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Science & Technology in NATO: The STO, its Collaborative Network

and the Collaborative Support Office

Col (Rtd) Philippe Soète, ExO to CSO Director

NATO UNCLASSIFIED Releasable to Partners July 2014 Slide 1

Science & Technology in NATO

“Scientific results cannot be used efficiently by soldiers who have no understanding of them, and scientists cannot produce results useful for warfare without an understanding of the operations.”

Theodore von Kármán (1881-1963)

Slide 2 NATO UNCLASSIFIED Releasable to Partners July 2014

The NATO S&T Community since 1 July 2012

NATO UNCLASSIFIED Releasable to Partners Slide 3

Conference of National Armament

Directors

STO

North Atlantic Council

Science for Peace & Security Programme

Allied Command Transformation

Political & Partnership Committee

NATO C&I Agency

C&I-ASB

COMEDS

LC

NATO Air Force Armaments Group

NATO Naval Armaments Group

NATO Army Armaments Group

NATO Industrial Advisory Group

Non-NATO “S&T partners”

OCS

Military Committee

C3B

C3B CaPs

CMRE

CSO

In-house S&T

Collaborative S&T

S&T Board

July 2014

The Science and Technology Organisation


Research and Technology Organization (RTO)

Advisory Group for Aerospace R&D (AGARD)

Defense Research Group (DRG) 1998 2012

Science & Technology Organization (STO)

1952

1967

The STO – Building on a Long Legacy...

July 2014 Slide 5 NATO UNCLASSIFIED Releasable to Partners

Over years this “long legacy” allowed a lot of scientists to forge very profound professional relationships based on trust and confidence

• To help position the Nations’ and NATO’s S&T investments as a strategic enabler of the knowledge and technology advantage for the defence and security posture of NATO Nations and partner Nations, by: – Conducting and promoting S&T activities that

augment and leverage the S&T capabilities and programmes of the Alliance, of the NATO Nations and the partner Nations [...]

– Contributing to NATO’s ability to enable and influence security- and defence-related capability development and threat mitigation in [...]

– Supporting decision-making in the NATO Nations and NATO

STO Mission (Charter)


Science and Technology Organisation

NORTH ATLANTIC COUNCIL

Scientific and Technical Committees (Panels/Group)

Science and Technology Board MC CNAD

Collaborative S&T Business Model

In House Delivery Business Model

OCS NATO HQ Max. 10

Max. 0.7 M€

CSO Neuilly

46 5.5 M€

CMRE La Spezia

150 26.6 M€

1 Board

2 Business Models

3 Exec

Bodies


The STO Collaborative Network

Scientific and Technical Committees (Panels/Group)

NATO UNCLASSIFIED Releasable to Partners Slide 8 July 2014

“The Nations for the Nations and NATO”

• It federates and strengthens the Alliance by: – Fostering the collective address of the common S&T needs of the

Alliance and its Member Nations, demonstrating solidarity – Forging very profound professional relationships based on trust and

confidence resulting in increased efficiencies – Providing commonly agreed advice to National and NATO decision

makers • It leverages scarce resources while providing synergies and

interoperability by: – Enabling cost avoidance and cost sharing – Finding (common) solutions for increasingly complex problems – Benefiting from the best (specialised) resources in the Nations – Allowing shorter delays in reaching conclusions

Why Collaborative S&T in NATO?

Specialisation is a reality: no one has it all Slide 9 NATO UNCLASSIFIED Releasable to Partners July 2014

• AVT-161 “Assessment of Stability and Control Prediction Methods for NATO Air and Sea Vehicles (Air Facet)” – Resources funded by 15 Nations (13 NATO, 1 PfP, 1 Global

Partner) • Labor Cost for 25 active participants (over 3 years) • Transportation & Shipment Cost for Personnel and Material

(over 3 years) • Production Cost of Wind Tunnel Model • Organizational Costs of Meetings • Wind Tunnel Test Facilities (2 x Europe, 1 x USA) incl. local

support personnel & overheads – Resources funded by NATO via the CSO

• Executive and Administrative Support of the Activity • Editorial & Publication Services for the Final Report

– Research Results are available to all NATO Nations and contributing Partners!

The Leveraging Effect: Example


Presenter

Presentation Notes

15 Nations: USA, DEU, UK, FRA, ITA, CAN, NL, ESP, BUL, CZ, GRE, TUR, DEN, SWE, AUSTRALIA Cost for Wind Tunnel Model (produced and paid for by NASA): approx. US-$ 150,000 Amount of different wind tunnel measurement techniques and results can usually not be achieved by a single nation activity.

