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Scaffold User in Construction

Learning Objectives

Objectives:

► OSHA Standard for Scaffold users, 29 CFR 1926.454(a)

► Procedures for dealing with Hazards

► Proper use of scaffolds

► Proper material handling

Agenda

Agenda:

► Overview

► Scaffold types

► Terminology

► Associated hazards

► Proper use

► Your responsibilities

Overviewof the Issue

►Section 1

Scaffold Use in Construction

Scaffold prevention:

► 4500 injuries annually

► 50 deaths annually

► $90 million in workdays

Categories

Three major scaffolds:

► Supported

► Suspended

► Other

What does OSHA have to say?

Key elements:

► Fall protection, fall arrest systems

► Guardrail height

► Crossbracing, midrails and footings

► Platforms, guying ties, and capacity

► Training

► Inspections

► Erecting and dismantling

The Competent Person

Duties include:

► Select and direct employees

► Determine safe work conditions

► Training

► Inspections

The Qualified Person

Duties include:

► Design and load scaffold

► Training

► Design rigging for suspension scaffolds

► Design platforms less than 36”

Engineer

Must design:

► Direct connection of mason’s multi-point adjustable suspension scaffolds

► Pole scaffolds over 60 feet tall

► Tube and coupler scaffolds over125 feet tall

Employee Training

Training includes:

► Electrical, fall, and falling objects hazards

► How to deal with hazards

► Proper use of scaffolds

► Maximum intended load

► Other pertinent information

Types of Scaffolds

►Section 2

Types of Scaffolds

Scaffolds:

► Over 25 different types in use

► Most common include fabricated, supported frame or system scaffolds

Types of Scaffolds

Scaffolds:

► Plasterers’, decorators, and large area scaffolds

► Bricklayers square scaffolds

► Horse scaffolds

► Form scaffolds

► Roof bracket scaffolds

► Outrigger scaffolds (one level)

► Pump and window jack scaffolds

Types of Scaffolds

Scaffolds:

► Step, platform and trestle ladder

► Single point adjustable suspension

► Two point adjustable suspension

► Catenary scaffolds

► Float (ship) scaffolds

► Interior hung scaffolds

Types of Scaffolds

Scaffolds:

► Needle beam scaffolds

► Multi-level suspension scaffolds

► Mobile scaffolds

► Repair bracket scaffolds

► Stilts

► Tank builder scaffolds

Types of Scaffolds

Scaffolds:

► Many different scaffolds in workplace

► Choice is based on work to be performed

► Erection done only b trained professional

Scaffold Terminology

►Section 3

Scaffold Terminology

Terminology:

► What is a scaffold?

► What is a platform?

► What is a brace?

► What is a stair tower?

► What is a runner, ledger or ribbon?

► What is a bearer?

► What are mud sills and base plates?

Scaffold Terminology

Terminology:

► What is a scaffold Competent Person?

► What is a scaffold Qualified Person?

► What is the Maximum Intended Load?

► What is a Rated Load?

Hazards Associated with Scaffold Use

►Section 4

Hazards Associated with Scaffold Use

Hazards:

► Electrical hazards

► Fall hazards

► Falling objects

Electrical Hazards – Overhead Power Lines

Clearance for insulated lines:

► <300v = minimum 3 feet

► 300v to 50kv = minimum 10 feet

► >50kv = 10 feet + .4 inches for each kv over 50

Clearance for non-insulated lines:

► Less than 50kv = minimum 10 feet

► >50kv = 10 feet + .4 inches for each kv over 50

Fall Hazards

Protection:

► Install guardrails

► Employ use of harness and lanyard (personal fall arrest system)

Fall Hazards

Guardrail systems:

► Height between 38 and 45 inches

► Withstand 200 pounds of force

Falling Objects Protection Systems

Falling objects protection:

► Hard hats

► Toe boards

► Safety screens or guardrails

► Debris nets, catch platforms, or canopy structures

Proper Use of Scaffolds

►Section 5

Proper Use of Scaffolds

Basic ground rules:

► Never overload scaffolds

► Always inspect scaffolds prior to use

► Repair, replace, or remove from service

► Competent or qualified individual supervises the erection, installation, repair, or relocation of scaffolds

Basic Safety Issues for Work on Scaffolds

Be aware of:

► Weather conditions

► Debris

► Makeshift devices to gain height

► Ladders in use on platforms

► Load within capacity of scaffold

What is Wrong with this Picture?

What do you think of this scaffold design?

► Planks not cleated or secured

► No guardrails

► Greater than 14 inch gap between scaffold and building

What is Wrong with this Picture?

What do you think?

► No midrails

► No toeboards

► No mesh

► Safety lines not tied to proper anchorage

Your Responsibilities

►Section 6

Your Responsibilities

You should:

► Understand power lines within 10 feet

► Appropriate scaffolding inspection

► Properly install mud sills and base plates

► Guardrails and platforms secured in place

► Conditions of decking or planks

Your Responsibilities

Also:

► Know the maximum intended load for each unit

► Know debris removal policy while on scaffolds

► Monitor weather conditions

► Worker training