Savings Groups: Designing for Impact · Savings Groups: Designing for Impact. Workshop objectives...
Transcript of Savings Groups: Designing for Impact · Savings Groups: Designing for Impact. Workshop objectives...
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Savings Groups: Designing for Impact
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Workshop objectives
▪ Equip participants to identify strategies for best
utilizing savings group programming to contribute
to region, country or program goals.
▪ Equip participants to analyze appropriate
opportunities for linkages in savings group
programming.
▪ Equip participants to define appropriate
monitoring and evaluation elements for savings
groups.
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Workshop Map
Target groups,
vulnerabilities &
protection
Sustainability
Linkages &
add-ons
Monitoring,
evaluation & the
evidence base
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Workshop Map
Target groups,
vulnerabilities &
protection
Sustainability
Linkages & add-
ons
Monitoring,
evaluation & the
evidence base
How does participation in savings groups enhance OVC well-being?
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Getting to know each other
▪ What is your name?
▪ What is the name of your organization?
▪ Why are you interested in learning more
about savings group programming?
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Economic-strengthening pathway
Recover assets and stabilize household
consumption
Build self-insurance mechanisms and protect
key assets
Smooth household income and promote
asset growth
Smooth household consumption and manage
household cash flow
Expand household income and consumption
Secure and
resilient
households,
child well-being
Adapted from Jason Wolfe and Colleen Green (2012)
Asset protection and stabilization
House
hold
ass
ets
and inco
me
Destitution,
households
and children in
distress
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Economic Well-Being and ES Category
Households that
are . . .
Are ready for
livelihood . . .Which includes strategies to . . .
Prepared to grow
(somewhat vulnerable)PROMOTION
Grow income and
expenses
Struggling to make
ends meet
(very vulnerable)
PROTECTION Match income to
expenses
In destitution
(most vulnerable) PROVISION Meet basic needs
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Adapted from LIFT and PEPFAR
Enterprise
Development
Money
Management
Consumption
Support
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What are savings groups?
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Here is a short video on savings groups:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IvfhGMS5yIA
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Some common terms
▪ VSLA (Village Savings and Loan Association, CARE)
▪ SILC (Savings And Internal Lending Community, CRS)
▪ SfC (Saving for Change, FFH, Oxfam, Strømme)
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▪ ROSCA (Rotating
Savings and Credit
Association)
▪ ASCA (Accumulating
Savings and Credit
Association)
▪ SHG (Self-Help
Group)
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Economic-strengthening pathway
Recover assets and stabilize household
consumption
Build self-insurance mechanisms and protect
key assets
Smooth household income and promote
asset growth
Smooth household consumption and manage
household cash flow
Expand household income and consumption
Secure and
resilient
households,
child well-being
Adapted from Jason Wolfe and Colleen Green (2012)
Asset protection and stabilization
House
hold
ass
ets
and inco
me
Destitution,
households
and children in
distress
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© K
arl G
robl fo
r Fre
edom
fro
m H
unge
r
Take a moment to reflect on the
beneficiaries of your programs:• Who are they?
• What challenges do they face?
• What resources do they have?
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VC
SG
VC
Caregivers
SG
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Workshop Map
Target groups,
vulnerabilities &
protection
Sustainability
Linkages & add-
ons
Monitoring,
evaluation & the
evidence base
How does participation in SGs enhance OVC well-being?
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Workshop Map
Target groups,
vulnerabilities &
protection
Sustainability
Linkages & add-
ons
Monitoring,
evaluation & the
evidence base
Theory of Change
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What is a Theory of Change?
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▪ Expresses a causal pathway for change.
▪ Focuses on assumptions about how change
happens.
▪ Tests assumptions through project design and
monitoring & evaluation.
▪ Focuses on how change happens.
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Theory of ChangeLogical Framework
(Logframe)
Describes how and why you
think change happens
Describes how program activities
will lead to outputs, outcomes
and goals
Encompasses a wide range of
social actors
Tends to be restricted to key
partners
Focuses on how change happensFocuses on completing activities
to enable results
Is a tool for program design and
evaluationIs a tool for project monitoring
Uses and builds evidence to
prove key assumptions
References risks and assumptions,
but does not focus on these
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Impact Group
InterventionInterventionIntervention
Impact Goal
Preconditions or
Outcomes
Preconditions or
Outcomes
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Expected Outcomes of Savings Groups
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Group work
What are the expected
outcomes for your
group from their
participation in savings
groups?
