MIS PROJECT

TERM PAPER

ON

‘Compare two technologies and deduct which is better for corporate enterprise’.

Submitted to:

Prof. Amit Saraswat.

Completed by:

Arnab Roy Chowdhury.

PGDM - Section A, Old Roll No. - 06.

UnitedWorld School of Business.

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INDEX

Topic Page No.

Introduction ---- 03.

Objectives ---- 04-06.

Methodology ---- 07-08.

Literature Review ---- 09-13.

Conclusion ---- 13-15.

References ---- 15-18.

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Introduction:

“Today, IT helps sell cars. If my people deliver to requirements on time and within budget, but it doesn't change the business, they've failed.”

- Ralph Szygenda, CIO, General Motors.

The term "Information Technology" came about in the 1970s. Its basic concept, however, can be traced back even further. Throughout the 20th century, an alliance between the military and various industries has existed in the development of electronics, computers, and information theory. The military has historically driven such research by providing motivation and funding for innovation in the field of mechanization and computing.

Information Technology is a branch of engineering that deals with the use of computer and tele-communication to retrieve, store and transmit information. It plays a vital role in the lives of people. Every field of human activity, may it be his daily life, official life, everything is now influenced under the cover of information technology. Business process is under the IT revolution which is transforming the way we do the business. Basic business operations like decision making customer service, marketing strategies. Human resource management are done are being reformed with use of Information Technology.

The use of Information Technology in the field of Education and Training has developed various applications like CBTs, WBTs etc. which are used to train the students. IT plays a key real in Science and Technology sector, as it has changed each and every field of science, from Research and Development, Astronomy, Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Medicine etc. which require huge amount of data and calculations, that are aided by the IT.

The Entertainment Industry is also looking towards a giant leap with the IT as its partner. All entertainment utilities like music, movies, sports etc. are affected by IT. One can have all these services, sitting at home. On the Medical Care, the IT has varied applications right from the diagnosis where there are latest tools like CT scans, ultrasound, ultra-sonography etc.

The communication field was subject to maximum change starting from the internet automation of reservations to the computerized control of air traffic.

IT is now the leader in the game of the technology.

Multimedia technology is that technology which combines many multimedia like text, audio, video, graphics etc. The most popular current application of multimedia is E-Commerce.

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Objectives:

SAP Technology: It can be described under four key topic areas: Net Weaver. Basis and Security. Development (ABAP + JAVA). Exchange Infrastructure (XI).

Harness innovative technologies help us to adapt to change – and generate business value – no matter what size is the business. When we rely on a consistent and secure core, we can adopt new technologies designed to fit with our existing enterprise solutions quickly and cost-effectively.

GCrypt have developed an ABAP Add-On Component of SAP named "SSLPost Secure Document Delivery" which has been certified for integration with the SAP Net Weaver Platform.

SSLPost integrates seamlessly with SAP to allow SAP business documents to be delivered securely via email and the Add-On is compatible with all SAP systems running SAP WEB AS (4.6c and above).

SSLPost extends the technology on the ABAP Stack of the Net Weaver Application Server (the foundation on which most of the SAP product range runs) to provide an interface for outbound documents. The diagram below shows how the Add-On is currently integrated with SAP. SSLPost components are highlighted in green.

The Add-On is configured to work with the ALE/IDOC (in the connectivity layer of the Net Weaver Application Server) to process outbound business documents. The Add-On combines IDOC XML output and spool output of a business document (e.g. invoice) into an enhanced XML request (which contains an embedded PDF version of the business document). The Add-On then submits the delivery request to SSLPost using a secured connection. The connection is defined entirely within SAP environment and there is no requirement to use middleware (XI, Business Connector etc).

Why SAP?

SAP software can help an enterprise to become a best-run business; in fact, it's the choice of more than 80,000 small businesses and mid-size companies.

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SAP Software Is:

Affordable for small businesses and midsize companies -Every business is unique, which is why they are offered a complete portfolio of business management and business intelligence solutions designed to fit the way they do business – and their budget.

Designed with your company in mind -SAP solutions for small and mid-size companies are designed to be complete – offering the breadth and depth of functionality they need to run your business; easy to use – enabling quick adoption with little training; and flexible – they can scale and adapt as they grow their business. Every solution is offered based on best practices learned from more than 35 years of SAP's experience working with best-run companies.

