School School AccessibilityAccessibility

An Overview for Professionals and An Overview for Professionals and NewcomersNewcomers

Griff CampbellGriff CampbellDivision of Vocational Division of Vocational

RehabilitationRehabilitationDelaware Department of LaborDelaware Department of Labor

Michael Gamel-McCormickMichael Gamel-McCormickCenter for Disabilities StudiesCenter for Disabilities Studies

University of DelawareUniversity of Delaware

What will we cover today?What will we cover today?

►Legislative backgroundLegislative background►Physical accessibility requirementsPhysical accessibility requirements►Educational accessibility guidelinesEducational accessibility guidelines►Resources for supportResources for support►Funding strategiesFunding strategies

But first…But first…

►Take out a piece of paper and pen or Take out a piece of paper and pen or pencilpencil

►Relax and take a moment to think about Relax and take a moment to think about your typical dayyour typical day

►From the moment you leave your house From the moment you leave your house or apartment, what do you need to do or apartment, what do you need to do to get into and settled at your to get into and settled at your workplace ready to work?workplace ready to work?

►Write down as many of the steps as Write down as many of the steps as possiblepossible

Now…Now…

► Think back to when you were a student inThink back to when you were a student in High schoolHigh school Middle schoolMiddle school Elementary schoolElementary school PreschoolPreschool

► From the moment you left your house or From the moment you left your house or apartment, what did you need to do to get apartment, what did you need to do to get to and settled in at school?to and settled in at school?

►Write down as many of the steps as possibleWrite down as many of the steps as possible

School Accessibility should be School Accessibility should be about…about…

►Making sure that all students and their Making sure that all students and their families canfamilies can Get to schoolGet to school Get in schoolGet in school Interact with students, teachers, staff, and Interact with students, teachers, staff, and

administration at schooladministration at school Access the curriculum at schoolAccess the curriculum at school Participate in all activities at school, Participate in all activities at school,

including extra-curricular activitiesincluding extra-curricular activities

Legislative BackgroundLegislative Background

Architectural Barriers ActArchitectural Barriers Act (1968)—first substantial (1968)—first substantial federal law requiring accessibility to all buildings and federal law requiring accessibility to all buildings and facilities financed with federal funds (which includes facilities financed with federal funds (which includes most school buildings); requires access to facilities most school buildings); requires access to facilities designed, built, altered, or leased with federal funds designed, built, altered, or leased with federal funds after 1968; requires buildings and facilities covered after 1968; requires buildings and facilities covered by the law meet accessibility standards. by the law meet accessibility standards.

Uniform Federal Accessibility StandardsUniform Federal Accessibility Standards cover walks, cover walks, ramps, curb ramps, entrances, elevators, and rest ramps, curb ramps, entrances, elevators, and rest rooms; indicate how many of a certain item, such as rooms; indicate how many of a certain item, such as accessible parking spaces, are required, where they accessible parking spaces, are required, where they must be located, and how they must be built or must be located, and how they must be built or installed so they can be used by everyone; given installed so they can be used by everyone; given structural constraints, it was difficult to retrofit structural constraints, it was difficult to retrofit buildings to attain compliance with the law. buildings to attain compliance with the law.

Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (1977)— (1977)—addendum to the Rehab Act; landmark ruling addendum to the Rehab Act; landmark ruling contains the strongest legislative language requiring contains the strongest legislative language requiring all new construction and newly-altered facilities to all new construction and newly-altered facilities to be accessible; all postsecondary institutions be accessible; all postsecondary institutions receiving federal funds must provide individuals receiving federal funds must provide individuals with disabilities accessibility to programs and with disabilities accessibility to programs and activities.activities.

