Science, Technology, Safety, Security,...
Transcript of Science, Technology, Safety, Security,...
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NUCLEAR RESEARCH AT INP-ALMATY:
Science, Technology, Safety, Security, Cooperation
Petr Chakrov Institute of Nuclear Physics Almaty, Kazakhstan
9th APCTP-BLTP JINR Joint Workshop at Kazakhstan Almaty, June 27 – July 4, 2015
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National Nuclear Center
Institute of Nuclear
Physics
Institute of Geophysical
Research
Almaty Kurchatov, East Kazakhstan Region
2015
INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS in nuclear research infrastructure of Kazakhstan
Ministry of Energy
R e p u b l i c a n S t a t e E n t e r p r i s e s
Nuclear Technology
Park
J S C
WWR-K reactor Critical Assembly
IGR reactor IVG 1.M reactor
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Staff: 650, including 70+ doctors and candidates of science
INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS (INP) Established in 1957
BRANCHES: • Astana • Aksay • Azgir
MAIN SITE: • Alatau, 20 km far from Almaty
AKSAY
ALMATY
AZGIR
ASTANA
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• Research Reactor WWR-K • Critical Assembly • Cyclotron U-150M • Linear Tandem Accelerator UKP-2-1 • Heavy Ion Cyclotron DC-60 • Electron Accelerator ELV-4 • Under construction: cyclotron
Cyclone-30
INP BASIC FACILITIES
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INP ACTIVITIES
• Basic research
• Applied research
• Technology development
• Designing
• Production and Services
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Nuclear Physics
Radiation Physics of Solids
Radioecology, Analytical Techniques
Accelerator Technologies
PRIMARY R&D AREAS:
Reactor Investigations
Radiochemistry, Radiopharmaceutics
In Kazakhstan, INP stably keeps high rank in scientific publications (the only research institute in top-5)
05
101520253035
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Investigations of nuclear reactions mechanisms and structure of light and mean nuclei in range of low and mean energies
Investigations of exchange reactions and radiative capture for astrophysical applications and thermonuclear fusion
Investigations of inclusive cross-sections of nuclear reactions, related to development of accelerator-driven nuclear systems (ADS)
Investigation of trans-uranium elements fission
Nuclear Physics
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Radiation physics of solids, computer simulation of radiation effects
Radiation material science Ion beam modification of materials Ion-plasma synthesis of exotic alloys,
superconductors, semiconductors Proton-conducting oxides Hyperfine interactions in investigations of surface
layers
Solid state physics
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Physics of nuclear reactors
Nuclear safety
Irradiation testing of nuclear materials and components
Reactor technology for medicine and industry
Reactor investigations
Conv
entio
nal L
VDT
Impr
oved
LVDT
SPND
T/C
Heater
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International research projects at WWR-K reactor
• High-birnup irradiation test of lithium ceramics for fusion reactor blanket
• Irradiation tests of differential transformers for fission products pressure gages
• Comparative irradiation tests of various grades beryllium
• High-burnup tests of HTGR fuel • Irradiation tests of oxidation-resistant graphite • Comparative study of radiation resistance of US and Russian
stainless steels • Comparative testing of technologies for medical radioisotopes
production developed in Kazakhstan and Japan • Development of technology for neutron transmutation doping of
silicon
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Radioecology • Complex radiological investigation of contaminated territories,
establishment of radiological monitoring systems • 456 nuclear explosions at Semipalatinsk testing site • 32 nuclear explosions at other sites (including 23 at sites currently
controlled by INP) • BN-350 fast breeder reactor (under decommissioning) • 5 research reactors and critical assemblies, 4 operating, 2 in INP • Uranium mining and processing • Natural radionuclides from extraction of petroleum
• Radiation and hydrochemical monitoring of the transbondary rivers • INP operates the largest and most capable radionuclide analysis
laboratory in the region • Development and application of technologies for cleanup of
contaminated territories and equipment
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Ensuring of radiation safety of “Lira” facilities at Karachaganak oil-gas-condensate field in West Kazakhstan * 6 large cavities created in 1980s by nuclear explosions at a depth of ~1000 m
* under INP supervision since 1998 (Aksay branch)
• investigations and permanent monitoring • radiation safety control • equipment maintenance • decommissioning planning
КНГКМ
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TECHNOLOGIES FOR INDUSTRY AND MEDICINE
Radioisotopes production and application
Radiation processing and radiation sterilization
Nuclear-physical methods of analysis
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SEALED GAMMA-SOURCES 192Ir, 124Sb, 60Co, 204Tl, 109Cd • industrial radiography (NDT) • control of technological processes (nuclear gages) • instruments calibration
BULK-SOLUTIONS 57Co, 109Cd • export
ISOTOPE MARKERS 60Co • depth marking during wells logging
RADIOISOTOPE PRODUCTS FOR INDUSTRY
