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Scholarly Communications in Knowledge Economy by a premier Scholarly Communications in Knowledge Economy by a premier

Indian Chemical Sciences R&D Laboratory - CSIR-NCL : A Indian Chemical Sciences R&D Laboratory - CSIR-NCL : A

Scientometric evaluation Scientometric evaluation

GATI KRUSHNA NAYAK CSIR-NATIONAL CHEMICAL LABORATORY (NCL) PUNE, gatikrushnanayak@gmail.com

SUDAM CHARAN SAHU CUG Gandhinagar, sudamsahu09@gmail.com

VAISHALI S. KHAPARDE Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, khapardevaishali@gmail.com

SUDESHNA TRIPATHI Adamas University, Barasat, Kolkata, tripathi.sudeshna@gmail.com

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NAYAK, GATI KRUSHNA; SAHU, SUDAM CHARAN; KHAPARDE, VAISHALI S.; and TRIPATHI, SUDESHNA, "Scholarly Communications in Knowledge Economy by a premier Indian Chemical Sciences R&D Laboratory - CSIR-NCL : A Scientometric evaluation" (2020). Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). 4801. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/4801

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Scholarly Communications in Knowledge Economy by a premier Indian Chemical

Sciences R&D Laboratory - CSIR-NCL : A Scientometric evaluation

1. Gati Krushna Nayak * (Primary/Corresponding author)

Senior Technical Officer,

CSIR-NCL Pune , KRC/Library

Email: gatikrushnanayak@gmail.com

2. Sudam Charan Sahu **

PhD Scholar, CUG Gandhinagar

3. Prof. Vaishali Khaparde ***

Head, Dept of Library & Information Science,

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University

Aurangabad, Maharashtra

4. Sudeshna Tripathi ****

Senior Library Assistant

Central Library | Adamas University

Barasat, Kolkata

Abstract

This paper made an attempt to analyze publications of CSIR-NCL, Pune a reputed world class 70

years renowned Chemistry & Chemical Engineering R & D Laboratory during the last 10 years

w.e.f. 2010-2019 as reflected in SCOPUS multidisciplinary international database. The total

number of 5372 research publications have been downloaded and analyzed according to the

objectives. This paper gives a complete view of the evaluation of research outcomes of the CSIR-

NCL, Pune the productive and influential in innovative research. This paper vigorously tries to

give a complete view of the evaluation of research outcomes of the CSIR-NCL, Pune in India that

ought to be the most productive and influential in innovative research in various diversified areas

including Chemistry, Chemical technology & engineering along with Physical & Biological

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sciences too. They account for significant research outcomes with a high number of citations,

growth rate of research publication year wise, have the most productive authors, authorship

pattern, productivity per capita, degree of collaboration etc. Recently, automated workflows to

assemble specialized software into comprehensive and organized data flow have begun to emerge

for Scientometric study. In this paper, we propose to use an open source and unique tool,

developed and produced in R language, for classic logical bibliometrics analysis.

I. Introduction

The Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) being one of the world’s largest publicly

funded research organizations, was set up by Govt. of India back in 1942. It is basically one of the

World’s leading R&D organization spanning across all over India from north to south & east to

west respectively having 38 specialized laboratories , 3 Innovation Complexes , 5 units ,39

outreach centres dealing with diversified areas of Science, Technology & Engineering in the field

of Physical Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Biochemical & Biological Sciences, Mathematical

Sciences, Food Sciences, Ocean Sciences ,Geophysical Sciences, Earth & Environmental

Sciences, Material Sciences Leather sciences, Information Sciences, aeronautics, mining &

metallurgy, instrumentation, environmental engineering , Civil & structural engineering,

information technology & other Inter- & trans-disciplinary areas too. CSIR has been ranked 17th

in the world amongst the government institutions across the globe according to the prestigious

Scimago Institutions Rankings 2019 Report. CSIR-India is among India's most vivid research

producing organizations.

As per Kelkar Committee report, since 2012, CSIR labs can be better evaluated by considering

them in the role of a research university. Main purpose of AcSIR (Academy of Scientific &

Innovative Research) is to facilitate the granting of doctoral and post-doctoral degrees through

CSIR Labs in science & engineering allied areas.

