SCATTER-SELMA joint workshop, Brussels, 8 June 2004 Testing potential solutions to control urban...
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Transcript of SCATTER-SELMA joint workshop, Brussels, 8 June 2004 Testing potential solutions to control urban...
SCATTER-SELMA joint workshop, Brussels, 8 June 2004
Testing potential solutionsto control urban sprawl
The Brussels case city
2
SCATTER-SELMA joint workshop, 8 June 2004
Brussels Metropolitan
area:
- 2.9 millions inhabitants
- 1.2 million jobs
Brussels-Capital Region:
-1 million inhabitants
- 650 000 jobs
- lost 120 000 inhabitants
in 30 years
3
SCATTER-SELMA joint workshop, 8 June 2004
Investment cost: about 900 millions € - 8 new linesShort run impact on mobility: strong modal shift towards PTLong run impact on spatial structure: risk of re-launch of urban sprawl
The RER project
4
SCATTER-SELMA joint workshop, 8 June 2004
The 9 lines of the RER of Brussels
The RER project
5
SCATTER-SELMA joint workshop, 8 June 2004
Effect on the number of households in the Brussels-Capital Region
Brussels case city: Effect of policies on the number of induced households in the urban centre
112113
114
115
301
302
312313
322 413421422
423424
425
513
514
515516517
518
519
521
813812811
512511
412
411331
121
311
321
-5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
Tested scenario
Num
ber
of
induce
d h
ousehold
s
6
SCATTER-SELMA joint workshop, 8 June 2004
Effect on the number of households in the urban areas
Brussels case city: Effect of policies on the number of induced households in urban zones
112113114115 301
302
312
313
322413
421
422423
424
425
513
514
515516
517
518519
521
813
812811
512511
412411
331
121
311
321
-3%
-2%
-1%
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
Tested scenario
Num
ber
of
induce
d h
ousehold
s
7
SCATTER-SELMA joint workshop, 8 June 2004Effect on the CO2 emissions
Brussels case city: Effect of policies on the CO2 emissions
112113
114
115 301302
312313
322
413
421
422423
424
425513
514
515516
517518519
521
321
311
121
331
411
412
511
512
811 812813
-25%
-20%
-15%
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
Tested scenario
CO
2 e
mis
sio
ns
(eq.t
ons/e
v.peak h
)
8
SCATTER-SELMA joint workshop, 8 June 2004
Synthesis of results (1/3)
Most effective policies
(i) with regard to urban concentration and land consumption:
Road pricing Fiscal measures related to land use Regulatory land use measure
Indirect effects of land use policies: Household-targeted policies: indirect effects on employment Employment-targeted policies: indirect effects on population
9
SCATTER-SELMA joint workshop, 8 June 2004
Synthesis of results (2/3)
All policies decreasing the generalised transport cost incite to urban sprawl:
Improvement of PT commercial speed Reduction of PT fare Decrease of access time to rail stations
Decrease of the generalised transport cost limited to the central area makes it more attractive:
See the results of the policy improving the PT commercial speed within the Brussels-Capital Region
10
SCATTER-SELMA joint workshop, 8 June 2004
Synthesis of results – Individual measures (3/3) Most effective policies
(ii) with regard to fuel consumption and air quality: Road pricing Parking pricing + parking capacity restriction Express buses
Cordon pricing: Decrease of employment in the urban centre
Parking policy: Negative effect on employment Hence : spatial competition to be carefully considered when implementing such a
policy
11
SCATTER-SELMA joint workshop, 8 June 2004Impacts ofthe combination 813 in the case of Brussels
Components of the combination 813:
Increase of car cost per km (+ 50 %) congestion pricing : increase of car use cost during the peak hours in
the RER area
Decrease of PT fare for trips to work place (- 20 %) Fiscal measure on residential developments
impact fee on new residential site developments fiscal reduction in urban areas
