Scaling up Adaptation Strategies for Climate Resilient...
Transcript of Scaling up Adaptation Strategies for Climate Resilient...
Scaling up Adaptation Strategies for Climate Resilient Agriculture
Dr. K. Sammi ReddyDirector (Acting)
ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland AgricultureHyderabad, Telangana, India
Email: [email protected]
COP 24 @ Katowice: Side Event at Indian Pavilion on 5th December 2018
Climate Change Scenarios in India
(IMD 2013)
Carbon dioxide concentration has crossed 410
ppm.
Mean temperature increased by ~1oC.
Seasons shifting.
Winter season shortened.
The number of cold days and nights has decreased
and the number of warm days and nights has
increased globally
In India significant increase in mean maximum
temperature is observed in many states in the last
60 years
Rainfall variability is increasing
Sea level risen by ~20 cm, to rise by ~50 cm by
2100. (IPCC 2014)
Frequency of El Nino - Drought on the rise
No. of years experienced drought 1870-1939: 10 where as during 1940-2010:15
Extreme Events in the recent past India
Trend in rainy days during Southwest Monsoon Season (1981-2010)
Rainfall Distribution is Crucial:Scenarios of 2016 and 2017, Normal Monsoon Years
Even with normal monsoon in
2016 and 2017:
• 34 and 18% area had deficit
rainfall
• 19 and 21% excess, respectively
19%
(21%)
44%
(61%)
34%
(18%)
3%
Excess (>20% normal)
Normal (-20% to +20%
normal)
Deficient (-20% to -
40% normal)
Scanty (<-40%
normal)
Year Rainfall Departure (%)
2000 -8
2001 -15
2002 -19
2003 +2
2004 -13
2005 -1
2006 -1
2007 +5
2008 -2
2009 -23
2010 +2
2011 +1
2012 -8
2013 +6
2014 -12
2015 -14
2016 -2
2017 -4
Impacts of Climate Change on Various Crops
Rice MustardWheat
Irrigated rice yields to reduce by ~4% in 2020, ~7% in 2050
and ~10% in 2080 scenarios. Rainfed rice will be less
affected.
Wheat production to reduce by ~4% in 2020, ~15% by
2050 and ~20% by 2080.
Mustard production to reduce by ~4% by 2020, ~25% by
2050 and ~50% by 2080. SN Kumar et al. (2015)
Positive Effects of Climate Change
Simulation studies indicate on an average, future climate would
have a positive impact on productivity of rainfed soybean in the
country (Soybean)
The maximum positive impact of future climate was observed
on chickpea, which showed an average increase in productivity
ranging from 23 to 54%. However, a large spatial variability for
magnitude of change in the productivity is projected
(Chickpea)
National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA)
Components NICRA Network
ATARI
• Unique project brings all sectors of agriculture viz., crops, horticulture,
livestock, fisheries, NRM and extension scientists on one platform.
National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) Project
Mandate
To undertake strategic research on adaptation and mitigation
To validate and demonstrate climate resilient technologies on
farmers' fields.
To strengthen the capacity of scientists and other stakeholders
in climate resilient agriculture
To draw policy guidelines for wider scale adoption of
resilience-enhancing technologies and options
To enhance the resilience of Indian agriculture to climatic
variability and climate change
Challenge
State of Art Infrastructure Facilities/ Equipment in NICRA
Satellite data receptionAutomatic Weather
Station
FATE
Plant growth ChamberRainout Shelter
Tharmal Imaging System
Eddy covariance Flux tower
Cage harvested Cobia fishFV Silver Pompano Environmental Chamber
High Though put Plant Phenomics facility
Calorimetric Chamber
Environmental Chamber Multi gas analyzer Photosynthesis SystemBiochar making system
CTGCGas Chromatography
Developed District level vulnerability atlas of the country
GHG inventory for different cropping systems and
production systems.
GHG emissions quantified from Conservation Agriculture
(CA) – 15 to 20% reduction
Resource conservation technologies (Biochar, zero tillage,
reduced tillage, mulching etc.)
C Sequestration in different agroforestry systems (16-22 t C
ha-1 )
Natural Resource Management
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
% d
istr
icts
VH H M L VL
State-wise distribution of districts with different levels of vulnerability
Vulnerability Atlas has been prepared and vulnerable districts identified
About 229 districts were found to be high to very highly vulnerable to climate change
Large number of germplasm screened for drought, heat, salinity,
submergence tolerance etc. in different field and horticultural crops,
for identifying donors for stress tolerance.