Americans with Disabilities ActAmericans with Disabilities Act (1990)—the most wide- (1990)—the most wide-ranging and specific law for accessibility; expands ranging and specific law for accessibility; expands legislation to apply to legislation to apply to allall public and commercial public and commercial facilities; provides precise and extensive definitions facilities; provides precise and extensive definitions of reasonable accommodations; the of reasonable accommodations; the ADA Accessibility GuidelinesADA Accessibility Guidelines standardized standardized accessibility definitions for such items as door frame accessibility definitions for such items as door frame widths, ramp elevations and turning radiuses, widths, ramp elevations and turning radiuses, elevator dimensions, handrail heights, Braille signs, elevator dimensions, handrail heights, Braille signs, and many other architectural elements. and many other architectural elements.

Legislative Background Legislative Background (continued)(continued)

Physical Accessibility to Physical Accessibility to SchoolSchool

► ParkingParking► Curbs, walkways Curbs, walkways

and rampsand ramps► Entrances, Entrances,

corridors, stairs, corridors, stairs, elevatorselevators

►OfficesOffices► ClassroomsClassrooms► LibrariesLibraries

► CafeteriaCafeteria► Assembly areasAssembly areas► BathroomsBathrooms► StadiumsStadiums► Alarms and warning Alarms and warning

systemssystems

Physical Accessibility:Physical Accessibility:Parking SpacesParking Spaces

► ALL lots must have spaces designated for persons with ALL lots must have spaces designated for persons with disabilities; symbol must be visible when a vehicle is disabilities; symbol must be visible when a vehicle is parked in the space.parked in the space.

► At least 2% of all parking spaces in each lot must be At least 2% of all parking spaces in each lot must be accessible and must be located on the shortest accessible and must be located on the shortest possible accessible route to an accessible building possible accessible route to an accessible building entrance entrance

► Spaces must be a minimum of 8 feet wide with an Spaces must be a minimum of 8 feet wide with an access aisle that has a minimum width of 5 feet and access aisle that has a minimum width of 5 feet and length of 20 feet length of 20 feet

► For every eight accessible spaces, one space must be For every eight accessible spaces, one space must be marked for vansmarked for vans

► Passenger loading zones (e.g., bus loading zones) must Passenger loading zones (e.g., bus loading zones) must provide an access aisle adjacent and parallel to the provide an access aisle adjacent and parallel to the vehicle pull-up space vehicle pull-up space

► If there are curbs between the access aisle and the If there are curbs between the access aisle and the vehicle pull-up space, then an vehicle pull-up space, then an accessible curb rampaccessible curb ramp must be provided. must be provided.

Physical Accessibility:Physical Accessibility:Curbs, Walkways, and Curbs, Walkways, and

RampsRamps ► The simplest and most effective solutions for negotiating the The simplest and most effective solutions for negotiating the

campus terrain are curb ramps and ramps.campus terrain are curb ramps and ramps.

► Curb ramps must be provided wherever an accessible route Curb ramps must be provided wherever an accessible route crosses a curb. Curb cuts MUST be kept clear of obstacles!crosses a curb. Curb cuts MUST be kept clear of obstacles!

► Ground, walk, and floor surfaces along accessible routes are Ground, walk, and floor surfaces along accessible routes are to be stable, firm, and slip-resistant under all weather to be stable, firm, and slip-resistant under all weather conditions.     conditions.    

► The maximum slope of a ramp should be 1:12 or 1 inch of The maximum slope of a ramp should be 1:12 or 1 inch of vertical rise for every 12 inches of horizontal distance and vertical rise for every 12 inches of horizontal distance and have a landing with a 5 foot turning radius at the top and the have a landing with a 5 foot turning radius at the top and the bottom. bottom.

► Handrails on both sides are required on sidewalks and ramps Handrails on both sides are required on sidewalks and ramps with a vertical elevation rise greater than 6 inches or a with a vertical elevation rise greater than 6 inches or a horizontal run greater than 6 feet. horizontal run greater than 6 feet.