Easy to implement and maintain -From affordable on-premise solutions, to on-demand solutions with a monthly subscription SAP solutions can be implemented within weeks.

SAS In-Database Technology: SAS In-Database technology is a flexible, efficient way to leverage increasing amounts of data by selecting SAS technology into databases or data warehouses. It utilizes the massively parallel processing (MPP) architecture of the database or data warehouse for scalability and better performance. Using SAS In-Database technology, an enterprise can run scoring models, some SAS procedures, and formatted SQL queries inside the database.

SAS is the logical evolution of SCSI, which includes its long-established software advantage and its multi-channel dual-port connection interface for enterprise servers. Leading vendors and suppliers in the enterprise computing and storage technology industries – HP, IBM, LSI Logic, Maxtor, and Seagate – were the original advocates of the SAS interface. Recently, the STA T10 board of directors voted to define SAS as the next generation of SCSI after the Ultra 310. High performance, high reliability SAS enterprise disk drives will initially be available in a 3.5” form factor at 10K up to 72GB and 15K rpm up to 146GB and a new small 2 ½” form factor at 10K rpm up to 36GB. Future releases will include 15K rpm as well as the 3 ½” form factor at 10K. SAS technology was designed to address the storage interconnect requirements of enterprise computing environments. SAS technology pulled from and combined with several great aspects of Fibre Channel, and SCSI to create an enterprise class interface that replaces parallel SCSI. This technology provides customers with the same high performance and high reliability they knew before, while adding the unprecedented feature of a solution that accommodates both SAS and SAP devices.

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The SAS interface is planned to provide customers with the flexibility, reliability, and performance for enterprise devices. SAS interconnect gives customers the choice of SAP or SAS interfaces. Customers, who have midrange to high-end enterprise servers and workstations, who have mission-critical data, and who need scalability and performance are the ideal audience for the SAS interface. SAS interface allows for communication in both directions on a link simultaneously. SAS controllers communicate with devices by using a tunneling protocol (STP). SAS enables one system design to deploy devices. This enables a flexible solution in offering a choice in storage devices based on what attributes are required. (Reliability, Performance, Cost).

Why SAS?

SCSI disks are designed and manufactured to meet the enterprise requirements of high reliability and high ‘Mean-Time-Between Failure’ (MTBF). HP does not actually speak in terms of MTBF as we measure in terms of Annual Failure Rate (AFR). HP believes that it makes more sense to the customer to give a percentage chance of failure over the given year rather than to suggest that the duty cycle is going to be over a million hours for a given drive. The formula for converting MTBF to AFR is as follows: 1/MTBF = AFR/8760 hrs per year. So then, for example, 1.5 million hours MTBF will equal .58% AFR. The high rotational speeds of SCSI drives (10K and 15K rpm), combined with low seek times and higher onboard processing power, result in the highest performing drives available. SAS meets these performance demands while providing highly scalable, high performance storage interconnect.

The following are other advantages of choosing SAS technology:

• Higher bandwidth 300MB/s point-to-point links.

• Allows the grouping of multiple links for wide links in multiples of 300MB/s.

• Allows the choice of SAS or SAP in the same infrastructure.

• Traditional SCSI software and middleware.

• Smaller connectors allow for small form factor hard disk drives.

• Simplified signal routing and thinner cabling.

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Methodology:

With the help of available data from internet, various books and journals, I am trying to compare two technologies SAS and SAP so as to figure out whichever is better for corporate enterprise like HP (Hewlett-Packard).

SAS Interface Benefits: SAS features will result in unprecedented system configuration capabilities with multiple benefits to system builders and IT professionals. System builders will be able to utilize a common infrastructure and choose from a wide range of product options, meeting basic to highly complex storage requirements. For the first time, storage systems will be readily customizable so as to meet specific application work-loads and price points. IT professionals and users will be able to configure simplified and flexible systems. Ultimately, customers will have choices that allow them to optimize their applications to achieve a balance of performance, reliability, and total cost of ownership.

Other advantages of SAS leveraging SAP inter-connect technology include:

• SAS/Serial ATA compatibility.

• Universal Inter-connect.

• Simplified Cabling – thinner cables improve air-flow.