Number of advance breeding materials was generated and
evaluated at multi-locations for developing new cultivars.
QTL for drought tolerance was introgressed into pusa basmati rice
varieties. Two rice genotypes for submergence tolerance was
registered with NBPGR. One salinity tolerant variety is in final year
of AICRP trials. Three superior heat tolerant hybrids were developed.
Four drought tolerant rice varieties were released for Tripura.
Two extra-early (50-55 days) green gram varieties were identified
for summer cultivation (IPM 409-4, IPM 205-7) and one multiple
stress tolerance redgram wild accession (C. scarabaeoides).
Five heat tolerant and 12 drought tolerant genotypes in tomato.
Number of mapping population in rice, wheat, maize were
developed for identifying QTL for various abiotic stresses in these
crops for utilization in MAS breeding.
Development of Stress Tolerant Crop Varieties
Inter-specific grafting technique (tomato over brinjal) for flood
Environmentally safe protocol for induction of synchronized
flowering
High Throughput Screening of Germplasm using Plant Phenomics,
Temperature Gradient Chambers, Rainout Shelters (Two high
temperature tolerant tomato hybrids, IIHR 335, 339; four flood
tolerant onion accessions, 1656, W 397, W 441 and Arka
Pitamber)
Allometric equations developed to estimate above and below
ground biomass and carbon in mango
Horticulture
Climate Change Adaptation
Ch
ang
e fr
om
mea
n y
ield
s
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
Improvedmanagement +Existing variety
ExistingManagement +
Improved variety
BMP's (soil,water, crop) withstress tolerant
variety
Impact
CRIDA
Natural Resource Management Technologies • Long Term Strategy: Efficiently Conserve and Utilize Efficiently
• Short term strategy: In-seasonal tactical approaches to mitigate adverse effects of weather aberrations
• Preparedness: Drought preparedness is essential for successful implementation of real time contingencyplanning.
Rainwater Management (In-situ moisture conservation & Ex-situ water harvesting technologies)
Renovation of water harvesting structures
Conservation Agriculture
Promising Cropping Systems
Tank silt/manure application
Application of novel materials such as polymers, zeolites etc.
• Delayed Monsoon: Contingent crops/crop varieties
• In-Season Measures: Early, Mid-season & Terminal droughts
Conservation furrow
Mulching
Crop adaptations
Foliar Sprays
Boosting dose of fertilizers
Agricultural Contingency Plans for Mitigating In-Season Droughts/dry
spells
South Asia Seasonal
Climate Outlook
Forum-2018
Normal monsoon for much of India
Less than normal rainfall. -Southern
states particularly Tamil Nadu, Parts of
NE states, Parts of Karnataka, AP (small
portion in Rayalaseema), Rajasthan
(western part) and Gujarat (Kutch
region)
Higher than normal rainfall-Large parts
of Odisah, Norht Corastal AP
State-level ICAR-DAC-Line Department-SAU-KVK Interface meetings on Preparedness for Agricultural
Contingencies during Kharif 2018
State Date
Tamilnadu 25th May 2018
Andhra Pradesh
2nd August 2018
Sensitization
workshops
Arunachal Pradesh-
14th Sep 2018
Mizoram- 25th Sept
2018
Climate Resilient Villages and Their Upscaling
Climate Resilient Village
Integrated approach
• Preparedness: In-situ/Ex-situ soil moisture conservation
• Suitable crop/crop varieties
• Contingency measures
• POPs : Nutrient, weed, pest and disease management
Established 151 Climate Resilient Villages
Resilient villages involved in
some of the states
• Uttar Pradesh (17)
• Madhya Pradesh (12)
• Maharashtra (11)
• Bihar (8)
• Rajasthan (7)
• Gujarat (6)
• Assam (6)
Selection of Vulnerable
District (Vulnerability atlas)
Selection of Vulnerable
Village/ Block
Base line survey
Problem Identification
Prioritisation of Problems
Technological Options
Budget Estimates
Implementation Plan
Establishment of Village Level Institutions
Convergence with ongoing
schemes
Project Implementation
Capacity Building
Impact studiesStake holders ICAR Institutes Sate Agril Universities KVKs/NGOs Line Departments Farmer representatives
Process of Establishing CRVs
Technological Interventions for Enabling Climate Resilience
Weather
1. Village weather stations
2. Automatic weather stations
3. Weather based agro-advisory
4.Documenation of aberrant weather conditions