Investment Leverage


~ 200 M€ NATO

Collaborative S&T

Programme

National Budgets

NATO Budget

CSO = catalyst

5,5 M€ Support to

CPoW (CSO Budget) NATO S&T also:

• Assists Nations’ capability-building efforts

• Helps NATO develop NATO-owned capabilities

July 2014

The STO Panels/Group

12

• AVT Applied Vehicle Technology

• HFM Human Factors and Medicine

• IST Information Systems Technology

• SAS System Analysis & Studies

• SCI Systems Concepts & Integration

• SET Sensors & Electronics Technology

• MSG Modelling and Simulation Group

NATO UNCLASSIFIED Releasable to Partners July 2014

Collaborative S&T Business Model

NATO UNCLASSIFIED Releasable to Partners 13

NETWORK HUB

= STO-CSO

Nation Nation Nation

Member (Ops)

Nation Member

(Req)

Nation Member

(S&T) Nation

Nation Nation Member

(IND) (AC)

ACT CoEs

NATO Bodies

Rep. E.g. NCIA, CMRE

ACT

JWC, JFTC ACT

MAGs & NIAG

Members MAGs-NIAG

July 2014

A Knowledge & Information Base for NATO and the Nations

Collaborative S&T Environment

NATO UNCLASSIFIED Releasable to Partners 14

Toolbox:

• SY: Symposia (>100 people, 3-4 days)

• SM: Specialists’ Meetings (<100 people, 2-3 days )

• WS: Workshops (selected participation, 2-3 days)

• TG: Task Groups (study group, 3 years max.)

• LS: Lecture Series (junior and mid-level scientists)

• TC: Technical Courses

• ST: Specialists’ Teams (quick reaction)

• ET: Exploratory Teams

Collaborative Networking Environment

Reports & Standards

Technology Demonstrations

Educational Opportunities

July 2014

Total Number of Activities per Year All Panels/Group Combined

Average Participation Average # of Nations per Activity


Participation Trends – NATO Total # Activities per Nation


Partner Participation

July 2014 Slide 18

2013 CPoW Participation by Partner Nations

NATO UNCLASSIFIED Releasable to Partners

The Collaboration Support Office (CSO)


• To provide executive and administrative support to the S&T activities conducted through the STO level 2 committees and level 3 working groups.

• In its areas of expertise, to provide assistance and support to the Science and Technology Board, its Chairperson, the Chief Scientist, and his/her office.

CSO Mission (STO Charter Art. 18.3)


The CSO: the Executive Arm

• Node of the Collaborative Network – Makes the STO

Collaborative Programme of Work (CPoW) happen

• Interface between the scientific community and the military

• Science and Technology Knowledge Manager

Facilitate and Leverage NATO’s Collaborative S&T

July 2014 NATO UNCLASSIFIED Releasable to Partners Slide 21

CSO Functional Areas • Three main functional areas

– Assist in the STB Strategic Roles

– Support the S&T Collaborative PoW

– Operate the Office and provide General Support

Slide 22 NATO UNCLASSIFIED Releasable to Partners

Director

Executive Office

IT Services

Resources Management

Security / HR / Finances / IM

& IT

Operations and Coordination of STO CPoW

Level 2 Committees

Offices

July 2014

Manpower Mix • Total CSO Personnel Establishment: 50

– including 2 twins + 1 Financial Controller at NATO HQ

• Total Staff present in Neuilly: 46

– Total NATO International Civilians (NICs): 33

– Total IMPs: 13

• # of Nations Represented: 14

– FRA, USA, GBR, BEL, DEU, ITA, POL

– CAN, DNK, NLD, PRT, ROM, SPA, TUR


Conclusion


• Provides executive and administrative support to the World’s largest collaborative network for Defence and Security S&T

• Facilitates an average of 150 collaborative activities/year – Fostering the collective address of common S&T needs, demonstrating

solidarity – Forging very profound professional relationships based on trust and

confidence resulting in increased efficiencies – Connecting military operators with scientists – Leveraging huge national research investments

and a vast pool of expertise – Providing synergies and interoperability

• Manages knowledge and supports the quick delivery of commonly agreed advice to decision makers

The Value of the STO CSO


www.sto.nato.int

News General info

General info Social media

Newsletter

Brochure

www.cmre.nato.int

www.cso.nato.int


Questions?


