Williston

BarnwellPar Pond

L Lake

Savannah River

Burke Co.

Screven Co.

Aiken Co.

Barnwell C

o.

Barnwell Co.

Allendale Co.

Richmond Co.

Burke Co.

Savannah River Site

GEORGIA SOUTH CAROLINA

Ri ii li

l

ii

sk-Based Screen ng of Rad onuc de Re eases from the A

August 2006

Execut ve Summary Sect ons 1 - 13

Table of Contents – Chapters

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................... i 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ i

1.1 Purpose .......................................................................................................................... i 1.2 Brief Summary of SRS Operations ............................................................................... i 1.3 CDC Phased Approach and Scope of Phase III............................................................ ii 1.4 Phase II Release Estimates .......................................................................................... iv 1.5 Scenario Descriptions.................................................................................................. iv

2 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................viii 2.1 Primary Conclusions .................................................................................................viii 2.2 Secondary Conclusions ................................................................................................ x

3 Overall Analytical Approach.................................................................................................. xiv 4 References ............................................................................................................................... xx

1 INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................1-1

1.1 Purpose and Scope of the Phase III Report ............................................................................1-1 1.2 CDC Phased Approach to Dose Reconstruction ....................................................................1-2 1.3 Modifications to the Original CDC Approach .......................................................................1-3

1.3.1 Scenario Implementation...........................................................................................1-4 1.3.2 Merging of Air Release Sources ...............................................................................1-5 1.3.3 Doses and Risks from Radionuclides Discharged to Surface Water.........................1-5 1.3.4 Radionuclide Retention in the Streams and Swamp..................................................1-5 1.3.5 Completion and Qualification of the Contaminant Release Database ......................1-5 1.3.6 Input Data Determination..........................................................................................1-5 1.3.7 Determination of Probability Distributions ...............................................................1-6 1.3.8 Deer and Game Dose.................................................................................................1-6 1.3.9 Calculational Needs...................................................................................................1-7

1.4 References ............................................................................................................................1-10 2 BACKGROUND.................................................................................................................................2-1

2.1 Overview of Site Operations ..................................................................................................2-1 2.1.1 D-Area: Heavy Water Production and Processing ....................................................2-4 2.1.2 M-Area: Reactor Materials........................................................................................2-5 2.1.3 Reactor Areas ............................................................................................................2-5 2.1.4 F- and H-Separations Areas ......................................................................................2-7 2.1.5 Waste Management Areas.........................................................................................2-9 2.1.6 Additional SRS Facilities ........................................................................................2-10

2.2 Principal Radionuclides Released During SRS Operations .................................................2-10 2.2.1 F- and H-Separations Areas ....................................................................................2-11 2.2.2 Release of Radionuclides to Surface Water ............................................................2-13

2.3 SRS Environmental Setting..................................................................................................2-14 2.3.1 Population and Land Use ........................................................................................2-14 2.3.2 Environmental Characteristics ................................................................................2-14

1

2.3.3 Ecology....................................................................................................................2-17 2.4 References ............................................................................................................................2-19

3 SCENARIO DESCRIPTIONS............................................................................................................3-1

3.1 Scenarios Proposed by CDC and Considered by the SRSHES ..............................................3-1 3.2 Exposure Scenarios and Locations.........................................................................................3-4

3.2.1 Exposure Scenarios and Locations Considered for Phase III....................................3-5 3.2.2 Additional Refinements to Proposed Exposure Scenarios ........................................3-9

3.3 Additional Assumptions About Scenarios............................................................................3-11 3.3.1 Composition of Exposure Scenario Families ..........................................................3-11 3.3.2 Food Products..........................................................................................................3-11 3.3.3 Times Spent Per Activity ........................................................................................3-13

3.4 Overview of Final Exposure Scenarios ................................................................................3-14 3.4.1 Rural Family One ....................................................................................................3-15 3.4.2 Rural Family Two ...................................................................................................3-16 3.4.3 Urban/Suburban Family ..........................................................................................3-17 3.4.4 Migrant Worker Family...........................................................................................3-17 3.4.5 Delivery Person Family...........................................................................................3-18 3.4.6 Outdoors Person Family..........................................................................................3-20 3.4.7 Near River Family ...................................................................................................3-21

3.5 References ............................................................................................................................3-23 4 OVERVIEW OF APPROACH ...........................................................................................................4-1