5. Awareness building through extension
6. Real time measures adverse weather
Water
1. Aquifer recharge
2. Ground water recharge
3. In-situ-moisture conservation
4. Farm ponds
5. Efficient application system
6. Drainage
7. Integrated farming system
8. Flood diversions
9.Community management of water
Crop
1. Drought tolerant varieties
2. Flood tolerant varieties
3. Saline tolerant varieties
4.Intercrop /systems
5. Efficient rice systems
Fertilizer
1. Soil health cards
2. SSNM
3. Legumes
4. INM
5. Precision application
6.Fertigation
Manuring
Carbon
1. Village organic resource inventory
2. Residue recycling
3.Conservation agriculture
4. Tank silt
5. Agro forestry
6. Livestock management
Institutional
1. VCRMC
2. Custom Hiring Centers
3. Seed bank and fodder bank
4. Commodity groups
5. Capacity building
Flood tolerant rice varieties were demonstrated
and facilitated their spread
Jalkuwari(Assam)
Jalshree(Assam, Bihar)
• Flooding conditions in the NICRA villages were characterized
• Flood tolerant varieties for various flooding situations were demonstrated
• Significant yield improvement (>30%) was observed due to these cultivars
Swarna Sub1( UP, Bihar,
Odisha, Assam, AP,
West Bengal)
Dipholu(Assam)
Short duration drought escaping paddy cultivars for avoidance of terminal
drought in eastern India and for enhancing cropping intensity
• Average yield in farmers fields with Sahabhagi dhan was 34.6 q/ha with an yield advantage of 26% over traditional long duration variety in Gumla in 2016.
• Significant adoption and scaling out was observed in several districts
Jehanabad, Aurangabad, Buxar, Saran and Supaul in Bihar; Koderma, Palamu and Gumla in Jharkhand
Sahabhagi dhan
Abhishek Susk Samrat
+26% +20%
Naveen
Variety Average yields
(q/ha)
Sahabhagi Dhan 34.6
Anjali 41.2
Naveen 39.0
Abhishek 35.0
Susk samrat 38.5
Prabhat 34.5
+31% +18%
Demonstration of drought escaping cultivars in Arid Regions of Rajasthan
Crop Variety Demo yield(q/ha)
Local check(q/ha)
% increase
Moth CZM-2 3.70 3.0 23.3
RMO-435 3.72 2.67 39.36
Guar RGC-1017 4.75 3.50 35.7
RGC-1055 11.4 9.20 20.2
Gram GNC-1581 17.18 14.04 22.36
Moong GM-4 6.40 5.00 28.0
IPM-02-03 8.73 7.46 17.02
Urd PU-31 8.60 5.90 45.7
Resilience in Low Rainfall Regions(Case study: Bhalot village, Kutch, Gujarat)
Vulnerability: Scanty & erratic rainfall (360 mm, 13-15 rainy days), Depletion
of groundwater, Cyclonic storms
2016 Kharif: 229 mmJune(-73%), July (-70%) and Sept (-86%)
Total area of the village: 1016 ha Cultivated area: 510 ha, Households: 177 (85% possess livestock)
Resilient Practice Impact No. of adopters
Enhanced water storage (check dams,
ponds, percolation tanks)
Improved water availability in 130 ha 258
Recharging open & bore wells Access to critical irrigation 210
In-situ (land levelling & farm bunding) Reduced soil and water erosion (86 ha) 47
Efficient water use by drip irrigation 153 ha of cotton and castor 97
Improved cluster bean (GG-2) 40 ha (26% yield increase) 100
drought tolerant castor (GCH-7) 6 ha (16% yield increase ) 15
Wilt tolerant Cumin (GC-4) 68 ha (32% yield increase ) 170
Improved green gram (GM-4) 10 ha (34% yield increase) 25
Timely sowing of wheat (GW-496) 16 ha (46% yield increase) 40
Improved fodder sorghum and Lucerne Productivity increase by 21-25% (55 ha) 175
Area specific mineral mixture 100 units (10% increase in productivity) 100
Vaccination of Cattle Reduced disease incidence (678 animals) 320
Community fodder bank Supported 380 animals in lean season 142
Seed bank 860kg fodder sorghum, 620kg lucerne 75
Custom hiring center Timely farm operations with low cost 106
Climatic vulnerability: DroughtVillage area: 100 haNo. of Households: 131
Minimizing the impact of drought in Aurangabad ( Bihar)
Intervention Extent of
Adoption (ha)
Extent of yield improvement
Improved short duration
varieties of paddy
71 Up to 32%
Critical irrigation to
kharif crop
60 Up to 28%
Improved varieties of
rabi crops with
harvested water; wheat (
HD2985), Gram (PG186),
Lentil (HUL-57)
72 Up to 36%
Use of water from farm
ponds for rabi cropping
11 Up to 42%
Use of sprinkler
irrigation for pre sowing
irrigation
53 Up to 37%
Zero till sowing of rabi
crop for timely sowing
69 31%
Use of mineral mixture 75 Milk improvement
Introduction of fish in
stored water
All the ponds in
the village
Additional income ( Rs.
