Leeward and WindwardWindward is the direction upwind from the point of reference. Leeward is the direction (or downward) from the point of reference. The side of a ship that is towards the leeward is its lee side. If the vessel is heeling under the pressure of the wind, this will be the "lower side". During the age of sail, the termweather was used as a synonym for windward in some contexts, as in the weather gage.

Topography

Topography is a field of geoscience and planetary science comprising the study

of surface shape and features of the Earth and other observable astronomical

objects including planets, moons, and asteroids. It is also the description of such

surface shapes and features (especially their depiction in maps). The topography of an

area could also mean the surface shape and features themselves.

ClimateClimate is the long-term pattern of weather in a particular area.[1] It is measured by assessing the patterns of variation intemperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, precipitation, atmospheric particle count and other meteorological variables in a given region over long periods of time. Climate is different from weather, in that weather only describes the short-term conditions of these variables in a given region.

Rainshadowa region having little rainfall because it is sheltered from prevailing rain-bearing winds by a range of hills.