• Flexibility – Disk inter-operability for flexible SAS and SAP deployment option,

Point-to-Point Topology – disk connection with scalable throughput.

• Common infrastructure: cables, connectors, backplanes, cabinets, etc.

• Efficiency in provisioning the market.

• Support for a broad range of market application segments based on performance and reliability.

• Simpler integration experience.

SAP Interface Benefits: SAP’s Benefit module has perform to handle US Benefits and its integration with US Payroll (PY) component. Benefit Administration in SAP enables us to enroll employees in benefit plans, terminate enrollment, monitor eligibility for plans, monitor provisions for Evidence of Insurability, view information about current benefit enrollments, print enrollment and confirmation forms, transfer data electronically to 3rd party plan providers and administer retire plans. SAP Benefit module is tightly integrated with Payroll. This integration enables benefit deductions and contributions to be processed by SAP payroll each time it is run.

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We can customize how the SAP system should process benefits for employees hired in the middle of the pay period and the system also allows pre-deductions. The target audience would be SAP end users and SAP consultants.

Advantages of SAP:

1. Functionality: The R/3 System offers us a software solution that covers all commercial processes and transactions commonly occurred in a company or group of companies.

2. Integration: All work processes within a company or group of companies are linked through data and functions with the help of the R/3 System.

3. User Friendliness: The R/3 System has a uniform graphical user interface (GUI) for all areas.4. Individual Solutions: System-controlled customizing procedures allow one to create solutions from a wide variety of prepared application variants to satisfy individual requirements.5. Flexible Structure: Whether in a departmental organization or on the warehouse or factory floor, change is the only face of a business that will not vary. Adaptability must be universal, and the R/3 System’s flexible structure and extensive integration helps to make that easier.

HP Customers Have a Choice: It is critical for customers to be aware how to choose the right serial solution for their requirements. HP believes that customers should study the characteristics of both SAP and SAS technologies in order to comprehend the benefits and tradeoffs for each hard drive and interface feature.

HP recommends customers who require performance, reliability, and software consistency should choose SAS.

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Literature Review:

In ancient times, ‘Technology’ was defined by Homer and Hesiod as the spoken word of manual craft or cunning skill (Luna, 1994).  By 330 BC, Aristotle coined the Greek term ‘technologia’ and split scientific knowledge into three parts: theoretical science, practical science, and productive science (technology).

According to Luna (1994), the earliest use of the word technology in the United States was found in Harvard University course on the "application of the Sciences to the Useful Arts" in 1816.  The 1832 ‘Encyclopedia Americana’ defined technology as principles, processes, and nomenclatures. Ever since that time, there has been debate as to the definition and identity of technology.  

From a historical perspective, philosophers of technology agree that two phases of technology can be seen: the craft phase and the modern schematized phase.  However, to a philosopher of technology, modern technology, although scientifically, is a unique structure of thinking, not merely applied science. Nor, is technology, like science, fully described by the laws of nature.

Wolf (1935) argued "that modern science was derived from technology through the wisdom accumulated via the 'technical arts,' and through the invention of a few critical instruments (e.g., the telescope, the microscope, the barometer, the air-pump, the pendulum clock.)" (Lewis & Gagel, 1992).  In these terms, technology is defined as practical science--science as technique. 

According to Bertrand Russell (1972, p. 492), practical science is not the same as "applied science." According to Russell, "applied science," as viewed by scientists, is inferior to "pure" or "theoretical science." Practical science or technology, as Russell viewed it, was not inferior science but was a conception of science as technique.

"Practical science has been the most important from the first, and has continually increased its importance, until it has almost ousted theoretical science from men's thoughts...The triumph of science has been mainly due to its practical utility, and there has been an attempt to divorce this aspect from that of theory, thus making science more a technique, and less a doctrine as compared to the nature of the world. Science, as technique, was building up among practical men a quite different outlook from any that was to be found among theoretical philosophers.  Technique confers a sense of power: man is much less at the mercy of his environment than he was in former times."

The history of technology is long and complex.  In fact, as discussed in unit 1, there is a fundamental disagreement about what is technology.  Was the discovery of fire the first

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technology?  Or, was the wheel or the plow the first technology?  In contrast to other units, in this unit we will focus on specific examples in the history of technology.