AcSIR curriculum encourages students to undertake a project as a part of CSIR-800 programme

which plays a major role for the benefit of the society especially in rural belt by contributing in

various key areas like food, health, water, environment, agriculture, education, energy for the

enhanced income & improved quality of life for the 130 crore population of India. Around 3000

students have already graduated from AcSIR. Currently, AcSIR has more than 4000 Students

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enrolled in Ph.D., Integrated Dual Degree Program (M.Tech+Ph.D), Integrated M.Sc-Ph.D,

MTech, M.Sc. and PG Diploma courses. CSIR-NCL is one of a leading R & D lab under AcSIR.

CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), a premier research laboratory founded in 1950 under

the aegis of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) based in the cultural & industrial

capital town Pune of Maharashtra. NCL is playing a vital role in world class research in chemical,

physical, biological and related sciences & engineering being fully funded by Ministry of Science

& Technology, Govt. Of India. Many Successful Partnerships with Industries for research,

development & manufacturing products has been moving with tandem too since a long while back.

NCL's human resource is being strengthened by more than 500 personnel from whom around 150

are scientists, 50 are technical staffs with advanced degrees in science, technology or engineering.

Around 450 students pursue their doctoral research leading to Ph.D degree which is the highest in

chemical sciences discipline in India. More than 450 research papers in Chemical & allied sciences

are being published in peer reviewed international journals every year which is the second highest

in India. H index of NCL being 179 & 349101 citations since it’s inception proves it’s mettle itself.

More than 100 odd Indian and foreign patents granted to CSIR-NCL almost annually which covers

the largest number of patents filed by any CSIR R & D Laboratory.

Scientometric study is the most common assessment method these days meant for quantifying the

scientific output of any entity. Today evaluation plays a key role everywhere for the accountability

& decision-making issue. After all, public money is been invested for which this type of study is

becoming essential in every field. Various scientometric indicators has been widely available for

determining the research outcome of any leading organisation.

Keywords : Bibliometrics, SCOPUS, Scientific productivity, Citation Impact, Open access,

Publication output, Scientometrics, R tool

II. Objectives of the study

1. To analyze year wise contribution of publications of CSIR-NCL

2. To analyze year wise contribution in non-open access vs open access

3. To know the international collaboration partner

4. To discover the most preferred subject area of research

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5. To identify most productive Authors

6. To identify most productive sources

7. To study the Degree of collaboration

8. To emphasize the contribution of publications by type of document

III. Methodology

The study focused last ten years time span of comprehensive research productivity of CSIR-

National Chemical Laboratory, Pune is being presented. We used the advanced search box in

Scopus database where chosen affiliations “AF-ID ("National Chemical Laboratory India"

60012548)” and all related papers extracted, retrieved Bib Text file and analysis with R-

Bibliometrix (tools for bibliometrics analysis) package. The source of data extract for the present

Scientometrics study is the Scopus multidisciplinary database product by Elsevier. It covers

approximately 23,000+ active titles from over 5,000+ publishers, of which 21,000+ are peer-

reviewed journals in the Health Sciences, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and social sciences

(including arts and humanities). Scopus has various search options based on bibliometric attributes

of a publication. Publications can be identified from different States and provinces by searching

the ‘affiliation’ field provided in the advance search interface of Scopus multidisciplinary

database. The raw data for the study was extracted on 08/08/2020, by mentioning the respective

organization’s name during the time span of 2010-2019 respectively.

IV. Scope and Limitations

The Scope of this study encompasses the research productivity of CSIR-National Chemical

Laboratory, Pune which has been reflected in SCOPUS being considered during 2010 to 2019.

Apart from other publications of CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune which are not indexed

in SCOPUS has been prohibited from the study.

