Page 466 Internationa! Congress of Vexillology FiagBerlm2007

Only one week after the Jura section had adopted its flag, the Basel section had its flag blessed also on 27 February 2005 in Muttenz.The section had been established in October 1955. In 2003 a flag committee began toproduce various flag designs, and in 2004 two of them were presented to the general assembly of the section I62i. The delegates favoured a modern design, which then was produced by Heimgartner using a Julius- banner damask of pure silk. The flag measures 140x152 cms, bearing a red border at the hoist on both sides with the inscription in white “EHEM.pApstliche SCHWEIZER- GARDISTEN REGION

Sections “Bern”, “Solothurn”, “Argovia”, “Sottoselva” and “Svizzera itahana” do not have a flag.

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Emil Dreyer. CH Flags of the pope s Swiss Guard since 1798

22. International Congress of Vexillology FlagBerlin2007 Page 467

Endnoten:1. Arthur William FTchclIs III: «Thc Swiss Guard of the Popes, flags and uniforms and their

inter-relations, the earlv period 1506-1798”, paper presented at the XXII international congress of vexillologty 6 to 10 August 2007, Berlin.

2. Paul i\I. Krieg: “Die Schweizergarde in Rom”, Verlag Rabcr & Cie AG, Luzern, 1960.3. I'rederic Theodore Dubois: “Die W'appen der Kommandanten dcr Schweizergardc in Rom”,

in: Sdm-ei-:(er Archir fur I \era1dik - Archives f leraldicfues Suisses, A° XIA'llI, 1934, N° 3, pp. 132- 1.37.

4. Christian-Roland Marcel Richard: «l.a Cmardia Svizzera Ponitificia nel crirso dei secoli», Leonardo International, Milano, 2005, ISBN 88-88828-34-6

5. Fuirico Ghisi; “11 tricolorc itahano (1796-1870)”, Rizzoli & C., Milano, 1931, IX, pp. 74-80.6. Aldo Ziggioto: „Le bandiere degli Stati italiani, 6) Gli Stati deiritalia centrale, parte II, L) La

Repubbiica Romana del 1798-99» in: Armi Autiche, Bolletino dell’Accademia di S. Marciano, Tfjrino, 1982.

7. Luigi Zara: “La Bandiera Pontifica“, in: Kivistn Anrldiat, n° 27, 1929, Roma, pp. 134-1378. Paul M. Krieg, (,)p. cit., pp. 290-297.9. Paul M. Krieg, op. cit., p. 298.10. Leonard von Matt, Hans Kuhner: ,,Die P:ipste“, NZN Buchverlag, Zurich, 1963, p. 211.11. N.a.: «Die Papstliche Schweizergardc. Zeitgenossische Stichc und Aquarelle vf)m 16. bis zum

20. jahrhundert aus der Privatsammlung des Hauptmanns Roman l'ringeli“, mit Beitriigen von G. Cantelli, C. Marra und R. VCalpen, Verlag Schnell + Steiner GmbH, Regensburg, 2006, ISBN 3-7954-1783-X.

12. Anonymous: “Memoria della Bandiera del Cotpo della Cjuardia Svizzera Pont.a del Pontificato di Papa Ciregorio XVI.”, Archive of the Swiss Guard, Vatican City, no date. rXtract: // Pcjfa Pio V!!I la rinnovd nel 1829. Sotto il Pontificato di Creffjrio AT 7 non venue cambiato che lo Stemma del Pontifice. Sotto a cinesto venina in que! tempo posto anche h Stemma gentilifo del Capita no comandante la iinardia pro tempore.

13. This image is presented with kind permission of Capt. Roman I'ringeli (owner of the print), of Mr. Marco Cupellaro (catalog editor) and of Mr. Alberto Medri (photographer). This image has first been published on page 77 of the catalogue of the Swiss (xuard exhibitif>n at the Knights of Columbus Museum in New Haven, Connecticut, USA, celebrating the 500 vears of Papal Sendee, ISBN 0-9777867-2-2.

14. Historisch-Biographisches Lexikon der Schweiz, fiinfter Band. Neuenburg, 1929, pp. 426- 429.

15. Carl Lrdmann: «Das Wappen und die I'ahne der Rdmischen Kirche», in: OneUen und i'orschnngen in italienischen Archiven and Pibliotheken^ \3)l. 22, 1931, \X . Regcnberg, Rom, p. 253.

16. Aldo Ziggioto: “La Bandiera della Marina Pontifica di ldnanza“, in: H finanf ere, anno LXXXVI, n° 10, 31 maggio 1972, pp. 21-22.

17. Anonvmous: “Raccolta dellc Bandiere di tutte Ic Potenze Marittimc». Compilata su quclla pubblicata dall'idrografo inglese G. Norie e dalF ingeniere geografo francese j. A. Dezanche e su aitri documenti ufficiali. Rcalc Ufficio Tipograflco, Napoli, 1834.

