Satellite 1010 Print Crysta nlGraphics.com PowerPoint Templates
Transcript of Satellite 1010 Print Crysta nlGraphics.com PowerPoint Templates
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SCIENCE FORM 5
CHAPTER 8: ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATIONAND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT)
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8.1 RADIO WAVES
Wavesthat cause particles in a medium to
vibrate perpendicularly to the direction
in which the waves travel are calledtransverse waves.
Examples of transverse waves:
(i) Water waves
(ii) Electromagnetic waves
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8.1 RADIO WAVES
Transverse wave
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8.1 RADIO WAVES
Characteristicsof waves
Amplitude, A- Maximum
displacement of awave from its restingposition
- SI unit is metres (m)
Wavelength,
- Distance between twosuccessive crests or
troughs
- SI unit is metres (m)
Frequency, f
-Number of crestsor troughs that
passes through apoint per second
- SI unit is hertz(Hz)
Wave velocity,v
- Distance travelledby the wave in one
second
- SI unit is metresper second (m/s)
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8.1 RADIO WAVES
Characteristics of a transverse wave
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8.1 RADIO WAVES
All electromagnetic wavescan travel in
a vacuum.
The electromagnetic spectrumis therange of all electromagnetic waves.
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8.1 RADIO WAVES
Electromagnetic spectrum
Radio Music In Victoria University X Games
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8.1 RADIO WAVES
Characteristicsof
electromagneticwaves
All are transversewaves
Can travel in vacuum
Moves very fast
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8.1 RADIO WAVES
Radio communication
As the Earths surface is curved, radio
waves cannotbe transmitteddirectlyover long distances without being
blockedby the Earths surface.
For long distance communication usingmedium or long waves, relay stations
are used to extendthe rangeof
transmission.
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8.1 RADIO WAVES
For long distance communication using
short waves, short waves are first sent up
to the ionospherewhere they arereflected back to a receiveron Earths
surface.
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8.1 RADIO WAVES
Relay stations are used to extend the range of transmission of medium or long waves
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CHAPTER 8.1 RADIO WAVES
Short waves are reflected by the ionosphere back to the Earth
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8.1 RADIO WAVES
Television broadcasting
Most television broadcasting uses
VHFs or UHFs.The television stations inMalaysia uses
UHFsto broadcast their programmes.
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8.1 RADIO WAVES
Satellite communications
Satellite communications involve the
transmissions of information in the form ofmicrowavesbetween the satellitesand
the Earth.
Most satellites receive signalsfromEarth, strengthenthe signalsand then
send the signals backto Earth.
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8.1 RADIO WAVES
Satellite communication
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8.2 RADIO COMMUNICATION
Electronic
component
Symbol Function
Aerial To receive all radio waves with
different frequencies within its
range
Inductor Works with a variable capacitor to
form a tuning circuit
Variable capacitor Works with an inductor to form a
tuning circuit
Diode Separate the a.f. signals from the
the amplified modulated r.f. signals
through modulation
Capacitor To store electric charges
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8.2 RADIO COMMUNICATION
Electronic
component
Symbol Function
Transistor To amplify the a.f. signals before
sending them to the loudspeakers
or earphonesResistor Works with a transistor to amplify
the a.f. signals
Transformer To change the voltage of an
alternating current
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8.2 RADIO COMMUNICATION
The radio transmission system
Sound waves cannot travel very far
through the air. So a radio transmissionsystem is needed.
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8.2 RADIO COMMUNICATION
Sound waves areconverted into electricalsignals known as audiofrequency signals (a.f.
signals) by a
microphone
The a.f. signals are sentto an amplifier where
their amplitude isincreased
The amplified a.f. signalsare sent to the modulator.
At the same time anoscillator generates radio
waves known as radiofrequency (r.f.) carrier
waves which is also sent tothe modulator
In the modulator, the a.f.signals combined withthe r.f. carrier waves
through amplitudemodulation (AM) or
frequency modulation(FM) to produce
amplitude modulated r.f.signalsor frequency
modulated r.f. signals
Modulated r.f. signalsare finally sent to atransmitting aerialwhich converts the
modulated r.f. signalsinto radio waves
The radio waves aretransmitted at a
particular frequencyfrom the transmitting
aerial to its surrounding
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8.2 RADIO COMMUNICATION
Modulator
r.f. oscillator
Electrical
power supply
A radio transmitter
Sound waves
Microphone
Amplifier
Amplified a.f.
signals
Amplitude
modulated r.f.
signals (r.f.
signal carrying
a.f. signal)
Radio waves
transmitted at
one frequency
r.f. signals
a.f. signal
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8.2 RADIO COMMUNICATION
The radio receiver system
In the radio receiver system, a receiving
aerial receives the weak radio waves withmany frequencies transmitted from
different radio stations.
