Algorithms and DeMorgan’s Laws Intro to Computer Science CS1510, Section 2 Dr. Sarah Diesburg.
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1.Microsoft Excel is a commercial spreadsheet application written and distributed byMicrosoft for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X. It features calculation, graphing tools, pivottables, and a macro programming language called Visual Basic for Applications. It has been avery widely applied spreadsheet for these platforms, especially since version 5 in 1993, and it hasalmost completely replaced Lotus 1-2-3 as the industry standard for spreadsheets. Excel formspart of Microsoft Office. The current versions are 2010 for Microsoft Windows and 2011 for MacOS X.
2.The Excel Window
Many items you see on the Excel 2003 screen are standard in most other Microsoft
software programs like Word, PowerPoint and previous versions of Excel. Some
elements are specific to this version of Excel.
Workbook
Also called a spreadsheet, the Workbook is a unique file created by Excel.
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Title bar
The Title bar displays both the name of the application and the name of the
spreadsheet.
Menu bar
The Menu bar displays all the menus available for use in Excel 2003. The contents of
any menu can be displayed by clicking on the menu name with the left mouse button.
Toolbar
Some commands in the menus have pictures or icons associated with them. These
pictures may also appear as shortcuts in the Toolbar.
Column Headings
Each Excel spreadsheet contains 256 columns. Each column is named by a letter or combination of letters.
Row Headings
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Each spreadsheet contains 65,536 rows. Each row is named by a number.
Name Box
Shows the address of the current selection or active cell.
Formula Bar
Displays information entered-or being entered as you type-in the current or active cell.
The contents of a cell can also be edited in the Formula bar.
Cell
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A cell is an intersection of a column and row. Each cell has a unique cell address. In
the picture above, the cell address of the selected cell is B3. The heavy border around
the selected cell is called the cell pointer.
Navigation Buttons and Sheet Tabs
Navigation buttons allow you to move to another worksheet in an Excel workbook.
Used to display the first, previous, next or last worksheets in the workbook.
Sheet tabs separate a workbook into specific worksheets. A Workbook defaults to three
worksheets. A Workbook must contain at least one worksheet.
Workbooks and Worksheets
A Workbook automatically shows in the workspace when you open Microsoft Excel
2003. Each workbook contains three worksheets. A worksheet is a grid of cells,
consisting of 65,536 rows by 256 columns. Spreadsheet information--text, numbers or
mathematical formulas--is entered in the different cells.
Column headings are referenced by alphabetic characters in the gray boxes that run
across the Excel screen, beginning with the Column A and ending with Column IV.
Rows are referenced by numbers that appear on the left and then run down the Excel
screen. The first row is named Row 1 and the last row is named 65536.
Important Terms
• A workbook is made up of three worksheets.
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• The worksheets are labeled Sheet1, Sheet2, and Sheet3.
• Each Excel worksheet is made up of columns and rows.
• In order to access a worksheet, click on the tab that says Sheet#.
The Cell
An Excel worksheet is made up of columns and rows. Where these columns and rows
intersect, they form little boxes called cells. The active cell, or the cell that can be
acted upon, reveals a dark border. All other cells reveal a light gray border. Each cell
has a name. Its name is comprised of two parts: the column letter and the row number.
In the following picture the cell C3, formed by the intersection of column C and row 3,
contains the dark border. It is the active cell.
Important Terms
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• Each cell has a unique cell address composed of a cell's column and row.
• The active cell is the cell that receives the data or command you give it.
• A darkened border, called the cell pointer, identifies it.
4.Moving around the worksheet
You can move around the spreadsheet in several different ways.
To Move the Cell Pointer:
• To activate any cell, point to a cell with the mouse and click.
• To move the pointer one cell to the left, right, up, or down, use the
keyboard arrow keys.
To Scroll Through the worksheet:
The vertical scroll bar located along the right edge of the screen is used to move up or
down the spreadsheet. The horizontal scroll bar located at the bottom of the screen is
used to move left or right across the spreadsheet.
