Scaffold Safety in Construction Site
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Transcript of Scaffold Safety in Construction Site
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Scaffold Safety In Construction Side
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Scope and application of the regulation
Regulations on scaffolds in the construction industry are in Subpart L of 29 CFR 1926
The regulation applies to all scaffolds used in workplaces that are covered by OSHAs construction regulations
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Scope and application of the regulation
It also applies to temporary elevated work platforms and aerial lifts
It does not apply to crane or derrick suspended personnel platforms
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Scope and application of the regulation
General industry activities are not covered by the construction industry requirements
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Terms
Competent person
Exposed power lines
Guardrail system
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Terms
Maximum intended load
Personal fall arrest system
Qualified
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Terms
Rated load
Supported scaffold
Suspension scaffold
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Training requirements
Training will advise you on how to protect yourself from
electrical hazards
fall hazards
falling object hazards
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Training requirements
You must know;
the scaffolds load capacities
how to handle materials on the scaffold
how to use the scaffold
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Electrical safety
Clearance between scaffold equipment and power lines is crucial to worker safety
Safe distances must be kept between energized lines and conductive material
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Electrical safety
Clearances must be maintained when scaffolds are:
erected
used
dismantled
altered
moved
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Electrical safety
Before work starts, the utility company or electrical system operator can either:
de-energize the lines
relocate them
install protective coverings to prevent accidental contact with the lines
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Welding safety
Be aware of the hazard of welding current arcing through the suspension wire rope when welding from suspended scaffolds
Use an insulated thimble to attach each suspension wire rope to its hanging support
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Welding safety
Insulate any excess suspension wire rope or other independent lines
Insulate the suspension wire rope at least 4 feet (1.2 m) above the hoist
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Welding safety
If there is a tail line below the hoist, insulate it to prevent contact with the platform
Retain or guide the portion of the tail line that hangs free below the scaffold so that it does not become grounded
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Welding safety
Use insulated protective covers to cover each hoist
In addition to a work lead attachment required by the welding process, use a grounding conductor between the scaffold and the structure
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Welding safety
If the scaffold grounding lead is disconnected at any time, the welding machine must be shut off
Keep active welding rods or un insulated welding leads from contacting the scaffold or its suspension system
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Fall protection
Each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet above a lower level must be protected from falling to that lower level
The two types of fall protection are the:
Personal Fall Arrest System (PFAS)
guardrail system
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Fall protection
Different types of scaffolds require different types of fall protection
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Fall protection
PFASs are required for employees on a:
boatswains chair
cater nary scaffold
float scaffold
needle beam scaffold
ladder jack scaffold
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Fall protection
Both a PFAS and a guardrail system is required for single-point or two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds
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Fall protection
Crawling boards (chicken ladders) need either a:
PFAS
guardrail
3/4 inch diameter grab line or equivalent handhold securely fastened beside the crawling board
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Fall protection
Self-contained adjustable scaffolds that have the platform supported by the frame require a guardrail system
Self-contained adjustable scaffolds with the platform supported by ropes require both a PFAS and a guardrail system
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Fall protection
Guardrail systems must be used to protect walkways within a scaffold
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Fall protection
When the front edge of the platform is more than 14 inches away from the face of the structure, this edge requires a guardrail or workers must use a PFAS
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Personal fall arrest systems
The PFAS must meet the requirements in the regulation on Fall Protection (29 CFR 1926.502(d))
When used on a scaffold, attach the PFAS to a vertical or horizontal lifeline or to a structural member
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Personal fall arrest systems
When vertical lifelines are used, they must be:
anchored to a safe fixed point
independent of the scaffold
protected from sharp edges and abrasion
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Personal fall arrest systems
Horizontal lifelines must be:
secured to two or more structural members of the scaffold
looped around both suspension and independent suspension lines above the hoist and brake
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Personal fall arrest systems
Vertical lifelines, independent support lines, and suspension ropes:
must not be attached to each other
cannot use the same anchorage point
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Guardrail systems
Appendix A of the regulation gives specifications for building guardrail systems
Guardrail systems must be installed along all open sides and ends of platforms
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Guardrail systems
Requirements for how high the top rail must be above the platform surface, and for the use of: Mid rails
screens
mesh
intermediate vertical members
solid panels as part of a guardrail system
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Guardrail systems
The guardrail system must be able to withstand force as specified in the regulation
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Guardrail systems
Guardrail components must be surfaced so they do not cause:
puncture wounds
lacerations
snagged clothing
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Protection from falling objects
Employees must be protected from:
falling hand tools
debris
other small objects
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Protection from falling objects
Protection is gained through the installation of:
toe boards
screens
guardrail systems
debris nets
catch platforms
canopy structures that contain or deflect the falling objects
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Protection from falling objects
When the falling objects are too large, heavy, or massive to be contained, keep objects away from the edge of the surface
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Protection from falling objects
Barricade areas to protect the employees working below from the hazards of falling:
tools
materials
equipment
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Protection from falling objects
Install a toe board along the edge of platforms more than 10 feet above lower levels
Protect the workers below when equipment or materials are piled to a height above the top rail or toe board on a scaffolds platform
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Load capacities
It is crucial to stay within the scaffolds load limits
Scaffolds must be designed by a qualified person
Scaffolds must be constructed and loaded in accordance with that design
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Load capacities
Each scaffold and scaffold component must be able to support:
its own weight
at least 4 times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to it
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Load capacities
Its up to the worker to understand and stay within the capacities of the equipment
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Load capacities
Dont make arbitrary changes to a scaffolds structure
Any modifications can affect the scaffolds capacity and stability
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Load capacities
