Scaling the Internet Core William B. Norton Co-founder and Chief Technical Liaison Equinix, Inc....
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Scaling the Internet CoreScaling the
Internet CoreWilliam B. Norton
Co-founder and Chief Technical LiaisonEquinix, Inc.
William B. NortonCo-founder and Chief Technical Liaison
Equinix, [email protected]
PerspectivePerspective
• Practical: Application of technology• Neutral Internet Exchanges• Environment for Exploitation of Optical
Efficiencies• ISP Peering and Transit• Massive Scaling of Content
• Environment for launching Next Generation Services
• Practical: Application of technology• Neutral Internet Exchanges• Environment for Exploitation of Optical
Efficiencies• ISP Peering and Transit• Massive Scaling of Content
• Environment for launching Next Generation Services
Service Provider ScalabilityService Provider Scalability
Position: The current service provider interconnection model does not scale well
Service providers need solutions that provide:• Control over bandwidth provisioning• Choice of providers• Efficient scaling
Position: The current service provider interconnection model does not scale well
Service providers need solutions that provide:• Control over bandwidth provisioning• Choice of providers• Efficient scaling
NSFNET to Post-NSFNET Era InternetNSFNET to Post-NSFNET Era Internet
No Internet presentation complete without…
BARRNet
NWNet
Sesqui
NEARNet
NyserNetMerit
NCAR
OarNet
Regional
RegionalRegionalNSFNET
SDSC
AT&T
MCI
Sprint
UUNet
ANSNWNet NyserNet
MeritOarNet
Regional
Regional RegionalRegional
NSFNET (1987-1994) Regional Tech Meetings• Performance &
Operations• Reporting &
Coordination• Routing & Network
PlanningPrivatization (1994-Now)
North American Network Operators Group
(NANOG) Meetings
NSFNET (1987-1994) Regional Tech Meetings• Performance &
Operations• Reporting &
Coordination• Routing & Network
PlanningPrivatization (1994-Now)
North American Network Operators Group
(NANOG) Meetings
Internet StatisticsInternet Statistics
• 87.5% of all Internet statistics are made up
• 87.5% of all Internet statistics are made up
Made Up
Real
Source: I made it up
Evolution of Interconnection StrategiesEvolution of Interconnection Strategies
• Carrier Internet Exchanges• Technologies: ATM, distributed (and colo)
• Network Access Points (NAPs)• Technologies: FDDI (with colo)• Congestion issues
• Direct (point-to-point) interconnections• Technologies: N x OC-3, N x OC-12
• Carrier Internet Exchanges• Technologies: ATM, distributed (and colo)
• Network Access Points (NAPs)• Technologies: FDDI (with colo)• Congestion issues
• Direct (point-to-point) interconnections• Technologies: N x OC-3, N x OC-12
OC-3=155Mbps, OC-12=622MbpsOC-48=2.5Gbps, OC-192=10Gbps
OC-768=40Gbps
OC-3=155Mbps, OC-12=622MbpsOC-48=2.5Gbps, OC-192=10Gbps
OC-768=40Gbps
Direct Circuit ISP Interconnection StrategyDirect Circuit ISP Interconnection Strategy
Point-to-Point Circuits• Regional
interconnects• Now: N x OC-12• Insufficient carrier
bandwidth• Carriers can’t
provision fast enough• No traffic aggregation
efficiency
Doesn’t scale well
Point-to-Point Circuits• Regional
interconnects• Now: N x OC-12• Insufficient carrier
bandwidth• Carriers can’t
provision fast enough• No traffic aggregation
efficiency
Doesn’t scale well
U U U U
G G G G
A A A A
C C C C
S S S S
Current Problems at the “Core”Current Problems at the “Core”• Time to provision services (9-18 months)
• Carrier• ISPs• Content (ASP, E*Com, hosting, etc.)