18. Depperman Ik Ruschke, I lamburg, no date (probablv 1844).19. Rev. Wdiliam M. Becker: <d'1ags of the Papal States I800-187()», in: The \dag HnUetin, N° 213,

Vol. XLll, N° 5, September-October 2003, Winchester, Mass., USA, ISSN 0015-3370.20. Cedric de lT)ugerollc: “Drapeaux du pape et des Ltats de FLglise”, in; \'ranciae I exilla, N'^

39/85, September 2005, Paris, ISSN 1270-0096.21. y\ldo Ziggioto: „Le bandiere degli Stati italiani», op. cit., p. 109.22. Robert Roval: „The Pope's Armv“, The Crossroad Publishing Company, New York, 2006,

ISBN 13: 978-0-8245-239.5-4, p. 128.23. Ciaston Castella: «La Garde I'idele du Saint-Pere», avec ill. en couleurs de L'rad Lay, editions

de la Cle d’Or, Paris, 1935, p. 162.24. M. A. Le Gras: “Album des Pavilions, Guidons, Llammes de routes les puissances maritimes

avec texte par M.A. Le Gras», public sous le Ministere de S.Fk I'Amiral Hamelin. Au Depot des Cartes et Plans de la Marine, fihromolith. par Auguste Brv, Paris, 1858.

Flags of the pope s Swiss Guard since 1798 Emil Dreyer, CH

Page 46822. Inlemalioriai Congress of Vexillology FlaqBerlin20Q7

""" Rdhions Slatkine, Geneve, 2005, ISBN 2-

d-A„e, in

3-89"2^,438Tp"i‘? GmbH, 85221 Dechen. ISBN

la A ■P "" ^ bandnra mn vemvapm esposta mils festnita ^2.). Anonymous, “Memoria della Bandieta ... di Paoa Pio IX” .n r. „ ,

iS ptm ix!"'' Dec. I,

^mkn. chs mos^mm bsm / solo, « ,m„dlsm Vondfia. co„ ,mlli mZLZ

33 *^°“™'Vcrlag, Brie, 1975 p 74

Pcrdinand Nicdcrberger: „BrieRvechsel zwischen Dr Robert Durrer Sr^n. 1 j

3. ^

36. N-a- ‘DieneueFahnedcrSchv eiaergarde” op. cit., plate V.37. Duty ehromcle of the Sv-iss Guard. Vatican City, manuscript, U.1933 (NeuiahrV

n":i Btrtitf;.?-” "■-• >“ «“-r -fr"»- x,. *.® vrDi7^rc™:sj.;vTO^^^^^ "•■ ■-”'■•

43. Duty chronicle of the Swiss Pontifical Guard, op. cit„ lahresbcrich, 1967 o 30 3

200riSBN SsSoA^^ M^«hione Editore, Varese,98 ’ scconda (corpi nulitan pontifici disciold nel 1970), pp. 75-

Emil Dreyer. CHFlags of the pope s Swiss Guard since 1798

22 Irtenationai Copqress of VexiHoiogy FIaqBe''!in2007 Page 469

45. H. J. von Brockhusen: “Zum Wappen des Papstes aus Polcn”, in; DerVUrold^ Band 9, 1978- 1980, Berlin, pp. 253-254

46. Stephen Slater: “The complete book of Heraldry”, Lorenz Books, Anness Publishing Ltd, I.x>ndon, 2002, ISBN 0-7548-1062-3, p. 150.

47. Gerard Tomasetti, Hans Gehrig: <rArmoirics des Commandants dc la Garde Suisse Pontificalc, d’apres Ic.s frc.sques dc San Pellegrino ct dc san Martino, Cite du Vatican», a hand painted armorial plate, 1967. Four copies exist, one at the Pope's Swis.s Guard archive in Rome, one at the Museum of Swiss in Foreign Sen ice in Coppet and one each is held by the authors.

48. Robert Walpen, op. cit., p. 11549. Jens Pattke: “Habemus Papam - wir haben einen Papst”, in: DGV-lnformaHonen^ Nr. 6, Juni

2005, Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Flaggenkunde, pp. 3-4.50. Roger Harmignics: “Lcs armoiries du Pape Benoit XVI », in; Archives Weraldtques Suisses —

Schiveie^r Arebivfiir}UraldiK.\le^%.v^^ 11-2005, ISSN 1423-0534,pp. 125-128.51. Hanns Arnulf Hngels: “Das ncuc papstliche ’9('appen”, in: Archives ileraldiques Suisses, op. cit,

pp. 129-30.52. Urs Hahn: “75 Jahre Vereinigung ehcmaligcr papstlicher Schweizergardisten 1921-1996” in:

