Scaling IXPs
-
Upload
steel-salazar -
Category
Documents
-
view
35 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Scaling IXPs
![Page 1: Scaling IXPs](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022031915/56812ca3550346895d914a5d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Scaling IXPs
Scalable Infrastructure Workshop
AfNOG 2008
![Page 2: Scaling IXPs](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022031915/56812ca3550346895d914a5d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Objectives To explain scaling options within the IXP
To introduce the Internet Routing Registry at the IXP
![Page 3: Scaling IXPs](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022031915/56812ca3550346895d914a5d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
IXP Scaling Techniques Route Collector Route Server Internet Routing Registry
![Page 4: Scaling IXPs](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022031915/56812ca3550346895d914a5d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Introduction to Route Collectors
![Page 5: Scaling IXPs](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022031915/56812ca3550346895d914a5d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Route Collector Background What is a Route Collector? Features of a Route Collector Purpose of a Route Collector IXP Design with a Route Collector
![Page 6: Scaling IXPs](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022031915/56812ca3550346895d914a5d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
What is a Route Collector? Usually a router or Unix box running BGP
Gathers routing information from service provider routers at an IXP
Does not forward packets
![Page 7: Scaling IXPs](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022031915/56812ca3550346895d914a5d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Purpose of a Route Collector To provide a public view of the Routing Information available at the IXP Useful existing members to check functionality of BGP filters
Useful for prospective members to check value of joining the IXP
Useful for the Internet Operations community for troubleshooting purposes
E.g. www.traceroute.org
![Page 8: Scaling IXPs](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022031915/56812ca3550346895d914a5d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Route Collector at an IXP
IXP R3R2
R1
ROUTE Collector
![Page 9: Scaling IXPs](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022031915/56812ca3550346895d914a5d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Route Collector Requirements Router or Unix system running BGP Peers eBGP with every IXP member
Accepts everything; Gives nothing Uses a private ASN Connects to IXP Transit LAN
“Back end” connection Second Ethernet globally routed Connection to IXP Website for public access
![Page 10: Scaling IXPs](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022031915/56812ca3550346895d914a5d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Route Collector Implementation Most IXPs now implement some form of Route Collector
Benefits already mentioned Great public relations tool Unsophisticated requirements
Just runs BGP
![Page 11: Scaling IXPs](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022031915/56812ca3550346895d914a5d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Introduction to Route Servers
Route Collector plus more
![Page 12: Scaling IXPs](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022031915/56812ca3550346895d914a5d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Route Server Background What is a Route Server? Features of a Route Server Advantages of using a Route Server Exchange Point Design with a Route Server
![Page 13: Scaling IXPs](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022031915/56812ca3550346895d914a5d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
What is a Route Server? All the features of a Route Collector
But also: Announces routes to participating IXP members according to their routing policy definitions
Implemented using the same specification as for a Route Collector
![Page 14: Scaling IXPs](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022031915/56812ca3550346895d914a5d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Features of a Route Server Helps scale routing Simplifies Routing Processes on ISP Routers
Insertion of RS Autonomous System Number in the Routing Path
Uses Policy registered in IRR (optional)
![Page 15: Scaling IXPs](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022031915/56812ca3550346895d914a5d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Diagram of N-squared Mesh
![Page 16: Scaling IXPs](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022031915/56812ca3550346895d914a5d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
With the Route Servers
![Page 17: Scaling IXPs](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022031915/56812ca3550346895d914a5d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
RS based Exchange Point Routing Flow
TRAFFIC FLOW ROUTING INFORMATION FLOW
![Page 18: Scaling IXPs](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022031915/56812ca3550346895d914a5d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Advantages of Using a Route Server Helps scale Routing Separation of Routing and Forwarding Simplify Routing Configuration Management on ISPs routers
Can help prevent the spread of bogus routing information!
![Page 19: Scaling IXPs](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022031915/56812ca3550346895d914a5d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Disadvantages of Using a Route Server ISPs can lose direct policy control
Peer with all ISPs, want to or not Completely dependent on 3rd party for configuration and troubleshooting
Insertion of RS Autonomous System Number in the Routing Path If router is used
IXPs tend to offer Route Servers as an optional extra
![Page 20: Scaling IXPs](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022031915/56812ca3550346895d914a5d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Peering with the Route Servers Any ISP attached to an IXP can peer with the Route Servers
ISP must register their policy in the Internet Routing Registry Most IXPs who provide the RS facility also provide a local IRR for policy registration
Must use BGP
![Page 21: Scaling IXPs](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022031915/56812ca3550346895d914a5d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Things to think about... Would using a route server benefit you? Can be helpful when BGP knowledge is limited
Avoids having to maintain a large number of eBGP peers
But can you afford to lose policy control?
