Sc Water Pollution

8/14/2019 Sc Water Pollution

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SCIENCE FOLIO

NAME : NOR SYAZWANI BT

ZULKEFLI

NO I/C: 940621-07-5348

CLASS: 2 IKRAM

TITLE : THE EFFECTS OF WATERPOLLUTIONS ON LIVINGTHINGS


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CONTENTSNO CONTENT PAGE

1 TITLE

2 INTRODUCTION

3 OBJECTIVE

4 WATER POLLUTION

5 ADDITIONAL FORMS OF WATER POLLUTION

6 CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION

7 EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION

8 WAYS TO CONTROL WATER POLLUTION

9 WAYS TO CONSERVE AND PRESERVE WATER

QUALITY

10 CONCLUSION


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INTRODUCTION

Comprising over 70% of the Earths surface, water is undoubtedly the most preciousnatural resource that exists on our planet. Without the seemingly invaluable compound

comprised of hydrogen and oxygen, life on Earth would be non-existent: it is essential for

everything on our planet to grow and prosper. Although we as humans recognize thisfact, we disregard it by polluting our rivers, lakes, and oceans. Subsequently, we are

slowly but surely harming our planet to the point where organisms

are dying at a very alarming rate. In addition to innocent organisms dying off, ourdrinking water has become greatly affected as is our ability to use water for recreational

purposes. In order to combat water pollution, we must understand the problems and

become part of the solution.


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OBJECTIVE

To learn more about the effect of the water pollution

To discuss about ways to conserve and preserve water quality

To be able to explain the effects of water pollution on living things

To be able to explain ways to control water pollution

Help take care of our precious commodity

To be more responsible when using water

Understanding the preservation of water quality


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1. Water pollution occurs when unwanted and harmful substances pollute the water.

The substances are called water pollutants.2. Water pollutants come from industrial waste, domestic waste, chemicals,

agricultural activities, mining activities, Siltation and oil spillage from tankers.

3. Industrial waste(a) Factory waste includes inorganic solids and toxic chemicals. Examples of such

chemicals are alkalis, acids, mercury, lead, cyanide and radioactive substances.

(b) Factory waste is discharge into rivers and seas, polluting the water and poisoning

the aquatic life.4. Domestic waste

(a) Domestic waste which is thrown into drains results in water pollution.

(b) Pollutants from homes include garbage, untreated sewage and detergents(c) Non-biodegradable detergents, plastic bags and styrofoam articles which cannot

be broken down into harmless substances can pollute water for many years.

They are harmful to plants and small animals.(d) Sewage is waste matter that is dissolved or suspended in water. It has a high

content of human excreta and urine.

(e) Domestic rubbish includes left over food and wastes such as paper, plastic, glassand metal.

5. Agricultural waste

(a) In agriculture, the use of chemicals fertilisers, pesticides, insecticides, herbicides

and fungicides can pollute the water.(b) These substances leach into the ground and enter the water sources in the soil

which later flows into rivers, ponds and lakes.

6. Siltation(a) When forests are cut down and construction activities are carried out, the mud

and silt flow into rivers lakes.

7. Oil spills(a) Oil spills occur when oil tankers are involved in accidents with other ship at sea.

(b) The seas are also polluted with oil that comes from illegal cleaning of oil

tankers while at the sea.

(c) The layer of oil that forms on the surface of the sea does not dissolved in water.The oil spreads quickly and soon forms a large area on the surface of sea. This

layer of oil kills animals in the sea and ruins beaches when it turns the shore

black and sticky.


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ADDITIONAL FORMS OF WATER

POLLUTION

Three last forms of water pollution exist in the forms of petroleum,radioactive substances, and heat. Petroleum often pollutes waterbodies in the form of oil, resulting from oil spills. The previouslymentioned Exxon Valdez is an example of this type of water pollution.These large-scale accidental discharges of petroleum are an importantcause of pollution along shore lines. Besides the supertankers, off-shore drilling operations contribute a large share of pollution. Oneestimate is that one ton of oil is spilled for every million tons of oiltransported. This is equal to about 0.0001 percent. Radioactivesubstances are produced in the form of waste from nuclear powerplants, and from the industrial, medical, and scientific use of

radioactive materials. Specific forms of waste are uranium andthorium mining and refining. The last form of water pollution is heat.Heat is a pollutant because increased temperatures result in thedeaths of many aquatic organisms. These decreases in temperaturesare caused when a discharge of cooling water by factories


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Many causes of pollution including sewage and fertilizers containnutrients such as nitrates and phosphates. In excess levels, nutrientsover stimulate the growth of aquatic plants and algae. Excessivegrowth of these types of organisms consequently clogs our waterways,use up dissolved oxygen as they decompose, and block light to deeperwaters.This, in turn, proves very harmful to aquatic organisms as it affects therespiration ability or fish and other invertebrates that reside in water.