Der Ex-Gardist, J^sAmeNS, 1 Aix-Guardia, Pfaffhausen, Nr, 62/1997, pp. 14-15.53. Hans Ocrtle, editor of the PSGVA review “Dcr Schweizergardist”, Pfaffhausen, letter and

documentation sent to the author on 19 February 2007.54. Robert Clement, Fribourg, letters sent to the author on 28 February 2007 and 12 May 2007.55. Nicolaus Cadalbcrt, Rhcineck, letter sent to the author on 19 March 2007.56. Werner BcUwald, Sion, letter and documentation sent to the author on 25 January 2007.57. Rinaldo Imhof, Begnins, letter and documentation sent to the author on 24 April 2007-58. Stephan Vogler, W'asterkingen, letter sent to the author on 12June 2007.59. Lorenzo Odermatt, Kmmenbriicke, letter and picture sent to the author on 22 June 2007.60. Jean-CJaude Veya, Devclier, communication to the author on 6 June 2007.61. \X’erner Affentranger, Bottmingcn, letters and documentation sent to the author on 14 and

16 May 2007.62. Thomas Machlcr, Ettingcn, letter and documentation sent to the author on 10 Februarj*

2007.

Credit of Illustrations:Stefan Meier: Ills.: lb, 4b, 17b, 19, 24, 27, 29a, 31, 35b, 39a, 41, 50, 51a, 55, 56a, 56b, 61, 65, 66,67,69,71,74.Fimil Dreyer: Ills.; 2, 3, 13, 15, 18, 20, 22, 25, 57, 59, 62, 63, 68, 70, 75, 76,77a, 77b, 78, 79, 80a,80b, 81,82,89,90,91,93.• Ills. 6, 11; From Roman FringeH’s coUectirm in; “Die Papstliche Schweizcrgarde“, by G.

CantcUi, C. Marra and R. Walpen, Schncll+Stcincr, Regensburg, 2006 (ISBN 3-7954-1783-pp. 207,244.

• 111. 10: Alberto Mcdri, photographer, in: „Thc Swiss Guard, Celebrating 500 >'ears of Papal Service”, edited by Marco Cupcllaro and Paola Fiorlctta, Knights of Columbus Museum, New Haven, Connecticut, CSA, 2006, ISBN 0-9777867-2-2, p. 77.

• Ills, la, 4a, 5, 7, 9, 26a: From Fernando del Arco: “Ucraldica Papal”, Editorial Bitacora S.A., San Fernando de Henares, 1993, ISBN 84-465-0001-9, pp. 173, 175,177,179,181,185.

• Ills. 16,: From a postcard, Bruno Bernard Heim, Zimmer Vcriag, Trier, n.d.• III. 23: From Antonio Serrano: „Dtc Schweizergarde dcr Papste, Baycrland GmbH, Dachau,

ISBN 3-89251-138-1, p. 109.• 111. 29b, 35a: From Otto Hupp; „Munchener Kalendcr“, Vcrlagsansialt vormals G. J. Manz

Aki.-Gcs., Miinchcn-Rcgcnshurg. January 1906 (Pius X),Januar)’ 1916 (Benedict XV).• HI. 33: Courtes) Swiss National Museum, Zurich.• Ills. 34: From „Sch>vcizcr Archiv fiir lieraldik - Archives Hcraldiques Suisses”

Flogs of the pope’s Swiss Guard smee 1798 Emil Dreyer, CH

Page 470 22. [nternalional Congress of Vexillology FlagBerlin2007

• Ills 36, 38, 39b: I-Vom Donald landsay Galbrcath: „Papal Heraldn“, second edition revised\dl VUl >972, ISBN 0 90045522 5, title plate, plates

• 111. 42:1-rom a postcard, BR. 059, da fotocolor Giordani, Citti del Vaticano, n.d.• Ills. 43a, 45, 52a: IVom Bruno Bernard Heim: “Heraldn in the Catholic Church” Van

Duren, Cierrards Cross, 1978, ISBN 0905715 05-5, plate VIll, plate 1, title plate.!''■ “Ri-'gol'-imcntf) Organico Disciplinare e .Vmministrativo della Guardia Svi/zeraI ontificia , Tipografia Poliglotta Vaticana, 1959,Ills. 44, 83: Courtesy of Nathalie Chavannes, curator. Museum of the Swiss in the World Penthes. ’III. 5lb: Prom “Rcgolamento Organico Disciplinare e Amministrativo della Guardia Svizzera I ontificia’ ,Tipogratia Poliglotta Vaticana, 1976.

'a '-’f Heraldtv”, Lorenz Books, London,2002, ISBN 0-7548-1062-3, p. 150.

