Satellite Communication

I. GeneralIntroductionHistorical BackgroundWorking ArchitectureApplicationsImpacts In Modern WorldPresent SituationsFuture Of Satellites

CONTENTSII. Nepal

Historical BackgroundPresent SituationsFuture Possibilities

SATELLITE COMMUNICATION ?Satellite communication, in telecommunications, the use of artificial satellites to provide communication links between various points on Earth.

Approximately 2,000 artificial satellites orbiting Earth.

So,

Satellite Communication is,

➔ use of artificial satellites➔ bridge for digital and analog signals exchange➔ foundation for modern communication technology

1945 (May) Arthur C. Clarke about “Extra Terrestrial Relays“.1957 (4 Oct.) Launching of the Sputnik-11960 (Aug.) Launching of the ECHO-1

SATELLITE HISTORY

1963 (July) SYNCOM-2 1965 (April) EARLY BIRD (INTELSAT-1) 1965 MOLNYA-11972 (Nov.) ANIK-11974 (Dec.) SYMPHONIE-11976 (Feb.) MARISAT satellite (USA), first maritime communications satellite.1976 (July.) PALAPA-1 satellite. First national system (40 earth stations) operating with a dedicated satellite in a developing country (Indonesia).

SATELLITE HISTORY

1977 (Aug.) SIRIO satellite (Italy). First experimental communication satellite using frequencies above 15 GHz (17/11 GHz).1982 First mobile satellite telephone system INMARSAT-A.1984 (April) STW-1, the first communication satellite of China, providing TV, telephone and data transmission services.1988 First satellite system for mobile phones and data communication INMARSAT-C.1999 L-band MSS Super-GSO2000(Nov.) AO-40 First satellite to use GPS for navigation and attitude determination in High Earth Orbit(HEO).

SATELLITE HISTORY

2001 XM 2002 Sirius2005 VUSat OSCAR-522006 CubeSat-OSCAR 56 2007 Prism 2008 COMPASS-12014(Oct.) ARSAT-1 First domestic communications satellite system using geosynchronous orbit by Argentina.

SATELLITE HISTORY

APPLICATIONS OF SATELLITE

TELEPHONES

1. one of the first applications2. launches faster than using cables 3. makes communication faster4. offers world-wide connectivity

APPLICATIONS OF SATELLITE

TELEVISIONS

1. requires a 30-40 cm sized dish2. provides global support3. used for live events broadcast

APPLICATIONS OF SATELLITE

RADIOS

1. highest quality audios2. usually subscription based3. portable

APPLICATIONS OF SATELLITE

INTERNET

1. uses satellite dish for communication2. best for rural areas,boats etc3. not affected by lag time, or latency4. data speeds up to 50 Mbps

APPLICATIONS OF SATELLITE

SECURITY

1. helps to locate things easily2. helps to track things3. surveillance from satellites4. weather forecasting

APPLICATIONS OF SATELLITE

GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM

1. used by civilians for navigation2. used in military for navigation3. supported by handheld devices4. helps to locate things easily

APPLICATIONS OF SATELLITE

WEATHER FORECASTING

1. predicts upcoming conditions2. informs about meteors and asteroids3. shows effect of pollutions4. detect changes in Earth’s vegetation,

sea level

APPLICATIONS OF SATELLITE

APPLICATIONS OF SATELLITE

WORKING ARCHITECTURE

STRUCTURE AND LAUNCH

launched on rockets

speed balanced by the pull of Earth's gravity.

leave Earth at speed greater than escape velocity of Earth i.e about 23,500 mph

WORKING ARCHITECTURE

UPLINK

● from earth station to satellite● requires large dishes and antennas● receives information from transmitters

WORKING ARCHITECTURE

DOWNLINK

● from satellite to earth station● requires small dishes● sends beam to receivers● received signals are finally processed

WORKING ARCHITECTURE

ADVANTAGES

★ High bandwidth★ Coverage over a large geographical area★ Can be cheaper over long distances★ Superior Performance★ Immediacy and Scalability★ Versatility

DISADVANTAGES

★ Huge initial cost★ Noise and interference★ Propagation delay★ Congestion of frequencies and orbit★ Space Pollution (Space debris)★ Ocean Pollution

“The Pacific is the best toilet for satellites.”- Neil deGrasse Tyson

PRESENT CONDITIONS

FUTURE TRENDS● Support for manned space activity● Data transmission from observation satellites● Data transmission from deep space probes● Communication within satellite clusters● Broadband Internet service to aircraft and space planes● Voice Communication Switching System (VCSS) ● Meteorological Systems ● Aeronautical Information Systems (AIS)● Time Synchronisation ● Recording Systems –ATIS / D-ATIS ● 3D tower simulators

NEPAL HISTORY

❏ Telecommunication Department was established in B.S. 2016.

❏ it was converted into Telecommunications Development Board in B.S. 2026.

❏ it was fully owned Government Corporation called NTC in B.S. 2032

❏ it was transformed into a Nepal Doorsanchar Company Limited (NDCL) from Baisakh 1, 2061

IN FUTURE

● launch our own satellite● be better communication systems● not face network problems like present● get faster network● create a history

WE MIGHT

Presented By :

Atit Timilsina Bibek Regmi Bishow Raj LamichhaneHari Krishna Bhandari Hari Lamichhane Surya Man Shrestha