Schizophrenia Definition Definition Psychotic disorder Thought Disorder Loose associations Loose...
-
Upload
christine-shields -
Category
Documents
-
view
225 -
download
2
Transcript of Schizophrenia Definition Definition Psychotic disorder Thought Disorder Loose associations Loose...
SchizophreniaSchizophrenia
DefinitionDefinitionPsychotic disorderPsychotic disorderThought DisorderThought Disorder
Loose associationsLoose associations
““Split” from realitySplit” from realityNOT split or multiple personalityNOT split or multiple personality
Symptoms of SchizophreniaSymptoms of Schizophrenia
Positive SymptomsPositive Symptoms Loose associationsLoose associations Word saladWord salad DelusionsDelusions HallucinationsHallucinations
Negative SymptomsNegative Symptoms Poverty of speech contentPoverty of speech content Flat or blunted affectFlat or blunted affect Avolition or apathyAvolition or apathy AnhedoniaAnhedonia
Subtypes of SchizophreniaSubtypes of Schizophrenia
ParanoidParanoid DisorganizedDisorganized CatatonicCatatonic UndifferentiatedUndifferentiated ResidualResidual
Paranoid Subtype
Intact cognitive skills and affect Do not show disorganized behavior Hallucinations and delusions – grandeur or
persecution The best prognosis of all types of schizophrenia
Disorganized Symptoms Disorganized speech
Cognitive slippage – illogical and incoherent speech Tangentiality – “going off on a tangent” Loose associations – conversation in unrelated directions
Disorganized affect Inappropriate emotional behavior
Disorganized behavior Includes a variety of unusual behaviors Catatonia – spectrum
Disorganized Subtype
Marked disruptions in speech and behavior Flat or inappropriate affect Hallucinations and delusions – tend to be
fragmented Develops early, tends to be chronic, lacks
remissions
Catatonic Subtype
Show unusual motor responses and odd mannerisms
Examples include echolalia and echopraxia Tends to be severe and quite rare
Additional Subtypes
Undifferentiated type Catch all category Major symptoms of schizophrenia Fail to meet criteria for another type
Residual type One past episode of schizophrenia Continue to display less extreme residual symptoms
Age of OnsetAge of Onset
Biological AspectsBiological Aspects
Runs in FamiliesRuns in Families Increased Risk Based on Genetic Increased Risk Based on Genetic
RelatednessRelatedness
Genetics and SchizophreniaGenetics and Schizophrenia
Biological Aspects Biological Aspects
Search for Marker GenesSearch for Marker Genes Still inconclusiveStill inconclusive Likely involves multiple genesLikely involves multiple genes Smooth Pursuit Eye TrackingSmooth Pursuit Eye Tracking
Tracking deficit in persons with schizophrenia, Tracking deficit in persons with schizophrenia, including their relativesincluding their relatives
Brain Structure and FunctioningBrain Structure and Functioning Enlarged ventricles and reduced tissue volumeEnlarged ventricles and reduced tissue volume HypofrontalityHypofrontality
Biological AspectsBiological Aspects
Dopamine HypothesisDopamine HypothesisDrugs that increase dopamine (agonists), Drugs that increase dopamine (agonists),
result in schizophrenic-like behavior (e.g., result in schizophrenic-like behavior (e.g., amphetamines)amphetamines)
Drugs that decrease dopamine (antagonists), Drugs that decrease dopamine (antagonists), reduce schizophrenic-like behaviorreduce schizophrenic-like behavior
Considered too simplistic (multiple NTs Considered too simplistic (multiple NTs involved)involved)
Psychosocial InfluencesPsychosocial Influences
The Role of StressThe Role of Stress Diathesis-Stress ModelDiathesis-Stress Model Also seems related to relapse (not just onset)Also seems related to relapse (not just onset)
Family InteractionsFamily Interactions Communication patternsCommunication patterns High expressed emotion associated with relapse High expressed emotion associated with relapse
Psychological factors seem Psychological factors seem relativelyrelatively small small
Treatment of SchizophreniaTreatment of Schizophrenia
Seldom Results in Complete RecoverySeldom Results in Complete Recovery Early MethodsEarly Methods
Insulin Coma TherapyInsulin Coma Therapy PsychosurgeryPsychosurgery ECTECT
Biological Treatments (Current)Biological Treatments (Current) Neuroleptics (Major Tranquilizers)Neuroleptics (Major Tranquilizers)
Haldol, Thorozine, othersHaldol, Thorozine, others Clozaril, Risperdal, Zyprexa, othersClozaril, Risperdal, Zyprexa, others
Treatment of SchizophreniaTreatment of Schizophrenia
Biological Treatment IssuesBiological Treatment IssuesMajor (Social) Reform in TreatmentMajor (Social) Reform in Treatment
Revolving Door ProcessRevolving Door Process
Trial and ErrorTrial and ErrorExtrapyramidal Side EffectsExtrapyramidal Side Effects
Tardive DyskinesiaTardive Dyskinesia
Address Positive Symptoms OnlyAddress Positive Symptoms OnlyMedication Compliance ProblemsMedication Compliance Problems
Antipsychotic Drugs and Antipsychotic Drugs and Inpatient TreatmentInpatient Treatment
Psychosocial TreatmentPsychosocial Treatment
Psychosocial ApproachesPsychosocial ApproachesBehavioral (i.e., token economies) on inpatient Behavioral (i.e., token economies) on inpatient
unitsunitsCommunity care programsCommunity care programsSocial and living skills trainingSocial and living skills trainingBehavioral family therapy Behavioral family therapy Vocational rehabilitation Vocational rehabilitation
Facilitate Medication ComplianceFacilitate Medication Compliance
Psychosocial TreatmentPsychosocial Treatment
Myths About SchizophreniaMyths About Schizophrenia
People with schizophrenia have “split People with schizophrenia have “split personalities.”personalities.”
People with schizophrenia are People with schizophrenia are intellectually disabledintellectually disabled
People with schizophrenia are dangerousPeople with schizophrenia are dangerous People with schizophrenia are addicted to People with schizophrenia are addicted to
their drugstheir drugs
Other Psychotic DisordersOther Psychotic Disorders
Brief Psychotic DisorderBrief Psychotic DisorderPsychotic symptoms for a few weeksPsychotic symptoms for a few weeks
Schizophreniform DisorderSchizophreniform DisorderSchizophrenic symptoms for a few months
Schizoaffective DisorderSchizoaffective DisorderSymptoms of schizophrenia and a mood
disorder independent of each other
Other Psychotic DisordersOther Psychotic Disorders
Delusional disorder Delusions without hallucinations or most other
schizophrenic symptoms Types of delusions
Erotomanic Grandiose Jealous Persecutory Somatic
Other Psychotic DisordersOther Psychotic Disorders
Folie a DeuxFolie a DeuxShared Psychotic DisorderShared Psychotic Disorder