Save the Dutch Tiles

of the Convento de Santo Antônio do Recife !

Save the Dutch Tiles

ICOMOS 12-01-11

RECIFE, PE

CONVENTO DE

SANTO ANTÔNIO

Restoration 924 Dutch

17th C. blue-white Tiles

Photo HvN unless mentioned otherwise

Santo

Rua Imperador Dom Pedro II, 206

TILES SAVING PROJECT

1. RESTORATION of 924 17th C. blue-white TILES + a few hundred FRAGMENTS

2. REPARATION WALLS of the cloister-garden

3. REPUBLICATION Azulejos Holandeses no Convento de Santo Antônio do Recife, by J.M. dos Santos Simões and J.A. Gonsalves de Mello, Recife 1959

4. EDUCATION and SUSTAINABILITY WORKSHOPS

a) Cultural-History of the tiles b) Dutch tile fabrication c) Conservation of the tiles

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Actions taken, except lectures and information visits to MinBuZa and OCW

2004 FUNDARPE invites MoWIC to organise a project

2006 IPHAN and FUNDARPE confirm 2004 request

2007 Tichelaar Makkum asked for advice2008 April Tile ‘The Fiddler’ replica Makkum toH.M. the Queen and President Lula (next

picture)Sept. Article in TEGEL 36 Ned. Tiles

Museum (NLTm)2009 July World Monuments Fund involvedOct. Conference CIE Rotterdam: Poster and Contact Dutch Embassay Brazil (Mariëlle vanMiltenburg)Nov. Letter of intent NLTm to IPHAN &

FUNDARPE 2010 June NL Embassy subsidises Expertise

Mission Dutch Tiles to Recife (EM) / Report

Aug. RNW Emission EM+NLTm (J.Kamermans) by Mariângela Guimarães

2011 January ICOMOS lectures KatevLC +HvNM

2005 MoWIC Tiles Task force R –L:Coen Temminck Groll, Diederik Six, HvNM, Willy Metz, Renee van Asbeck

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The Fiddler on the wallIdea Reinier Russell, support by Jacob Gelt Dekker

• The Hague 2008, 11+12 April:• A remake of ‘the Fiddler’ by

Royal Tichelaar Makkum: offered by MoWIC to:

• H.M. Queen Beatrix• President Luiz Ignázio Lula da

Silva• Governor of Pernambuco,

Eduardo Henrique Accioly Campos,

• The former and future Ambassadors of Brazil in the Netherlands, H.E. Gilberto Vergne Saboia and H.E. José Artur Denot Medeiros

2009 ONG Friends Dutch Tiles Museum: Letter to IPHAN knowhow support Dutch Tiles Restoration Project Ger de Ree en Francine Stoffels

2009 CIE Conference RotterdamMoWIC Poster by Willem Muller

2007 Visit MAKKUM Sander Visser ‘t Hooft, Claudius Wolff, (Secr. Jacob Gelt Dekker), Loes Westermann-van der Steen and Willy Metz

Igreja São Francisco 1696 and reconstruction Convent (1606/1656)architect: Antônio Fernandes de MatosIrmãos da Venerável Ordem Terceira de São Francisco das Chagas

Capela Dourada 1697-1724 (goldmines Minas Gerais 1699)

RELIGION & TOURISM

In church & convent: Portuguese tiles-pictures XVIII C.

Projeto de Restauração do Acervo Azulejar

Convento de Santo Antônio do Recife

Órgão financiadorProjeto, acompanhamento e fiscalização

Proponente Empresa executora

2nd use NL flower-potPhoto Brother Manuel 2010

Last phase: Restoration of the figuration: manganese colour shows difference between old and new ultramarine

2009/2010: XVIII C. Portuguese tile-pictures in restoration!

Two restorers: Pérside Omena Ribeiro (Dir. Enterprise Grifo)and Kate van Lookeren Campagne (UvA)

Lingua franca: ‘Chemistry’ because of the chemical products!

Recalling: (Old) West-Indian Company1621-1675

1500 Terra da Vera Cruz / Brazil discovered by Portuguese

1630-1654 Brasil holandês / Hollands Brazil / Nieuw Holland [1624/25 1st attempt Bahia]

1636-1644 Government Johan Maurits, Count of Nassau-Siegen [1604-1679]

Commemoration 2000 and 2004 stimulated the Awareness of NL-BR Mutual Cultural Heritage > 2008: MOU Cultural Heritage![Memorandum of Understanding]

Nassau herdenking

Recife 18-06-2004 H.A.F.M.O. van Mierlo commemorating Nassau 400: ‘Nassau loved innovation. Recife has to follow his example’

How the Convento got the Dutch tiles?