4.1 Statement of Goals and Constraints .......................................................................................4-1 4.2 Analytical Framework............................................................................................................4-2

4.2.1 Assessment Process...................................................................................................4-2 4.2.2 Modeling Process ......................................................................................................4-5 4.2.3 Analysis Steps ...........................................................................................................4-7

4.3 Assessment of Radionuclide Release, Transport, Exposure, and Consequence.....................4-8 4.3.1 Release of Radionuclides ..........................................................................................4-9 4.3.2 Air, Water, and Food Chain Transport Assessment ..................................................4-9 4.3.3 Exposure Assessment ..............................................................................................4-11 4.3.4 Dose and Risk Assessment......................................................................................4-13

4.4 Computational Framework – Computer Analysis ................................................................4-13 4.4.1 Selection of Environmental Analysis and Risk Assessment Software....................4-13 4.4.2 Linkage of GENII Code with Pre- and Post-Processors .........................................4-14 4.4.3 Probabilistic Calculations........................................................................................4-15

4.5 Quality Assurance and Quality Control Procedures.............................................................4-15 4.6 References ............................................................................................................................4-17

5 RELEASE OF RADIONUCLIDES TO AIR......................................................................................5-1

5.1 Development of Study Source Term ......................................................................................5-1 5.1.1 Approach to Development of Study Source Term ....................................................5-1 5.1.2 Identify Important Radionuclides based on Phase II.................................................5-2

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5.1.3 Change Data Requirements to Better Model Health Effects (Step 2) .......................5-4 5.1.4 Encode Release Data from Cummins Report (Step 3) ..............................................5-6 5.1.5 Complete and Correct Data Set (Step 4) ...................................................................5-6 5.1.6 Merge Data from Fifteen Facilities into One of Four Groups (Step 5) .....................5-7 5.1.7 Adjust Data in Accordance With Modifications Made Phase II (Step 6) ...............5-10 5.1.8 Partition Data to Account for the Mix of Isotope and Chemical Form (Step 7) .....5-10 5.1.9 Compare Final Source Term to Phase II Level 1 (Step 8).......................................5-15

5.2 Phase III Source Term by Groups of Radionuclides ............................................................5-16 5.2.1 Tritium.....................................................................................................................5-16 5.2.2 131I............................................................................................................................5-17 5.2.3 41Ar ..........................................................................................................................5-17 5.2.4 241Americium...........................................................................................................5-17 5.2.5 14C............................................................................................................................5-17 5.2.6 137Cs.........................................................................................................................5-18 5.2.7 129I............................................................................................................................5-18 5.2.8 103, 106Ruthenium......................................................................................................5-19 5.2.9 89Strontium and 90Strontium with Unidentified Beta-Gamma.................................5-19 5.2.10 Uranium and Plutonium with Unidentified Alpha ..................................................5-20

5.3 Annual Release of Tritium, 131Iodine, and 41Argon..............................................................5-21 5.4 References ............................................................................................................................5-23

6 TRANSPORT OF RADIONUCLIDES THROUGH THE AIR TO AN EXPOSURE

LOCATION.........................................................................................................................................6-1 6.1 Description of Atmospheric Processes...................................................................................6-1 6.2 Gaussian Plume Model...........................................................................................................6-3 6.3 Sector Average Modification to Gaussian Plume Model .......................................................6-4 6.4 Use of Joint Frequency Distribution Data ..............................................................................6-4

6.4.1 Definition ..................................................................................................................6-4 6.4.2 Data Available from SRS..........................................................................................6-5

6.5 Source and Exposure Locations .............................................................................................6-5 6.6 Additional Parameters Used for Transport Analysis..............................................................6-7 6.7 References ..............................................................................................................................6-8

7 RELEASE OF RADIONUCLIDES TO WATER AND TRANSPORT TO AN EXPOSURE

LOCATION.........................................................................................................................................7-1 7.1 Overview of the Problem and Solution ..................................................................................7-1

7.1.1 Exposure Locations ...................................................................................................7-1 7.1.2 Sources of Release to SRS Surface Waters...............................................................7-2 7.1.3 Migration of Radionuclides in SRS Surface Waters .................................................7-3 7.1.4 Summary of Approaches to Estimating Concentrations ...........................................7-3

7.2 Identify Important Radionuclides Based on Phase II .............................................................7-5 7.2.1 Phase II Screening Assessment .................................................................................7-6 7.2.2 Modify List of Radionuclides and Properties............................................................7-7

7.3 Modeling Releases and Concentrations for the Savannah River............................................7-8

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7.3.1 A Simple Model (Step S-3) .......................................................................................7-8 7.3.2 Adapt the Phase II Water Transport Model for Savannah River

Concentrations (Step S-4) .......................................................................................7-10 7.3.3 Completion and Correction of the Release Data Base (Step S-5) ...........................7-17 7.3.4 Apply Adjustment Factors and Compute Concentrations for Savannah River

(Step S-6).................................................................................................................7-17 7.3.5 Comparison of Phase II Release Estimates and Phase III Source Terms................7-23

7.4 Modeling Concentrations for Lower Three Runs Creek ......................................................7-26 7.4.1 A Simple Model for Lower Three Runs Creek (Step L-3)......................................7-27 7.4.2 Use Available Measured Concentrations (Step L-4)...............................................7-28 7.4.3 Complete Data Base for Measured Concentrations (Step L-5) ...............................7-29

7.5 References ............................................................................................................................7-32 8 FOOD CHAIN TRANSPORT ............................................................................................................8-1

8.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................8-1 8.2 Soil Concentration..................................................................................................................8-2

8.2.1 Radionuclide Deposition from Air ............................................................................8-2 8.2.2 Radionuclide Concentration in Soil – Direct Exposure ............................................8-3 8.2.3 Radionuclide Concentration in Soil – Agricultural Exposure ...................................8-4 8.2.4 Radionuclide Concentration in Shoreline Sediments – Direct Exposure ..................8-5

8.3 Radionuclide Concentration in Terrestrial Vegetation...........................................................8-5 8.3.1 Plant Concentration from Direct Deposition.............................................................8-5 8.3.2 Plant Concentration from Root Uptake .....................................................................8-7

8.4 Radionuclide Concentration in Terrestrial Animals.............................................................8-10 8.5 Radionuclide Concentration in Aquatic Animals.................................................................8-11 8.6 Effect of Delay and Storage Times on Concentrations ........................................................8-12 8.7 Special Models for Tritium and Carbon-14..........................................................................8-14 8.8 References ............................................................................................................................8-16

9 EXPOSURE ROUTES AND PATHWAYS .......................................................................................9-1

9.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................9-1 9.2 General Exposure Formula.....................................................................................................9-2 9.3 Direct Exposure Pathways......................................................................................................9-5

9.3.1 Immersion in a Plume of Air .....................................................................................9-5 9.3.2 Exposure to Contaminated Soil .................................................................................9-6 9.3.3 Exposure to a Contaminated Shoreline .....................................................................9-9 9.3.4 Immersion in Contaminated Water While Swimming ............................................9-10 9.3.5 Exposure to Contaminated Water While Boating ...................................................9-12

9.4 Ingestion Exposure Route ....................................................................................................9-13 9.4.1 Food-Chain Ingestion Exposures ............................................................................9-14 9.4.2 Inadvertent Soil Ingestion .......................................................................................9-23 9.4.3 Inadvertent Water Consumption while Swimming .................................................9-25

9.5 Inhalation Exposure Route ...................................................................................................9-25 9.5.1 Air Inhalation ..........................................................................................................9-25

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9.5.2 Resuspended Soil ....................................................................................................9-26 9.6 References ............................................................................................................................9-28

10 DOSE AND RISK CALCULATIONS .............................................................................................10-1

10.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................10-1 10.2 Basic Radiation Concepts.....................................................................................................10-1

10.2.1 Types of Radiation ..................................................................................................10-1 10.2.2 Radiation Dose ........................................................................................................10-1 10.2.3 Risk from Radiation Exposure ................................................................................10-5

10.3 Calculation of Dose or Risk .................................................................................................10-5 10.4 References ..........................................................................................................................10-10

11 POINT ESTIMATE RESULTS ........................................................................................................11-1

11.1 Introduction and Overview...................................................................................................11-1 11.1.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................11-1 11.1.2 Overview of Dose Results .......................................................................................11-3

11.2 Detailed Results for Each Scenario ......................................................................................11-5 11.2.1 Rural Family One ....................................................................................................11-5 11.2.2 Rural Family Two .................................................................................................11-13 11.2.3 Urban/Suburban Family ........................................................................................11-21 11.2.4 Migrant Worker Family.........................................................................................11-28 11.2.5 Delivery Person Family.........................................................................................11-36 11.2.6 Outdoors Person Family........................................................................................11-47 11.2.7 Near River Family .................................................................................................11-59

