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SC.7.P.11.1- Recognize that adding heat to or removing heat from a system may result in a temperature change and possibly a change of state.
•Vocabulary (Make cards/flaps):
Vaporization
Equilibrium (p. 290)
Thermal Conductor
Thermal Insulator
Heat
Temperature
Convection
Conduction
Radiation
SC.7.P.11.4- Observe and describe that heat flows in predictable ways, moving from warmer objects to cooler ones until they reach the same temperature
PUT THIS IN YOUR
NOTEBOOK
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First Things First…1) Go Over Quiz
2) Go Over Bill Nye Video
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Essential Questions1) What is the difference between
heat and temperature?
2) How does an increase or decrease in heat affect molecules?
3) What causes a change of state in matter?
4) What are the predictable ways that heat flows?
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Kinetic Molecular Theory• Helps explain the movement of particles in
matter. • Has 3 main points
1. All matter is made of tiny particles, like atoms and molecules
2. These particles are in constant, random motion3. These particles constantly collide with each other
and with the walls of their container.
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Friday Warm-Up1. What are the 3 main states/phases of matter?
2. How do you think matter moves within the 3 states of matter?
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Particle Speed in MatterSolid- particles vibrate in place (SLOW)
Liquid- particles slide past each other (FASTER)
Gas- particles move freely (FASTEST)
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Thermal Energy• The sum of the kinetic energy and the potential
energy of the particles that make up an object• The more molecules an object has, the more
thermal energy it has.
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Temperature• The measure of the average kinetic energy in
the particles in a material.• If an object feels cold, it’s molecules have low
kinetic energy.• The SI unit for temperature is Kelvin (K), but
scientists often use Celsius (C). • In the US, we usually use Fahrenheit (F) to
measure temperature.
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Temperature Scales• Kelvin (K)
• Water boils at 373K• Water freezes at 273K• Absolute Zero (coldest possible temperature)
means no movement of particles. 0K
• Celsius (C)• Water boils at 100C• Water freezes at 0C
• Fahrenheit (F)• Water boils at 212F• Water freezes at
32F
Temp.Scale
Water Boils At:
Water Freezes At:
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Heat • The movement of thermal energy from a region of
higher temperature to a region of lower temperature
• Thermal energy ALWAYS moves from warm to cold.• Eventually, both objects will reach thermal equilibrium.• The molecules inside the warmer object will transfer
some heat to the molecules inside the colder object until they have the same temperature.
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Heat Transfer • There are three types of heat transfer:
1. Convection2. Conduction3. Radiation
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Monday Warm-Up• Choose a NEW seat RESPONSIBLY! DO NOT SIT WITH
PEOPLE YOU WILL YAP TO… OR CARDS WILL BE WRITTEN ON!
• What are 3 things that you remember from last week’s heat lessons?
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Conduction• The transfer of thermal energy by collisions
between particles in matter. • In other words… heat is transferred through direct
contact .• Molecules transfer energy to the molecules next
to them.
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Convection• The transfer of thermal energy by the movement of
particles from one part of a material to another. • In other words, through the movement of currents
(circular)• Warm air/liquids are less dense and rise, cool air
liquids are more dense and sink.
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Radiation• The transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic
waves.• In other words, no direct contact needed.
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Heat Transfer
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So what happens to matter when heated/cooled?• Stand up• Stay quiet
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So what happens to matter when heated/cooled?• Most materials contract (shrink) when they are cooled….
and expand (grow) when they are heated. • This happens because as we have already learned,
molecules move faster (and occupy more volume) when heated and slower (occupy less volume) when cooled.
• This is called thermal expansion and thermal contraction.• Water is an exemption to thermal contraction… when it
cools down, it expands.
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When thermal energy is added or removed from a system….• At the very least, a temperature change occurs. • If enough thermal energy is added or removed, a
change of state occurs.
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DEMO TIME
•SIT QUICKLY AND QUIETLY•GET OUT YOUR NB AND PEN/PENCIL
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Changes Between Solids and Liquids
Heat(make cold)
Heat
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Changes Between Liquids and Gases
Heat(make cold)
Heat
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Changes Between Solids and Gases
Heat(make cold)
Heat
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Conductors and Insulators
• A thermal conductor is a material in which thermal energy moves quickly- it transfers thermal energy easily • Usually made of more dense materials
• A thermal insulator is a material in which thermal energy moves slowly- it does not transfer thermal energy easily• Usually made of less dense materials