Maybe bilateral peering with some peers And Route Server for remaining peers ?
![Page 22: Scaling IXPs](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022031915/56812ca3550346895d914a5d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Introduction to the IRR
The Internet Routing Registry
![Page 23: Scaling IXPs](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022031915/56812ca3550346895d914a5d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
What is the Routing Registry Contact names, email addresses and telephone numbers for an AS
Routing policy for an AS (what other ASes does it connect to, which routes do they exchange)
Information about routes (most important is which AS originates the route)
Several other types of information
![Page 24: Scaling IXPs](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022031915/56812ca3550346895d914a5d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
What is the Routing Registry? Distributed database collectively known as Internet Routing Registry (IRR) APNIC, RIPE, ARIN, RADB, etc http://www.irr.net/docs/list.html
Providers register routing policy Used for planning, debugging and generating backbone router configs
![Page 25: Scaling IXPs](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022031915/56812ca3550346895d914a5d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
What is the Routing Registry? Can be used by anyone worldwide
debugging configuring engineering routing addressing
![Page 26: Scaling IXPs](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022031915/56812ca3550346895d914a5d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
What happens if I don’t use the IRR Routing Horror Stories
AS7007 announcing bogus routes
Inconsistent policy at network borders Peers and upstreams need physical notification of policy changes
Mistakes easily made
![Page 27: Scaling IXPs](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022031915/56812ca3550346895d914a5d/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
So, I need to use the database because….. Filters generated off the IRR protect against inaccurate routing information
Makes troubleshooting and debugging easier
Keep track of policy Security Filter! Filter! Filter!!
![Page 28: Scaling IXPs](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022031915/56812ca3550346895d914a5d/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Why Bother using the IRR? View of global routing policy in a single cooperatively maintained database
To improve integrity of Internet’s routing
Generate router configs protect against inaccurate routing info distribution
verification of Internet routing
Several providers require that you register your policy (or they won’t peer with you)
![Page 29: Scaling IXPs](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022031915/56812ca3550346895d914a5d/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Describing Policy Use the policy languages to describe your relationship with other Peers routes importing routes exporting specific policies
interfaces, MEDs, communities
register routes with origin AS
![Page 30: Scaling IXPs](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022031915/56812ca3550346895d914a5d/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Querying the Database whois -h whois.ripe.net AS702 whois -h whois.ripe.net AS1849-MAINT whois -h whois.ripe.net 158.43.0.0
![Page 31: Scaling IXPs](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022031915/56812ca3550346895d914a5d/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
How to Register your IRR policy Register one or more maintainers Register AS and policy information Register Routes Describes your import and export policy At the very least, provides contact information
![Page 32: Scaling IXPs](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022031915/56812ca3550346895d914a5d/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Router Configuration Currently configs by hand
Slow and inaccurate Configuring routers using the IRR
Tools are available!!! IRRToolSet maintained by ISC
route and Aspath filters. Import and export
Filtering is a good thing...
![Page 33: Scaling IXPs](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022031915/56812ca3550346895d914a5d/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Router Configuration
IRR
Configuration Machine
IRR Database ServerRouter
![Page 34: Scaling IXPs](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022031915/56812ca3550346895d914a5d/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
How do I use the IRR to generate configurations Tools available to generate config files for most BGP implementations
IRRToolSet http://www.isc.org/sw/IRRToolSet/ Started off as RAToolSet as a project of ISI
Moved to RIPE NCC custodianship and became IRRToolSet
Enhanced to support RPSL (RFC2622) Now maintained by ISC
![Page 35: Scaling IXPs](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022031915/56812ca3550346895d914a5d/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
How do I participate? Set up your own registry
Private for your ISP? Community for the region? Download the software (from ISC)
Use one of the many public IRR systems Ask AfriNIC to set one up?
![Page 36: Scaling IXPs](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022031915/56812ca3550346895d914a5d/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Things to think about... How would you register your policy?
Try to describe it in an aut-num object How would registering your policy benefit you? The community?