11.3 References ..........................................................................................................................11-71 12 UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS AND RESULTS..............................................................................12-1

12.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................12-1 12.1.1 Overall Description of Uncertainty Analysis ..........................................................12-2

12.2 Development of a Simplified Model ....................................................................................12-3 12.3 Input Variables and Realizations..........................................................................................12-5

12.3.1 Description ..............................................................................................................12-6 12.4 Overall Description of the Simplification Approach............................................................12-6

12.4.1 Reasons for Limiting the Scope ..............................................................................12-6 12.4.2 Variable Selection Process―Overview ..................................................................12-9

12.5 Results of Uncertainty Analysis .........................................................................................12-17 12.5.1 Description of Dose Distributions.........................................................................12-18 12.5.2 Quantified Confidence Bands for Doses ...............................................................12-20 12.5.3 Comparison of Results from Point Estimate and Uncertainty Analyses ...............12-25

12.6 Secondary Results ..............................................................................................................12-28 12.6.1 Scatter Plots...........................................................................................................12-29 12.6.2 Correlation Coefficients ........................................................................................12-30 12.6.3 Stepwise Regression Analysis...............................................................................12-30 12.6.4 Sensitivity Coefficients .........................................................................................12-33

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12.7 Summary ............................................................................................................................12-34 12.8 References ..........................................................................................................................12-35

13 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................................13-1

13.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................13-1 13.2 Conclusions ..........................................................................................................................13-1

13.2.1 Doses and Risks Are Small .....................................................................................13-2 13.2.2 Important Exposure Pathways and Radionuclides ..................................................13-2 13.2.3 Important Exposure Pathways and Radionuclides for Air Releases .......................13-4 13.2.4 Significance of Immersion Dose from 41Ar ...........................................................13-5 13.2.5 Major Dose Fraction for many Receptors from Large Releases in 1955-1961.......13-6 13.2.6 Differences in Children Born in 1955 and 1964 .....................................................13-6 13.2.7 Importance of Lower Three Runs Creek Fish Ingestion Dose ................................13-7 13.2.8 Variations in Air Dispersion Significant but not Dominant ....................................13-8 13.2.9 Variable Uncertainty Generally Raises Dose Estimates Slightly............................13-9 13.2.10 Effectiveness of Scenarios.....................................................................................13-10

13.3 Recommendations ..............................................................................................................13-11 13.3.1 Acute Releases vs. Annual Average Releases......................................................13-11 13.3.2 Evaluate Soil Buildup of Long-Lived Radionuclides ...........................................13-12 13.3.3 Evaluate Significance of Reservoir Contamination ..............................................13-12 13.3.4 Compare Modeled Contamination in Foodstuffs to Monitoring Data ..................13-12 13.3.5 Evaluate Significance of Breast-Feeding Infants ..................................................13-13 13.3.6 Evaluate Significance of In-Utero Doses ..............................................................13-13 13.3.7 Refine Modeling of Deer Meat Ingestion..............................................................13-13 13.3.8 Estimate Doses from Drinking Water from the Savannah River ..........................13-13 13.3.9 Obtain Technical Peer Review ..............................................................................13-13

13.4 References ..........................................................................................................................13-14

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Table of Contents – Appendices A through S

APPENDIX A MERGING AIR RELEASE SOURCES INTO FOUR VIRTUAL SOURCES................. 1 A.1 Description of the Problem........................................................................................................ 1 A.2 Description of the Analyses ...................................................................................................... 4

A.2.1 The Initial Analysis ...................................................................................................... 4 A.2.2 The Second Analysis .................................................................................................... 9

A.3 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................. 20 A.4 References ............................................................................................................................... 21

APPENDIX B RADIONUCLIDE SOURCE TERMS USED FOR PHASE III ANALYSIS................ B-1

APPENDIX C SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION FOR CREATION OF RADIONUCLIDE SOURCE TERMS .................................................................................................................................... C-1

C.1 Summary of Phase II Screening Analysis ............................................................................. C-1 C.1.1 Screening Calculations ............................................................................................. C-2 C.1.2 Screening Results for Step One of the Phase II Screening Analysis........................ C-4 C.1.3 Screening Results for Step Two of the Phase II Screening Analysis ....................... C-7 C.1.4 Phase III Analysis of Phase II Screening Assessment.............................................. C-9