A. Buildings / Houses WIC officials and well-to-do NL merchants

B. Palaces from Johan Maurits van Nassau 1. Huis Vrijburgh (1642, demolished until the 1st floor 1784

and entirely 1876) 2. Castle Boa Vista (1643-1654)

Particularity: the Huis Vrijburgh palace-gardenbordered upon Fort Ernestus (pict. 17)

Link Convent & NL / WIC

When the WIC in 1630 builtfortresses on the Island Antônio Vaz, situated between the mainland and Olinda + Recife, the 1606 Portuguese convent had been incorporated into Fort Ernestus.Building serving as the Fort Commander’s residence.

Pict. Barlaeus 1647 < 2<2

<2 Monasterium

Huis VrijburghFort Ernestus

Bovengalerij, zuidzijde

< Fort Ernestus wall in the new Convent

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History revisited: Fort Ernestus incorporated in the new Convent!In fact: the Convent’s building by this feature is Mutual Heritage, too.

Fort Ern. Wall up right

Different styles of the tiles: spiritual symbol of the (generalized!): character of the former colonizers Portugal and Holland: exuberant Baroque versus reserved Realism Photo Sander Visser ‘t Hooft 2005

- NL tiles: [18 x 3x14] + [8 x 3 x 7] = 924 17th C.- Rediscovered 1956, covered with white plaster

Hoekpartij 2 Corner motifs: ox-head, spider, meander (Wan Li), fleur-de-lis, winged leaf

Themes: ships, riders, single figures, child’s play, animals (jumpers, springertjes), sea-creatures, landscapes, flower-pots

Hoekpartij 3

Photo’s GRAU RecifeFragments filling loose spaces

Photo Arne van der Gen

Winged leaf

Oxhead

Spider

Wan-Li (meander)

<Fleur-de-lis

Iconological subjects

Ingrid de Jager: Different style and Large corner motifs are

earlier type!Only the ox-head tile in the center of the

cross resembling the Recife ones

More Dutch tiles in Ipojuca! The only ones in former ‘Hollantsch Brasiel’Franciscan Convent-church São Miguel in Ipojuca, Pe (1606)

7 Flower-pot 6 Diamond, serrated outlines*) withFleur-de-lis corner motive1 Flower-pot with ox-head

*) Dutch: gekarteld kwadraat, Pluis1998, 514

• Sea sand for building purpose: the whole construction is filled by salt (see shells on the pillar)

• Desalination of the tiles and• Avoidance of contact

between tiles and walls is necessary.

• About these and other calamities, Kate van Lookeren Campagnewill inform you in the next presentation

DESALINATION

Tiles and Architecture in Danger

Photo GRAU Recife, offered by Fred. Almeida IPHAN

Ingrid de Jager & Nora Iracema Schadee -PART I. ART-HISTORICAL FACTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON THE DUTCH TILES IN THE CONVENTO etc.- PART I.a ILLUSTRATIONS

Van Nederveen MeerkerkINTRODUCTION

Photo Agnaldo Silva do Nascimento

Photo: Kate vLC

Kate van Lookeren Campagne- PART II. CONDITION CONTROL OF AND CONSERVATION ADVICE FOR 18 PANELS OF 17th CENTURY DUTCH TILES IN THE CONVENTO et.

- PART IIa ILLUSTRATIONS- PART II.b APPENDIX: CONDITION OF THE TILES, STABILITY AND SALTS

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Restoration preparation

Ø2010 NL Embassy Brasília based on 2008 MOU:

MoWIC organises Fact-finding missionDutch tiles in Recife

Tasks of the Fact-finding mission :

1. Analysis of Style and Origin of the Tiles2. Analysis of the Restoration needs and Advice3. Estimates of the Budget

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EM with IPHAN, FUNDARPE Lectures by Ingrid and Kate in Instituto

Ricardo Brennand

FUNDARPE Nora, Kate, Ingrid, Maria, Ulysses, Roberto Carneiro2004 Ulysses Pernambucano de Mello invited me to‘take care of the azulejos holandeses, por favor’.

