Comparing types of change in ecosystems SB4c Primary vs. secondary succession.
School Students Competitions for Secondary New Types of ...
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New Types of PhysicsCompetitions for Secondary
School Students
Dr. Zsuzsanna Rajkovits and Árpád DrozdyDepartment of General Physics
Eötvös University, Budapest, Hungary
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Importance of the competitions
• open new possibilities to extend thestudents’ knowledge in physics and othersciences
• prove the individual abilities of students• their capability to work in a team• students’ results are in connection with the
educational and scientific level of theparticipating countries
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International PhysicsCompetitions
• International Physics OlympiadIPhO
• International Conference of YoungScientistsICYS
• International Young Physicists’TournamentIYPT
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International Conference ofYoung Scientists
(ICYS)
• Founders:
Eötvös University, Budapest, Hungary,Zsuzsanna Rajkovits(email: [email protected])
Belarus State University, Minsk, Belarus,Leonid Markovich(email:[email protected])
• (http://metal.elte.hu/~icys)
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The aim of the organizers• to acquaint the secondary school students with
the methods of scientific research- from the pointing up the topic- to summing up the results of the
research in a foreign-language lecture
• to give challenging opportunity for the youngscientists to measure their strength in aninternational field
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Individual competition(one lecturer)
• physics• mathematics• computer science (robotic)• environmental sciences (ecology)
(as applied chemistry, physics, biology, geology, meteorology)
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Characteristic features ofICYS
• research report (ten-minute)• subject chosen from any part of the
mentioned sciences• language: English• short scientific discussion• international jury• prefer experimental investigation
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History of ICYS 1994-2002
• Participating countries:Belarus, Hungary, Russia, Ukraine, Georgia,Yugoslavia, The Netherlands, Greece, Macedonia,Singapore, Poland, Slovakia, Czech Republic, India,USA, Germany, Finland
• Lectures: yearly approximately 60-70 lectures• Participants: annually about 100-120• Participation fee: 100 USD/person• Duration of ICYS: nearly a week
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Organizers of ICYSHungary, Visegrád (1994, 1996, 1998)Belarus, Baranavichi (1995, 1997, 1999)The Netherlands, Nijmegen (2000)Poland, Katowice (2001)Georgia, Kutaisi (2002)Czech Republic, Prague (2003)The next potential organizers:
The Netherlands, Nijmegen (2004)Poland, Katowice (2005)Germany (2006)
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Importance in teaching thestudents
• to do research work• to present their own results• to formulate research reports
in foreign languages• to write contribution
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ICYS 2001
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Kutaisi, Georgia
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Hungarian student in physicssection
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Discussion
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IYPT in Hungary
• Hungarian team’s preparatory work:Eötvös University, Department of
General Physics, Budapest
• Organization of IYPT13th IYPT 2000 Budapest, Hungary
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Preparatory work in Hungary
• Publication of the problems in Hungarianlanguage (KöMaL, Mathematical and
Physical Journal for Secondary SchoolStudents) (November, December)
• sending of the solutions (March, April)(3-4 solutions for every student)
• selection of the students (March, April) presentation of a solved problem in English,jury
• composition of the Hungarian team
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Intensive traning of the teamEötvös University, Budapest
• lectures (university professors, specialists)• experimenting (video recording)• learning to work in TEAM• modelling of the phenomenon• formulation the reports (each team
member is responsible for 3-4 problems )• presentation of lectures
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Problems of IYPT
• Kapitza's school's problems(open-ended problems)
• from every day life and nature• from various fields of physics• from the boundary areas of physics with
other sciences• „up-to date” problems
(nowadays investigated)
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Everyday life and natureJet-spread
A water jet falling onto a horizontal plane spreadsout radially. At some distance from the center thethickness of the layer increases dramatically.Explain the phenomenon.
Tea cupIf one fills a cup with hot tea, a thin layer ofsteam emerges above the surface. One can seethat some parts of the steam layer disappersuddenly and reapper after a few seconds.Investigate and explain this phenomenon.
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„Up-to-date” problemsLiquid fingers
When a layer of hot salt solution lies above a layerof cold water, the interface between the twolayers becomes unstable and a structureresembling fingers develops in the fluid.Investigate and explain this phenomenon.
Coloured sandAllow a mixture of differently coloured, granularmaterials to trickle into a transparent, narrowcontainer. The materials build up in distinct bands.Investigate and explain this phenomenon.
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Various fields of physicsFlotation
A piece of chocolate, which is dropped into a glassof soda water, periodically sinks and goes back tothe surface. Investigate the dependence of theperiod of these oscillations on various parameters.
CohererIt is known that a glass tube with two electrodesand metallic filing between them (coherer) hasdifferent resistance in d.c. and a.c. current.Investigate the frequency dependence ofcoherer's resistance!
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Boundary areas of physicswith other sciences
Blue bloodHuman blood is known to be red, but theveins seem to be blue. Explain thisphenomenon and illustrate it by a model.
Aspen leafEven in windless weather aspen leavestremble slightly. Why does an aspen leaftremble?
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Solution of a problem
• the problems seem simple• solution is difficult• own approach and method, creativity• the solution developed during
discussion
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Students need our help:
• in finding appropriate literature• in learning things which are not in the
plan of physics education in thesecondary schools
• in making some experiments by deviceswhich they do not have in their schools
• in the composition of the report• in writing an article
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Successful participation(team composition)
• experimental work• theoretical consideration• applying the information technology• skill in presentation
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Educational value of thecompetitions
• working method is similar to the methodsof the research work in science
• team work• successful future career• friendship• beginning of an international co-operation• acquaintance with different countries,
cultures, traditions
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The results of HungaryWinner:
1991 Moscow, Russia1997 Cheb, Czech Republic
Second place:1993 Protvino, Russia1995 Spala, Poland
Third place:1994 Groningen, The Netherlands1996 Kutaisi, Georgia1998 Donaueschingen, Germany1999 Vienna, Austria2001 Espoo, Finland2002 Odessa, Ukraine
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Visit in the Chemistry lab of YouthPalace, Katowice
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Georgia, Gelati monastery
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Georgia, Kutaisi, tradition