30,000/pond)
Drought Proofing in Regions with 500 mm Rain (Tumkuru, Karnataka)
Water Storage Created (Cu m)
Millets Pigeonpea
Flower crop
Access to water for critical irrigation was provided to the majority of the households
In-situ conservation in uplands (Trench Cum Bund, Ridge and Furrow, Conservation Furrow)
Harvested water used for life saving irrigation during the dry spell during July 2015 improved yields
in ground nut (40%), paddy (31%) and finger millet (56%)
Area under rabi increased by 21%
151075
40100
32560
760 600 Community tankconstructed/renovated
Farm pondconstructed/renovated
Check damconstructed/renovated
Water storage structure
172 water harvesting structures created
Agro- advisory for Climate Resilience C
on
cep
tual
izat
ion
an
d Im
ple
me
nta
tio
n
Block level Agromet advisory bulletins (50Lakh SMS/ year) disseminated throughField Information Facilitators (FIFs) inNICRA villages across 20 States
• District Agricultural
contingency plans ( 633
numbers)
• Block level Advisory ( NICRA)
• Village level forecast in NICRA
CRVs
Agro advisory
• Through mobile service
• Through portal
• In different languages
• Working closely with IMD
Institutional Interventions
Village Climate Risk Management Committee
(VCRMC)
Custom Hiring Center (CHC)
Community Seed Bank
Community Fodder bank
Seed Hubs
Commodity Based Organizations (CBOs) for
value addition and marketing
Resilience Analysis at Village level: Indicator based Approach
Each indicator is given a score ranging from 0 – 100 and averaged to arrive the category index value and all categories averaged to arrive at ‘resilience score/ index’
Indicators
Dimensions
Components of resilience in NICRA & non-NICRA villages
(Pune)
NICRA village did better with respect to indicators related to technology adoption and showed better resilience.
Capacity Building
Year Programs No. of farmers
2011 2445 38256
2012 1411 34304
2013 1670 41823
2014 1767 39416
2015 2064 55167
2016 2225 61482
2017 1780 73330
Total 13362 343778
Convergence with Government Programs
Activity/ Problem Options On-going programs for convergence
Change total
rainfall/rainy days/ onset
of monsoon /
temperature
Improving irrigation and
drainage infrastructure
Promotion of micro-
irrigation methods (drip
and sprinklers)
Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana:
Accelerated Irrigation and Flood
Management Programme
Integrated Watershed Management
Programme
Crop losses due to
drought conditions
Short duration and
drought escaping
varieties and critical
irrigation
National Food Security Mission
Farm Ponds scheme
Arresting land
degradation and
enhancing soil fertility
Arresting soil erosion
Land management
Nutrient management
National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture
Integrated Watershed Management
Programme
MGNREGP
Crop failure and risk
minimisation
Risk management
through crop insurance
with universal coverage
Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana
Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme
Taking Climate Resilient
seeds to farmers
Seed chain
Seed hubs
NMSA
Weather forecast Agromet advisory Convergence with IMD
ICAR-NICRA Team is in Constant touch with State Governments
through Regular Stakeholder Workshops and Handholds
Implementation of Contingency Plans
• PoCRA (Project on Climate Resilient Agriculture-Nanaji Deshmukh Krishi Sanjivani Prakalp) in Maharashtra, 5000 villages, Rs 4500 Cr. (World bank)• Drought proofing in Odisha, Rs. 200 Crores (State
Govt)• Telangana, 2 districts, EPRI (Environment
Protection & Training Institute)• 65 Cr for CRVs (NABARD)• Assam, Mizoram, MP, J&K (under way)
(ICAR-CRIDA as knowledge partner)
Upscaling CRVs
Thank You for your kind attention…….
NRM division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi