Scaffolding Up to Standards-Aligned Tasks · Academic English proficiency is critical for all...
Transcript of Scaffolding Up to Standards-Aligned Tasks · Academic English proficiency is critical for all...
Scaffolding Up to Standards-Aligned TasksELA II Grades K–5 Day 2
FEEDBACK
Processing Feedback
Plus Delta
2
UNBOUNDED
Our Approach
3
Our learning is grounded in the intersection of the standards, content, aligned curriculum, and the equitable instructional practices that are essential for closing the opportunity gap caused by systemic bias and racism.
Day 1: Understanding Language• Navigating language complexity that lives in the text requires thoughtful support. • What can it look like in instruction?
Day 2: Scaffolding Up to Standard-Aligned Tasks• The text that we put in front of students shows them what we think about them.• How do we make sure all students can access complex text?
Day 3: Building and Processing Knowledge and Language• Unpacking the structure of the text• What is the connection between being able to unpack the complex structure of a text and
equitable reading and writing outcomes?
Day 4: Academic Language Supports and Standards-Aligned Writing Instruction • Building structured standards-aligned writing opportunities solidifies knowledge and learning.• How do you scaffold understanding and expression of understanding through standards-aligned
tasks?
Day 5: Planning for Action• Writing our story• How do we ensure equitable outcomes for all our students?
WHERE ARE WE?
The Week at a Glance
4
• Identify the intersection of the Language and the Speaking and Listening standards with the Writing standards.
• Understand how to review the quality of writing tasks.
• Unpack writing tasks to identify areas which may need scaffolding.
• Describe scaffolding principles.
• Understand how to use ELL support documents to guide development of scaffolds.
• Recognize differences and similarities between ELL support documents.
I. Setting Up the Day
II. The Writing Standards: A Complex View
III. Writing Task: Quality Review
IV. Lunch
V. Unpacking Writing Tasks
VI. Scaffolding Principles
VII. Guidance Documents for ELL Supports
VIII. Scaffolding Up with State Guidance Documents
IX. Closing and Survey
5
DAY 2
Objectives and Agenda
• Take responsibility for yourself as a learner.
• Honor time frames (start, end, and activity).
• Be an active and hands-on learner.
• Use technology to enhance learning.
• Strive for equity of voice.
• Contribute to a learning environment in which it is “safe to not know.”
• Identify and reframe deficit thinking and speaking.
BUILDING THE CONTAINER
Norms That Support Our Learning
6
We are the gatekeepers of academic language in the classroom. We must provide students with well-structured, intentional opportunities for collaboration that amplifies academic language.
We experience the world through our culture, language, and values. We must be intentionally inclusive of students whose culture, language, and value system may be unfamiliar or different from our own. This includes holding space for academic English, while also making the classroom a safe space for students to use variants of English and languages other than English.
Academic English proficiency is critical for all students. We must model academic language, provide instruction using grade-level complex text, and ensure opportunities for students to practice academic language in an academic context.
There is no scope-and-sequence for the acquisition of knowledge and language, and all student knowledge and language is an asset. We as educators must leverage student knowledge and language as we scaffold students toward independence with complex texts and tasks.
7
EXAMINE BIAS AND ITS ROLE IN OUR WORK AND LEARNING
Principles for Language, Equity, and Learners
7
STRONGER AT EVERY TURN: BUILDING AND SYNTHESIZING OUR IDEAS
Keynote DebriefEach time you talk to a partner, you build from and borrow the ideas and language of previous partners. Make your answer stronger each time with better and better evidence, examples, and explanations.
2 minutes: Jot down notes about the keynote that you want to share. Thesecould be areas of validation, reminding, new information, outstanding questions, or connections to the Principles for Language, Equity, and Learners.
5 minutes: Bring your notes.
Form triads with people you have not yet spent time with.Share and discuss your written reflection with your partners.Jot down ideas they share that improve your own discussion or that you think are important.
5 minutes: Find a new triad with two new partners. Repeat the process, incorporating your previous partners’ feedback into the conversation where appropriate.
8
Writing Standards—A Complex View
LOUISIANA GUIDEBOOKS WRITING PROGRESSION
A More Complex View of W.2
With a partner:
Review the Louisiana Guidebooks Writing Progression document for W.2.
How could these documents be used in your role?
• Teachers and Coaches: How could these documents support planning, implementation, and debriefing instructional activities?
• Instructional Leaders: How could these documents be applied system-wide? To what purpose? Who and what would need to be leveraged in order to do so?
• Partners and Organizations: How can this document be best used?
LOUISIANA GUIDEBOOKS WRITING PROGRESSION
A More Complex View of W.2
Using the Louisiana Guidebooks Writing Progression document for W.2, grades 2–5:• For grade 2 or grade 5,
highlight the Language and the Speaking and Listening standards that
support standard W.2.• Circle specific skills within the
Language and the Speaking and Listening standards that could be the focus of scaffolds for a writing task.
ADAPTED FROM ENGAGING A FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYZING ASSIGNMENTS, EDTRUST
Looking at Writing Tasks
• Leaders’ expectations for what and how to teach
• Teachers’ beliefs about what students can do
• Teachers’ knowledge and understanding of the standards and their classroom practices
• Student opportunities to successfully demonstrate understanding of the curriculum and texts
12
A close look at the writing task assigned to students can provide a window into:
ADAPTED FROM ENGAGING A FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYZING ASSIGNMENTS, EDTRUST
Writing Task Quality Review
• Standard Alignment
• Centrality of Text
• Cognitive Challenge
• Writing Output
• Motivation and Engagement
13
2nd Grade
5th Grade
ACTIVITY
Revising the Writing Task
Revise the writing task for your grade-level text based on:
• The language of the grade-level standards
• Ed Trust’s Framework for Analyzing Assignments
14
MODEL
Exemplar Writing Tasks
2nd grade:• Cesar Chavez spent his life fighting for a cause. Identify the
cause Chavez fought for during his lifetime. Describe two events from the text that influenced Chavez to fight for this cause. Write a concluding statement about what Chavez accomplished in his lifetime.
5th grade:• Explain how events in Bishnu’s life led to changes in the life of
Nepalis. Link events and outcomes in the text that support your explanation, citing textual evidence. Write a concluding statement about Binshu’s impact on Nepalis.
15
February 2016 – Session 1
Lunch
16
• Identify the intersection of the Language and the Speaking and Listening standards with the Writing standards.
• Understand how to review the quality of writing tasks.
• Unpack writing tasks to identify areas which may need scaffolding.
• Describe scaffolding principles.
• Understand how to use ELL support documents to guide development of scaffolds.
• Recognize differences and similarities between ELL support documents.
I. Setting Up the Day
II. The Writing Standards: A Complex View
III. Writing Task: Quality Review
IV. Lunch
V. Unpacking Writing Tasks
VI. Scaffolding Principles
VII. Guidance Documents for ELL Supports
VIII. Scaffolding Up with State Guidance Documents
IX. Closing and Survey
17
DAY 2
Objectives and Agenda
Constructing and Deconstructing Tasks
Do What
ACTIVITY
Unpacking Task: Do, What
19
ACTIVITY
Unpacking a Task
“Cesar Chavez: Protector of Workers’ Rights”
Do What Anticipated Challenges
Identify The cause Chavez fought for during his lifetime
Describe Two events from the text that influenced Chavez to fight for this cause
Write A concluding statement about what Chavez accomplished in his lifetime
20
ACTIVITY
Unpacking a Task
“Teaching Nepalis to Read, Plant, and Vote” by Lesley Reed
Do What Anticipated Challenges
Explain How events in Bishnu’s life led to change in the life of Nepalis
Link Events and outcomes in the text that support your explanation
Cite Textual evidence
Write A concluding statement about Binshu’s impact on Nepalis
21
ACTIVITY
Do the Work of the Task
• Write an exemplar response to the writing task.
• Reflect on what the task required you to know and to be able to do.
• Record your initial ideas about areas of scaffolding students might require to successfully accomplish this writing task.
22
A Deeper Understanding of Scaffolding
24
“POLICY BRIEF: ENGLISH LEARNERS AND CONTENT-RICH CURRICULA”
Focus On...
Reread “Policy Brief: English Learners and Content-Rich Curricula” by Sue Pimentel, and add on to your annotations from your pre-read, identifying and commenting on the following:
1. Moments of validation that connect to your practice
2. Moments of reminding that connect to the keynote and Institute learning
3. Moments of new information or areas in need of clarification
Note these clearly on your copy of the article.
DEBRIEF PROCESS AND PRINCIPLES FOR LANGUAGE, EQUITY, AND LEARNERS
Mill Drill (Variation): Debriefing the Article
• Take out your “Policy Brief” handout.• Line up into two lines, and face the person
across from you.• When the clock starts, participant in row A
answers question 1. Participant B then answers question 1, and the two discuss.
• At the conclusion of 2 minutes, each partner thanks their colleague and moves one step to the right.
• With your new partner, follow the same procedure for question 2.
• Follow the same procedure for question 3.• Return to your seat.
A B
25
● How did these processes of engaging in academic conversations with peers help you formulate, express, and clarify your ideas?
● How does this process relate to the Principles for Language, Equity, and Learners, or to ideas you read in the “Policy Debrief”?
● How could the Stronger at Every Turn and the Mill Drill protocols be used to support learners in the classroom? How could they be further scaffolded (or less scaffolded) to meet student needs?
WE ARE THE GATEKEEPERS OF ACADEMIC LANGUAGE IN THE CLASSROOM
Debriefing the Activity
26
CALIBRATING UNDERSTANDING
Scaffolding and Modifying
27
Define Scaffolding. ● Identify an example of
when you have provided or observed scaffolding of a task.
● Discuss the impact on objectives, instruction, and student learning when we scaffold experiences or activities.
Define Modifying.● Identify an example of
when you have modified or observed modification of a task.
● Discuss the impact on objectives, instruction, and student learning when we modify experiences or activities.
How do scaffolds and modifications function as moves geared toward—or away from—equitable practice?
Journal
SCAFFOLDING
Scaffolding UPScaffolding is just the right kind
of support required by learners
so as to be able to develop their
potential to go where they
haven’t been yet.
The goal of scaffolding is learner
autonomy. Academic practices
entail students’ simultaneous
development of conceptual
understandings, academic skills,
and the language required to enact
them.
28
SCAFFOLDING
A Closer Look
29
Scaffolding is …Generative (useful in a range of lessons or contexts).
An amplification of accessibility (creating an on-ramp into the work so the student can engage and benefit).
A means to develop learner autonomy (to apprentice the student, over time, to support her/himself).
Support that allows students to accomplish more than they could independently.
Pre-planned and/or in-the-moment.
Temporary!
SCAFFOLDING
Awareness of Modalities
Receptive Productive
Listening
Reading
Viewing
Writing
Speaking
Interactive
30
BREAK
Back in 15
31
Scaffolding for ELLs:Guidance Documents
33
ENGLISH LEARNERS SUCCESS FORUM
Defining the Need for Guidance1. Too Few are Certified*
2. Too Few Get Language-Focused Training and Tools*
3. Most Materials Lack Language Supports
4. Growing EL Population’s Academic Needs Unmet
*source: 2011–2012 School and Staffing Survey
34
ENGLISH LEARNERS SUCCESS FORUM
Scaffolding GuidelinesProvide guidelines for:
• How to attend to language demands;
• How and when to support ELs in developing language and knowledge;
• How to ensure students understand concepts.