V. Data Analysis

Year wise scientific productions

Table 1 reveals the chronological distribution of publications by one of a prominent R&D LAB of

India from 2010 to 2019. It is observed that the total number of publications by CSIR-NCL, Pune

during the last ten years is 5372. We've also found from the data, the highest number of

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publications was in the year of 2015 (number of publications = 653, Percentage = 12.16%),

followed by the year 2016 (648, 12.06%), 2017(629, 11.71%) and minimum was in the year 2010

(349, 6.50%). Time of citations received (CT) reflects that in the 2014 received highest 14980

citations. Year wise Average Citations per Paper (ACPP) it is reflected that 2012 records the

highest with 30.58, ACPP during the period (2010-19) is 18.64. Year wise H-index reflected that

in the year 2014 H-index is highest 54 and overall, during the period of study is 103.

Table-1 Year Wise Contributions of publications by CSIR-NCL

Year NP P CT ACPP H-Index

2010 349 6.50 8353 23.93 9

2011 403 7.50 11745 29.14 18

2012 477 8.88 14585 30.58 30

2013 518 9.64 12618 24.36 43

2014 628 11.69 14980 23.85 44

2015 653 12.16 14154 21.68 54

2016 648 12.06 11072 17.09 50

2017 629 11.71 6902 10.97 53

2018 553 10.29 3977 7.19 48

2019 514 9.57 1740 3.39 44

(2010-19) 5372 100.00 100126 18.64 103 NP=Number of Publications, CT=Citations Count , P=Percentage, ACPP= Average Citations Per Paper

Figure-1

Contributions to Non-Open Access, Open Access and citations impacts

349 403 477 518 628 653 648 629 553 514

8353

11745

14585

12618

1498014154

11072

6902

3977

1740

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Publications (NP) Vs Citations (CT)

NP CT

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Research publications are either fee based or open source widely known as open access

publications. Open Access (OA) journals are scholarly journals that are available to the readers

through the Internet without financial or any other barrier and provide Unrestricted over online

access to articles distributed in academic diaries. There are two ways for scholarly publications to

accessible OA, either specifically provided by the journal publisher known as Gold OA, or placing

a version of an author’s manuscript into a repository and making it freely accessible for everyone

(with Green OA). Both choices increment the potential readership and access of any research

publications to a wider community of people with Internet get to and by implication accelerate the

spread of newly emerging research thoughts.

Table-2 reveals that year wise contributions of non-open access and open access publications with

year wise contributions percentage. Where (CT) represent number of received citations, (ACPP)

represent average citations per-paper. There is no significant difference received citations. If we

compare both type of publications contributions, Open access contributions are relevantly more in

comparison to it’s counterpart.

Table-2 Non-Open Access and Open Access Publications

International Collaborations with different Countries

During the period of study for collaborations with top 10 countries, it is found that maximum

number of documents are collaborations with United States 47 (0.87%) number of documents

Non-Open Access Open Access

YEAR NP P CT ACPP NP P CT ACPP

2019 250 71.63 8021 32.08 99 28.36 332 3.35

2018 312 77.41 11269 36.11 91 22.58 476 5.23

2017 377 79.03 13593 36.05 100 20.96 992 9.92

2016 444 85.71 11365 25.59 74 14.28 1253 16.93

2015 560 89.17 13204 23.57 68 10.82 1776 26.12

2014 593 90.81 12853 21.67 60 9.18 1301 21.68

2013 612 94.44 10430 17.04 36 5.55 642 17.83

2012 592 94.11 5844 9.87 37 5.88 1058 28.59

2011 537 97.10 3711 6.91 16 2.89 266 16.63

2010 496 96.49 1248 2.51 18 3.50 492 27.33

TOTAL 4773 88.84 91538 19.17 599 11.15 8588 14.34

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followed by France 35 (0.65%), Germany 34 (0.63%), Korea 29 (0.54%), Singapore 20

(0.37%), United Kingdom 19 (0.35%), Australia 15 (0.28%), Italy 13 (0.24%), Japan 13

(0.24%), China 9 (0.17%), Other149 (2.77%), Total 383 (7.13%). Over all, the total numbers of

publications of CSIR-NCL Pune are 5372 Publications which has collaborations with more than

56 countries. Out of these, 2993 (92.97%) publications are with a single country (i.e. India) and

383 (7.13%) publications are published with Multiple Country addresses.