IRB. Transl. Eng.-Port. Daniel Breda

Nora Schadee: offers R’dam Museum medal to IRB, IPHAN, FUNDARPE and IAHGP

Expertise Mission (EM)

Members: Nora Schadee, Ingrid de Jager, (HMR), Kate van Lookeren Campagne (UvA) and Subscriber (MoWIC). Assistent: Agnaldo Silva do Nascimento (UFPE)

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Where have the tiles been fabricated?Here Rotterdam shows up!

• 2009 Ingrid de Jager, Nora Schadee Ed. ‘Tegels uit Rotterdam 1606-1866’

Schadee p. 37, De Jager pp. 44-46:

• Nicolaas Verhoeve (Verhouve, Van der Hoeve(n)) educated in Delft as a pottery maker; member Saint Lucas-guild

• 1609 Establishes with his Mother and Brother a pottery in Rotterdam, at the Marktveld. [First pottery in Rotterdam!]

• 1627 Appraisal of a Rotterdam tile fabric• 1628 Single owner of the fabric at the Marktveld

>>>

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Verhoeve Captain State Army and WIC

1633 Sells his atelier in Rotterdam1634 Departure to Recife, with his wife Barbara

& daughters. Nothing heard from him, since…Barbara remarries in Recife (Baptismal register Groote Kerk Recife,

Wash)

2010 In Report EM Part I: Schadee & De Jager: Evaluation of these dates

Personal observations: from 19 R’dam tiles-ateliers: 13 were founded in the Dutch/Brazil Period (1630-1654)From these 13, 6 ! ateliers were founded in the Nassovian Period (1636-1644)A significant indication of a Rotterdam-Recife connection ?

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Estimated Budget 1

• To be paid: USD• Restoration tiles by Grifo 132,490.00• Supervision by Dutch tile expert 46,000• Architecture cloister walls 90,000• Visual Documentation by Grifo 3,500• Concluding workshop and Syllabus 10,000• Re-publication + Transl book 1959 15,000• Educational workshops 2 x 5000 10,000• Unforeseen 5%+Administration 5% 30,699 +

Total 337,689.00

/ 2 = 168,844.50

MoWIC Foundation is contributing by investing personal time, knowledge and costs of its members

Quotation Grifo June 2010

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Estimated Budget 2 (stripped)

• Still to be paid in stripped budget: USD• Restoration tiles by Grifo 132,490• Architecture cloister walls 90,000• Visual Documentation by Grifo 3,500• Concluding workshop and Syllabus 10,000• Unforeseen 5%+Administration 5% 23,599

+Total 259,579.00

/ 2 = US$ 129,789.50

MoWIC Foundation is contributing by investing personal time, knowledge and costs of its members

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½ Budget 1 : ½ Budget 2

168,844.50 – 129,789.50

= US$ 39,055.00 difference

• Left out in Budget 2:Supervision (Kate van Lookeren Campagne)

Republication + Eng. Transl. Book (FUNDARPE)

Workshops (Leila Abe, Willem Muller, Agnaldo Silva et al.)

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WORLD MONUMENTS FUND

2009 Meeting with PresidentWMF Bertrand, comte du Vignaud de Villefort, flanked at his right by Bartold van Hasselt (RACM), and by Robert Quarles van Uffordand Diederik Six

2010 after EM Report: WMF’s reaction: YES, IF:Guaranteed Counterpartner(s)for HALF of the total project Budget 1 or 2

De Jager/SchadeeTEGELS UIT ROTTERDAM, 2009

Schadee: Recife inR’dam Tiles p 37

Agnaldo Silva do NascimentoA AZULARIA HOLANDESANO CONVENTO DE SANTOANTONIO MA monography UFPE 2011