Applied Vehicle Technology (AVT) MISSION

“Improve performance, affordability,

and safety of vehicle, platform, propulsion

and power systems operating in all environments for new and ageing systems

through advancement of appropriate technologies”


• Objective: – to develop structural guidelines for UAVs that

can be tailored to the lethality of the vehicle to reduce the level of effort required to achieve safety and reliability equivalent to manned aircraft levels and reducing the testing requirements where rational.

Structural Design Criteria / Qualification Guidelines for Unmanned Military Air Vehicles (AVT-174)


Barracuda

Delfly - Delft

• Used STANAG 4671 and JSSG 2006 as references • Covered other aircraft types, sizes and flight

environments • Coordination with: JCGUAV, FINAS, FAA, USAF,

USN, US Army, NASA, US Industry via AIAA

July 2014

Presenter

Presentation Notes

AVT-174 had the objective to develop guidelines for design criteria and qualification approaches for UAV in order to reduce testing requirements. The group produced a first draft in october and coordinate with several other bodies for reviewing it including FINAS . The second draft will be reviewed in may and the aim is to have an approved document by October 2011.

Human Factors & Medicine (HFM) MISSION

To optimize the: Health Safety

Well-being Performance of the Human in Operational Environments


Human Effectiveness

Psycho-social, organisational, cultural and cognitive aspects in military action

HFM PANEL SCOPE

Human System Integration

Human-in-the-system analysis, design and evaluation

and experimentation

Health, Medicine and Protection

Military medicine, health, sustenance, safety, physiological tolerance,

protection and survivability of military personnel in adverse mission environments


• Topics addressed: – Development and Flight Characteristics of UAVs

(current, planned and projected). – Control Mechanisms for UAVs, including remotely

piloted (RPV) and controlled by on-board programming (Artificial Intelligence)

– Potential use of UAVs for casualty evacuation. – G-tolerance and rate-of-onset tolerance of patients

in various axes and with differing medical conditions.

– In-fight medical monitoring • Technology Challenges

– Casualty Location, movement and stabilization – Providing “human touch” to calm and reassure

casualties – En route Care

Safe Ride Standards for Patient Evacuation Using UAVs (HFM-184)


• SCOPE (Focus Areas) – Information SECurity and Assurance (SEC) – Information and Knowledge Management (IKM) – COMmunications and Networks (COM) – Architecture and Enabling Technologies (AET)

Information Systems Technology (IST)


2

• OBJECTIVES: – To define “real world” requirements for

the military users and to standardize and harmonize the developments in Unmanned Vehicles.

– Special focus on the Interoperability of the Unmanned Vehicles

• The RTG is one of organizers of the recurring Military European Land-ROBot Trial (M-ELROB)

Applied Interoperability and Autonomy for Military Unmanned Systems (IST-089)


Presenter

Presentation Notes

Focused on ground systems but there is also some tactical uav.

• Mission – To conduct studies and analyses

of an operational and technological nature

• Usually, exploring how operational capability can be enhanced through the exploitation of new technologies, new forms of organisation or new concepts of operation

– To promote the exchange and development of methods and tools for operational analysis as applied to defence problems

System, Analysis and Studies (SAS)


• Objective: – Studied the impact that advancing technologies could have on delivery

of capabilities required for future NATO joint operations • 3 Main Sets of Results:

– Thematic Analytical Approach (18 Themes) – JO 2030 Capability Set (355 Theme Issue Capabilities - TICs) – JO 2030 List One Technology Focus Areas (40 of 247 TFAs)

• Some of the TFAs include: – Personality profiles and behavior of decision makers – Autonomous learning – Evolutionary algorithms – Swarm intelligence – Human-Robot interaction

• Follow on: – a larger body of TICs could be explored, – Looking at the relation of TFAs to Capabilities (in which technology

areas should we invest?)

Joint Operations 2030 (SAS 066)


Presenter

Presentation Notes

The study will offer insights into the impact that evolutions and revolutions in the applications of advancing technologies could have on the full range of capabilities that could be required in future NATO led Joint Operations. Five phases: Define strategic environment, scenarios, CONOPs Thematic Analysis of Future Issues Identify Capabilities needed in 2030 Assess potential impact of technological developments on capabilities, and operational concepts Hold Multinational Workshop and write the final report

Systems Concepts and Integration (SCI) • Mission: to address :

– Advanced system concepts,

– Systems integration,

– Engineering techniques and technologies

across the spectrum of platforms and operating environments.