1. Youth
2. Adolescent girls
3. Primary caregivers
of OVC
4. Children
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Limitations and challenges of savings
groups
• RED = Most difficult to
achieve
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• GREEN = Most
Important for your
Theory of Change
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Group work: Challenges of achieving
desired outcomes
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In your groups, respond to the following question:
1. Why are these outcomes difficult to achieve?
Write your responses on a flip chart and be prepared to
present them to the group.
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Barriers to Participation
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Hire staff /
recruit
volunteers
Savings
group starts
meeting
Community
sensitization
meetings
Groups
start
financial
activities
Train staff /
volunteers
Additional
activities
are added
Ask: Who, where, when, how much, with whose permission?
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Group work 1. Discuss barriers to
participation in savings
groups for your target
population.
2. Prepare a 2-minute
role-play that shows
the barriers that your
population may face in
participating in savings
groups.
1. Youth
2. Adolescent girls
3. Primary caregivers
of OVC
4. Children
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Youth
Adolescent girls
Primary caregivers
Children
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Group work: Enabling participation
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In your groups:
1. Discuss recommendations on savings group
program modifications to better meet the needs
of your target population.
2. Prepare to report back on modifications.
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Workshop Map
Target groups,
vulnerabilities &
protection
Sustainability
Linkages & add-
ons
Monitoring,
evaluation & the
evidence base
Theory of Change
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Group work: Linkages and add-ons
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For your target group, discuss how to answer the
following:
• Which add-on is appropriate for your group? Why?
Write your responses on a flip chart and be prepared to
present them to the group.
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Linking Savings Groups to Formal Financial Services
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Why do savings groups want bank
accounts?
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Safety of
Savings
Access to
Credit
Build Financial
History
97% 61% 30%
Research Brief: Practices & Possibilities in Savings Groups
The MasterCard Foundation
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When should
savings groups link?
1. When they experience
periods of excess cash
2. When they are mature
3. When they can function
independently
4. When they can function
transparently
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When should
savings groups link?
1. When they experience
periods of excess cash
2. When they are mature
3. When they can function
independently
4. When they can function
transparently
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▪ What is the risk of not
waiting until your
criterion is met?
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Delivering Additional Services
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▪ Same
organization
▪ Same service-
delivery staff
▪ Same end user
Unified
▪ Same
organization
▪ Different service-
delivery staff
▪ Same end user
Parallel
3 models of integration
Linked
▪ Different
organizations
▪ Different service-
delivery staff
▪ Same end users
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Group work: Risks of layering add-ons
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Pros and cons discuss together:
• What is one piece of advice you would give in order
to achieve success with the type of linkage described
in your statement?
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Workshop Map
Target groups,
vulnerabilities &
protection
Sustainability
Linkages & add-
ons
Monitoring,
evaluation & the
evidence base
Theory of Change
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Knowledge and Skills
Process GroupsAccess to Groups
Access to Appropriate
Financial Services
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Dynamic Ladies Savings Group
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• Formed 2 years ago by a staff member of a local community-based organization.
• Made a handful of loans to non-members, some of which have not yet been repaid.
• Continued to meet, but less regularly now—approximately once a month.
• Field agent who initially formed the group visited the village monthly to work with other savings groups; assisted the management committee in organizing meetings.
• Members have not saved for 9 months and is unable to lend to members.
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Bright Futures Savings Group
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• Formed by a village agent 3 years ago.
• VA assisted in first end-of-cycle share out; all members decided to remain in the savings group and to increase the savings amount.
• Continued to meet weekly but have not had another share out.
• Made many changes to constitution—members think they may have made some mistakes, including lending to members who have not repaid loans and allowing committee members to stand for re-election.
• Wanted to have additional training to strengthen the group, but the village agent moved.
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All Our Sons and Daughters Savings
Group
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• Formed 2 years ago by a village agent who has since moved away.