Table-3 International Collaborations partners

Country WC P %

USA 47 0.87

FRANCE 35 0.65

GERMANY 34 0.63

KOREA 29 0.54

SINGAPORE 20 0.37

UNITED KINGDOM 19 0.35

AUSTRALIA 15 0.28

ITALY 13 0.24

JAPAN 13 0.24

CHINA 9 0.17

OTHER 149 2.77

Total 383 7.13

Figure-2

Citations received from different countries

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During the period of study, citations are received from more than 76 countries including India.

Total “100126” Citations are received. We found that maximum number of citations are received

from INDIA total 69607 citations with (69.52%) followed by USA 1767 (1.76 %), SINGAPORE

1449 (1.45%) etc. Here Average Article Citations is (citations received by total number of cited

document) according to respective countries.

Table-4 Most Cited Countries

Country Total Citations

Average Article

Citations Percentage

INDIA 69607 20.618 69.52

USA 1767 37.596 1.76

SINGAPORE 1449 72.45 1.45

GERMANY 1104 32.471 1.10

KOREA 1012 34.897 1.01

FRANCE 887 25.343 0.89

UNITED KINGDOM 565 29.737 0.56

JAPAN 453 34.846 0.47

AUSTRALIA 380 25.333 0.45

ISRAEL 290 14.5 0.38

ITALY 171 13.154 0.29

OTHER 22441 9.22 22.41

Sources of Publications

CSIR-NCL scientists and researchers has published their research publications more then 300+

sources it is difficult to tabulations all sources that’s why we tabulated top 10 sources according

to Number of Publications (NP) with Citations Received (CT), H-index, PY-start, ISSN, Publisher

and Cite Score (by SCOPUS, Elsevier).

Table 5 –Top 10 Sources producing scholarly publications

Source NP CT H-index

PY-

start ISSN Publisher

Cite

Score

RSC ADVANCES 224 3656 31 2012

2046-

2069

Royal Society of

Chemistry 3.16

CHEMICAL

COMMUNICATIONS 151 4506 36 2010

1359-

7345

Royal Society of

Chemistry 6.12

ORGANIC LETTERS 99 2673 32 2010

1523-

7060

American

Chemical Society 6.28

TETRAHEDRON

LETTERS 97 828 15 2010

0040-

4039 Elsevier 2.12

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ORGANIC AND

BIOMOLECULAR

CHEMISTRY 90 1200 19 2010

1477-

0520

Royal Society of

Chemistry 3.04

CHEMISTRYSELECT 83 370 9 2016

2365-

6549 Wiley-Blackwell 1.7

JOURNAL OF

ORGANIC

CHEMISTRY 79 1174 20 2010

0022-

3263

American

Chemical Society 4.57

JOURNAL OF

PHYSICAL

CHEMISTRY C 77 1776 24 2010

1932-

7447

American

Chemical Society 4.45

PHYSICAL

CHEMISTRY

CHEMICAL

PHYSICS 77 1210 17 2010

1463-

9076

Royal Society of

Chemistry 3.69

ACS APPLIED

MATERIALS AND

INTERFACES 69 2663 29 2011

1944-

8244

American

Chemical Society 8.68

Various Areas of Research Covered by CSIR-NCL Pune

In this section, we represent the various areas of research covered by CSIR-NCL throughout the

last ten years. We also compare their number of publications over the respective subject of research

in the following table. We've observed that apart from Chemical Engineering/Chemistry subjects

(90 % +), CSIR-NCL involved in various other research areas that include almost all branches of

science (Physics, Engineering, Biology, etc.), Mathematics, Earth Science, etc. Research on

subjects like Social Science, Humanities, Environmental Science, Pharmacology, Toxicology, and

Pharmaceutics, etc. have also been carried out at these NCL over the last ten years. We have

observed that NCL has published more papers on Chemistry i.e., 3287 followed by Chemical

Engineering (1643), Materials Science (1553), Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

(1216), Physics and Astronomy (838), Engineering (525), Pharmacology, Toxicology and

Pharmaceutics (378), Energy (367), Environmental Science (335), Agricultural and Biological

Sciences (263), Immunology and Microbiology (188), Multidisciplinary (135), Medicine (124),