• Objectives: – Harmonizing studies related to Space

Situational awareness (SSA) between ESA, EU, EDA, ESPI (European Space Policy Institute) and NATO

– Working with the NATO JAPCC (Joint Air Power Competence Centre)

– Developing a NATO SSA Technology Development Plan,

– Educating NATO SSA “Space Officers” – Conducting ESA/NATO/EU workshops and a

final conference related to space systems, security and SSA

NATO Operation and Space Situational Awareness (SCI-229)


Presenter

Presentation Notes

SCI-229 ET

• Mission: – To advance technology

in affordable electronics and active/passive sensors in the fields of RSTA (Reconnaissance, Surveillance and Target Acquisition),

– To enhance sensor capabilities through multi-sensor integration and fusion.

Sensors and Electronics Technology (SET)


• Goals: – Analyse benefits of fusing multiple radar bands and active and

passive modes of operation in one transportable system and select viable system concepts for a deployable multi-band passive/active radar sensor (DMPAR) for air defence

• Major Achievements – Created DMPAR system concept – Assessed system performance – Developed DMPAR-MIMO processing schemes – Designed system hardware concepts and architectures – Identified critical components – Developed interim solutions

Deployable Multi-band Passive/Active Radar for Air Defense (DMPAR) (SET-152)


LFP

HFP HFA

LFA

Transportable Staggered Array

Architecture

Military Benefits • Self protection for NATO crisis-

reaction and peace-keeping forces

• Maximum covertness • Enhanced situational

awareness • Low altitude coverage • Anti-stealth capability • Weather-independent

performance • Beyond-horizon detection • Multi-band operation may allow

extraction of target features for NCTR

• Compact, transportable, easily deployable system


• Mission: – to promote co-operation

within NATO and with its Partners to maximise the effective utilisation of M&S.

– Includes: • M&S standardisation,

education, and associated science and technology

• Provision of M&S expertise

Modeling and Simulation Group (MSG)


Commercial Technologies and Games for NATO • Games are very accessible and relatively cheap compared to

more traditional military simulations • NMSG started organizing workshops on Exploiting

Commercial Games for Military Use in 2004 (MSG-037): they showed a range of issues associated with employing commercial technologies

• MSG-093 (Nov 2010) was the 9th Workshop : investigated issues surrounding “virtual worlds” as a possible technology to enhance advanced distributed learning

• Three game-like worlds were constructed with built-in learning management systems (two HQs and a Maritime Interdiction Game)

• MSG-108, the 10th WS, held in Oct 2011 in UK, focused on developments in COTS over the next 5-10 years


Presenter

Presentation Notes

Games are very accessible and relatively cheap compared to more traditional military simulations. There is a need to identify the technologies that have the greatest near-term potential and understand the future trends and developments in those technologies that have the potential to meet future defence requirements. NATO is the best forum to do this, to share national experience and to identify barriers to further exploitation NMSG started organising workshops on Exploiting Commercial Games for Military Use in 2004 (MSG-037): they showed a range of issues associated with employing commercial technologies Some of these issues are risk, cost, copyright, acquisition regulations, validation and the balancing of outsourced versus in-house resources. MSG-093 (Fall 2010) is the 9th Workshop : The aim was to investigate issues surrounding virtual worlds and similar technologies as a possible technology to enhance advanced distributed learning on the basis of previous studies made by ACT. Three worlds were constructed with built-in learning management systems – each successive build being more complicated and game-like. The first world was a replica of a generic deployed operational HQ similar to ISAF. This HQ virtual world was used in a limited objective experiment to test the viability of training using virtual worlds. The second was ACT HQ building in Norfolk, with the purpose of this world was to encourage distributed meetings, similar to the populard internet game Second Life. Results were extremely encouraging and pointed towards significant advantages in using this technology. The last of the three worlds was named “Boarders Ahoy: The Maritime Interdiction Game” and was built for ship boarding. This world was designed to be used as a training facility for students at the NATO Maritime Interdiction and Operational Training Centre (NMIOTC). Boarders Ahoy was one of the finalists at the “Serious Games Showcase and Challenge” held yearly at I/ITSEC, in Orlando, FL (USA). MSG-108, the 10th WS, will be held in Oct 2011 in UK and focused on developments in COTS over the next 5-10 years

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