Sara Hsu. Environmental Kuznets Curve Some evidence of this, but alternative results.
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Transcript of Sara Hsu. Environmental Kuznets Curve Some evidence of this, but alternative results.
Environmental Economic Theory
Environmental Kuznets Curve Some evidence of this, but
alternative results
Japan Ashio Copper Mine Post-WWI industrialization policies
made pollution problem apparent Civil society increasingly opposed to
pollution Water Quality Conservation Law of
1958 Basic Law for Environmental Pollution
Control of 1967 Environment Agency
China Large problem with pollution, natural
resource usage Severe water pollution Stockholm
Conference of 1972 Economic growth and industrial
agglomeration Emissions Water pollution-Class IV rivers
China “Polluter pays” fees National Environmental Protection
Agency Environmental policies have
increased But enforcement is the problem Green energy technology
India Population pressures and
environmental degradation High levels of pollution in ten major
industrial hubs Environmental policies starting in
1970s Department of Environment set up in
1980 Voluntary emissions controls for firms
Bottom Line Pollution has been a nasty side effect
of the industrialization in all three countries
The countries have put in place laws to curb pollution, although the extent to which these laws are enforced varies by country.
Did You Know? The Chinese government has admitted for the first time that so called
‘cancer villages’ exist, as decades of pollution take their toll on the health of Chinese citizens. For years environmental campaigners in China have said that cancer rates in villages near factories and polluted rivers are far higher than they should be.
“In recent years, toxic and hazardous chemical pollution has caused many environmental disasters, cutting off drinking water supplies, and even leading to severe health and social problems such as ‘cancer villages’,” the document says, which was published in the 12th five-year plan for tackling pollution.
The plan also outlines a clampdown on the use of 58 types of toxic chemicals. Many chemicals are produced and consumed in China, which are banned in many developed nations. The document continues to warn that China is facing a grave situation in terms of chemical pollution control, including a lack of pollution risk control by enterprises, a lack of policies to stop the use of highly toxic and dangerous chemicals and insufficient pollution monitoring by the authorities, the state news agency Xinhua reported on Friday.