caroline Cayeux Contact: Stéphane Delabre (Development Director)

La Défense Campus

Singapore Campus

GIRONA

14,800 students

Faculties and schools:

Rector: Prof. Ana Maria Geli Contacts: Rafel Llussà (Department of Geography Director ) José Antonio Donaire (INSETUR Director) Gisela Bosch (junior researcher)

- Law

- Arts

- Medicine

- Polytechnic School

- Science

- Education and Psychology

- Business and Economic Sciences

- Nursing

- Tourism

BARRI VELL Campus

Montilivi Campus

Girona

BARCELONA

Girona-Costa Brava Airport

City Centre Campus

Pals

Begur

Mayor: Carles Puigdemont Local contact: Jordi Xirgo (UMAT Director)

- Universitat de Girona

Cittaslow International

SANTANDER

12,000 students 14 schools and faculties, among which:

Rector: Prof. José Carlos Gómez Contacts: Prof. Ángel Herrero, Director Department of Business Administration Andrea Pérez, Researcher

- Law - Humanities - Medicine - Sciences

- Teacher training - Economics and

Business Studies - Altamira School of

Tourism

LAS LLAMAS Campus

Torrelavega

Santander

BILBAO

Santander Airport

- Universidad de Cantabria

Mayor: Íñigo de la Serna

CHARLEROI

Saint-Ghislain

Ath

Charleroi

Charleroi

BRUSSELS

Brussels South Charleroi Airport

Mouscron

Tournai

Morlanwelz

Enghien

Silly

Lens

7 campuses, 8,800 students and 50 courses Teaching areas:

HEPH-CONDORCET Michel Van Koninckxloo, Chief Inspector for High Education of the Province Pascal Lambert, Directeur-Président HEPH-Condorcet Contact: Élise Boucq, Researcher Stéphanie Crabeck, Researcher

- Agronomy

- Applied arts

- Economics

- Paramedicine

- Pedagogy

- Social sciences

- Technical studies

- Haute École Provinciale de Hainaut - Condorcet

MONS

Teaching Councillor Hainaut: Yves Lardinois Charleroi Mayor: Paul Magnette

Contact: Anthony Dufrane, Councillor of Tourism Charleroi

Cittaslow International

SLOW TOURISM: For the development of the territorial identity in a touristic perspective

Time

Emotion Slowness

Network S-LOW

Autenthicity Contact

Sustainability

• Participation

• Valorization of local

knowledge

Individual and

personalized

dimension

T E R R I T O R Y

Co-management Quality of the

experience

Active implication

SLOW TOURISM

LOW-COST FLIGHTS S

SLOW TOURISM

Inhabitant Tourist

Slowness

2.

LOW-COST FLIGHTS Innovations introduced by low-cost airlines

The traveler: individualist, internet user, alternative, conscious, frequent

New destinations Economic impact created on territory:

• Valorization of medium-small centers and marginal areas

• New employment perspectives

Tariff reduction Flight democratization: open opportunity for anybody to

visit the Elsewhere

Important element to increase the European integration

Network S-LOW SLOW TOURISM

LOW-COST FLIGHTS LOW

LOW-COST FLIGHTS

Ryanair: privileged low-cost carrier

Undoubted environmental impact:

atmospheric and acoustic

The most eco-efficient airline:

Fleet of modern aircrafts

High density of seats

High load factor

Source: Brighter Planet Report (2011)

CLASSIFICATION FOR ECO-EFFICIENCY (first 20 carriers PAX)

SLOW TOURISM LOW-COST FLIGHTS

Concept of

neighborhood

(proximity/distance)

completely revised

Experiencing the

territory

S

-

L

O

W

CENTRALITY OF NETWORKED TERRITORIES

ANALYSIS OF THE LOCAL CONTEXT

CARTOGRAPHIC REPRESENTATION OF THE COLLECTED DATA

PLANNING A S-LOW TOURISM

NETWORK

ON-LINE PARTICIPATION

1st phase 2nd phase

4th phase 3rd phase

Analysis of the local context

Monitoring of the slow tourism

resources

Stakeholder identification

Analysis of the s-low

tourist profile

Analysis of the airport dynamism

CULTURAL RESOURCES

UNESCO Site Crespi d’Adda

several Res Tipica villages: - 3 of the “Most beautiful Italian villages”

- 1 of the “Authentic Italian villages”

- 2 “Orange flag” villages

- 3 Italian wine cities

- 4 “Painted villages”

castles in the Bergamo plain (i.e. Malpaga)

historical buildings (palaces, villas, etc)

many religious and industrial heritage sites

5 officially recognized eco-museums, several ethnographic museums

NATURAL RESOURCES

Natura 2000 sites: - 19 Sites of Community Importance

- 6 Special Protection Areas

5 regional parks

19 local parks (PLIS)

6 natural reserves, one of which WWF oasis

1 natural monument

1 botanical garden (Lorenzo Rota)

many lakes, rivers, waterfalls (Serio)

monumental trees

MOBILITY (based on low carbon emissions)

cycle routes

hiking trails

- Sentiero delle Orobie

- Sentiero dei Fiori

- Sentiero delle Farfalle

historical pathways

- Via Mercatorum

- Strada Priula

- Strada Francesca

bike sharing programmes (BiGi)

low carbon public transport (TEB, etc.)