Pollution is also caused when silt and other suspended solids, suchas soil, wash off plowed fields, construction and logging sites, urbanareas, and eroded river banks when it rains. Under natural conditions,

lakes, rivers, and other water bodies undergo Eutrophication, an agingprocess that slowly fills in the water body with sediment and organicmatter. When these sediments enter various bodies of water, fishrespiration becomes impaired, plant productivity and water depthbecome reduced, and aquatic organisms and their environmentsbecome suffocated. Pollution in the form of organicmaterial enters waterways in many different forms as sewage, asleaves and grass clippings, or as runoff from livestock feedlots andpastures. When natural bacteria and protozoan in the water breakdown this organic material, they begin to use up the oxygen dissolvedin the water. Many types of fish and bottom-dwelling animals cannotsurvive when levels of dissolved oxygen drop below two to five partsper million. When this occurs, it kills aquatic organisms in largenumbers which leads to disruptions in the food chain.


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1. By-products, toxic substances and radioactive substances from factories:(a) Radioactive waste substances can cause cancer.

(b) Mercury, lead and heavy metals from the water will accumulate in the tissues

and organs of animals through the food chain.(c) These harmful metals may end up being consumed by humans when they eat

these animals.

2. Domestic waste

(a) People who drink water that has been polluted by domestic waste can be

infected with diseases such as cholera, dysentery and typhoid.

(b) This polluted water can also cause skin diseases if it is used for washing clothesand bathing.

(c) As bacteria and algae grow in polluted water, they use up oxygen. The

decaying organic substances also reduce the dissolved oxygen supply in the

water. As a result, many aquatic living things will die. The decaying matter willemit a bad smell.

3. Chemicals substances from the agricultural sector:(a) Fertilisers that flow into rivers will cause algae to grow fast. Their growth

prevents sunlight from reaching the plants in the water.(b) The aquatic plants die. The river ecosystem will be affected. Many aquatic

animals will also die as a result of lack of oxygen in the water.

(d) most pesticides, insecticides, herbicides and fungicides are not easily broken

down. These toxic substances leach into the soil. From the soil they aretransferred through the food chain to animals and humans.

4. Siltation(a) Mud pollutes rivers and lakes.

(b) Mud prevents sunlight from entering the water. As a result, plants cannot carry

out photosynthesis and die.

5. Oil spills

(a) The layer of oil that forms on the surface of the sea prevents sunlight and air


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from entering the water. The plants and animals in the water will die.

(b) Seabirds fish and other aquatic organisms are killed because the oil is toxic.

(c) Polluted beaches endanger the organisms which live along the beach areas.(d) Fishermen depend on the sea for their livelihood. So they suffer economic

hardship.

1. Water pollution is a serious and complex problem in Malaysia.2. several approaches can be used to control water pollution:

(a) Holding campaigns to prevent water pollution. These campaigns educate the

public on the dangers of water pollution and suggest ways to prevent water

pollution.(b) Implementing laws under the Environmental Quality Act (Scheduled Wastes)

1989 on the disposal of chemical wastes, rubbish, carcasses and excreta into

rivers and seas.(c) Rubbish should be placed in closed rubbish bin and disposed of in the

designated dumps. They should not be thrown into drains, river or seas.

(d) The use of fertilisers, fungicides and pesticides must be controlled to reducewater pollution. Safer alternative methods such as biological control can be

used in the agricultural sector.

(e) Recycling paper, plastic, glass and metals prevents these materials from

ending up in drains and rivers.(f) Waste products from factories have to be treated. This is to make sure that

they are not harmful before they are disposed of into the public sewage

system.(g) The authorities should implement a system of detecting oil spills in the Straits

of Malacca or the South China Sea. This system will surely ensure that oil

spills are detected immediately. Quick action can be taken to prevent theworsening. Offenders can be prosecuted under the law.

(h) The main steps to water pollution control are prevention, monitoring and

enforcement.


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1. Industries have policies and the technology to achieve their business objectives.

At the same time, these policies should also preserve the quality of water.

2. A factory that has caused water pollution must be responsible for its actions. Itmust pay compensation for the damages brought about by its activities.