Computer Science (73), Mathematics (60), Earth and Planetary Sciences (35), Economics,

Econometrics and Finance (28), Social Sciences (25), Neuroscience (14), Psychology (9), Health

Professions (7), Nursing (7), Business, Management and Accounting (6), Veterinary (3), Decision

Sciences (2), Arts and Humanities (1)

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Table-6 Research/Subject Area wise publications

SL. NO. SUBJECT AREA NP P %

1 Chemistry 3287 61.19

2 Chemical Engineering 1643 30.58

3 Materials Science 1553 28.91

4 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 1216 22.64

5 Physics and Astronomy 838 15.60

6 Engineering 525 9.77

7 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics 378 7.04

8 Energy 367 6.83

9 Environmental Science 335 6.24

10 Agricultural and Biological Sciences 263 4.90

11 Immunology and Microbiology 188 3.50

12 Multidisciplinary 135 2.51

13 Medicine 124 2.31

14 Computer Science 73 1.36

15 Mathematics 60 1.12

16 Earth and Planetary Sciences 35 0.65

17 Economics, Econometrics and Finance 28 0.52

18 Social Sciences 25 0.47

19 Neuroscience 14 0.26

20 Psychology 9 0.17

21 Health Professions 7 0.13

22 Nursing 7 0.13

23 Business, Management and Accounting 6 0.11

24 Veterinary 3 0.06

25 Decision Sciences 2 0.04

26 Arts and Humanities 1 0.02

Most prolific Authors according to Received Citations (CT)

Table 7 reveals the most prolific authors rank according to received citations during the period of

study. We can see for the NCL Pune, Banerjee, Rahul (Number of Publications NP=148, received

Citations CT=10554 and H-index 60) followed by Kurungot, Sreekumar (146, 4327, 36), Ogale,

Satishchandra B.(103, 4248, 35), Kandambeth, Sharath (26,3891, 25), Late, Dattatray (114, 3677,

31), Biju, Akkattu T (72, 3673, 33), Pachfule, Pradip (43, 2729, 30), Kumar, Ravindra (66, 2516,

27), Gopinath, Chinnakonda S.(105, 2456, 25) & Kumar, Anil (110, 2385, 25)

Table-7 Most Prolific Authors during the Period (2010-19)

Rank Author NP CT h_index PY_start

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1 Banerjee, Rahul 148 10554 60 2010

2 Kurungot, Sreekumar 146 4327 36 2010

3 Ogale, Satishchandra B. 103 4248 35 2010

4 Kandambeth, Sharath 26 3891 25 2012

5 Late, Dattatray 114 3677 31 2010

6 Biju, Akkattu T 72 3673 33 2011

7 Pachfule, Pradip 43 2729 30 2010

8 Kumar, Ravindra 66 2516 27 2010

9 Gopinath, Chinnakonda S. 105 2456 25 2010

10 Kumar, Anil 110 2385 25 2010

Highly Cited Publications of CSIR-NCL Pune

Table 8 reflects about the highly impactful scholarly output during the period of 2010-2019 by

CSIR-NCL Pune scientific community along with their collaborations in the leading publishing

platforms across the globe.

Table-8 Top 10 cited articles during the Period (2010-19)

RANK Title Year Source title Cited by

1 Advances in molecular quantum chemistry

contained in the Q-Chem 4 program package 2015 Molecular Physics 1381

2

Trends in bioconversion of lignocellulose: Biofuels, platform chemicals & biorefinery

concept 2012 Progress in Energy and

Combustion Science 824

3 Click chemistry: 1,2,3-triazoles as

pharmacophores 2011 Chemistry - An Asian

Journal 763

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4

Construction of crystalline 2D covalent organic frameworks with remarkable

chemical (Acid/Base) stability via a combined reversible and irreversible route 2012

Journal of the American Chemical

Society 574

5 From dead leaves to high energy density

supercapacitors 2013 Energy and

Environmental Science 531

6 Core-shell nanoparticles: synthesis and

applications in catalysis and electrocatalysis 2015 Chemical Society

Reviews 487

7

Employing homoenolates generated by NHC catalysis in carbon-carbon bond-forming

reactions: State of the art 2011 Chemical Society

Reviews 444

8

Recent advances in transition-metal-free carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond-

forming reactions using arynes 2012 Chemical Society

Reviews 436

9 Polymorphs, salts, and cocrystals: What's in a

name? 2012 Crystal Growth and

Design 425

10 Rapid self-healing hydrogels 2012

Proceedings of the National Academy of

Sciences of the United States of America 423

Degree of Collaboration:

Degree of collaboration examines the trend in authorship pattern of publication as used by K.