Physical Accessibility:Physical Accessibility:Entrances, Corridors, Stairs, & Entrances, Corridors, Stairs, &

ElevatorsElevators ► EntrancesEntrances::

There should be a smooth transition to the closest accessible There should be a smooth transition to the closest accessible building entrancebuilding entrance

Accessible entrances must be visible/clearly marked from the Accessible entrances must be visible/clearly marked from the accessible parkingaccessible parking

Primary entrances must be unlocked or a signaling device Primary entrances must be unlocked or a signaling device available if the entrance must be locked during certain hoursavailable if the entrance must be locked during certain hours

Minimum entrance clearance is 32 inches wide with a Minimum entrance clearance is 32 inches wide with a minimum of 60 x 60 inches of level space centered in front of minimum of 60 x 60 inches of level space centered in front of the accessible entrancethe accessible entrance

Doors at accessible exterior entrances must be able to be Doors at accessible exterior entrances must be able to be opened with 8.5 lbs. of forceopened with 8.5 lbs. of force

Interior doors must be able to be opened with 5 or less lbs. of Interior doors must be able to be opened with 5 or less lbs. of forceforce

All handles, pulls, latches, locks, and other operating devices All handles, pulls, latches, locks, and other operating devices on accessible doors must be easily grasped with one hand on accessible doors must be easily grasped with one hand

Hardware for accessible door passages must be mounted no Hardware for accessible door passages must be mounted no higher than 48” higher than 48”

Physical Accessibility Physical Accessibility (continued):(continued):

Entrances, Corridors, Stairs, & Entrances, Corridors, Stairs, & ElevatorsElevators► Corridors and Stairs:Corridors and Stairs:

Protruding and hanging objects (e.g., telephones) with a Protruding and hanging objects (e.g., telephones) with a leading edge 27 to 80 inches above the floor, can protrude leading edge 27 to 80 inches above the floor, can protrude no more than 4 inches into the path of travel.no more than 4 inches into the path of travel.

Walks, halls, corridors, passageways, aisles, or other Walks, halls, corridors, passageways, aisles, or other circulation spaces are required to have a minimum head circulation spaces are required to have a minimum head clearance of 80 inches. clearance of 80 inches.

Risers on stairs and steps must be closed and have a Risers on stairs and steps must be closed and have a uniform height of 4 to 7 inches. Stair treads must have a uniform height of 4 to 7 inches. Stair treads must have a uniform depth of 11 inches or more. Stair treads must have uniform depth of 11 inches or more. Stair treads must have non-slip surfaces. non-slip surfaces.

Handrails on the sides of stairs must extend at least 12 Handrails on the sides of stairs must extend at least 12 inches beyond the top riser and 12 inches plus the width of inches beyond the top riser and 12 inches plus the width of one tread beyond the bottom tread. Handrails must be one tread beyond the bottom tread. Handrails must be mounted 34 to 38 inches above the tread. There must be a mounted 34 to 38 inches above the tread. There must be a clear space of exactly 1-1/2 inches between the handrail clear space of exactly 1-1/2 inches between the handrail and the walland the wall

Physical Accessibility Physical Accessibility (continued):(continued):

Entrances, Corridors, Stairs, & Entrances, Corridors, Stairs, & ElevatorsElevators► ElevatorsElevators::

The facility must have a passenger elevator, on the typical route of The facility must have a passenger elevator, on the typical route of passage, that provides access to all levels of the facility. passage, that provides access to all levels of the facility.

Elevators must have minimum side dimensions of 54 x 80 inches and Elevators must have minimum side dimensions of 54 x 80 inches and a clear door opening of 36 inches. a clear door opening of 36 inches.

The elevator is to stop within 1/2 inch above or below the outside The elevator is to stop within 1/2 inch above or below the outside floor surface on each level. The elevator should be equipped with a floor surface on each level. The elevator should be equipped with a safety system that automatically opens the door when it becomes safety system that automatically opens the door when it becomes obstructed by an object or a person.obstructed by an object or a person.

All buttons are to be at least 3/4 inches in diameter with Braille and All buttons are to be at least 3/4 inches in diameter with Braille and raised lettering located to the left of each control or button. All raised lettering located to the left of each control or button. All controls or buttons on the elevator control panel are to be mounted controls or buttons on the elevator control panel are to be mounted no higher than 48 inches from the floor. There must be both visual no higher than 48 inches from the floor. There must be both visual and audible signals used to identify direction of elevator travel.and audible signals used to identify direction of elevator travel.

► Areas of RescueAreas of Rescue Except in fully sprinkled buildings, there must be an area of rescue Except in fully sprinkled buildings, there must be an area of rescue

assistance that is identified by a sign and meets one of the following assistance that is identified by a sign and meets one of the following requirements:requirements: ► Smoke-proof stairway landing, exterior exit balcony, one-hour fire Smoke-proof stairway landing, exterior exit balcony, one-hour fire

restrictive corridor, fire-resistive vestibule, stairway landing within an exit restrictive corridor, fire-resistive vestibule, stairway landing within an exit enclosure which is ventedenclosure which is vented

Physical Accessibility:Physical Accessibility:Offices and ClassroomsOffices and Classrooms

► All public spacesAll public spaces must be accessible. This includes offices, must be accessible. This includes offices, meeting rooms, classrooms, laboratories, auditoriums, meeting rooms, classrooms, laboratories, auditoriums, cafeterias, bookstores, and libraries. Accessible rooms and cafeterias, bookstores, and libraries. Accessible rooms and spaces are to be centrally located in the facility to prevent spaces are to be centrally located in the facility to prevent unnecessarily long travel for people with mobility or visual unnecessarily long travel for people with mobility or visual impairments. impairments.

► Floors must be non-slip, level, and negotiable by persons in Floors must be non-slip, level, and negotiable by persons in wheelchairs or with other mobility aidswheelchairs or with other mobility aids

► There must be adequate space for seating at least two people There must be adequate space for seating at least two people using wheelchairs. The spaces for people using wheelchairs using wheelchairs. The spaces for people using wheelchairs are required to be dispersed throughout the room within easy are required to be dispersed throughout the room within easy viewing of the presentation or activity and placed near viewing of the presentation or activity and placed near accessible exits. A temporary ramp for a podium or head table accessible exits. A temporary ramp for a podium or head table must be available. must be available.

► Aisles between tables must be at least 36” wide; spaces for Aisles between tables must be at least 36” wide; spaces for wheelchair access at the tables must be at least 30” wide; wheelchair access at the tables must be at least 30” wide; tables must have a clear opening for knee space of at least tables must have a clear opening for knee space of at least 27” height, 30” width, and 19” depth; top surface of the table 27” height, 30” width, and 19” depth; top surface of the table needs to be 28” to 34” from the floor.needs to be 28” to 34” from the floor.

Physical Accessibility:Physical Accessibility:LibrariesLibraries

► Libraries have special requirements for making their facilities Libraries have special requirements for making their facilities accessible; specifically, they must ensure that the design of accessible; specifically, they must ensure that the design of reading and study areas, stacks, reference rooms, reserve areas, reading and study areas, stacks, reference rooms, reserve areas, and special collections are accessibleand special collections are accessible

► At least 5%, or a minimum of one, of fixed seating areas, tables, At least 5%, or a minimum of one, of fixed seating areas, tables, and study carrels in reading and study areas must be accessible and study carrels in reading and study areas must be accessible to individuals who use wheelchairs; clearance between fixed to individuals who use wheelchairs; clearance between fixed accessible tables and study carrels must be 36” to allow passage accessible tables and study carrels must be 36” to allow passage of a single wheelchair, with a preferred aisle space of 42”of a single wheelchair, with a preferred aisle space of 42”

► At least one lane in all check-out areas must have a counter At least one lane in all check-out areas must have a counter which is at least 36” in length with a maximum height of 36”; this which is at least 36” in length with a maximum height of 36”; this lane must be on an accessible route; if there are traffic control or lane must be on an accessible route; if there are traffic control or book security gates, an accessible gate or door must be provided book security gates, an accessible gate or door must be provided

► For card catalogs, magazine displays, and computer terminal, the For card catalogs, magazine displays, and computer terminal, the lowest shelf must be 18” above the floor; the preferred maximum lowest shelf must be 18” above the floor; the preferred maximum reach height for such areas is 48” from the ground; the minimum reach height for such areas is 48” from the ground; the minimum clear aisle width between stacks is 36”, with a preferred aisle clear aisle width between stacks is 36”, with a preferred aisle space of 42” space of 42”

Physical Accessibility:Physical Accessibility:Cafeterias and RestaurantsCafeterias and Restaurants

► Accessible seating an integral part of the overall seating plan so that Accessible seating an integral part of the overall seating plan so that people who use wheelchairs are not isolated from otherspeople who use wheelchairs are not isolated from others

► Food service areas must be accessible for reaching food items, Food service areas must be accessible for reaching food items, utensils, and condimentsutensils, and condiments

► At least 5% of fixed tables must be accessible At least 5% of fixed tables must be accessible ► The same services and decor are provided in an accessible space The same services and decor are provided in an accessible space

usable by the general public; and the accessible areas are not usable by the general public; and the accessible areas are not restricted to use by people with disabilities. restricted to use by people with disabilities.

► Food service lines must be accessibleFood service lines must be accessible► For self-service shelves at least 50% must be within the following For self-service shelves at least 50% must be within the following

reach ranges: reach ranges: a maximum height of 48” and forward reach of 15” or for side approach, a a maximum height of 48” and forward reach of 15” or for side approach, a

maximum height of 54” and at least 9” above the floor. maximum height of 54” and at least 9” above the floor. All self-service shelves and dispensing devices for tableware, dishware, All self-service shelves and dispensing devices for tableware, dishware,

condiments, food and beverages must accessiblecondiments, food and beverages must accessible► Vending machines should be within the following reach ranges: Vending machines should be within the following reach ranges:

For forward approach, a maximum height of 48 inches and forward reach For forward approach, a maximum height of 48 inches and forward reach of 15 inches or of 15 inches or

For side approach, a maximum height of 54 inches and at least 9 inches For side approach, a maximum height of 54 inches and at least 9 inches above the floor.above the floor.

Physical Accessibility:Physical Accessibility:Assembly AreasAssembly Areas

► Wheelchair areas must be part of any fixed seating plan; seating must be Wheelchair areas must be part of any fixed seating plan; seating must be arranged so that people with physical disabilities have a choice comparable to arranged so that people with physical disabilities have a choice comparable to those for members of the general publicthose for members of the general public

► Front or rear seat access must have a minimum space of 48” deep by 66” wide; Front or rear seat access must have a minimum space of 48” deep by 66” wide; side accessed seating must have a minimum space of 60” deep by 66” wide; all side accessed seating must have a minimum space of 60” deep by 66” wide; all seating must connect to an accessible route seating must connect to an accessible route

► At least one companion fixed seat must be provided next to each wheelchair At least one companion fixed seat must be provided next to each wheelchair seating areaseating area

► When seating capacity exceeds 300, wheelchair spaces must be provided in more When seating capacity exceeds 300, wheelchair spaces must be provided in more than one locationthan one location

► Wheelchair seating must be arranged to have a line of sight comparable to the Wheelchair seating must be arranged to have a line of sight comparable to the general publicgeneral public

► In standing assembly areas wheelchair locations must provide a line of sight over In standing assembly areas wheelchair locations must provide a line of sight over standing spectators standing spectators

► Changes in the floor level greater than 1/2 inch must be accomplished by means Changes in the floor level greater than 1/2 inch must be accomplished by means of an of an accessible rampaccessible ramp

► If carpet is used, then it must be securely attached, have a firm cushion, pad, or If carpet is used, then it must be securely attached, have a firm cushion, pad, or backing, or no cushion or pad; have a level loop, textured loop, level cut pile, or backing, or no cushion or pad; have a level loop, textured loop, level cut pile, or level cut/uncut pile texture; and have a pile thickness of 1/2 inch or less level cut/uncut pile texture; and have a pile thickness of 1/2 inch or less

► Requirements for assistive listening systems (ALS) are specific to the venue; types Requirements for assistive listening systems (ALS) are specific to the venue; types include: magnetic induction loops and infra-red and radio frequency systemsinclude: magnetic induction loops and infra-red and radio frequency systems

► If the listening system is to serve individual fixed seats, then these seats must be If the listening system is to serve individual fixed seats, then these seats must be located within a 50 feet viewing distance of the stage or playing area with a located within a 50 feet viewing distance of the stage or playing area with a complete view of the stage or playing areacomplete view of the stage or playing area

Physical Accessibility:Physical Accessibility:BathroomsBathrooms

► Accessible bathrooms for each gender must be clearly marked with an Accessible bathrooms for each gender must be clearly marked with an International Symbol of Accessibility sign, must to be mounted 60” International Symbol of Accessibility sign, must to be mounted 60” above the floor, have raised characters, including Braille, and be above the floor, have raised characters, including Braille, and be mounted on the latch side of the doormounted on the latch side of the door

► The entrance must have a clear opening of 32 inches and include The entrance must have a clear opening of 32 inches and include maneuvering clearance adjacent to the push and pull side of the doormaneuvering clearance adjacent to the push and pull side of the door

► The interior of a multi-fixture bathroom must have clear floor space of a The interior of a multi-fixture bathroom must have clear floor space of a minimum diameter of five feet of turning radius; in private bathrooms minimum diameter of five feet of turning radius; in private bathrooms there must be five feet of turning radiusthere must be five feet of turning radius

► The lavatory (sink) must have sufficient floor clearance to allow for a The lavatory (sink) must have sufficient floor clearance to allow for a forward approachforward approach

► The lavatory is to be mounted so that the counter surface is no higher The lavatory is to be mounted so that the counter surface is no higher than 34” and must extend out at least 17” with an under-side clearance than 34” and must extend out at least 17” with an under-side clearance space of at least 29”space of at least 29”

► Drainpipes must be mounted so that there is at least 9” of clearance Drainpipes must be mounted so that there is at least 9” of clearance from the floor surface; insulation or other protective covering is to be from the floor surface; insulation or other protective covering is to be used on the hot water and drainpipes under the lavatoryused on the hot water and drainpipes under the lavatory

► Faucets must be controlled by a hand lever, push button, or electronic Faucets must be controlled by a hand lever, push button, or electronic control which is easily operated by one hand, does not require tight control which is easily operated by one hand, does not require tight grasping, pinching, or twisting, and uses a maximum of 5 pounds of grasping, pinching, or twisting, and uses a maximum of 5 pounds of force for operation; self-closing valves are to stay open for a minimum force for operation; self-closing valves are to stay open for a minimum of 10 secondsof 10 seconds

Physical Accessibility:Physical Accessibility:Bathrooms (continued)Bathrooms (continued)

► Dispensers and accessories must be mounted so the highest control Dispensers and accessories must be mounted so the highest control or operable part is no more than 48”or operable part is no more than 48”

► Mirrors must be mounted at a maximum height of 40 inches from the Mirrors must be mounted at a maximum height of 40 inches from the floor to the bottom edge of the reflective surfacefloor to the bottom edge of the reflective surface

► Toilet paper and seat cover dispensers are to be located within easy Toilet paper and seat cover dispensers are to be located within easy reach of the person using the toiletreach of the person using the toilet

► At least one toilet stall must be available with a clear opening of 32 At least one toilet stall must be available with a clear opening of 32 inches; stall doors are to swing outward; there must be a minimum inches; stall doors are to swing outward; there must be a minimum depth of 56” and a width of 60”depth of 56” and a width of 60”

► Alternative plans for seating stalls are availableAlternative plans for seating stalls are available► When a side transfer in a stall is required grab bars must be mounted When a side transfer in a stall is required grab bars must be mounted