History of SAS:

SAS (pronounced "sass") earlier stood for "statistical analysis system" and began at North Carolina State University as a project to analyze agricultural research. As demand for such software grew, SAS was founded in 1976 to help all sorts of customers - from pharmaceutical companies and banks to academic and governmental entities.

SAS Institute Inc. is one of the largest privately held independent software companies in the world. Installed in 27,000 businesses, universities, and government agencies worldwide, the SAS System--the Institute's flagship product--is a modular, integrated, and hardware-independent suite of software products for enterprise information delivery that provides organizations with tools to access, manage, analyze, and present their data within an applications development environment.

It’s headquarter is in Cary, North Carolina near the Research Triangle Park. The Institute maintains regional offices in Austin, TX, Irvine, CA, Washington DC, New York, NY, Seattle, WA, Kansas City, KS, Atlanta, GA, Orlando, FL, Denver, CO, Pittsburgh, PA, and Cincinnati, OH, as well as established offices, subsidiaries, and distributors in about 60 countries around the world.

SAS Institute was founded and incorporated in 1976 by North Carolina State University Professor, Dr. James Goodnight and John Sall. The two academics had developed a statistical analysis software package for their own research use that had become popular with faculty at NC State and a number of other universities throughout the South. "Eventually, our fledgling operation grew too big to run out of our offices at State, and they invited us to leave," Goodnight told Business Leader magazine. "So, we moved across Hillsborough Street, and that's how it all started."

SAS – both the software and company – thrived throughout the next few decades. Development of the software attained new heights in the industry by being able to run across all platforms, using the multivendor architecture for which it is known today. While the scope of the company spread across the globe, the encouraging and innovative corporate culture remained the same.

SAS users know Anthony James Barr (aka Tony Barr or Jim Barr) was the designer and implementor of SAS language (1966-1979) and the first Chairman and President of SAS Institute (1976-1979). In this picture was Tony Barr in the first SUGI (January 26-28, 1976, Kissimmee, FL), taken by the first SUGI chair Julian Harwich. It is said in 1970s, everyone had long hair! In the early history of SAS when traced back the SAS file system to FFS (Formatted File System) in Tony Barr’s statement, SAS Related History. It’s not relational in the sense

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of RDBMS, but definitely in database management system (DBMS). Then you may understand why some people still call SAS library/datasets “database”. They are right in this non-relational point of view. Actually there are lots of parallel efforts to develop non-relational databases even after 1970 (when Codd introduced the concept of relational model). Google’s BigTable for example is not relational.

1960s-1970s was the emerging period for statistical computing technology (also golden age of technology). SAS as software was conceived in 1966, implemented in 1968 and got first massive distributed release in 1972 and then as a company incorporated in 1976 (you may know Apple also founded in this year; Microsoft 1975; Oracle, 1977; SPSS also in the same period). Around this time, PL/1 first appeared in 1964 (SAS was initially written by PL/1), C developed during 1969-1973 (SAS rewritten by C in 1980s), SQL 1978, S language 1976.

History of SAP:

The first version of SAP's flagship enterprise software was a Financial Accounting system named R/1. This was replaced by R/2 at the end of the year 1970. SAP R/2 was in a mainframe based business application software suite that was very successful in between 1980s and early 1990s. It was particularly popular with large multinational European companies who required soft-real-time business applications, with multi-currency and multi-language capabilities built in. With the advent of distributed client-server computing SAP, AG brought out a client-server version of the software called SAP R/3 (The "R" was for "Real-time data processing" and 3 was for 3-tier). This new architecture is compatible with multiple platforms and operating systems, such as Microsoft Windows or UNIX. This opened up SAP to a whole new customer base.SAP R/3 was officially launched on 6 July 1992. It was renamed SAP ERP and later again renamed ECC (ERP Central Component). SAP came to dominate the large business applications market over the next 10 years. SAP ECC 5.0 ERP is the successor of SAP R/3 4.70.