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- Radiopharmaceuticals with 201Tl, 99mTc, 131I, 67Ga - Portable 99mТс generator - Diagnostic kits (under trials) - 68Ge (under development)
− Radiopharmaceuticals with 131I, 153Sm, 177Lu (pre-clinical and clinical trials)
FOR DIAGNOSTICS
FOR THERAPY
− Solutions 85Sr, 134Cs, 60Co, 131I for ecological and biomedical investigations
RADIOISOTOPE PRODUCTS FOR MEDICINE
RADIOISOTOPE TRACERS
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SUPPORT OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE DEVELOPMENT IN KAZAKHSTAN
• Supply of radiopharmaceuticals • Engineering support for establishment
of nuclear medicine centers Designing Equipment installation Commissioning
• Maintenance of cyclotrons and radiochemical equipment • Import, transportation and storage of radioactive sources • Disposal of radioactive waste • Staff training and certification in radiation safety
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ESTABLISHMENT OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOPHYSICS CENTER in the Institute of Nuclear Physics
• Production of radioisotope products for medicine
• Development and testing of new radiopharmaceuticals
• Radionuclide diagnostics • Radionuclide therapy • Staff training
• New radiopharmaceutical production facility (cyclotron, clean rooms, hot cells)
• Radiation sterilization facility INP, to be completed in 2015 • Clinical complex Ministry of Health
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• Radiation sterilization - syringes, bandages, cotton wool, disposable
clothing, tissue, catheters, gloves, vials…
• Polymerization, radiation cross-linking - hydrogel dressings for medicine
• Ion- track membranes
RADIATION TECHNOLOGIES
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Astana branch of INP DC-60 HEAVY ION CYCLOTRON, designed and manufactured in JINR, installed in 2006
ION-TRACK MEMBRANES
Growing market Innovative products New wide area for R&D
Irradiation of polymer film by accelerated heavy ions with specified parameters, export sales Development of purpose-designed membrane filters (water cleanup, medicine, microbiology) Production of nano-sized metal structures using the track membranes
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• Repatriation of spent HEU reactor fuel to Russian Federation
• Down blending of fresh HEU materials to LEU
• Conversion of the research reactor and critical assembly from HEU to LEU fuel
• Development of non-HEU radioisotope production
Minimization of highly enriched uranium at INP’ WWR-K reactor
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HEU minimization activities at WWR-K
Repatriation of spent HEU reactor fuel
Phase 1: 2008 – 2009
Phase 2: 2014
Phase 3: 2017
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HEU minimization activities at WWR-K
Down blending of bulk HEU to LEU •Shipment of HEU material from INP to Ulba plant (East Kazakhstan) •Down blending at Ulba plant, LEU return to INP
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U-235 19.7%
U-235 36%
5-tube fuel assemblies UAl4–Al Water reflector 1·1014 n/(cm2s)
8-tube fuel assemblies UO2–Al Beryllium reflector 2·1014 n/(cm2s)
4-9
1-1
2-2
6-1
7-1
1-2
2-3
8-1
1-3
9-1
10-1
1-4
2-5
2-6
10-2
11-1
2-7
10-3
3-8
11-2
3-6
10-5
11-3
5-10
6-9
7-9
10-6
11-4
7-10
8-9
9-8
10-7
3-7
3-2
4-2
7-2
8-2
9-2
4-8
5-9
3-3
5-3
2-4
4-4
6-2
6-4
7-4
3-5 4-7
5-6
8-4
9-3
5-7
7-6
6-7
7-7
10-4
6-8
9-6
8-8
9-7
6-5
4-5
8 -5
1КО
3АЗ
АР
1АЗ
3КО
3KO
2АЗ
1КО
2-1
3-1
4-1 8-7
2КО
2КО 5- 5 6 - 6
7 - 5
5-4
8 -6 5-2
5-1
HEU minimization activities at WWR-K
WWR-K reactor conversion to LEU fuel
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Irradiation trial of 3 LEU lead test assemblies in WWR-K reactor was performed in 2011-2013, post-irradiation examinations in 2014
Modification of reactor systems will start in August, 2015
Conversion is to be completed early in 2016
The same LEU fuel is used for conversion of the Critical Assembly at INP
HEU minimization activities at WWR-K
WWR-K reactor conversion to LEU fuel
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• Natural Mo (n,γ) 99Мо 1,1 Ci/g • No processing of irradiated Uranium • Central “Gel”-generator since 2001 • Portable “Gel”-generator since 2011
(1 Ci/generator at the end of production) • Proven pharmaceutical quality • New generator production GMP facility to be
completed in 2015
Development of non-HEU 99Mo/99mTc production
2001 2011 2015
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to train personnel of nuclear organizations and state authorities in • Physical protection of nuclear facilities and nuclear materials • Control and accounting of nuclear materials • Counter nuclear smuggling
2015 status: • Detailed architectural/engineering design is under state review • Development of training curriculum • Pilot courses already started
Establishment of Nuclear Security Training Center at INP
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• R&D: • Basic nuclear physics • Material science • Radioecology • Radioisotopes • Ion-track membranes
• HEU minimization, conversion to LEU • Nuclear Security • Education and Training
INP international collaboration
• Research institutions in CIS, Europe and Japan • US national laboratories and universities • International Atomic Energy Agency • Joint Institute of Nuclear Research (Dubna) • International Science and Technology Center • Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia • APCTP !
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Thanks for your attention and have a great week in Almaty!