Schizotypal personality disorder and its psychodynamic perspective
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Transcript of Schizotypal personality disorder and its psychodynamic perspective
Table Of Content:What is Schizotypal personality
disorderIts causesSymptomsPsychodynamic Perspective of
Schizotypal personality disorderCase studyDifferential diagnosis
SCHIZOTYPAL PERSONALITY DISORDER
A pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for close relationships as well as by cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities off behavior, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts.
CAUSES
Most experts believe that causation stems from the complex combination of the following factors
GeneticsBiologySocial environment.
GENETIC FACTOR;
Risks are greater for ;Family history with schizophrenia
and other Psychopathologies.First degree relatives with
schizophrenic or schizotypal disorder.
BIOLOGICAL FACTORBiologically they are thought to;• Have less brain matter in certain
areas• Abnormaities of the
neurotransmitter DOPAMINE• Some similarities to brain
abnormalities with schizophrenics.
SOCIAL FACTOR;It may stems from the following social
experiences during early childhood;• Regular humiliation by parents, siblings
and peers• Parents were emotionally distant , formal
and displayed confusing parental communication.
SYMPTOMSThe DSM-V specifies the nine
diagnostic criateria for Schizotypal personality disorder.
A person with at least five of these characterestics might be considered to have schizotypal personality disorder.
These include the following…..
PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVE
Early childhood experiences are of crucial importance.
In psychodynamic approach to schizotypal personality disorder, we will discuss the following theories;
• Freud’ s psychosexual stages of development• Erick Erickson’s psychosocial stages of
development• Object relation theory.• Their brief overview is as follows…..
FREUD’S PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
Five psychosexual stages of development.Each stage is linked with the gratification of
specific instincts.When these instincts are not gratified in a proper
way, it leads to personality disorder s.According to psychoanalytic theory. Individuals
with schizotypal personality disorder have unresolved conflicts at the following stages that lead to their maladaptive behavior.
DEFENCE MECHANISAMSDefence mechanisams frequently used by
individuals with schizotypal personality disorder are;
• REPRESSION• DENIAL• PROJECTION
ERIK ERIKSONPSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
8 stages of PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTNeeds at each stage.Healthy personalityMaladaptive personalityIn the light of Erikson’s stages, individual
develop schizotypal personality disorder due to the crises in the following stages….
ERIKSON CONTINUES….1st Stage: TRUST VERSUS MISTRUST4th Stage: INFERIORITY VERSUS INDUSTRIOUS
5th Stage: IDEENTITY VERSUS ROLE CONFUSION
6th Stage : INTIMACY VERSUS ISOLATION
OBJECT-RELATION THEORYDrive to relate.Self is formed in the context of early relations.Early relations influence relations in later life.Schizotypal personality disorder develop due to
the deficits in early relationships.Due to splitting cohesive self is not developedLeads to the serious difficulty in adult
relationships.
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
OTHER MENTAL DISORDERS WITH PSYCHOTIC SYMPTOMS
OTHER PERSONALITY DISORDERS• The differentiation from other personality disorders is
listed as follows….
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS CONT…SCHIZOID PERSONALITY
DISORDERPARANOID PERSONALITY
DISORDERAVOIDANT PERSONALITY
DISORDERNARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY
DISORDER
CASE-STUDYBACKGROUND INFORMATION:
• Name; Tyler• Age; 15 years• Family history; mother suffer from
anxiety and depression, two maternal uncles diagnosed with schizophrenia.
CASE CONT…
CLIENT’S INFORMATION :
• Odd believes or magical thinking• Unusual perceptual experiences• Odd thinking and speech• Behavior or appearance that is
odd ,peculiar or eccentric.• Lack of close friends or
confidents• Excessive social anxiety