35
ENGLISH LEARNERS SUCCESS FORUM
Guidance Document
Read pages 8–12 of the “Guidelines for Improving English Language Arts Materials for English Learners.”
Annotate the document, noting recommendations that you want to build into your curriculum and instruction. ONLINE
SHARE WHAT YOU LEARNED
Give One, Get One, Move OnROUND 1: 4 minutesWhen you hear “Give One”:–Form pairs.–Each partner “gives” one idea they would like to implement, or question they have, about the recommendations in the guidelines for that area of focus.–Each person “gives one” and “gets one.”
ROUND 2: 4 minutesWhen you hear “Move On”: –Find a new partner.–Repeat by “giving” one idea they would like to implement, or question they have, about the recommendations in the guidelines for the next area of focus.
36
We are the gatekeepers of academic language in the classroom. We must provide students with well-structured, intentional opportunities for collaboration that amplifies academic language.
We experience the world through our culture, language, and values. We must be intentionally inclusive of students whose culture, language, and value system may be unfamiliar or different from our own. This includes holding space for academic English, while also making the classroom a safe space for students to use variants of English and languages other than English.
Academic English proficiency is critical for all students. We must model academic language, provide instruction using grade-level complex text, and ensure opportunities for students to practice academic language in an academic context.
There is no scope-and-sequence for the acquisition of knowledge and language, and all student knowledge and language is an asset. We as educators must leverage student knowledge and language as we scaffold students toward independence with complex texts and tasks.
37
EXAMINE BIAS AND ITS ROLE IN OUR WORK AND LEARNING
Principles for Language, Equity, and Learners
37
Scaffolding for ELLs:State Guidance Documents
“Since language development is a complex long-term process, students should have access to authentic curriculum concurrent with language instruction. Empirical research indicates that with access to grade-level content, students’ academic literacy development and performance improves on standardized assessments.”
– WIDA Theoretical Foundations
That means:grade-level texts with tasks and
language demands that support
students’ language proficiency levels.
40
What you already know supports understanding of the frameworks:
• Elements of language and text complexity
• The Standards– How they scaffold across grades– The language demands of each
standard
• Scaffolding– The Zone of Proximal
Development– Factors that can be adjusted
Understanding EL Support Documents: NY Progressions, WIDA, ELD
LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY
Levels of English Emerging • progress very quickly• use English for immediate needs• beginning understanding/use of academic language Expanding • progress more slowly • apply their growing skills in more contexts• greater variety of vocabulary and linguistic
structuresBridging • learn and apply a wide variety and growing
sophistication of vocabulary and language in a growing number of contexts
41
42
THERE IS NO SCOPE-AND-SEQUENCE
Language Development Is Not Linear
Although these documents present the language development progressions as linear, language acquisition doesn’t necessarily occur in a linear fashion within or across proficiency levels.
A language learner may exhibit some abilities at a higher proficiency level (e.g., speaking skills) and other abilities at a lower proficiency level (e.g., writing skills).
A language learner may demonstrate proficiency of basic skills at one level, and at the next level need review or support of basics when presented with new, unfamiliar, or more complex text.
