School Discipline Institute

“Meeting the Challenge”2012 Safe & Healthy Students Conference

Washington DC

George SugaiOSEP Center on PBIS

Center for Behavioral Education & ResearchUniversity of Connecticut

August 9 2012

www.pbis.org www.cber.orgGeorge.sugai@uconn.edu

Getting Tough

Teaching to Corner

Nov 1985 KappanSchool Discipline

Challenge:Academic & behavior success (failure) are

linked!

“Students w/ disabilities are almost 2x as likely to be suspended from school as nondisabled students, w/ the highest rates among black children w/ disabilities.”

NYTimes, M. Rich Aug 7 2012

• 13% w/ v. 7% w/o• 1 in 4 black K-12 students

High suspension correlated w/ • Low achievement• Dropout• Juvenile incarceration

>1 Susp. 1 Year

• 1 in 6 black • 1 in 13 Amer Indian• 1 in 14 Latinos• 1 in 20 Whites

Not correlated w/ race of staff

Dan Losen & Jonathan GillespieCenter for Civil Rights Remedies at

UCLA

Intermediate/senior high school with 880

students reported over 5,100 office discipline

referrals in one academic year. Nearly 2/3 of

students had received at least 1 office discipline

referral.

“Take a Number”

5,100 referrals (odr)

@ 15 min/odr = 76,500 min

= 1,275 hrs admin time

@ 8 hr/day 159 days

Administrative Impact

5,100 referrals (odr)

@ 45 min/odr = 229,500 min

= 3,825 hrs instruction

@ 7 hr/day = 546 days

Instructional Impact

Give Priority to Effective Practices

Less Effective

Label Student

Exclude Student

Blame Family

Punish Student

Assign Restitution

Require Apology

More Effective

Invest in School-Wide

Teach & Reinf Soc Sk

Actively Supervise & Prevent

Individualization based on Competence

Consider Culture & Context

“Early Triangle”

Walker, Knitzer, Reid, et al., CDC

(Walker et al., 1995, p. 201)

Prevention Logic

• Reduce # new• Reduce intensity of existing

Primary Prevention:School-/Classroom-Wide Systems for

All Students,Staff, & Settings

Secondary Prevention:Specialized Group

Systems for Students with At-Risk Behavior

Tertiary Prevention:Specialized

IndividualizedSystems for Students

with High-Risk Behavior

~80% of Students

~15%

~5%

CONTINUUM OFSCHOOL-WIDE

INSTRUCTIONAL & POSITIVE BEHAVIOR

SUPPORT

ALL

SOME

FEW

Horner, Lewis, Sugai, Todd, Walker…1995

Universal

Targeted

Intensive

All

Some

FewContinuum of Support for

ALL

Dec 7, 2007

Universal

Targeted

IntensiveContinuum of Support for

ALL“Theora”

Dec 7, 2007

Science

Soc Studies

Reading

Math

Soc skills

Basketball

Spanish

Label behavior…not people

Writing

Tech

Universal

Targeted

IntensiveContinuum of

Support:“Molcom”

Dec 7, 2007

Prob Sol.

Coop play

Adult rel.

Anger man.

Attend.

Peer interac

Ind. play

Align behavioral supports

Self-assess

Acc. Fdbk

ESTABLISHING CONTINUUM of SWPBS

SECONDARY PREVENTION• Check in/out• Targeted social skills

instruction• Peer-based supports• Social skills club•

TERTIARY PREVENTION• Function-based support• Wraparound• Person-centered planning• •

PRIMARY PREVENTION• Teach SW expectations• Proactive SW discipline• Positive reinforcement• Effective instruction• Parent engagement•

SECONDARY PREVENTION• • • • •

TERTIARY PREVENTION• • • • •

PRIMARY PREVENTION• • • • • •

Homework

SYST

EMS

PRACTICES

DATA

SupportingStaff Behavior

SupportingStudent Behavior

OUTCOMES

Supporting Social Competence &

Academic Achievement

SupportingDecisionMaking

Vincent, Randall, Cartledge, Tobin, & Swain-Bradway 2011; Sugai, O’Keeffe, &

Fallon, in press

CULTURALLYRELEVANT

CULTURALLYVALID

CULTURALLYSKILLED

CULTURALLYEQUITABLE

Basic“Logic”

SYST

EMS

PRACTICES

DATATraining

+Coaching

+Evaluation

Cultural/Context Considerations

Improve “Fit”

Start w/ effective,

efficient, & relevant, doable

Prepare & support

implementation

ImplementationFidelity

MaximumStudent

Outcomes

PreK-K Elementary Middle High PreK-8 PreK-12 Others0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

12.4 - Mean Percentage Students (2010-11 Reg Ed) (Majors Only)

Students 0 or 1 Students 2 to 5 Students 6+

N = 2979 889 390 254

2%

7%

91%

5%

12%

83%

7%

15%

78%

4%

10%

86%

Most are responsive…but

some need a bit more.

PreK-K Elementary Middle High PreK-8 PreK-12 Others0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100% 12.5 - Mean Percentage ODRs (2010-11 Reg Ed) (Majors Only)

Students 0 or 1 Students 2 to 5 Students 6+

N = 2979 889 390 254

% of Students 9% 17% 22% 14%

33%

41%

25%

42%

39%

19%

44%

38%

17%

40%

39%

21%

75% 81% 83% 79%

And we know who they are!

“Multi-Tiered Systems of Support”….

Whole-school, data-driven,

prevention-based framework for

improving learning outcomes for

all students through layered

continuum of evidence-based

practices & systems

Funding Visibility PolicyPoliticalSupport

Training CoachingBehavioral Expertise

Evaluation

LEADERSHIP TEAM(Coordination)

Local School/District Implementation Demonstrations

SWPBS Implementation

Blueprint

www.pbis.org