Satellite System Futures - Universitas...
Transcript of Satellite System Futures - Universitas...
MUHAMAD ASVIALCenter for Information and Communication Engineering Research (CICER)
Electrical Engineering Department, University of IndonesiaKampus UI Depok, 16424, Indonesia
[email protected]://www.ee.ui.ac.id/cicer
Satellite System Futures
Lecture 11
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Timeline - development of commercial satcom (1/2)
1945 Arthur C Clarke
1956 First transatlantic telephone cable
1962 Telstar
1964 Intelsat founded
1965 Earlybird
1969 Intelsat completes global system
1976 Marisats launched
1977 Eutelsat created
1979 Inmarsat created
1982 Inmarsat starts operations
1983 Eutelsat F1 launched
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Timeline – development of commercial satcom (2/2)
1984 PanAmSat founded
1985 SES Astra incorporated
1987 Iridium conceived
1988 First transatlantic fibre cable
1988 First PanAmSat launch
1989 First SES Astra launch
1995 PanAmSat completes global system
1998 Iridium service launch
1999 Iridium in Chapter 11
2001 Intelsat & Eutelsat privatisations
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Where we are now (1)
Satcom applications:• Vsat + business TV
• Broadcast + content
delivery
• TV distribution &
contribution
• Internet trunking
• Internet access
• Basic telephony + private
circuits
• Mobile + transportable +
offshore
• Thin route + rural remote
• Disaster, emergency
• Government
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Where we are now
Disadvantages of satellite:
• Low capacity (compared to fibre)
• End-to-end delay (with Geo technology)
• Large, up-front investment; long time to
pay back
• Implementation risks
• Exit costs
• Regulatory constraints/finite raw materials (orbital slots; spectrum; licensing/market access)
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Where we are now
Advantages of satellite:
• Wide area coverage
• Global reach
• Low cost per site passed
• Fast set-up & reconfiguration
• Availability where terrestrial alternatives are poor, non-existent or not an option
• Ability to broadcast/multicast
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Satellite is essential infrastructure
• Broadcasting to businesses and homes (DTH)
• Broadcasting to cable head-ends – Cable TV distribution dependent upon satellite
• ISP connectivity; caching; multicasting– Distribution of internet content
• Private Networks– VSAT networks key corporate private network
• SNG– Broadcast stations and news bureaus rely on satellit
e links.
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Changing Scenes
• 1995 – Bright prospects for terrestrial mobile and satellites
• 2000 – Terrestrial mobile booming satellites collapse with Iridium/Globalstar failures
• 2002 – Satellite broadcasting and Internet
booming terrestrial 3G in Doldrums
“Our ability to predict the telecoms market and to provide affordable services is poor”
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What’s new
• Internet drives FSS
• DVB – Direct TV success
• Satellite radio (DAB/DARS) prospects
• Mobile SPCN’s crash –end of constellations?
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FSS - Focus on the Internet
• Satellite delivery of IP-based services increased 800% over past two years
• 11% of all ISPs use some satellite links to
connect to the Internet backbone
• By 2001 total ISP demand for satellite links will equal 216 transponders
• Internet specific satellite transponder lease revenue will jump from $601M in 2001 to $8.5B in 2006
• End-user and ISP satellite multicast equipment
to reach over $7B in 2005. DDT Consulting; Frost & Sullivan; Pioneer Consulting
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Broadband
• Ka and constellations lost momentum
• Back to GEO’s and DVB-S
• IP to the customer DVB-RCS
• e-Europe / Broadband Britain – Satellite role
• 4500 (36MHz equivalent transponders) 7000 by 2007
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Satellite Direct To Home (DTH)
• 67M subscribers globally - urban, suburban
and rural
• 25M satellite households in Western Europe alone– In Spain, Italy, UK and France more satellite households than c
able households.
• DTH taking market share from cable in US
• Cable increasingly expensive to lay (rights of way) - cable companies looking at satellite
options to reach customers
• DTH presages 2-way internet/broadband
demand– 52% of Astra users own PCs and 27% have online access.
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80% of European digital TV delivered by satellite
"Another important area is digital television. The market for digital TV doubles or even triples a year in several EU countries. Europe has closed the gap with the USA with over 10 million subscribers. New services are rolled out, ranging from Internet access to digital TV-based e-commerce."