• Scaling at the Core• Interconnection bandwidth (OC-12->OC-48-
>OC-192)• Transport (try and order an OC-12!)• ISP Peering (exponential growth in
users/traffic)• ISP Transit (demand exceeds supply, choice)• Content Peering (unicast streaming, content
generation)• Edge (DSL – AOL+)
• Time to provision services (9-18 months)• Carrier• ISPs• Content (ASP, E*Com, hosting, etc.)
• Scaling at the Core• Interconnection bandwidth (OC-12->OC-48-
>OC-192)• Transport (try and order an OC-12!)• ISP Peering (exponential growth in
users/traffic)• ISP Transit (demand exceeds supply, choice)• Content Peering (unicast streaming, content
generation)• Edge (DSL – AOL+)
Tools for Service Provider ScalabilityTools for Service Provider Scalability
• Application of Technology• Dark Fiber Providers
• Control over provisioning of capacity
• WDM/DWDM• Huge capacity into
exchange• Enabled Bandwidth• Aggregation Efficiency
• Half filled pipes• Collocated Content
Providers• Environment to exploit
optical efficiencies
• Application of Technology• Dark Fiber Providers
• Control over provisioning of capacity
• WDM/DWDM• Huge capacity into
exchange• Enabled Bandwidth• Aggregation Efficiency
• Half filled pipes• Collocated Content
Providers• Environment to exploit
optical efficiencies WDM=Wave Division Multiplexing,
DWDM=Dense Wave Division Multiplexing
S
U U U U
G G G G
A A A A
C C C C
S S S
Neutral Internet Business Exchange
CP
CP
CP
Scaling of Interconnection MethodsScaling of Interconnection Methods
• Traffic (Content, Peering, Transit) Exchange at OC-3
• Traffic (Content, Peering, Transit) Exchange at OC-3
Cost Comparison of Interconnection Strategies
$-
$50,000
$100,000
$150,000
$200,000
$250,000
$300,000
$350,000
$400,000
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61 64
# of participants
Mo
nth
ly C
ost
of
Inte
rco
nn
ecti
on
Direct C
ircuit I
nterconnection: Linear
Exchange : Stepped Efficient
Fiber Exchange:Linear Efficient
Future of the Internet Exchange EnvironmentFuture of the Internet Exchange Environment
MarketPlace: Stratification of component operations, fast creation & provisioning of next generation packaged operations servicesMarketPlace: Stratification of component operations, fast creation & provisioning of next generation packaged operations services
DSL Access Providers
Dial-in Modem Operators
Email SvcsUSENET Svcs
WebHost SvcsSearch Engines Cache/Content
DistributionCarrier
InternetServiceProvider
Carriers
Carrier
CarrierInternetServiceProvider Carrier
CarrierInternetServiceProvider
Service Providers
InternetServiceProvider
Wireless Access Svc
VirtualISP
Sparing
Scaling Benefits of Neutral Co-location of Content and ISP Backbones
Scaling Benefits of Neutral Co-location of Content and ISP Backbones• Control
• Time to provision interconnect : 24 hours• Scalability
• Bandwidth scalability into the exchange• Bandwidth scalability within the exchange
• Choice• Ease of multi-homing• Open marketplace to buy/sell evolving
services• Stratification of the Internet service space
• Robust Interconnection Environment
• Control• Time to provision interconnect : 24 hours
• Scalability• Bandwidth scalability into the exchange• Bandwidth scalability within the exchange
• Choice• Ease of multi-homing• Open marketplace to buy/sell evolving
services• Stratification of the Internet service space
• Robust Interconnection Environment
SummarySummary
Application of existing technology can scale the core
Service provider tools include:• Dark fiber service providers; WDM into • Robust neutral exchange environment• Fiber cross-connects within exchange• Co-located content and multiple ISPs• Leads to: Control, choice, scalability at the
core
Application of existing technology can scale the core
Service provider tools include:• Dark fiber service providers; WDM into • Robust neutral exchange environment• Fiber cross-connects within exchange• Co-located content and multiple ISPs• Leads to: Control, choice, scalability at the
core