33 to 36 inches from the floor; the grab bar must support 250 pounds33 to 36 inches from the floor; the grab bar must support 250 pounds► For six or more stalls; one additional stall must be provided that is 36 For six or more stalls; one additional stall must be provided that is 36

inches wide with grab bars on both sidesinches wide with grab bars on both sides► Toilet seat tops must be 17” to 19” from the floor; the center of the Toilet seat tops must be 17” to 19” from the floor; the center of the

toilet must allow 18” from both sides of the stalltoilet must allow 18” from both sides of the stall► Flush controls must be mounted no higher than 44” and be able to Flush controls must be mounted no higher than 44” and be able to

be operated with one hand and not require tight grasping, pinching, be operated with one hand and not require tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist, or more than 5 pounds of forceor twisting of the wrist, or more than 5 pounds of force

Physical AccessibilityPhysical AccessibilityStadiumsStadiums

► The ADA requires all new stadiums to make accessible seating an The ADA requires all new stadiums to make accessible seating an integral part of the seating planintegral part of the seating plan

► At least 1% of seating must be accessible for people using At least 1% of seating must be accessible for people using wheelchairswheelchairs

► A conventional companion seat must be provided next to each A conventional companion seat must be provided next to each wheelchair locationwheelchair location

► Removable or folding seats can be used so the facility does not lose Removable or folding seats can be used so the facility does not lose revenue when all wheelchair seating locations are not ticketedrevenue when all wheelchair seating locations are not ticketed

► Wheelchair seating locations must be provided in all areas including Wheelchair seating locations must be provided in all areas including sky boxes and specialty areassky boxes and specialty areas

► For stadiums with more than 300 seats, wheelchair seating locations For stadiums with more than 300 seats, wheelchair seating locations must be provided in more than one locationmust be provided in more than one location

► All concessions must be accessible (condiments and self-serve food All concessions must be accessible (condiments and self-serve food must be within reach of a person using a wheelchair)must be within reach of a person using a wheelchair)

► Passenger drop-off areas must be accessible and an accessible route Passenger drop-off areas must be accessible and an accessible route must connect each accessible drop-off area with the accessible must connect each accessible drop-off area with the accessible entrances)entrances)

► Half the drinking fountains must be wheelchair accessible and the Half the drinking fountains must be wheelchair accessible and the other half must accommodate standing users.other half must accommodate standing users.

Physical Accessibility:Physical Accessibility:Alarms, Warnings, & Alarms, Warnings, &

SignageSignage ► Visual alarms must be provided in restrooms, general usage areas, hallways, Visual alarms must be provided in restrooms, general usage areas, hallways,

lobbies, and areas for common use lobbies, and areas for common use ► Visual alarms are to be integrated into the facility alarm system; if audible Visual alarms are to be integrated into the facility alarm system; if audible

alarms are provided, then visual alarms must be providedalarms are provided, then visual alarms must be provided► Visual alarms must have a lamp with a xenon strobe type or equivalent, use Visual alarms must have a lamp with a xenon strobe type or equivalent, use

unfiltered or clear filtered white light, have a maximum pulse duration of 0.2 unfiltered or clear filtered white light, have a maximum pulse duration of 0.2 seconds with a maximum duty cycle of 40%, have an intensity of at least 75 seconds with a maximum duty cycle of 40%, have an intensity of at least 75 candela; and have a flash rate between 1 and 3 Hz. candela; and have a flash rate between 1 and 3 Hz.

► Visual alarms are to be placed 80 inches above the highest floor level within Visual alarms are to be placed 80 inches above the highest floor level within the space or 6 inches below the ceiling, whichever is lowerthe space or 6 inches below the ceiling, whichever is lower

► On walking surfaces, detectable warnings must consist of raised truncated On walking surfaces, detectable warnings must consist of raised truncated domes with a diameter of at least 0.9 inches, height of at least 0.2 inches, and domes with a diameter of at least 0.9 inches, height of at least 0.2 inches, and center-to-center spacing of at least 2.35 inches. center-to-center spacing of at least 2.35 inches.

► The warning must contrast visually with adjoining surfaces, either light-on-The warning must contrast visually with adjoining surfaces, either light-on-dark, or dark-on-lightdark, or dark-on-light

► Letters and numbers on signs must have a width-to-height ratio between 3:5 Letters and numbers on signs must have a width-to-height ratio between 3:5 and 1:1 and a stroke-width-to-height ratio between 1:5 and 1:10. and 1:1 and a stroke-width-to-height ratio between 1:5 and 1:10.

► For signs with raised or Brailled characters, letters and numerals must be For signs with raised or Brailled characters, letters and numerals must be raised a minimum of 1/32 inches; upper case, sans serif or simple serif type; raised a minimum of 1/32 inches; upper case, sans serif or simple serif type; accompanied with Grade 2 Braille; and 5/8 to 2 inches high. accompanied with Grade 2 Braille; and 5/8 to 2 inches high.

► Pictograms must have the equivalent verbal description placed directly below Pictograms must have the equivalent verbal description placed directly below the pictogramthe pictogram

Educational Accessibility:Educational Accessibility:Universal Design for Universal Design for

LearningLearning►Making all curricula accessible to all Making all curricula accessible to all

studentsstudents►National Instructional Materials National Instructional Materials

Accessibility StandardsAccessibility Standards Sets standards for all publicationsSets standards for all publications Sets guidelines for print, audio, electronic Sets guidelines for print, audio, electronic

file of instructional materialsfile of instructional materials

Show me the Money:Show me the Money:Funding SourcesFunding Sources

► MCI funds – MCI is a match tax fund with a 60/40 match rate; the MCI funds – MCI is a match tax fund with a 60/40 match rate; the State allocates money ($.60 per dollar) each year to the districts State allocates money ($.60 per dollar) each year to the districts under MCI based on student enrollment; local districts must under MCI based on student enrollment; local districts must match the state allocation; funds are usable for three years and match the state allocation; funds are usable for three years and can be used for projects less than $500,000; the local district can be used for projects less than $500,000; the local district must prioritize how the dollars will be spent for accessibility; must prioritize how the dollars will be spent for accessibility; allocations range from as little as $60,000 to approximately allocations range from as little as $60,000 to approximately $1,000,000; total allocations are $7,173,800$1,000,000; total allocations are $7,173,800

► Major Capital funds – are obtained through referendum; state Major Capital funds – are obtained through referendum; state and local split with the state paying anywhere from 60% to 80% and local split with the state paying anywhere from 60% to 80% of the cost of major construction; when schools are renovated of the cost of major construction; when schools are renovated through a Major Capital program they need to be brought into through a Major Capital program they need to be brought into ADA compliance with a review/approval from the architectural ADA compliance with a review/approval from the architectural accessibilities boardaccessibilities board

► General operating funds – the final option for funding is to use General operating funds – the final option for funding is to use general operating money allocated to building maintenance general operating money allocated to building maintenance budgets; these budgets typically are not capable of addressing budgets; these budgets typically are not capable of addressing major renovations for accessibility purposesmajor renovations for accessibility purposes

ResourcesResources► U.S. Department of Justice: U.S. Department of Justice:

http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/ada/http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/ada/►Disability Law Resource Project: Disability Law Resource Project:

Architectural Accessibility Architectural Accessibility http://www.dlrp.org/html/publications/archithttp://www.dlrp.org/html/publications/architectural.htmlectural.html

► Adaptive Environments: Adaptive Environments: http://adaptiveenvironments.org/schools/acchttp://adaptiveenvironments.org/schools/access.phpess.php

► Center for Applied Special Technology Center for Applied Special Technology (CAST): Universal Design for Learning (UDL): (CAST): Universal Design for Learning (UDL): http://www.cast.org/udl/http://www.cast.org/udl/

►National Instructional Materials Accessibility National Instructional Materials Accessibility Standards: Standards: http://www.cast.org/ncac/nimas/index.htmhttp://www.cast.org/ncac/nimas/index.htm