Global 10Seim Name ________________________________________

Napoleon Vocabulary

Use your books, class dictionaries or computers to write in the definitions for the following vocabulary words:

Coup de e’tat

Descendent

Legitimate

Manifested

Regulate

Hereditary

Enterprise

Napoleonic Code

Internal

Exile

Congress of Vienna

Boundary

Stability

Scorched Earth policy

Restoration

Analyze the following documents and answer the accompanying questions. Document 1

Bonaparte Crossing the Grand Saint-Bernard Pass by Jérôme-Martin Langlois and Jacques-Louis David, 1802.

Napoleon on his Imperial throne. by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, 1806.

Napoléon Bonaparte abdicated in

Fontainebleau by Paul Delaroche, 1845

1. According to these images, how did the view of Napoleon change over time? Explain.

Document 2November 1799: Napoleon overthrows the Directory and declares himself First Consul of France

Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) was also known as Napoleon I. He was a French military leader and emperor who conquered much of Europe in the early 19th century. During a coup d’état, he took power in France in 1799.

2. What was happening in France in 1799 that allowed Napoleon’s Coup to be successful?

Document 3It codified several branches of law, including commercial and criminal law, and divided civil law into categories of property and family. The Napoleonic Code made the authority of men over their families stronger, deprived women of any individual rights, and reduced the rights of illegitimate children. All male citizens were also granted equal rights under the law and the right to religious dissent, but colonial slavery was reintroduced. The laws were applied to all territories under Napoleon’s control and were influential in several other European countries and in South America.

This code became the basis for many modern legal codes in Europe.

3. How did the Napoleonic code reflect ideas of the French Revolution?

Document 4The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815) were a series of battles between the French led by Napoleon Bonaparte and other European powers. The Napoleonic Wars were caused by lingering problems from the French Revolution such as the wars that began in 1792. These conflicts in France spilled over into other regions of Europe, creating instability. During the Napoleonic Wars, Napoleon Bonaparte had many victories.

4. How do you think the people in these newly conquered lands reacted to being taken over by France and to the ideas of the revolution and Napoleonic Code?

Document 5The internal situation of France is today as calm as it has ever been in the most peaceful periods. There is no agitation to disturb the public tranquility, no suggestion of those crimes which recall the Revolution. Everywhere useful enterprises are in progress, and the general improvements, both public and private, attest the universal confidence and sense of security …

It was clearly seen that for a great nation the only salvation lies in hereditary power [power based on family relation], which can alone assure a continuous political life which may endure for generations, even for centuries …

After prolonged consideration, repeated conferences with the members of the Senate, discussion in the councils, and the suggestions of the most prudent [wise] advisers, a series of provisions [rules] was drawn up which regulate the succession to the imperial throne… The French people, by a free and independent expression, then manifested its desire that the imperial dignity should pass down in a direct line through the legitimate or adopted descendants of Napoleon Bonaparte, or through the legitimate descendants of Joseph Bonaparte, or of Louis Bonaparte.

1804-Napoleon crowns himself emperor of France.

5. Why do you think Napoleon crowned himself emperor and why do you think the people did not revolt?

Document 6

On June 24, 1812, the Grande Armée, led by French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, crossed the Neman River, invading Russia from present-day Poland. The result was a disaster for the French. 

The Russian army refused to engage with Napoleon’s Grande Armée of more than 500,000 European troops. They simply retreated into the Russian interior. The Grande Armée did not have the supplies or the distribution networks required for such a long march. French strategists assumed the Grande Armée would be supplied by wagons, or would be able to gather supplies as they went. Russian roads, however, were in very poor condition, making it very difficult to transport supplies. The Grande Armée also failed to prepare for Russia’s harsh winter. Its troops were not dressed or trained for the kind of weather they faced. 

The invasion lasted six months, and the Grande Armée lost more than 300,000 men. Russia lost more than 200,000. A single battle (the Battle of Borodino) resulted in more than 70,000 casualties in one day. The invasion of Russia effectively halted Napoleon’s march across Europe, and resulted in his first exile, to the Mediterranean island of Elba.

6. How do you think Napoleon’s defeat impacted his popularity and strength as a ruler? Do you think he could trust his allies? Explain.

Document 7After the Congress of Vienna, France’s borders were re-drawn and government constitution was re-written.

Louis XVIII (Louis XVI’ brother) was the first ruler of the restored monarchy following the French Revolution and Napoleon’s loss of power. Louis XVIII organized a constitutional monarchy. This was his attempt to balance his power with the demands of those who supported the French Revolution. Under this government, Louis XVIII’s power was restricted by the constitution called the Charter of 1814. There was an advisory parliament that voted on laws and approved the budget. The return of Louis XVIII was a constitutional monarchy as compared to the previous French governments which were absolute monarchies where the monarch had absolute and unlimited power.

7. Why do you think the leaders of Europe decided to restore the Bourbon dynasty (Louis XVI’s family) to power?

Use chapter 7, section 3 in your textbook and the documents in this packet to THOROUGHLY complete the chart below.

Event How did this event help the French people reach their revolutionary goals?November 1799: Napoleon overthrows the Directory and declares himself First Consul (ruler) of France

1802: After a public vote of support, a constitutional amendment is passed and Napoleon is made First Consul for life.

1803-1815: Napoleonic Wars

1804: Napoleonic Code is passed in France. As the Napoleonic wars continue, this code is spread to all conquered kingdoms.

December 1804: Napoleon declared himself Emperor of France and reinstituted hereditary rule

November 1814-June 1815: At the Congress of Vienna European Powers Redraw European Map and Louis XVIII (Louis XVI’s brother) Installed as the King of France

Overall, write a thorough paragraph and explain the extent to which the French Revolution was successful. Use evidence and examples to back up your claim.

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________