Soil Science Lesson Plans, Activities, and Science Standards
Science Lesson!:)
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Transcript of Science Lesson!:)
Science Lesson!:)Michelle Oh, Christine Kim
*the skin*The immune system
The Skin
Largest organ in the human body
Has many important jobs in the body
PROTECTS YOUR BODY
Forms a barrier that keeps harmful substances outside the body (protects body from injury)
The barrier also helps keep important substances in (Ex. water)
Maintains body Temperature
Blood vessels & Sweat glands
Become warm->Blood vessels enlarge->Amount of blood that flows through them increases->Heat moves from the body moves into the outside environment
Sweat glands produce perspiration when you become warm, and the perspiration evaporates from your skin, and your skin’s temperature goes down
Eliminates Wastes
Perspiration contains dissolved waste
Whenever you sweat or perspire, you are eliminating waste
Gathers Information
The nerves in your skin provide information about things such as pressure, pain, and temperature
Producing Vitamin D
Some skin cells produce vitamin D in the presence of sunlight
Parts of the Skin
Organized into two main layers: epidermis & dermis
Epidermis
Does not have nerves or blood vessels
Epidermis cell life cycle: start out deep in the epidermis->mature and move upward as new cells form beneath them->after two weeks they die and become part of the epidermal surface layer->another two weeks they are shed and replaced by dead cells below
Epidermis Function
Outer layer of skin
Dead cells on the surface provides protection
The shedding of dead cells carries away bacteria
Some cells produce fingernails
Other cells in the epidermis produces melanin
Dermis
Inner layer of skin
Contains nerves and blood vessels
Caring for your skin
Healthy Diet
Keeping your skin clean
Limiting sun exposure
Immunity: the body’s ability to destroy
pathogens before they can cause disease
Active Immunity
When a person’s immune system produces antibodies in response to the presence of pathogen (Ex. chicken pox)
Result from either getting the disease or being vaccinated
Immune Response
T and B cells help destroy pathogen
Vaccination
Process in which harmless antigens are delibarely introduces into a person’s body to produce active immunity
Can gain active immunity
Vaccine, used for vaccination, consisst of pathogens that have been weakened or killed but can still trigger the immune system to go into action
first line of defense
: THE SURFACE OF THE SKIN, BREATHING PASSAGES, STOMACH FUNCTION
trap & kill pathogens
Skin- exposed to oil and sweat <may fall w/ dead cells>
Breathing passages- come in w/ inhale ex.nose, pharnx, etc.
Mouth & stomach- some found in food
saliva breaks down food
Second line of defense
: INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE :FLUID & WHITE BLOOD CELLS LEAK TO TISSUES
White blood cell- disease fighters
Inflammation - blood vessels widen, white blood cells transfer -> swollen
Fever- helps fight infections
THIRD LINE OF DEFENSE
: IMMUNE RESPONSE: REACTS TO EACH KIND OF PATHOGENS
Lmphocytes: white blood cell (distinguish different kind fo pathogens)
(Continued)
LYMPHOCYTES:
T cells: identify the kinf of pathogen
Antigens: from or outside of the body?
B cells: produce proteins that destroy pathogen
AIDS
AIDS: Acquired Immuneodeficiency Syndrome
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) : virus that cause AIDS
if fluids come in conctact, infection!
When you get sick
Antibiotics- helps when infected by bacteria
no medications for common cold - plenty of rest
over the counter medications-> comfortable
drink plenty of fluid
Passive immunity
: WHEN ANTIBODIES ARE GIVEN TO THE PERSON
babies need passive immunities before birth