• Ills. 60, 64a, 64b, 100: Courtesy of I'ahnen Heimgartncr & Co,, Wil.• Schweizetgardist”

rtatthausen.• Ills. 88, 95, 98: Courtesy of Werner iVffcntranger, Bottmingen, PSGX'A Basel section• Ills. 84 85, 86, 87, 92, 96, 99, 100, 102: Courtesy- of Werner BelKvald, curator, Zentrum

Ciardc, Niatcrs.• Ills. 94a, 94b: Courtesy- of Rinaldo Imhof, Begnins, PSGVA, Lcmania section.

111. 97: Courtesy of I,orcnzo Odermatt, Lmmenbruckc, PSGX'A, Zentralschwciz section.Ilk 100a, 100b, 100c, lOOd, 103: Courtesy of Thomas Machler, Lttignen, PSGVA president ot liasci section. ’ ^

Pontifical Swiss Guard archives, Vatican City, Courtesv tif Major Peter Hasler: Ills 8 12 Da 21 26b, 28,30,32,3'^, 46,53,54,58. ^ t , ,

Lcderal Army- Library, Berne, files of the Charles helix Keller collection: Ills. 47, 48, 49.

Captain Roman Lringeli, Rome: Ilk: 14

Acknowledgements:I am very much indebted in gratitude to major Peter Hasler. archivist of the Pontifical Swiss Guard in the Vatican, for his selfless assistance given to me and for the detailed documentation he had sent me several years ago.

I thank Stefan Meier, Wettingen, photographer of the Guard, who has given me his kind permission to use his wonderful high-resolution colour pictures of Guard life, flags and documents.Captain Rpman Frinqeli, Rome, has opened for me his archives of superb old prints and given me his permission to use images of those prints. Thank you.I wish to express my gratitude to Mrs. Nathalie Chavannes. curator at the Chateau-de-Penthesmuseum near Geneva, for letting me roam the museum library and sending me the pictures I wanted.I'd like to thank my dear colleague Arthur Etchells for the fruitful exchange of ideas, the excellent collaboration in our common project and for correcting my English version of the paper Robert Clement, president of the Fribourg section of the PSGVA, has very much helped me to research and photograph the flags in his section’s archive.

of Lucerne military museum in Kriens, has guided me through his amazing collections and kindly helped me to take pictures of the flags on exhibition.

Emil Dreyer. CH Flags of the pope's Swiss Guard since 1798

22, International Congress of Ve.xilloiogy FlagBeriin2007 Page 471

I also thank Werner Bellwald. from the Valais museum association, for allowing me to take pictures at the Pontifical Swiss Guard museum in Naters and for sending me pictures of other ex-Guard flags.I am grateful to Thomas Machler. president of the Basel section of the Pontifical Swiss Guard Veteran’s Association, for his valuable help in my research of the veteran guards associations’ flags.I appreciate the kind assistance of Hans Gertie, redactor of the PSGVA review “Der Ex-Gardist”.I also thank Nicolaus Cadalbert, president of the Oriental Swiss PSGVA, for his kind assistance in my research.Colonel Dominic Pedrazzini. from the Federal Army Library in Berne, has kindly provided flag pictures of other Vatican guards.Marco Cupellaro, Rome, organiser of the New Haven exhibition, and his photographer Alberto Medri, Rome, have given me their kind permission to use their image of a Fringeli print.Reverend Alovs von Euw. Morschach, introduced me in April and June 2000 to key persons in my Swiss Guard flag research.I thank Andreas Wickv, RapperswiI, who on 26 May 2000 sent me valuable documentation.

I also aknowledge the kind assistance of the following veteran Swiss guards: Stephan Vogler, Lorenz Odermatt, Werner Affentranger, Peter Holzer, Jean-Claude Veya, Urs Muller, Johannes Blochliger, Gerold Brunner, Ernst Kissel, Rene Hoff.

Emil Dreyer was born 1952 in Wettingen, Switzerland, his father being Swiss, his mother Spanish. He spent his childhood in Switzerland, his youth in Spain and returned to Switzerland for his studies in medicine at the University of Berne. Following postgraduate training in various hospitals for 9 years he settled in 1988 as a general practitioner in a suburb community near Berne. He is married and has three adult daughters.Emil Dreyer has participated in many international FIAV congresses, has published irregularly in vexillological periodicals since 1977 and is a corresponding or subscribing member of the most important

vexilloiogical associations of FIAV as well as of several heraldic associations. He is engaged in flag consulting throughout Switzerland.He ist the president of the Swiss Vexillological Society since 1998 and acts as well as secretary to the Swiss Heraldic Society. He served as a honorary FIAV secretary-general from 1991 to 1997 and is a Fellow of the Federation.

Address of the author:Dr. Emil Dreyer Flurweg 43 CH-3052 Zollikofen SWITZERLAND e-mail: edrever@bluewin.ch

About the author

Flags of the pope's Swiss Guard since 1798 Emil Dreyer, CH