Scientific Communication A
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Transcript of Scientific Communication A
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Scientific communication
Presenting a scientific report
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Media
Oral
Seminar/Conference
Workshop
Lecture
Non-oral
paper publication
science news Poster presentation
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Visual support for written words
Tables (column and row form information)
Figures :
Graphs (numerically based)
Photographs and other documentary
illustrations (machine print-outs)
Explanatory artwork (drawing, diagram)
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pictograph
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pictograph
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exercise 1
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35-mm slide,
overhead transparencies,
flipcharts,
films, videotapes, and even
filmstrips and
the old schoolroom standard,
the chalkboard or marker-board
computer-based visuals, eg. power point slides
Visual support for spoken words
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oral presentation
3 MAJOR ASPECTS:
content
design
delivery
i
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creating an
effective
electronic
presentation
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exercis
e2
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B:
This result was elucidated by Smith (1990) and Jones
(1991). In these studies the authors found inconsistencies
in the results. It was found that the data differed slightly.
paragraph choices
A:
Smith (1990) was first to explain this result; Jones (1991)
expanded upon the idea. Our research uncovered minor
inconsistencies in the data given in both of their studies.
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group presentation (next Friday) for maximum
10 minutes (8 minutes presentation and 2
minutes discussion)6 selected groups(@ 4 students)
Topics:
1. The role of hydrogen bonding in water2. Natural colorant advantages
3. Natural inks: production and prospective
4. Camouflage coating and chemistry
5. Why the lily water leaves are not wet?
6. Renewable energy
exercis
e3
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Speaking in public: the human factor
3 aspects to be managed:
Control nervousness
Delivering the speech or presentation
Handling questions
The physical symptoms of nervousnessbutterflies in ones stomach,
pounding heart, squeaky voice a result of adrenaline released by the
body to escape an uncomfortable or threatening situation
Overcomed by:
changing ones state of mind.
preparing, organizing, and delivering the presentation in ways
that reduce anxiety.
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Control nervousness
Keep your com posure
take an optimistic, enthusiastic view about the excitement of talkingabout something you enjoy to an audience that is on your side andwants you to succeed
your audience cant tell whether you are nervous inside, but onlywhether you show it outside.
Confidence will soon take over if you are well prepared.
Take con crete act ion to b e well prepared
Develop interesting, organized visual aids so that peoples eyes will beon them, not just on you
Put together a particularly interesting introduction and conclusionRehearse to the point of memorization (lower anxiety leave a goodimpression
Dont memorize anything word for word only the outlines keypoints
Expect the best but prepare for the wo rst Have a backup plan for any technology you plan to use.
Practice with the equipment as well as with the talk itself.
familiarize yourself with the room and the equipment
be prepared to give your presentation on your own, with no technologyor visual aids.
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Delivering presentation
Look at the audience
Casually move around the room, if possible
Dont pace, but dont stand in the same location for theentire talk
Use your visual aids effectively Whenever possible, reveal information sequentially.
With PowerPoint, design slides so that bulleted pointsappear as you talk about them.
if your mind momentarily goes blank, dont panic
Silence is golden
Although the silent moment will seem long andawkward to you, the audience will find it to be natural
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Handling questions
Sometimes, there truly may be no questionsThats all right not a sign you failedsomewhere.
Thank the audience and the moderator, andsit down.
What if someone asks a question that youcant answer?
Or one that seems to negate the wholestudy?
Or is openly hostile?
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Suggested ways to handle questions
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Handling questions .contd
Be sure you understand the question
Make sure the questioner is asking what you think he or she is Dont interrupt before the question is complete, even if you think you know what is
being asked
Answer briefly and directly Never dismiss a question without a response
Always remain professional
Maintain your dignity: Dont loosen a tie, lean on the podium, or relax your diction Never answer sarcastically or with anger
Remember the whole audience Maintain eye contact with all the audience most of the time
Make a conscious effort to take questions from various parts of the room
Never bluff, but you can steer When you dont know an answer, honestly say so
The question asked doesnt have to be the question answered
Stay within your allotted time limit If questions continue and the moderator doesnt end them, do so yourself: Make a
final summarizing statement if possible + thank the audience
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A happy hybrid:
Poster presentation
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Poster presentations were almost unknown before beingintroduced into scientific meetings in the United States inthe mid-1970s
How ?
a given poster will be displayed during a given timeframe;
the author will be on hand to discuss the subject with arelatively small number of interested viewers who stopwandering among the poster displays long enough tolisten and converse
Generally less stressful than a standard scientificpresentation
A successful postercombines visual, oral, and writtenelements
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A scientific poster should follow the same organizationalconventions used for other scientific writing, with anIntroduction, Objectives, Materials and Methods, andResults and Discussion.
The most common problem with poster presentations isthe attempt to present too much text and too many data
In comparison to a written paper, add more photographs,graphics, and color.
Most commonly, viewers start by viewing data in tablesand figures, or by reading the conclusions or objectives
get sure the conclusion carry the points you emphasized
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Listening
1. Photograph/Analyzing pictures
2. Question-Response
3. Conversations4. Short Talk
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1. Analyzing the picture/photograph
Pick out the main theme
Start to predict the type of statements you will
hear
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Practice 1
With the picture on your sheet, try to
answer/to find the correct statement for each
picture
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2. Question-Response
thinking about meaning of factual questions
answers do not always answer the question
directly
often will be in different tenses
listen for keywords to avoid distractor
watch out for the common distractor
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Practice 2
Listen to sentence 1 and write number 1 next
to three key words or phrases as you hear
them
Do the same for the next to sentences
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Same wordunrelated meaning
Q: Has the sale improved profits?
A: Yes, it is for sale
Related subjectdoesnt answer
the question
Q: Where can I buy a cheap air conditioner?
A: I agree that its very cheap
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Similar soundDifferent/unrelated
word
Q: Have you met the new staff?
A: No, it is not the same stuff
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Listening practice for scientific
communication
C:\Documents and Settings\My
Compaq\Desktop\Paket Kuliah\Bahasa
Inggris\Materi Pengembangan Elearning\Mini
lecture\Global Warming via Youtube.flv
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