Science Curriculum Design
Transcript of Science Curriculum Design
Science Curriculum Design(Hawai‘i International Conference on Education)
Francis M. Pottenger III, PhDJanuary 8, 2010
Inquiry is a cognitive survival mechanism of our species.
Inquiry is how we humans know and make sense of our surroundings.
In sum, inquiry is the multiple ways we discover, invent, and test answers and solutions to questions and problems, and make conclusions about their usefulness.
Inquiry is a process of considered thought in contrast to reflexive response.
Out of inquiry, we construct a mental virtual reality, an analog of our surroundings and ourselves; thus, we are constructivists; we are makers of knowledge.
We correct our mental versions of the world by personal inquiry into natural phenomena and the knowledge of others.
Infrastructure
Knowledge Generation Existing Knowledge
Informal Knowlege
•Directed by inquiring person•Personally produced knowledge •Creates a heuristic problem solutions, testing, and interpretation•Creates new knowledge
•Directed by inquiring person individual receiver•Personally, acquired knowledge •Learn of another’s problem solutions, tests, and interpretations•Learns existing knowledge
Formal Knowlege
• Directed by a community • Individual producer• Community produced knowledge •Creates a rule-based problem solutions, testing, interpretation, and community validated products•• Creates new knowledge
• Directed by a community• Individual receiver• Community instructed knowledge • Learn products of rule-based problem solving, testing, interpretation, and community validation • Learns existing knowledge
.
Associated Members Special Functions Common Function Epistemic Descriptivists, Experimentalists, and Theorists
Generating basic theoretic, experimental, and descriptive knowledge
Technological Experimentalists
Generating experimental applied knowledge
Technologists Generating applications of knowledge
Planner-Evaluators Identifying and evaluating product needs
Technical Users Evaluating product utility through use
Education
A discipline is a community of persons. A discipline is an expression of human
imagination. A discipline is a domain. A discipline is a mode of inquiry. A discipline is a tradition. A discipline is a conceptual structure. A discipline is a specialized language or other
system of symbols. A discipline is a heritage of literature and
artifacts and networks of communication. A discipline is a valuing and affective stance. A discipline is an instructive community.
Phases of Inquiry
Phases Procedures
Initiation
• Originate an Interest that results in a problematic focus
• Originate a defined problematic focus for the inquiry
Infrastructure • Identify informal path personal creation, Interpersonal learning
• Identify formal path community creation, community Instruction
learning
Invention
• Design a testable resolution of the question, problem, or need
• Design a test or way to determine the workability or the resolution
Investigation
• Create the testable resolution
• Carry out the test and analyze results
Interpretation
• Evaluate results. Researchers draw conclusions about the workability
• Evaluate conclusions. Community evaluates research conclusions
Instruction • Communicate developing knowledge • Communicate generated knowledge to community
Inquiry Modes Description Protocuriosity Accidental gain of new knowledge through environmental interactions Curiosity Search for new knowledge out of an innate need to know Replicative
Search for new knowledge by validating inquiry through duplication of known operations
Technological Search for new knowledge in satisfaction of a need through construction, production, and testing of psychomotor actions, artifacts, systems, procedures
Authoritative Search for knowledge new to the seeker in established knowledge found in artifacts and people
Evaluative Search for new knowledge about the capacity of the products to meet valuing criteria of standards
Quantitative Search for new knowledge about quantity and number Communicative Search for new knowledge ways to transmit representation of things or
events to others Inductive Search for new knowledge in correlated data patterns and generalizable
relationships in data association—a hypothesis-finding process Deductive Search for new knowledge in logical synthesis of existing knowledge—
hypothesis making process Experimental Search for new knowledge through testing predictions flowing out of
hypotheses Theoretical Search for new explanatory knowledge systems through synthesis of
multiple generalizations and hypotheses
Investigation Provide test conditions
Tes t products/ Situations
Provide test products/situations
Execute Tests Mentations as test
Use mentation protocols
Observations as test
Use observation protocols
Interactions as test
Use interaction protocols
Execute analyses Analyze propositions
Use logic analysis protocols
Analyze data Use data analysis protocols Interpretation Draw conclusions Evaluation of
resolution Provide researcher’s claim
Evaluate conclusions
Evaluations of acceptability
Provide community warrant
Instruction Communicate developing knowledge
Communications Collegial