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The PageUp and PageDown keys on the keyboard are used to move the cursor up or
down one screen at a time. Other keys that move the active cell are Home, which
moves to the first column on the current row, and Ctrl+Home, which moves the cursor
to the top left corner of the spreadsheet or cell A1.
To Move between worksheets
As mentioned, each Workbook defaults to three worksheets. These worksheets are
represented by tabs-named Sheet1, Sheet2 and Sheet3-that appear at the bottom of the
Excel window.
To Move from one worksheet to another worksheet:
• Click on the sheet tab (Sheet1, Sheet2 or Sheet 3) that you want to display
Using the mouse to move around in a spreadsheet
To navigate a spreadsheet with the mouse, you can click the scroll bars or use the scroll
wheel on your mouse, if you have one. To use the scroll bars, you have three choices:
• Click the up/down or right/left arrows on the horizontal or vertical scroll bars.
This moves the spreadsheet one row (up or down) or column (right or left) at a
time.
• Drag the scroll box of a scroll bar.
• Click the scroll area (any area to the left/right or above/below the scroll box on
the scroll bar).
This moves the spreadsheet one screen left/right or up/down.
If your mouse has a scroll wheel, you can use this wheel to move through a spreadsheet
by two methods:
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• Roll the mouse's scroll wheel up or down to scroll your spreadsheet up or down.
• Press the scroll wheel to display a four-way pointing arrow, then move the mouse
up, down, right, or left. (When you are done, click the scroll wheel again.)
Using the keyboard to move around a spreadsheet
Using the mouse can be faster to jump from one place in a spreadsheet to another, but
sometimes using the mouse can be frustrating, trying to line it up just right. For that
reason, you can also use the keyboard to move around a spreadsheet. Some of the
common ways to move around a spreadsheet are shown in Table.
Using the Keyboard to Navigate a Spreadsheet
Pressing This Does This
Up Arrow Moves up one row
Down Arrow Moves down one row
Left Arrow Moves left one column
Right Arrow Moves right one column
Ctrl + Up Arrow Jumps up to the top of a column that contains data
Ctrl + Down Arrow Jumps down to the bottom of a column that contains data
Ctrl + Left Arrow Jumps to the left of a row that contains data
Ctrl + Right Arrow Jumps to the right of a row that contains data
Page Up Moves up one screenPage Down Moves down one screen
Ctrl + Page Up Displays the previous worksheet
Ctrl + Page Down Displays the next worksheet
Home Moves to the A column of the current row
Ctrl + Home Moves to the A1 cell
Ctrl + End Moves to the bottom right cell of your spreadsheet
If you know the specific cell you want to move to, you can jump to that cell by using the
Go To command. To use the Go To command, follow these steps:
1. Click the Home tab and then click the Find and Select icon in the Editing group.
A pull-down menu appears and then click Go To. The Go To dialog box appears.
You can also choose the Go To command by pressing Ctrl+G.
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2. Click in the Reference text box and type the cell you want to move to, such as
C13 or F4.
3. Click OK. Excel highlights the cell you typed in Step 2.
5. Types of Data in Excel
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Excel Data Types
© Ted French
Types of data in Excel There are three main types of data in Excel:
• labels
• values
• formulas
A label is an entry that is usually used for headings, names, and for identifying columns
of data. Labels can contain letters and numbers. By default, labels are left aligned in a
cell.
A value contains numbers and can be used in calculations. By default, values are right
aligned in a cell. Dates and times are considered to be values but are sometimes identified
as a separate type of data.
A formula is a mathematical equation such as adding or subtracting two values. In Excel
formulas must begin with an equal ( = ) sign. Excel contains a number of built in
formulas called functions.
6. Simple Data Entry1. Select the cell where you want to enter data by clicking on it with the
white cross cursor. This will place the thick `selection' box around that cell.
2. Type in the data or formula. The details of this step are presented below
for each of the five types of data which can be entered.
3. Press the Enter key. This will complete the input and move the selection
box down one cell which will then be able to receive further input.