• VA assisted in first end-of-cycle share out; all members decided to stay in the savings group.
• Made changes to their internal rules in 2nd cycle, including increasing the savings amount and starting a social fund.
• Each change was voted on by all members; rules are written in a notebook and available for any member to read at any meeting.
• Members are happy with group but a small number want higher loans than are available from the group.
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Workshop Map
Target groups,
vulnerabilities &
protection
Sustainability
Linkages & add-
ons
Monitoring,
evaluation & the
evidence base
Theory of Change
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NGO
“Traditional” approach
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PSP approach (CRS)
Supervision
Field Agent (free)
Training
PSP (fee for service)
Networks
Examination Apprentices
NGO
Recruitment
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NGO
Replicator approach (FFH)
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NGO
Community agent approach (FFH)
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Franchisee
Franchisee approach (CARE)
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Traditional
Approach
Private
Service
Provider
Replicator
Community
Agent
Franchise
Model
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Building the
sustainability of
communities’ access
to savings groups
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Group work: Service-delivery models
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▪ You have committed
to reaching a large
number of
caregivers in
communities where
there is high
interest in SGs.
Your program also
incorporates
business skills
education.
Group 1
▪ You have
committed to
reaching large
numbers of
young people.
Your program
also incorporates
life skills
education.
Group 2
▪ You have
committed to
reaching very
vulnerable and
isolated
households. Your
program includes
also integrating
health and social
services.
Group 3
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Workshop Map
Target groups,
vulnerabilities &
protection
Sustainability
Linkages & add-
ons
Monitoring,
evaluation & the
evidence base
Theory of Change
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Universal Program Quality Guidelines
1. Design the program with clear outreach and quality
objectives that align all stakeholders with the desired
outcomes
2. Know the groups you intend to serve, including the most
vulnerable, and take appropriate actions to reach them
3. Select, train, manage and monitor trainers in a manner
that recognizes their essential contribution to the
program
4. Promote a tested savings group model and instill in
members an understanding and respect for that model’s
procedures
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Universal Program Quality Guidelines
5. If choosing to combine savings group with other activities,
do so in a safe and responsible manner that respects the
autonomy of the group members to make their own
decisions
6. Inform savings group members about the risks and
opportunities of entering into a relationship with a formal
financial institution and empower them to make their own
choices
7. Consistently monitor and evaluate program performance
8. Design the program with a clear exit strategy that leaves
in place post-program structures for expansion of services
and ongoing support
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Universal Program Quality Guidelines
▪ How do the Guidelines promote safe savings
groups?
▪ What are the risks of programming that does
not respect the Guidelines?
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What would you add to the Universal Program
Quality Guidelines for your organization?
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Workshop Map
Target groups,
vulnerabilities &
protection
Sustainability
Linkages & add-
ons
Monitoring,
evaluation & the
evidence base
Theory of Change
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Key Performance Ratios
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1. Attendance rate
2. Member retention rate per cycle
3. Savings as percentage of loans outstanding
4. Savings per member, as percentage of GNI/capita
5. Percentage of members with loans outstanding
6. Loans past due, as percentage of loans outstanding
7. Average annualized return on assets
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< 1 year
Attendance rate 96.7%
Member retention rate per cycle 98.5%
Savings as percentage of loans
outstanding80.4%
Savings per member, as percentage of
GNI/capita2.3%
Percentage of members with loans
outstanding78.5%
Loans past due, as percentage of loans
outstanding0.1%
Average annualized return on assets 73.1%
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< 1 year > 1 year
Attendance rate 96.7% 86.7%
Member retention rate per cycle 98.5% 83.2%
Savings as percentage of loans
outstanding80.4% 83.8%
Savings per member, as percentage of
GNI/capita2.3% 5.6%
Percentage of members with loans
outstanding78.5% 69.5%
Loans past due, as percentage of loans
outstanding0.1% 1.2%
Average annualized return on assets 73.1% 70.1%
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< 1 year > 1 year < 1 year
Attendance rate 96.7% 86.7% 88.9%
Member retention rate per cycle 98.5% 83.2% 81.7%%
Savings as percentage of loans
outstanding80.4% 83.8% 102.0%
Savings per member, as percentage of
GNI/capita2.3% 5.6% 1.9%