C.2 Phase III Assumptions for Partitioning Mixed Isotopic Activity .......................................... C-9 C.2.1 89,90Sr....................................................................................................................... C-10 C.2.2 95Zr, 95Nb ................................................................................................................ C-11 C.2.3 134,137Cs ................................................................................................................... C-12 C.2.4 Uranium.................................................................................................................. C-13 C.2.5 Plutonium ............................................................................................................... C-16 C.2.6 241,243Am.................................................................................................................. C-16 C.2.7 Unidentified Alpha Emitters/Unidentified Beta-Gamma Emitters ........................ C-17

C.3 Adjustment Factors for Surface Water Transport to Savannah River ................................. C-17 C.3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ C-17 C.3.2 Phase II Modeled Release to Savannah River of 3H, 90Sr, and 137Cs...................... C-21 C.3.3 Development of Savannah River Source Term for Phase III ................................. C-24 C.3.4 Components of Phase III Approach ....................................................................... C-25 C.3.5 Analysis of Adjustment Factor Approach .............................................................. C-32

C.4 Comparison of Phase II and Phase III Source Terms for Air Release................................. C-38 C.5 Comparison of Phase II and Phase III Source Terms for Water Releases........................... C-42

C.5.1 Background ............................................................................................................ C-43 C.5.2 Comparison of Phase III Releases with Phase II Screening Assumptions ............. C-43

C.6 References ........................................................................................................................... C-48 APPENDIX D TRANSPORT, PATHWAY, AND DOSE ASSESSMENT...........................................D-1

D.1 Overview of Transport, Pathway Exposure, and Dose and Risk Assessment .........................D-1 D.1.1 Selection of Transport and Exposure Pathways .......................................................D-2 D.1.2 Dose and Risk Assessment.......................................................................................D-7

1

D.2 Transport through Air............................................................................................................D-10 D.2.1 Fundamentals of Air Dispersion.............................................................................D-10 D.2.2 Gaussian Plume Model...........................................................................................D-14 D.2.3 Application of Air Transport Models to SRS.........................................................D-22

D.3 Transfer and Exposure Pathways ..........................................................................................D-26 D.3.1 Inhalation of Contaminated Air..............................................................................D-27 D.3.2 Immersion in Plume of Contaminated Air .............................................................D-29 D.3.3 Ground Contamination Pathways...........................................................................D-29 D.3.4 Food-Chain Transport and Exposure .....................................................................D-35 D.3.5 Sedimentation Pathways.........................................................................................D-47 D.3.6 Recreational Exposures from Surface Water Pathways .........................................D-48

D.4 Dose and Risk Principles.......................................................................................................D-50 D.4.1 Types of Radiation .................................................................................................D-51 D.4.2 Radiation Dose .......................................................................................................D-51 D.4.3 Risk from Radiation Exposure ...............................................................................D-53 D.4.4 Dose and Risk Coefficients ....................................................................................D-55 D.4.5 Calculation of Dose and Risk.................................................................................D-58

D.5 References .............................................................................................................................D-66

APPENDIX E RECEPTOR ACTIVITIES AND USAGE RATES........................................................ E-1 E.1 Scenarios Proposed by CDC and Considered by the SRSHES ............................................. E-1

E.1.1 Exposure Scenarios and Locations........................................................................... E-5 E.1.2 Additional Refinements to Proposed Exposure Scenarios ..................................... E-13

E.2 Additional Assumptions About Scenarios........................................................................... E-14 E.2.1 Composition of Exposure Scenario Families ......................................................... E-14 E.2.2 Overview of Food Product Consumption............................................................... E-15 E.2.3 Scenario Exposure Time Assumptions................................................................... E-16

E.3 Overview of Final Exposure Scenarios ............................................................................... E-19 E.3.1 Rural Family One ................................................................................................... E-19 E.3.2 Rural Family Two .................................................................................................. E-20 E.3.3 Urban/Suburban Family ......................................................................................... E-21 E.3.4 Migrant Worker Family.......................................................................................... E-22 E.3.5 Delivery Person Family.......................................................................................... E-23 E.3.6 Outdoors Person Family......................................................................................... E-25 E.3.7 Near River Family .................................................................................................. E-26

E.4 Linkage of GENII Variables to Exposure and Adjustment Factors .................................... E-27 E.4.1 Creation of Exposure Factors ................................................................................. E-28 E.4.2 Creation of Adjustment Factors ............................................................................. E-30