7. When creating formulas in Microsoft Excel, you ALWAYS start by typing the equal
sign. You type it in the cell where you want the answer to appear.
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For help with this example refer to the image above.
1. Click on cell C1(outlined in black in the image) with your mouse pointer.
2. Type the equal sign in cell C1.
8. Below are some basic formulas for Microsoft Excel:
Basic formula :
ADDITION cell A1 to A10 = sum (A1: A10)
• AVERAGE cell A1 to A10 = average (A1: A10)
• MAXIMUM cell A1 to A10 = max (A1: A10)
• MINIMUM cell A1 to A10 = min (A1: A10)
9. The LOOKUP function returns a value either from a one-row or one-column range or
from an array. The LOOKUP function has two syntax forms: vector and array. The
vector form of LOOKUP looks in a one-row or one-column range (known as a vector) for
a value, and then returns a value from the same position in a second one-row or one-
column range. The array form of LOOKUP looks in the first row or column of an array
for the specified value, and then returns a value from the same position in the last row or
column of the array.
10. Sorting and Filtering allow you to manipulate data in a worksheet based on given set
of criteria.
Basic Sorts
To execute a basic descending or ascending sort based on one column:
Highlight the cells that will be sorted
Click the Sort & Filter button on the Home tab
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Click the Sort Ascending (A-Z) button or Sort Descending (Z-A) button
Custom SortsTo sort on the basis of more than one column:
Click the Sort & Filter button on the Home tab
Choose which column you want to sort by first
Click Add Level
Choose the next column you want to sort
Click OK
Filtering
Filtering allows you to display only data that meets certain criteria. To filter:
Click the column or columns that contain the data you wish to filter
On the Home tab, click on Sort & Filter
Click Filter button Click the Arrow at the bottom of the first cell
Click the Text Filter
Click the Words you wish to Filter
To clear the filter click the Sort & Filter button
Click Clear
11.
1. Enter the information from the scenario found at the beginning of the tutorial. Use the
Format menu to format the cells as need be.
2. Go to Insert>Chart and select chart.
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3. The chart pop up window menu will appear, and you’ll notice that you have numerous
options. Click on the first option “Columns,” and select the first type of column on the
second row as seen below.
4. Now you will select the necessary data to build the column chart. Select the months
and money totals under Monthly Sales and hit enter. In this example, the data is
organized in columns so select “Columns” next to the option “Search in.” You will see a
preview of how the chart will look like.
5. Click Next to move to other format options. In the title tab, enter the title of the chart.
In this case, the title will be “Monthly Sales.” You can see a preview to the right of the
text box.
6. Click Next, and a pop-up window will appear asking you if you want the chart to be
placed on the same spreadsheet or as a single object in another spreadsheet within the
same workbook. Click on the first option to create the chart in a separate spreadsheet, and
click Finish.
7. A new spreadsheet will be added to the workbook, and it should look like the image
below. As you can see, this particular chart shows the sales information for six months in
a column view. Please note that new chart will be placed automatically at the beginning
of the workbook next to “sheet 1″� where you have all the data stored. The money
amounts can be seen on the left hand side and the months were placed at the bottom. Thechart depicts the differences in sale profits between the months. You can see that
February was the slowest month, but May and June were the most profitable.
8. In this step, you’ll create a simple pie chart with the “Top Products Sold by Month”
information, following the same steps as before. Go to Insert>Chart and select “pie”
from the menu of options (the fourth option on the left hand side of the pop-up menu).
Then, you can pick from one of the six types of pie charts * in this example, please select
the second one from the top row, and click Next
9. Now you will select the data necessary to build the Pie chart. You can select the
products and quantities under Top Products Sold by Month, Jan 06, and hit enter. In this
example, the data is organized in columns so select “Columns,”ン and click Next.
10. Under the title tab, enter the title of the chart. In this case, the title will be “Jan 2006 ”
Top Sellers.” You can see a preview to the right of the text box.