Percentage of members with loans
outstanding78.5% 69.5% 62.9%
Loans past due, as percentage of loans
outstanding0.1% 1.2% 2.3%
Average annualized return on assets 73.1% 70.1% 40.9%
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< 1 year > 1 year < 1 year < 1 year
Attendance rate 96.7% 86.7% 88.9% 96.5%
Member retention rate per cycle 98.5% 83.2% 81.7%% 99.5%
Savings as percentage of loans
outstanding80.4% 83.8% 102.0% 96.3%
Savings per member, as percentage of
GNI/capita2.3% 5.6% 1.9% 6.1%
Percentage of members with loans
outstanding78.5% 69.5% 62.9% 54.3%
Loans past due, as percentage of loans
outstanding0.1% 1.2% 2.3% 0.0%
Average annualized return on assets 73.1% 70.1% 40.9% 43.5%
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Reviewing the Evidence Base
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Field experience / anecdotes
Interviews, case studies
Client surveys
Quasi-experimental with non-randomized
comparison group
Randomized control trials (RCTs)
Source: Savings Groups at the Frontier, edited by Candace Nelson, 2013
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AssociationCausality
Field experience / anecdotes
Interviews, case studies
Client surveys
Quasi-experimental with non-randomized
comparison group
Randomized control trials (RCTs)
Source: Savings Groups at the Frontier, edited by Candace Nelson, 2013
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Savings groups have emerged
as the most ‘popular and
durable’ of the community-
based models reaching the
poor.
Literature Review: Community-Based
Microfinance for Orphans and Vulnerable Children
International Rescue Committee
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But how do we know
whether they will work in
our programs?
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Group work: Discuss
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• Which outcomes have the strongest evidence base.
• Which outcomes have the weakest evidence base.
• Note any difference for savings groups for
caregivers versus savings groups for vulnerable
children (if any).
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Savings Groups Engaging Child
Caregivers
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Outcomes Evidence base
Increase household savings Strong
Increase household assets Medium
Increase household food security Strong
Alleviate poverty Medium
Improve health Medium
Improve educational attainment Medium
Increase child labor Weak
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Savings Groups Engaging Children and
Youth
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Outcomes Evidence base
Increase savings Medium
Increase assets Medium
Improve health Medium
Social empowerment Medium
Increase household food security Weak
Improve educational attainment Weak
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Workshop Map
Target groups,
vulnerabilities &
protection
Sustainability
Linkages & add-
ons
Monitoring,
evaluation & the
evidence base
Theory of Change
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Cause → EffectActions lead to
Outcomes
If I do _____________, then __________ will
happen.
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Group work: Causal links in the TOC
▪ Identify key cause-effect relationships in your TOC
▪ Take the most important relationship and review it
for completeness
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Workshop Map
Target groups,
vulnerabilities &
protection
Sustainability
Linkages & add-
ons
Monitoring,
evaluation & the
evidence base
Theory of Change
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Group work: Cause and effect in your
TOC
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▪ Clearly write the causes and effects in your TOC
▪ Choose one hypothesis to test in order to test the
overall TOC
▪ Answer the questions:
• What data would you need to test this cause and effect?
• Where could you get the data?
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Group work: Revising your TOC
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• Agree on key changes you feel need to be made to
the TOC to reflect what you have learned about the
role and potential of savings groups
• Agree to any modifications to the savings group
programming (often in the pathways) that would
advance the TOC
• Clarify your rationale for these changes
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Acknowledgement
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This training was produced under United States
Agency for International Development (USAID)
Cooperative Agreement No. AID-OAA-LA-13-00001
and was made possible by the generous support of
the American people through USAID and the United
States President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief.
The contents are the responsibility of FHI 360 and
Grameen Foundation and do not necessarily reflect
the views of USAID or the United States
Government.
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Acknowledgement
This training was produced under United States
Agency for International Development (USAID)
Cooperative Agreement No. AID-OAA-LA-13-00001
and was made possible by the generous support of
the American people through USAID and the United
States President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief.
The contents are the responsibility of FHI 360 and
Grameen Foundation and do not necessarily reflect
the views of USAID or the United States
Government.80