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8.2 RADIO COMMUNICATION
All weak radio wavesare received by the
receiving aerial
The radio waves areconverted back into
modulated r.f.signals with different
frequencies which arethen sent to thetuner
At the tuner, thefrequencyof the radioreceiver is adjustedtomatch thefrequency of
the radio station
When the frequency ofthe radio receiver
matches the frequencyof the required radio
station, the modulatedr.f. signalsbecome
stronger by having alarger amplitude
The strongermodulated r.f.
signals are thenpassed through an
amplifierwhere theiramplitudeisincreased
The amplifiedmodulated r.f. signalsare sent to a detectorwhich separates thea.f. signals from the
modulated r.f. signals(demodulation). The
a.f. signals areamplified
The amplified a.f.signals are sent to aloudspeaker which
converts them back tosound waves. The
sound waves are thentransmitted at differentfrequencies from the
loudspeaker to itssurrounding
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8.2 RADIO COMMUNICATION
Tuner
Electrical
power supply
A radio receiver
Radio waves
of different
frequencies
Amplifier
Receiving
aerial
Weak r.f. signals
of different
frequencies
Amplified r.f.
signals
Detector
Selected r.f.
signal (one
particular
station)
a.f. signal
separated from
the r.f. signal
Amplifier
Amplified a.f.
signal
Loudspeaker
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8.3 SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
Microwave signals used for satellite
communication system have very high
frequencies.
At a ground station on Earth,microwave signals of certainfrequency are sent up to acommunication satellite
The communication satelliteamplifiesthe microwavesignals and convert it to
another frequency
The amplified microwave
signals are sent to satellitedishes or other groundstations
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8.3 SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
Advantagesof using
satellites totransmit
information
A wide coveragefor the
transmission ofsignals
Clear signalstransmitted
without beingcorrupted
Signalstransmitted at the
speed of light
Low cost ofsending
information overlong distances
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8.3 SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
Other uses ofsatellites
Navigation
Exploration Surveillance
Weather
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8.4 THE IMPORTANCE OF USING ICT FOR THE
BENEFIT OF MANKIND
The useof ICThas greatly benefited us
in many different ways. ICT allows us to
communicate over long distances bysending information in various forms such
as text, pictures, sounds and videos in
great volumes and at high speeds.
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CHAPTER 8: ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT)
QUIZ
1. The diagram shows a wave form.
What is the wave length of the wave?
A. 2 m B. 4 m
10 m
20 m
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CHAPTER 8: ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT)
QUIZ
2. Which propagation wave has the highest
frequency?
A.
B.
C.
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CHAPTER 8: ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT)
QUIZ
3. A wave with a frequency of 50 Hz moves
at a velocity of 300 ms-1. What is the
wavelength of the wave?A. 6 m B. 250 m
C. 350 m D. 1500 m
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CHAPTER 8: ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT)
QUIZ
3. A wave with a frequency of 50 Hz moves
at a velocity of 300 ms-1. What is the
wavelength of the wave?A. 6 m B. 250 m
C. 350 m D. 1500 m
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CHAPTER 8: ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT)
QUIZ
4. Which of the electronic components A, B,
C or D is able to store charges?
A.
B.
C.
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CHAPTER 8: ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT)
QUIZ
5. Which of the following electric
components allows current to flow in one
direction only?A.
B.
C.
D.
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CHAPTER 8: ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT)
QUIZ
6. A radio could not receive a broadcast
clearly. Which part of the radio receiver
should be modified?A. Diode B. Aerial
C. Speaker D. Transistor
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CHAPTER 8: ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT)
QUIZ
7. What is the symbol of a resistor?
A.
B.
C.
D.
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CHAPTER 8: ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT)
QUIZ
8. What is the function of the microphone in
a radio transmitter?
A. Receives radio wavesB. Generates radio waves
C. Converts sound waves to electrical
signals
D. Combines carrier waves and sound
signals
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CHAPTER 8: ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT)
QUIZ
9. Which of the following is true about
communication satellites?
A. Located outside the Earths orbitB. Obtains energy from the Earths
satellite station
C. Three satellites are needed forworldwide communication
D. Makes one complete orbit around the
Earth in one month
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CHAPTER 8: ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT)
QUIZ
10. What is the use of communication
satellites?
A. ArchaeologyB. Weather forecast
C. Radio broadcasting
D. Wireless microphone
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