J.M. dos Santos Simões and J.A. Gonsalves de Mello Recife 1959

TEGEL 36: Mauritsstad-Recife, Vingboons Atlas

Some literature

LITERATURE• 1647 BARLAEUS, GASPARUS, De Rerum per octennium...etc. in Brasilia, biografie over acht jaren gouverneurschap in • Brazilië van Johan Maurits, graaf van Nassau-Siegen, Amsterdam• 1888-1889 WASH, C.J., Doopregister van Recife, in Nederlnds Familieblad. Den Haag, resp. vols. 5-10 and 1-4• 1923 NEURDENBURG, ELIZABETH, Old Dutch Pottery and Tiles, Londres, Benn Brothers, 155 pp.• 1951 Tegeltjes in het Convento So. Antônio voor het eerst geïdentificeerd en gepubliceerd door Frans kunsthistoricus van kunst • in Brazilië, BAZAIN, GERMAIN, L’Architecture Religieuse au Brésil, São Paulo / Paris, 2 vols., 1958• 1957 Inventarisatie van de tegeltjes door JOÃO M. DOS SANTOS SIMÕES en JOSÉ ANTONIO GONSALVES DE MELLO • t.g.v. 300-jarig bestaan Província Franciscana do Brasil• 1959 SANTOS SIMÕES, JOÃO M. DOS en JOSÉ ANTONIO GONSALVES DE MELLO, Azulejos holandeses no Convento • Santo Antônio do Recife. Amigos da D.P.H.AN, Recife,Pe. • 1965 SANTOS SIMÕES, JOÃO M., A.BERENDSEN, MARCEL B.KEZER, SIGMUND SCHOUBURG en JAN TICHELAAR,• Elseviers Tegelboek. Amsterdam / Brussel• 1971 JONGE, C.H. DE, Dutch Tiles. Amsterdam• 1974, NOËL HUME, IVOR, A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial América, A. Knopf, New York.• 1975 BERENDSEN, A., SANTOS SIMÕES, JOÃO M. DOS, MARCEL B.KEZER, SIGMUND SCHOUBURG en JAN• TICHELAAR et al, Groot Tegelboek• 1979 DE TICHELAAR, Firma, Het Makkumer tegelboek, Makkum• 1979 KORF DINGEMAN, Tegels. Haarlem• 1980 JABOATÃO, FREI ANTONIO DE SANTA MARIA, Novo Orbe Seráfico Brasílico, reprodução fac similar da edição de 1859. 2 vols,• 1981ca. TERWEN, P.A., Ontzouten van tegels, in: TEGEL 9, Stichting vrienden van het tegelmuseum ‘ it noflik sté’, pp 21-23 • (Port. Vert. ‘Dessalanisação de Azulejos’, HvNM en A. van der Gen 2005)• 1989 NEDERVEEN MEERKERK, H.C. VAN, Recife. The rise of a 17th-century trade city from a cultural-historical • perspective, Assen / Maastricht, 1989, p367 e.v. (1988 Proefschrift Promotor Prof.Dr.Ir. C.L. Temminck Groll, Delft)

• 1997 PLUIS, J., De Nederlandse tegel / The Dutch Tile. Vrienden Nederlands Tegelmuseum en Primavera Pers, Leiden• 2000 BROEKE, J.TEN, A. van Sabben, R. Woudenberg, Antieke tgels/Antique tiles, Carreaux anciens, Oud-Beierland• 2002 TIGRE DE HOLANDA CAVALCANTI, S. EN A. DE MENEZES E CRUZ, O Azulejo na Arquitetura Civil de • Pernambuco S. XIX, São Paulo• 2003 SMEELE, P., A. VAN DER MEULEN et al, In Gorcum gebakken, Vianen• 2005 TICHELAAR, P.J. en Marlies Stoter, 400 Jaar Fries Aardewerk Steengoed!, Franeker • 2008 NEDERVEEN, Nederlandse tegels in Brazilië in cultuur-historisch perspectief, in: TEGEL 36, p19-32, Otterlo• 2009 MELLO, U. PERNAMBUCANO DE, Convento Franciscano de Santo Antônio. Recife, FUNDARPE PDF.• 2009 JAGER, I. DE, N.I. Schadee (Red.), Tegels uit Rotterdam 1609-1866, Rotterdam/Zaltbommel• 2010 NEDERVEEN , I. DE JAGER, N.I. SCHADEE, K. VAN LOOKEREN CAMPAGNE-NUTTALL, Report Fact-finding • mission Dutch Tiles Recife. MoWIC/ Ned. Ambassade Brazilië

2011 expected: SILVA DO NASCIMENTO, A., A Azularia Holandesa no Convento de Santo Antônio, UFPE, Recife

INTERNET: WILHELM JOLIET Websites

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Boven- en benedengalerij 1

Rain in 2004

UNIQUE CULTURAL HERITAGE

SAVE THE DUTCH TILES IN THE CONVENTO DO SANTO ANTÔNIO DO RECIFE!

• NEEDED: Dutch-Brazilian Crowd-funding

• And yes: due to YOUR NETWORK’S SUPPORT, Funds for theSecond HALF of the Project’s Costs can be collected!

• The WMF stands for the First!

Muito obrigada!