Scaffolds and scaffold components must never be loaded in excess of their maximum intended loads or rated capacities, whichever is less
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Materials handling on scaffolds
Any materials taken onto the platform
must be handled properly
Do not allow debris to accumulate
on platforms
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Materials handling on scaffolds
If materials start to pile up above toe boards, the scaffold may need additional falling object protection
Secure any liquid or powdery materials to guard against spills
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Materials handling on scaffolds
Take extra precautions in windy conditions
During storms or high winds, a competent person must determine if it is safe for employees to be on the scaffold
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Materials handling on scaffolds
Use tag lines or equivalent measures to control any swinging loads that are being hoisted onto or near scaffolds
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Inspection requirements
Inspect scaffolds and scaffold components for visible defects before each shift
Inspect scaffolds after any occurrence that could affect a scaffolds structural
integrity
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Inspection requirements
Early detection of structural defects is important; look for hairline cracks
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Inspection requirements
Ensure that structural defects in platforms are not covered from view
Platforms may not be covered with opaque finishes
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Inspection requirements
Platforms may be coated with:
wood preservatives
fire-retardant finishes
slip-retardant finishes
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Inspection requirements
Platform edges can be marked to show identification, grading, or similar types of marks
Inspect ropes for defects prior to each work shift and after every occurrence that could affect a ropes integrity
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Inspection requirements
Before a suspension scaffold is used, inspect the direct connections (bolts)
Inspect and retighten wire rope clips at the start of each work shift
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Handling damaged components
Damaged or weakened scaffolds must be:
immediately repaired or replaced
braced
removed from service until repaired
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Handling damaged components
On suspension scaffolds, ropes must
be replaced if any of the following
conditions exist:
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Handling damaged components
Any physical damage that impairs the function and strength of the rope
Kinks that might impair the tracking or wrapping of rope around the drum(s) or sheave(s)
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Handling damaged components
Six randomly distributed broken wires in one rope lay or three broken wires in one strand in one rope lay
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Handling damaged components
Abrasion, corrosion, scrubbing, flattening or peening causing loss of more than one-third
of the original diameter of the outside wires,
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Handling damaged components
Heat damage caused by a torch or any damage caused by contact with electrical wires
Evidence that the secondary brake has been activated during an over speed condition and has engaged the suspension rope
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Safe access to scaffold platforms
When scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet above or below a point of access, means of access include:
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Safe access to scaffold platforms
Portable ladders
Hook-on ladders
Attachable ladders
Stair towers
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Safe access to scaffold platforms
Stairway-type ladders
Ramps
Walkways
Integral prefabricated scaffold access
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Safe access to scaffold platforms
Direct access from another scaffold, structure, personnel hoist, or similar surface
Cross braces cannot be used as a means of access
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Hazards of using materials to increase scaffold height
Dont use makeshift devices, such as boxes and barrels, to increase the working level height
Ladders must not be used on scaffolds to increase the working level height except on large area scaffolds
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Hazards of using materials to increase scaffold height
A large area scaffold is erected over substantially the entire work area:
a pole scaffold
tube and coupler scaffold
systems scaffold
fabricated frame scaffold
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Hazards of using materials to increase scaffold height
Ladders may be used on large area scaffolds if the:
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Hazards of using materials to increase scaffold height
Ladder is placed against a structure that is not a part of the scaffold
Scaffold has been secured against the sideways thrust exerted by the ladder
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Hazards of using materials to increase scaffold height
Platform units are secured to the scaffold to prevent their movement
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Hazards of using materials to increase scaffold height
Ladder legs are on the same platform or other means is used to stabilize the ladder against unequal platform deflection
Ladder legs are secured to prevent them from slipping or being pushed off the platform
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Moving a scaffold
Unless so designed, scaffolds cannot be moved horizontally while employees are on them
Follow the requirements at 1926.452 for mobile scaffolds
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Erecting/dismantling scaffolds
Employees must be trained and experienced in erecting and dismantling scaffolds
Employees working on supported scaffolds must be provided with safe access
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Erecting/dismantling scaffolds
A competent person must determine if providing safe access is feasible based on site conditions and the type of scaffold
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Erecting/dismantling scaffolds
For employees who are erecting supported scaffolds, hook-on or attachable ladders are to be installed as soon as possible
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Erecting/dismantling scaffolds
End frames with horizontal members that are parallel, level, and not more than 22 inches apart vertically may be used as climbing devices for access
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Erecting/dismantling scaffolds
Cross braces on tubular welded frame scaffolds must not be used as a means of access or egress during erecting or dismantling work
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Erecting/dismantling scaffolds
Employers are required to provide fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds
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Erecting/dismantling scaffolds
A competent person must determine the feasibility and safety of providing fall
protection for employees
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Aerial lifts
29 CFR 1926.453 addresses both general and specific requirements
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Aerial lifts
Aerial lifts include the following types of vehicle-mounted aerial devices:
Extensible boom platforms
Aerial ladders
Articulating boom platforms
Vertical towers
A combination of any such devices
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Aerial lifts
Aerial equipment:
may be made of metal, wood, fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP), or other material
may be powered or manually operated
is considered to be an aerial lift whether or not it is capable of rotating about a substantially vertical axis
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Aerial lifts
A body belt must be worn with a lanyard attached to the boom or basket when working from an aerial lift
Body belts that meet the requirements of 29 CFR 1926.502(e) are acceptable
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Aerial lifts
Do not belt off to an adjacent pole, structure, or equipment while working from an aerial lift
All of the training requirements in 29 CFR 1926.454 apply to the use of aerial lifts
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Aerial lifts
Only authorized persons can operate an aerial lift
Lift controls must be tested each day prior to use
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Aerial lifts
Climbers must not be worn when working from an aerial lift
Unless so designed, an aerial lift truck must not be moved when the boom is elevated in a working position with workers in the basket.