3. Projects such as building hotels and rest house along beach areas to attract touristsmay cause pollution of the seas and beaches. Therefore, a carefully planned

construction strategy should be followed.

4. Cleaning agents that are used in homes are mostly petrochemical-based. These

cleaning agents contain substances that can pollute the rivers and lakes. Today,cleaning agents without petrochemicals are available. The public should be

encouraged to use these new cleaning agents.

5. In the agricultural sector, steps should be taken to reduce the use of pesticides,fungicides and fertilisers. These chemicals pollute the water.

6. To control pests, biological control methods can be used. For example, owls canbe used to control rats which eat the oil palm fruit.

7. In the education sector, environmental education should be incorporated into the

school curriculum. This will make students aware of the water pollution problem.

Students will know the effects and consequences of water pollution. They will

learn about ways to control this problem.8. Educational programmes for the community should be carried out. This increases

the public awareness of conserving water, reducing dangerous wastes and

recycling to preserve water quality.9. As part of the efforts to preserve water quality, recycling should be carried out.

Wastes which can be recycled include old newspapers, glass, aluminium cans, old

tyres and plastic.10. We should make an effort to conserve and preserve water quality. The first step

must come from us. We are the ones who determine the water quality in our

country.


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Clearly, the problems associated with water pollution have thecapabilities to disrupt life on our planet to a great extent. Congress haspassed laws to try to combat water pollution thus acknowledging thefact that water pollution is, indeed, a serious issue. But thegovernment alone cannot solve the entire problem. It is ultimately upto us, to be informed, responsible and involved when it comes to theproblems we face with our water. We must become familiar with our

local water resources and learn about ways for disposing harmfulhousehold wastes so they dont end up in sewage treatment plantsthat cant handle them or landfills not designed to receive hazardousmaterials. In our yards, we must determine whether additionalnutrients are needed before fertilizers are applied, and look foralternatives where fertilizers might run off into surface waters. Wehave to preserve existing trees and plant new trees and shrubs to helpprevent soil erosion and promote infiltration of water into the soil.Around our houses, we must keep litter, pet waste, leaves, and grassclippings out of gutters and storm drains. These arejust a few of the many ways in which we, as humans, have the ability

to combat water pollution. As we head into the 21st century,awareness and education will most assuredly continue to be the twomost important ways to prevent water pollution. If these measures arenot taken and water pollution continues, life on earth will sufferseverely.

Global environmental collapse is not inevitable. But the developedworld must work with the developing world to ensure that newindustrialized economies do not add to the world's environmentalproblems. Politicians must think of sustainable development ratherthan economic expansion. Conservation strategies have to becomemore widely accepted, and people must learn that energy use can bedramatically diminished without sacrificing comfort. In short, with thetechnology that currentlyexists, the years of global environmental mistreatment can begin to bereversed.


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We can conclude that:

Types of

pollutants

Pollutants Source Harmful effects on living things

Industrialwaste

Toxic chemicals Factories that usechemicals

Causes poisoning such as mercurypoisoning in animals and plants.

Radioactive

residues

Nuclear power

plants

Harms animals and plants that have been

exposed to the radioactive rays.

Domestic

waste

Garbage or litter Household chokes fish, birds and othermarine which eat the garbage

blocks sunlight and preventsaquatic plants from making food

Untreated sewage Households

without propersewage facilities

causes diseases such as cholera

and typhoid

Reduces dissolved oxygen in

water as bacteria use up the

dissolved oxygen to break downsewage.

Promotes growth of algae which

in turn blocks sunlight fromreaching other water plants

Kill marine life when the

dissolved oxygen and food inwater are reduced

Agricultural waste Excessivefertiliser

Farms, gardens,estates

Reduces the amount of dissolved

oxygen in water as bacteria useup the oxygen to break down the

fertilizers.

Promotes growth of algae which

in turn blocks sunlight from

reaching other water plants

Kill marine life when thedissolved oxygen and food in

water are reduced

Pesticides Farms, gardens,

estates Kills other living things besides

pests

Harms animals and human whenthey eat plants which contain

toxic pesticides


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Waste from

silting

Mud, silt, sand

and other solidsin the soil

Deforested areas,

construction sites blocks sunlight from reaching

water plants which will die when

they cannot make their own food

slows down or blocks the flow of

water

Accidental

spillage andleakage from

oil tankers

Oil Oil tankers, sea

vessels, boatrepair yards, oil

refineries

Poisons and kill birds, animals and

other marine life that swallow theoil.

Damages the feathers of birds and in

turn prevents bird from flying tosearch for food.

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