SBI4U - Biochemistry Macromolecules 1 Carbohydrates.

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SBI4U - Biochemistry Macromolecules 1 Carbohydrates

Transcript of SBI4U - Biochemistry Macromolecules 1 Carbohydrates.

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SBI4U - Biochemistry

Macromolecules 1

Carbohydrates

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Macromolecules

• macromolecules are large molecules that are often composed of repeating sub-units

• some of the biologically important macromolecules are:– carbohydrates -lipids– proteins -nucleic acids

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Carbohydrates

• carbohydrates are the most important energy source

• animals cannot synthesize carbohydrates; they must be consumed in plant material

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Monosaccharides

• single sugars in straight chain or ring form

• C:H:O usually in 1:2:1 ratio (glucose is C6H12O6)

• examples: fructose, galactose, ribose, deoxyribose

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Monosaccharides

• some monosaccharides are isomers, e.g., glucose, fructose, and galactose

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Glucose Isomers

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Disaccharides

• made from 2 single sugars

• examples: sucrose, maltose, lactose

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Dehydration Synthesis

• disaccharides are formed by a dehydration synthesis (condensation) reaction

• See animation: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UyDnnD3fMaU

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Dehydration Synthesis

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Hydrolysis Reaction

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Find the sugars…

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“Healthy” Clif bars continued…

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Polysaccharides

• oligosaccharides are shorter-chain sugars with 3-10 single sugars

• longer chain carbohydrates are called polysaccharides

• examples: starch, cellulose, glycogen, chitin

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Polysaccharides

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Low-Carb Diets

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Low-Carb Diets

• Names of popular low-carb-diets?

• What kinds of foods are you allowed/not allowed to eat?

• What are the benefits of the diet?

• What are possible risks of the diet?