E.5 Exposure and Adjustment Factors for Each Exposure Pathway ......................................... E-31 E.5.1 External Radiation Exposure Route ....................................................................... E-31 E.5.2 Ingestion Exposure Route ...................................................................................... E-43 E.5.3 Inhalation Exposure Route ..................................................................................... E-61

E.6 References ........................................................................................................................... E-66

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APPENDIX F SITE SPECIFIC PARAMETER VALUES USED FOR BASE CASE...........................F-1 F.1 Food Chain Transfer Factors ..................................................................................................F-1

F.1.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................F-1 F.1.2 Limitations and Uncertainties in Selecting Transfer Factor Values..........................F-3 F.1.3 Transfer Factor Values Used in Report ...................................................................F-10

F.2 Food Chain Variables ...........................................................................................................F-17 F.3 Additional Parameter Values................................................................................................F-38 F.4 References ............................................................................................................................F-57

APPENDIX G SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION....................................................................................G-1

G.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................G-1 G.2 System Architecture ..............................................................................................................G-1 G.3 The Pre-Processor..................................................................................................................G-2

G.3.1 The Pre-Processor User Interface.............................................................................G-3 G.3.2 Standardized GID Files (Template Files).................................................................G-6 G.3.3 Generating GID Files -- Processing Overview.........................................................G-7 G.3.4 Generating Other Output Files ...............................................................................G-11

G.4 The Post-Processor ..............................................................................................................G-13 G.4.1 The Post-Processor User Interface .........................................................................G-16 G.4.2 The Post-Processor Input File Requirements .........................................................G-22 G.4.3 Detailed Processing Required to Generate the Final Post-processor Report..........G-29

G.5 Testing.................................................................................................................................G-33 G.5.1 Pre-Processor..........................................................................................................G-33 G.5.2 Post-Processor ........................................................................................................G-34

G.6 References ...........................................................................................................................G-35 APPENDIX H SELECTION OF GENII, VERSION II, FOR ASSESSMENT OF DOSES AND RISKS FOR THE SRS DOSE RECONSTRUCTION PROJECT ...........................................................H-1

H.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................H-1 H.2 Identification of Computational Requirements .....................................................................H-1

H.2.1 Mandatory Requirements .........................................................................................H-2 H.2.2 Highly Desirable Requirements ...............................................................................H-3 H.2.3 Discretionary Requirements. ....................................................................................H-5

H.3 Assessment of Candidate Codes............................................................................................H-5 H.4 Selection of GENII, Version 2 ..............................................................................................H-6 H.5 References for Appendix H...................................................................................................H-7

APPENDIX I TABLES OF DOSES AND RISKS BY YEAR FOR EACH SCENARIO......................I-1 APPENDIX J TABLES OF DOSES AND RISKS BY EXPOSURE ROUTE ...................................... J-1 APPENDIX K TABLES OF DOSES AND RISKS BY PATHWAY AND RADIONUCLIDE ...........K-1 APPENDIX L VARIANCE CALCULATION SIMPLIFICATION...................................................... L-1

3

L.1 Calculation Simplification..................................................................................................... L-1 L.2 Summary of Implementation Approach ................................................................................ L-7 L.3 Tables .................................................................................................................................... L-8

APPENDIX M PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS FOR UNCERTAIN VARIABLES...................... M-1

M.1 Probability Distribution and its Parameters for the Release Factor F (Variable 21) ............ M-1 M.1.1 F, Release Factor (Variable 21)............................................................................... M-1

M.2 Probability Distributions and Their Parameters for Uncertain Variables............................. M-3 M.2.1 CLBFF, 137Cs; CLBFF, 90Sr; and CLBFF, 32P (Variables 1, 2, and 3) .................. M-3 M.2.2 CLFMK, 131I; CLFMT, 131I (Variables 4 and 5)...................................................... M-3 M.2.3 ABSHUM (Variable 6) ........................................................................................... M-4 M.2.4 BIOMA2, 5&6 (Variable 7) .................................................................................... M-4 M.2.5 BIOMA2, 3 (Variable 8) ......................................................................................... M-4 M.2.6 BIOMAS, 1 (Variable 9) ......................................................................................... M-4 M.2.7 WTIM, (Variable 10) .............................................................................................. M-4 M.2.8 CONSUM 5 (Variable 11) ...................................................................................... M-5 M.2.9 CONSUM, 3 (Variable 12) ..................................................................................... M-5 M.2.10 DRYFAC, 1 (Variable 13) ...................................................................................... M-5 M.2.11 GRWP, 1 (Variable 14) ........................................................................................... M-5 M.2.12 GRWPA, 5&6 (Variable 15) ................................................................................... M-5 M.2.13 GRWPA, 3 (Variable 16) ........................................................................................ M-5 M.2.14 DEPFR1,2 (Variable 17) ......................................................................................... M-6 M.2.15 LEAFRS, RESFAC;1 (Variable 18) ....................................................................... M-6 M.2.16 DPVRES (Variable 19) ........................................................................................... M-6 M.2.17 Radius (Variable 20) ............................................................................................... M-6