Language Purpose/Use
43
Ways of Interacting
• Collaborative
• Interpretive
• Productive
How English Works
• Structuring Cohesive Text
• Expanding and Enriching Ideas
• Connecting and Condensing Ideas
Key Uses of Language
• Recount
• Explain
• Argue
• Discuss
How Students Process
• Receptive
• Productive/Expressive
CA ELD:
Modes of Communication
WIDA:
“Can Do” Descriptors
SCAFFOLDING
How CCSS Scaffolding Unfolds
Grades 4–5
Grades 6–8
Grades 9–10
Grades 11–12
Grades K–1
Grades 2–3
44
The Standards
● Lower Lexile levels → Higher Lexile levels● High-level key details → Specific discrete details & evidence● Basic syntax & grammar → Complex syntax and grammar● Opinion → Argument● Basic writing structure & level of detail → Complex writing
structures & specific, supported details
● More support → Less support● Less independence → More independence● Less detail → More detail● Minimal volume of writing → Greater volume of writing● Familiar vocabulary and ideas → New and cross-disciplinary
vocabulary and ideas
SCAFFOLDING
How CA ELD Scaffolding Unfolds
45
ELD Standards/Frameworks
Expanding (Enter)
Expanding (Exit)
Bridging (Enter)
Bridging (Exit)
Emerging (Enter)
Emerging (Exit)
46
LEVEL 1
LEVEL 2
LEVEL 3
LEVEL 4
LEVEL 5
Proficient
Discourse Complexity
Single words
Phrases, short sentences
Series of related sentences
Moderate discourse
Complex discourse
Proficient
Language Forms and Conventions
Memorizedlanguage
Language w/ error; meaningobscured
Language w/ error; meaningretained
Language w/ minimal errors
Language compar-able to peers
Proficient
Vocabulary Usage
Most common vocabulary
High-frequency vocabulary
General and some specific vocabulary
Specialized and sometechnical vocabulary
Specialized and technicalvocabulary
Proficient
Notice the increasing length, detail, complexity, and accuracy.
THE LEARNER PROFICIENCY EXPECTATIONS
WIDA
SCAFFOLDS WITH GUIDANCE
NYS Progressions
With a partner …• Identify what information this document provides.
• Identify how the information provided in these tables can direct, guide, and support planning and instruction for ELLs.
47
Anchor and grade-level standard
Analytical skills and language demands
Five levels of progressions
Modalities: Productive and Receptive
Possible activities within the modalities based on level of acquisition
New Language Arts Progressions (as opposed to Home Progressions)
48
WRITING AND READING
Specific Linguistic Demands
Specific linguistic demands and examples
49
USING THE PROGRESSIONS FOR INSTRUCTION
Designing Multiple Points of EntryUse the Progressions to plan and assess language by …
• Differentiating linguistic scaffolds that students will require to arrive at the same end result.
• Determining specific scaffolds that target the content-area demands (and how to break the content down).
• Developing ongoing formative assessment based on levels of progression.
• Developing specific language objectives, or—better yet—integrating them.
• Differentiating instruction based on language programs and settings.
50
51
INTENDED AND APPROPRIATE USES CA ELD, WIDA, and NY Progressions
• Use in conjunction with the standards.
• Use in conjunction with high-quality, standards-aligned curriculum.
• Use cohesively (rather than piecemeal).
• Recognize that none of the guidance documents is an exhaustive list of all the linguistic processes and resources needed to develop language proficiency (especially across the academic disciplines).
REFLECTION
Have We Met Our Objectives?Day 2:
Are we now better prepared to:
• Identify the intersection of the Language and the Speaking and Listening standards with the Writing standards?
• Understand how to review the quality of writing tasks?
• Understand how to unpack writing tasks to identify areas in need of scaffolding?
• Develop writing scaffolds?
• Understand how to use ELL support documents to guide development of scaffolds?
• Recognize differences and similarities between ELL support documents?
52
53
54
• Copyright © 2018 UnboundEd Learning, Inc. • This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution
NonCommerical ShareAlike 4.0 International License. • UnboundEd Learning, Inc. is the copyright holder of the
images and content, except where otherwise indicated in the slide notes.
• More information on Creative Commons’ licenses can be found here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/
About This Deck
55
The materials that we create, unless otherwise cited in the slide notes, are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). This means you may:
• Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
• Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material.
As long as you follow the license terms:
• Provide Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license,
and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests that UnboundEd or any third-party creator endorses you or your use.
• No Commercial Use — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
• ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute
your contributions under the same license as the original.
• Add no additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological
measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
How You Can Use This Deck