Report on inquiry progress
Communicate Developed Knowledge
Communications to disciplinary and lay publics
Report on inquiry products
Taxonomy of Inquiry (part 2)
May not operate
Phases Proced ures Informal Structur e s Initiation • Focus Question , Investiga tion • Execute the Te s t Observatio n Interpreta tion • Evaluat e , Conclusion Instru ction • Co mmunicate Report
Proto-curiousity Structural Profile
May not operate
Phases Procedures Informal Structures Infrastructure • Generate Personal knowledge • Learn Artifacts, existing knowledge Initiation • Focus Question, problem, need Invention • Design products Emotion, discovery, prediction,
body action, description • Design test Interaction, observation Investigation • Provide test conditions Situation • Execute the test Interaction, observation Interpretation • Evaluate, individuals’
conclusions Conclusion
Curiousity Inquiry Structural Profile
May not operate
Phases Procedures Informal Structures Formal Structures Infrastructure • Generate Personal knowledge Community knowledge • Learn Existing knowledge Community instruction Initiation • Focus Need Need Invention • Design products Prediction, description Prediction, description • Design test Interaction Interaction Investigation • Provide test conditions Provide test
Products/situations Provide test Products/situations
• Execute the test and analyze
Replicate Replicate/analyze
Interpretation • Evaluate, researchers’ conclusions
Conclusion Conclusion
• Evaluate conclusions by community
Warrant
Instruction • Communicate developing knowledge
Ongoing
• Communicate generated knowledge
Publish
Replicative Structural Profile
May not operate
Phases Procedures Informal Structures
Formal Structures
Infrastructure • Generate Personal knowledge Community knowledge • Learn Existing knowledge Community
instruction Initiation • Focus Need Need Invention • Design products Emotion, prediction,
body actions, artifacts All mind products
Emotion, prediction, body actions, artifacts All mind products
• Design test/analysis Interaction, observation,
mentation
Interaction, observation,
mentation Investigation • Provide test conditions Provide test
Products/situations Provide test Products/situations
• Execute test and analyze Test Test/analyze Interpretation • Draw conclusions
researcher Conclusion Conclusion
• Evaluate conclusions by community
Warrant
Instruction • Communicate developing knowledge
Ongoing
• Communicate generated knowledge
Publish/manufacture
Technological Structural Profile
Phases Procedure Function Infrastructure Learn Learn existing knowledge Initiate Need Need to know Invention Seeks authority Discovers Investigation Test acquisition Interaction, observation Interpretation Draws conclusions •Compares with existing
knowledge? •Associates/connects with existing knowledge?
Informal Personal Learning Profile
Phases Procedure Function Infrastructure Learn Instruction in Disciplinary Knowledge Initiate Need Need to Know Invention Seeks Authority Discovers Investigation Test Acqusition Interaction, Observation Interpretation Instructor
Community Representative Evaluates
•Warrant Assimilation of Existing knowledge
May not operate
Formal Authoritative Community Instruction
May not operate
Phases Procedures Informal Formal Initiation * Focus Need Need Invention • Testable products Emotions,
discoveries, description
Emotions, discoveries, description
• Design test Interaction, observation
Interaction, observation
• Design test protocols Various Investigation • Provide test conditions Provide test
Products/situations Provide test products/situations
• Carry out the test and analyze Test Test/analyze Interpretation • Evaluate, researchers conclusions Conclusion Conclusion • Evaluate conclusions by
community Warrant
Instruction • Communicate developing knowledge
Ongoing
• Communicate generated knowledge
Publish
Evaluative Structural Profile
May not operate
Phases Procedures Informal Inquiry Formal Inquiry Infrastructure • Generate Personal Community • Learn Authority Community Instruction Initiation Focus Need, Question Need, Question Invention • Testable products Emotions, Predictions
Descriptions, Procedure
Emotions, Predictions Descriptions, Procedure Exlanation
• Design Test Interaction, Observation
Mentation
Interaction, Observation Mentation
• Design Test Protocols Logical Investigation • Provide Test
Conditions Provide Test Products/Situations
Provide Test Products/Situations
• Execute Test and Analyze
Test Test/Analyze
Interpretation • Evaluate, Researchers Conclusions
Conclusion Conclusion
• Evaluate Conclusions by Community
Warrant
Instruction • Communicate Developing Knowledge
Ongoing
• Communicate Generated Knowledge
Publish
Quantitative Structural Profile
May not operate
Phases Procedures Informal Inquiry Formal Inquiry Infrastructure • Generate Personal Community • Learn Authority Community
instruction Initiation Focus Need, question Need, question Invention • Test able products Emotions, predictions,
descriptions Emotions, predictions,
descriptions • Design test Interaction,
observation, mentation
Interaction, observation,
mentation • Design test protocols Various Investigation • Provide test conditions Provide test