Subramanian's formula for Degree of collaboration. It is observed from the table that degree of

author collaboration is 0.97

DC=MA/SA+MA

DC= Degree of Collaboration

SA=Single Author

MA=Multiple Authors

DC=5257/108+5257=0.97

Table-9 depicts authorship pattern in research papers has been depicted, it reveals that a large

number of publications were with multi-authored. Single author publications 108 (2.01 %),

followed by double author 919 (17.13 %), triple author 1034 (19.27 %).

Table-9 Authorship pattern

SA MA

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1 2 3 4 5 6 <7 TOTAL

NP 108 919 1034 1002 822 597 890 5372

108 5264

P 2.01 17.13 19.27 18.68 15.32 11 16.59 100

SA=Single Author MA=Multiple Authors NP=Number of Publications

Figure-3 Single Author vs Multiple Authors

Types of document/s published by CSIR-NCL, Pune :

Table-10 Gives an illustration of the types of documents publications appeared and it meets the

last objective. Out of total publications, the highest are articles (4851, 90.35 %) that accounts for

as much as 90.30 % of the total contributions followed by reviews (150, 2.79 %) and book chapters

(131, 2.44 %). miscellaneous category (0.31 %)and conference papers (2.36 %) but the number is

very less in comparison to other types of publications.

Table-10 Types of Documents

DOCUMENT TYPES NP P %

article 4851 90.3

review 150 2.79

book chapter 131 2.44

conference paper 127 2.36

editorial 32 0.6

Single Author , 108, 2%

Multiple Authors ,

5264, 98%

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erratum 32 0.6

note 20 0.37

book 10 0.19

data paper 9 0.17

letter 9 0.17

short survey 1 0.02

Total 5372 100

Findings and Conclusion

It is observed that the total number of publications by CSIR-NCL, Pune during the last ten

years is 5372. We have also found from the data, the highest number of publications was

in the year of 2015 (number of publications = 653, Percentage = 12.16 %).

In terms of year wise H-index output of CSIR-NCL as it is reflected that in the year 2014

H-index records the highest of 54 and overall during the period of study 103 respectively.

Maximum number of documents are collaborations with United States 47 (0.87 %) number

of documents followed by France 35 (0.65 %), Germany 34 (0.63 %)

Citations are received from more than 76 countries including India. Total “100126”

Citations are received. We found that maximum number of citations are received from

INDIA total 69607 citations with (69.52 %) followed by USA 1767 (1.76), SINGAPORE

1149 (1.45) etc.

There is no significant difference of the received citations. If we compare (open access &

non-open access) type of publications contributions, Open access contributions are more.

NCL scientists and researchers has published their research publications in more then 300+

sources. RSC Advances is the most preferred journal by the CSIR-NCL researchers.

It has been observed that apart from Chemical Engineering/Chemistry subjects (90 %+),

NCL is been involved in various other diversified research areas that include almost all

branches of science & engineering including Physics, Engineering, Biology, Mathematics,

Earth Science, along with research work on subjects like Social Science, Humanities,

Environmental Science, Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmaceutics too.

Large number of publications noticed to be multi-authored.

Only 2 % of documents are single authored.

Out of 5372 publications, 4851 (90.35 %) were articles.

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The above study which quantifies the research productivity of the organisation & it’s

scientific community’s research and development activities which focuses on the array of

contribution of the institution and the Scientific community of NCL’s research areas.

Intellectual output of the scientific community of NCL Pune showcases the range of R&D

activities being performed amongst the diversified areas of science & technology.

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