Fiscal measure on services to business annual impact fee per employee when located in areas poorly served
by public transport
12
SCATTER-SELMA joint workshop, 8 June 2004
Types of scenarios:2015 RER network Decrease of PT fare Fiscal measure on housholdsPriority measures Increase of car use cost Fiscal measure on services to business(new 2015 reference) Combination of measures
(1) The effect of the RER network is calculated in comparison with the 2015 reference scenario
(2) The effect of the priority measures is calculated in comparison with the 2015 RER scenario
(3) The effect of the priority measures is calculated in comparison with the 2015 reference scenario
The effects of the other meaures are calculated in comparison with the priority measures
Effects of the measures on the number of induced households in the urban zones of the study area
7 925
4 917
-2 187
-12 384
4 844
12 575
-3 620
-14 571
8 0766 778
-20 000
-15 000
-10 000
-5 000
0
5 000
10 000
15 000
RE
R n
etw
ork
(1
)
prio
rity
me
asu
res
(2)
resu
lt o
f th
ep
riorit
y m
ea
sure
s(3
) 9.4
bis
10
.2 b
is
13
.2 b
is
14
.2 b
is
Co
mb
ina
tion
1:
10
.2 +
9.4
+1
3.2
.2
Co
mb
ina
tion
2:
10
.2 +
9.4
+ 1
4.2
Co
mb
ina
tion
3:
10
.2 +
9.4
+1
3.2
.2 +
14
.2
Scenario
Ch
ang
e o
f th
e n
um
ber
of
ind
uce
d
ho
use
ho
lds
Effect on the number of households in the urban areas
13
SCATTER-SELMA joint workshop, 8 June 2004
Types of scenarios:2015 RER network Decrease of PT fare Fiscal measure on housholdsPriority measures Increase of car use cost Fiscal measure on services to business(new 2015 reference) Combination of measures
(1) The effect of the RER network is calculated in comparison with the 2015 reference scenario
(2) The effect of the priority measures is calculated in comparison with the 2015 RER scenario
(3) The effect of the priority measures is calculated in comparison with the 2015 reference scenario
The effects of the other meaures are calculated in comparison with the priority measures
Effects of the measures on the number of induced jobs in the urban zones of the study area
11 518
6 193
3 2934 154
1 021
12 311
179
7 447
6 5505 490
0
2 000
4 000
6 000
8 000
10 000
12 000
14 000
RE
R n
etw
ork
(1
)
prio
rity
me
asu
res
(2)
resu
lt o
f th
e p
riorit
ym
ea
sure
s (3
)
9.4
bis
10
.2 b
is
13
.2 b
is
14
.2 b
is
Co
mb
ina
tion
1:
10
.2 +
9.4
+ 1
3.2
.2
Co
mb
ina
tion
2:
10
.2 +
9.4
+ 1
4.2
Co
mb
ina
tion
3:
10
.2 +
9.4
+ 1
3.2
.2+
14
.2
Scenario
Ch
ang
e o
f th
e n
um
ber
of
ind
uce
d j
ob
s
Effect on the number of jobs in the urban areas
14
SCATTER-SELMA joint workshop, 8 June 2004
Types of scenarios:2015 RER network Decrease of PT fare Fiscal measure on housholdsPriority measures Increase of car use cost Fiscal measure on services to business(new 2015 reference) Combination of measures
(1) The effect of the RER network is calculated in comparison with the 2015 reference scenario
(2) The effect of the priority measures is calculated in comparison with the 2015 RER scenario
(3) The effect of the priority measures is calculated in comparison with the 2015 reference scenario
The effects of the other meaures are calculated in comparison with the priority measures
(*): Vehicle-kilometers made by private car in the study area, including the entering and outgoing traffic, at the morning peak hour (7 a.m.-9 a.m.), for all travel purposes
Effect of the measures on the number of vehicle - kilometers made by private car in the study area (*)
-1 245 923
-1 361 451
55 371
-840 032-774 989
-4 187
-1 365 907
-163 660
-1 615 021
-1 416 744
-1 800 000
-1 600 000
-1 400 000
-1 200 000
-1 000 000
-800 000
-600 000
-400 000
-200 000
0
200 000
RE
R n
etw
ork
(1
)
prio
rity
me
asu
res
(2)
resu
lt o
f th
ep
riorit
y m
ea
sure
s(3
) 9.4
bis
10
.2 b
is
13
.2 b
is
14
.2 b
is
Co
mb
ina
tion
1:
10
.2 +
9.4
+1
3.2
.2
Co
mb
ina
tion
2:
10
.2 +
9.4
+ 1
4.2
Co
mb
ina
tion
3:
10
.2 +
9.4
+1
3.2
.2 +
14
.2
Scénario testé
Var
iati
on
en
véh
icu
les-
km
Effect on the vehicle-km by car