M.3 References ............................................................................................................................ M-7 APPENDIX N INPUT DATA FOR LJS AND GEN II COMPUTER CODES .....................................N-1 APPENDIX O TOTAL 39-YEAR DOSE FOR EACH RECEPTOR.....................................................O-1 APPENDIX P QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL ........................................................P-1

P.1 Quality Control (QC) Activities .............................................................................................P-1 P.1.1 Source Term Development........................................................................................P-1 P.1.2 Transfer, Exposure, Usage, and Transportation Variable Quality Reviews..............P-3 P.1.3 Software Development ..............................................................................................P-3 P.1.4 GENII V2 Output ......................................................................................................P-4 P.1.5 Document Scanning ..................................................................................................P-4

APPENDIX Q INHALATION AND EXTERNAL EXPOSURE DATA TABLES ..............................Q-1

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APPENDIX R BASIS FOR DETERMINING ISOTOPIC FRACTIONS FROM SRS ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTS FOR PERFORMING RADIOLOGICAL DOSE ASSESSMENTS....................................................................................................................................... R-1

R.1 Constituents ........................................................................................................................... R-1 R.2 Isotopic Fraction Evaluation ................................................................................................. R-2

R.2.1 89, 90Strontium (89, 90Sr) .............................................................................................. R-2 R.2.2 Zirconium-95, Niobium-95 (95Zr, 95Nb)................................................................... R-3 R.2.3 134, 137Cesium (134, 137Cs) ............................................................................................ R-5 R.2.4 Uranium (“U-Nat”, or “235, 238U”) ............................................................................. R-5 R.2.5 Plutonium ................................................................................................................. R-7 R.2.6 Unidentified α/Unidentified β + γ ............................................................................ R-8

R.3 References ............................................................................................................................. R-9 APPENDIX S ESTIMATION OF RIVER FLOW RATE FOR LOWER THREE RUNS CREEK AT MARTIN, SOUTH CAROLINA ..........................................................................................S-1

S.1 Background ............................................................................................................................S-1 S.2 Analysis ..................................................................................................................................S-1 S.3 References ..............................................................................................................................S-5

APPENDIX U METEROLOGICAL DATA ..........................................................................................U-1

U.1 References .............................................................................................................................U-6

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Table of Contents – Appendix T APPENDIX T DECISION DOCUMENTS............................................................................................ T-1

Attachment A - Adjustment of Dose Conversion Factors and Risk Factors ...................................... T-2

Attachment B - An Approach to Source Terms for the Surface Water Pathway ............................... T-4

Attachment C - Base Case Values for Exposure Activity and Usage Factors for the CDC SRS Dose Reconstruction Project...................................................................................................... T-13

Attachment D - Comparison of Phase II and Phase III Source Terms for Water Releases.............. T-97

Attachment E - Basis for Determining Isotopic Fractions from SRS Environmental Reports for Performing Radiological Dose Assessments...................................................................... T-102

Attachment F - Soil-to-Water Distribution Coefficients for Radionuclides Considered in the Dose Reconstruction of Savannah River Site .......................................................................... T-111

Attachment G - Documentation for GENII Model Parameters Used in SRS Base Case Calculation ............................................................................................................................... T-117

Attachment H - Base Case Values for Receptor Activity and Usage Factors for the CDC SRS Dose Reconstruction Project.................................................................................................... T-137

Attachment I - Proposed Values of Transfer, Bioconcentration, and Bioaccumulation Factors Used for Modeling Dose Reconstruction for Historical Releases from the U.S. Department of Energy Savannah River Site ............................................................................ T-171

Attachment J - Treatment of Radionuclide Concentrations in Wild Game in Dose Reconstruction Modeling......................................................................................................... T-187

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