ACCOMMODATION 3 «scattered hotels»

240 bed & breakfasts - Bed and Bergamo - Associazione Bergamo B&B e

C.V. - The Best B&B in Bergamo - Coop. B&B Il mondo di casa

113 lodging houses

10 hostels

137 agritourisms, 50 of which provide with accommodation

41 mountain lodges, 23 of which in “Rifugi di Lombardia”

10 campings

17 Bergamo Charme facilities

2 “Albergabici” bike hotels

CATERING

7 Slow Food “Osterie d’Italia”

9 Slow Food “Locande d’Italia”

25 ristoranti dei Mille… sapori”

12 restaurants with “Slow Food” allied cooks

MICRO-BUSINESS (based on quality brands)

Stakeholder identification

PRIVATE MIXED PUBLIC

LOCAL

• Local enterprises

• Food and Hospitality

consortia

• Local associations

• Slow Food Convivia

• Associations for the

promotion of tourism

• Local government

agencies (communes,

province of Bergamo,

others)

INTER-

NATIONAL

• Low-cost carriers • Airport operators

• Associations endorsing

the «slow philosophy»

• European Union

T Y P O L O G Y

S

C

A

L

E

Destination chosen by foreign passengers arriving at BGY

19.3% 27.1%

56.0%

40.7%

9.9%

12.5%

DESTINATION: BERGAMO (of tot. Lombardy)

DESTINATION: LOMBARDY (of tot. destination regions)

Data source: Banca d’Italia (2010), Indagine sul turismo internazionale

45.7% 64.6%

INDIVIDUALIST Not interested in

standardized holiday packages, he avoids travelling in groups

INTERNET USER He builds his own itinerary using the

Internet

ALTERNATIVE He prefers visiting

lesser-known destinations and off the

beaten path tourist attractions

FREQUENT TRAVELLER

He travels several times a year

CONSCIOUS He «thinks green» and pays attention to the impacts of tourism

0

1.000.000

2.000.000

3.000.000

4.000.000

5.000.000

6.000.000

7.000.000

8.000.000

9.000.000

10.000.000

To

tal

pa

sse

ng

ers

Data source: ENAC (I), UAF (F), AENA (E), CAA (UK), Charleroi airport (B), Lübeck airport (D)

Lübeck

RYANAIR

WIZZ AIR

WIZZ AIR UKRAINE

PEGASUS AIRLINES

BELLE AIR EUROPE

BLUE AIR

AIR ARABIA EGYPT

AIR ARABIA MAROC

RYANAIR and AIR ARABIA MAROC

BLUE AIR and WIZZ AIR

RYANAIR and WIZZ AIR

Annual passengers to

and from BGY

(data 2012, source:

ENAC)

300.000

200.000

100.000

Passengers on routes to

and from BGY and the

other 6 cluster cities

accounted for 17.3% of BGY’s international

passengers traffic in 2012

(air charter PAX excluded)

Cluster city

European multilevel s-low network

INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH DYNAMIC ACTION

Adoption and actualization of the

research and the proposals emerged

from the network

Interuniversity

European research

group, with

complementary

disciplinary

competences

CENTRALITY OF NETWORKED TERRITORIES

University Airports

Local Institutions

Economic engine of

territories for

stimulating local

entrepreneurship and

activating innovative

strategies in a s-low

perspective

APPLICATION AND OPERATIONAL FUNCTION

3.

Towards a shared territorial planning

Institution of a TERRITORIAL COORDINATION AGENCY supporting projects and activities identified by the network

Constitution of a EUROPEAN

OBSERVATORY OF EXCELLENCE

on low-cost mobility for a touristic development of

territories

Creation of a PARTNERSHIP

AMONG LOW-COST AIRPORTS

to develop common strategies and create privileged networks

with low-cost carriers

University Airports

Local institutions

… summarising

SLOW TOURISM LOW-COST FLIGHTS

Concept of

neighborhood

(proximity/distance)

completely revised

Experiencing the

territory

S

-

L

O

W

CENTRALITY OF NETWORKED TERRITORIES