From a speech by Mr. Erkki Liikanen, "eEurope and e-Business" Europay International, Key Members' Conference Amsterdam, 1 July 2000
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Satellite Broadcasting
• DBS in USA (>15m subscribers), 43% of digital services DirecTV and EchoStar
• SNG market growing
– 97mods to DVB-S allow 90cm-1.5m SCPC
– 8Mb/s with 8PSK/TCM/16QAM option
• DVB-RCS now becoming standard for IP delivery
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Digital Radio (DAB-DARS)
• US– Xm Radio (GEO) – up --services operation
– SIRIUS Radio (HEO) --services operation
– Infrastructure in place – Deals with leading car/truck companies
– Radio’s in shops (US) and in cars/trucks
• Worldwide– Worldspace – 3 world coverage satellites
– Infrastructure/Radios – in place
• Europe– Global Radio / Worldspace
• S-DAB– Convergence broadcasting/mobile – Multimedia and multicas
ting
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Sirius satellite radio system
TDM OFDM
TDMGround
Repeaters
SIRIUSSatellite
VSATSatellite
NationalBroadcast
Studio
RemoteUplink Site
MobileReceiver
TDM OFDM TDM
12.5 MHz
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Satellite: competitive local access
• Satellite DTH has successfully competed with cable in urban, suburban and rural areas for decades
• Satellite is a competitive means of local access– Only wireless technologies bypass the
incumbent’s pipes and offer consumers a real “last mile” choice
• No other “last mile” technology - DSL, WLL, etc. - has a proven track such as satellite.
• Satellite will be a critical access means for bandwidth hungry, converged services.
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Mobile Satellite Systems
• S-PCS (Iridium/Globalstar) failed –lead on competition with terrestrial will not succeed
• Inmarsat niche market area
successful but small 200k users, and expensive
• Constellations not popular
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GEO-Mobiles
• ACES/THURAYA etc.
• 200 spots from 14m deployables
• On board dsp – channel to beam
routing
• GSM/GPRS services –GMR standards
• Can they provide services economically?
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Convergence:Mobile / Broadcasting (positioning)
• Broadcast / Multicasting with
caching
• Push and store services
• Vehicle’s and handhelds
• S + T (UMTS) or DVB/DABS with UMTS
• Location based services tied with Galileo
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DMB terminal
Bluetoothinterface
DMB Satellite
Vehicular DMB receiver
Contributionnetwork
Broadcast center
Gateway
Cacheserver
smart antenna
User Handset
Cache
LocalInteractivity
RemoteInteractivity
BroadcastingBroadcasting
MulticastingMulticasting
DMB Broadcast/Multicast mission
• Content Delivery
Network Model– Push mechanism
– Multicast mechanism
– Store mechanism
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DMB Architecture Synoptic
TerrestrialRepeaters
GroundStation
URBAN AREASUB - URBAN
AREARURAL AREA
W-CDMA
2G/3G Cellularnetwork
Contribution network
IP WORLD
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– Where are terrestrial networks weak points?
• Infrastructure cost
• Deployment of UMTS islands in a GPRS world
• Traffic costs
• Limited bandwidth per cell
• Environmental (tower, pylon, radiation)
• Designed for symmetric traffic
– Where will UMTS network never go?• Broadband broadcast/multicast services
Opportunity for Satellite
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Future Opportunities
• Convergence of Satellite delivered
broadcast/multicast with terrestrial
delivery of other services
• Broadband internet access and
interactivity
• DVB-RCS –standardisation
• Mass markets rather than niche
• Cooperating service provision plus
completing terminal networks
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Key Constraints
• Spectrum availability at right time
• Poor perspective of satellites by
terrestrial operations
– Will they embrace as part of global network
• Unavailability of finance
• Regulatory issues and standard bodies
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Future satellites:Product Developments
• Reliable low cost launch capability
• Large GEO platforms (3-4 tons) – 15Kw– Long life, high power/strange/dissipation
– Autonomy: low cost, rapid production
• Small LEO platforms– Medium life, pointing agility/stability
– Autonomy: low cost, rapid production
• Large deployable reflectors– 12-14m (Tx/Rx) – 100 spots
• Active antennas– BFNs
– Phased arrays
• OBP– Beam forming – channelising
– Regeneration – switching
• Miniature, active/passive, microwave equipment (L/S, Ku, KA)
• ISLs (optical)
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Conclusions
• Markets– Very large –up to 4140B by 2010– Asia/Pacific Rim –biggest– Digital Broadcast –Internet driven (DVB/DAB)– Convergence of mobile/broadcast systems – using local cache’s (push to start
) band in vehicle services– Broadband
• Satellites provide early starts– 3G UMTS?– Multimedia to home– Broadband
• Mobility– INMARSAT niche – Maritime/Aero– Mass markets opened up by broadcast/mobile convergence
• Civil/Military– Synergies
• Shift to service delivery/content– Emphasis away from equipment manufacture– Software service
• Competition– Cable / radio / HAPS
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Satellite & the competition
• Technical limitations of terrestrial networks
will severely restrict broadband availability. – Digital subscriber line (DSL) signals decay on long telephone
lines or on those of poor quality.
– Local multipoint distribution service (LMDS) signals cannot
penetrate obstructions, buildings.
– Cable performance deteriorates if too many in a neighborhood
log on at the same time.
– Fiber-to-the-home is a costly retrofit, economically viable only for new housing construction.
• For up to one third of the population in the U.S. and an
even greater portion worldwide, satellite technology will not simply be a choice, it will be the choice.