Products/situations Provide test Products/situations
• Execute test and analyze
Test Test/ analyze
Interpretation • Evaluate, researchers’ conclusions
Conclusion Conclusion
• Evaluate conclusions by community
Warrant
Instruction • Communicate developing knowledge
Ongoing
• Communicate generated knowledge
Publish
Communicative Structural Profile
Phases Procedures Informal Inquiry
Formal Inquiry
Initiation Focus Problem, question Problem, Question Invention • Test able products Emotion, prediction,
explanation Emotion, Prediction, artifact, Explanation
• Design test Mentation Mentation • Design test protocols Logic Logic Investigation • Carry out test and analyze Test Test/Analyze Interpretation • Evaluate, researchers’
conclusions Conclusion Conclusion
• Evaluate conclusions by community
Warrant
Instruction • Communicate developing knowledge
Ongoing
• Communicate generated knowledge
Publish
Deductive Structural Profile
May not operate
Phases Procedures Informal Formal Infrastructure • Generate Personal Community • Learn Authority Community
instruction Initiation • Focus Need, problem,
question Need, problem, question
Invention • Testable products Emotions, discoveries, artifacts, explanation
Emotions, discoveries, artifacts, explanations
• Design test Interaction, observation,
mentation
Interaction, observation, mentation
• Design test protocols Various Investigation • Provide test conditions Provide test
Products/situations Provide test Products/situations
• Execute test and analyze Test Test/analyze Interpretation • Evaluate, researchers
conclusions Conclusion Conclusion
• Evaluate conclusions by community
Warrant
Instruction • Communicate developing knowledge
Ongoing
• Communicate generated knowledge
Publish
Deductive Structural Profile
Problem (1) Hypothesis (1)
[Deductive/Inductive Mode]
Problem (2) Find proof of hypothesis (1)
[Technological Mode]
Hypothesis (2) [Technological Mode]
Investigation (2)
[Technological Mode]
Conclusion (2) [Technological Mode]
Investigation (1) Logically, does Conclusion (2)
validate Hypothesis (1) [Deductive Mode]
Conclusion (1) Researcher’s
[Deductive Mode] Conclusion (1) Community’s
[Deductive Mode]
Phases Procedures Formal Inquiry Infrastructure • Generate Community • Learn Community instruction Initiation • Focus Questions, problems Invention • Design products Emotion, prediction, explanations • Design test/analysis Mentation Investigation • Carry out the test and analyze Test/analyze Interpretation • Evaluate, researchers
conclusions Conclusion
• Evaluate conclusions by community
Warrant
Instruction • Communicate developing knowledge
Ongoing
• Communicate generated knowledge
Publish
Theoretic Structural Profile
KNOWLEDGE GENERATION KNOWLEDGE DISSEMINATION
INITIATION • Originate interest • Originate focus
INVENTION • Create resolution • Create test
INVESTIGATION • Carry out test • Carry out analysis
INTERPRETATION • Evaluate results • Evaluate conclusions
INSTRUCTION • Communicate developing knowledge
INSTRUCTION • Communicate developed knowledge
DELIVERY ENGINEERING
TEACHER
Activity Level
STUDENT
Activity Level
Disciplinary experience delivery
Formative researcher assessment Diagnosis Facilitation
Formative class assessment Consensus formation
Understanding development
Formative researcher Assessment
Objective analysis
Sequence Level
Summative Class Assessment
Disciplinary experience
Researcher reflection
Internalization Skills and Concepts
Class reflection Internalization
Concepts consensus
Researcher reflection
Internalization Objective analysis
Sequence Level
Summative Self Assessment
CONTENT IN UPPER ELEMENTARY GRADES
TECHNOLOGY
Mental HealthSystems
Education Systems
Communication Sys.
GovernmentSystems
Merchandizing,Banking Systems
All Technologies
Music, Art, Drama, Writing
BIOLOGICAL NEED
Social Bonding
Learning
Communication
Control of Selfand Others
Acquisitiveness
Curiosity
Aesthetic Balance
DISCIPLINARYAREAS
AstronomyChemistryBiology
Earth SciencePhysicsEcology
Health
Nutrition
Information Science
Ethics
Economics
CONTENT IN LOWER ELEMENTARY GRADES
TECHNOLOGYVentilationPlumbing,Hydrology
Hunting, Gathering,Herding, Farming
Shelter CraftsSanitation
Animal BreedingMedicineTailoringSports
Transportation,Wayfinding
Family, CommunitySchooling
Language, GraphicsAll Technologies
Music, Art, Drama
BIOLOGICAL NEEDAir
Water
Food
SleepElimination
ReproductionDisease/Injury Prot.Thermal Protection
ExerciseMobility
Interpersonal BondingLearning
CommunicationCuriousity
Aesthetic Bonding
SCIENCEDescriptiveMeteorology
Natural History
DescriptiveAstronomy
flexible, interactive tool that allows the user to explore new ideas, build on ideas, jog memories, and explore knowledge status
interactive involving teacher and student
student(s) attempts to invent an answer to satisfy teacher’s testing question and teacher invents next testing question to guide student’s response in desired pathway
What is Socratic Inquiry
DASH Grade 2 Concept and Skill Inventory
Name:
Date:
Concepts Understanding
1. calendar no yes teach 2. weather no yes teach 3. rainfall no yes teach 4. wind no yes teach 5. moonset no yes teach 6. prediction no yes teach