Schizophrenia and physiology
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Transcript of Schizophrenia and physiology
Schizophrenia and
PhysiologyBy Bridgette Craig (u3096690)
Physiological Psychology
2014
What is Schizophrenia?
Classified as a Mental illness
Effects one in every hundred
Commonly starts in early adulthood
Quick review of Schizophrenia
• Types of schizophrenia (Kirkpatrick,
2013):
• Disorganized schizophrenia
• Catatonic Schizophrenia
• Paranoid Schizophrenia
• Treatment (Bentall, 2013):
• Medication; Antipsychotics typically
• Counselling/therapy
Symptoms (Kirkpatrick, 2013)
Delusions Hallucinations Confused thinking
Disorganised thought, speech and behaviour Diminished emotional expressionDecreased motivation
How Schizophrenia and Physiology Relate:
Psychodynamic Explanation
Freud
Unfalsifiable Ethics
Debates
Determinism vs Free Will
Nomothetic vs Idiographic
A lot more to our subconscious than
consciousness minds
There is no empirical evidence and the
concept cannot scientifically be proven
Repressed memories
Trauma
Conflict between the ID (Selfish desires),
super ego and ego that has been repressed
into the unconscious mind.
How Schizophrenia and Physiology Relate:
Behavioural Explanation
Studies
Positives
Debates
Determinism vs Free Will
Nature vs Nurture
Easy to observe
Paul and Lentz (1977) –
Attrition because
longitudinal experiment
Paul and Lentz (1977)
Comer (2005)
Observation the most commonly used technique
To read more on this topic: http://bjp.rcpsych.org/content/153/4/532.short
How Schizophrenia and Physiology Relate:
Cognitive Explanation
Majority of the changes of a Schizophrenic
sufferer are in the brain.
• Less grey matter (As shown in the
picture)
• Swollen ventricles
• Less metabolic activity
Studies:
• Glenn, Gorden, Helmut, Hof (2002)
To read more on this topic: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364661302018922
How Schizophrenia and Physiology Relate
• The physiology of schizophrenia plays a very important part of creating new treatments for suffers as well as understanding the disease better as a whole to help guide the research to better aid suffers.
• Many people suffering from schizophrenia fail to experience significant recovery, even if they are receiving medical treatment (Kirkpatrick, 2013). This has been shown in the past because of the focus on the more prominent symptoms (Positive symptoms) instead of all of the symptoms that are effecting the individual. Finding help for the sufferers will have to combine treatments to stop all symptoms occurring within the individual.
Research:
Understanding the Physiology of SchizophreniaBy Brian Kirkpatrick
Treatments of Schizophrenia should be multilayered
Dopamine SystemMost antipsychotic drugs only
inhibit the dopaminergic function
and nothing else.
Acetylcholine SystemPreliminary evidence suggests that
the agonists can improve cognitive
and negative symptoms in
schizophrenia.
Physiologic AbnormalitiesIncreased mortality rates are related
not only to suicide but also to other
contributors like diabetes and
inflammation
The parts of the brain that are effected by schizophrenia
The Aim and Objective of Research
• The aim of research relating to schizophrenia and physiology is solely to help
the people suffering from schizophrenia live a relatively content and
functional life.
• The objectives of the research include
• Researching more medication to help majority of the symptoms in every part of the
sufferer instead of focusing on the worst symptoms.
• Assessing the counselling and psychological regimes given to suffers to better aid their
progress.
Conclusion
• Genes are not the sole problem in relation to the develop of Schizophrenia
but are influenced by environment. Therefore, the relationship between the
environment and the genetic makeup is shown to explain higher degree of
heritability among relatives.
More fluid was found in the ventricles of the twin with Schizophrenia The different parts of the brain activity
References
• Bentall, R. P. (Ed.). (2013). Reconstructing schizophrenia. Routledge.
• Comer, R. J. (2005). Fundamentals of abnormal psychology (4th ed.). New York: Worth.
• Kirkpatrick, B. (2013). Understanding the Physiology of Schizophrenia [CME]. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, E05-E05. Retrieved October 15, 2014, from http://depressiontribunegrel.wordpress.com/2013/06/16/understanding-the-physiology-of-schizophrenia/
• Meyer-Lindenberg, A. (2010). From maps to mechanisms through neuroimaging of schizophrenia. Nature,468(7321), 194-202. Retrieved October 2, 2014, from http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v468/n7321/full/nature09569.html
• Paul, G.L., & Lentz, R.J. (1977). Psychosocial Treatment of Chronic Mental Patients: Milieu versus social-learning programs. Behavior Therapy, 607-610.
• Sanders, G., Gallup, G., Heinsen, H., Hof, P., & Schmitz, C. (2002). Cognitive deficits, schizophrenia, and the anterior cingulate cortex. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6(5), 190-192.
• Tarrier, N., Barrowclough, C., Vaughn, C., Bamrah, J., Porceddu, K., Watts, S., & Freeman, H. (1988). The community management of schizophrenia. A controlled trial of a behavioural intervention with families to reduce relapse. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 2(4), 532-542.