The newest version of the suite is My SAP 2005 or SAP ECC 6.0.SAP R/3 Release 4.0B Release Date June 1998SAP R/3 Release 4.5B Release Date March 1999SAP R/3 Release 4.6B Release Date Dec 1999SAP R/3 Release 4.6C Release Date April 2001SAP R/3 Enterprise Release 4.70 Release Date March- Dec 2003SAP ECC 5.0 ERP (my SAP ERP 2004) Release Year 2004SAP ECC 6.0 ERP (my SAP ERP 2005) Release Year 2005[2]

(Source - http://sapbasistech.blogspot.in/2009/07/history-of-sap-r3.html)11

History of HP:

HP was co-founded in the year 1935 by Dave Packard and Bill Hewlett, two Stanford University graduates with advanced degrees in electrical engineering. Like many tech companies, HP actually started in a garage just outside of Palo Alto, CA. The company was founded during a fellowship with Stanford Professor, Frederick Terman. Terman was also the initial investor for HP. In 1939, Terman gave the new technology company $538. In naming the company, Packard and Hewlett tossed a coin as to whether the company would be called Hewlett-Packard or Packard-Hewlett. The coin toss resulted in the company’s current name status ‘Hewlett-Packard’. HP became a corporation in 1947, and by 1957 HP was a publicly traded company.

HP Enterprise Services catalogs its services into three service portfolios which are as follows:

Infrastructure Technology Outsourcing (ITO) - It includes maintaining the operation of part or all of a client's computer and communications infrastructure, such as networks, mainframes, "midrange" and Web servers, desktops and laptops, and printers.

Applications Services - It involves the developing, integrating, modernizing, and/or maintaining of applications software for clients.

Industry Services, including Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) - addresses the core business challenges of clients in five key industries like healthcare, transportation, communications, government, and financial services, among others. BPO group is an integral part of the portfolio that involves performing a business function for a client, like payroll, call centers, insurance claims processing, and so forth.

HP Enterprise Services is a key implementer of the "Instant-On Enterprise." This HP Enterprise Business initiative seeks to highlight the fundamental shifts in the way information technology is being used to meet changing business models and the growing role of technology to drive business decisions and help organizations achieve economic growth, improve efficiency, and to further the development of society through the use of technology. In a larger context, the initiative seeks to help forward-thinking companies and government agencies have a more evolutionary, business-driven approach to how they deliver IT services, including solutions to modernize, transform, secure, and maximize the use of technology.

HP Enterprise Services has established two levels of business alliances relationships: Agility Alliances and Technology Alliances.

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The Agility Alliance brings together strategic solution providers to build and deliver end to end IT solutions for HP customers. The list of partners consists of: Deloitte, Microsoft, Oracle Corporation, PricewaterhouseCoopers, SAP, and Symantec.

This effort is supported by the Top Gun Program enabling HP Enterprise Services technical personnel to dedicate 3 months of their time on joint projects with the Agility Alliance partner on a key technology problem, to create an innovative customer solution.

The Technology Alliance brings together technology partners focused on collaborating with HP ES to develop, implement and jointly market services. These technology partners are: Computer Associates, Intel, Micro-Focus, Rochester Institute of Technology, Siemens, Tibco, VMware, and Xerox.

On August 6, 2010 CEO Mark Hard resigned amid controversy and CFO Cathie Lesjak assumed the role of interim CEO. On September 30, 2010 Leo Apotheker was named as HP's new CEO and President.

Apotheker’s appointment infused a strong reaction from Oracle Chief Executive Larry Ellison, who complained that Apotheker had been in charge of SAP when one of its subsidiaries was systematically stealing software from Oracle. SAP accepted that its subsidiary, which is now closed, illegally accessed Oracle intellectual property.

Future of HP:

Like many computer hardware companies, there is an intensified emphasis on both green and cloud computing solutions. This means that HP is likely to create and develop more cloud-based solutions for the enterprise market in future and move more towards disk less computing. This will allow the company to both cut costs, and remain an innovative force in the global computer hardware solutions market.

Conclusion:

The need for SAS: Serial technology allows companies like HP to help customers deploy a standardized server product while providing the ability to “customize” storage. Low-cost serial ATA disks will be ideal for near-line applications, SAS disk performance and uptime requirements will meet the needs of mainstream server and storage applications. Users may decide to deploy a single server model or storage enclosure across the enterprise, but then customize the hard drives based on the individual requirements—one of the key benefits of this serialized architecture.

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Who are SAS customers?

SAS customers look for the following characteristics:

• Logical extension to the parallel SCSI interface.

• Topology with an increased device count, and point-to-point architecture that provides significant increase in bandwidth per device.

• Improved connectors and simplified cabling.

• Very high scalability.

• The highest IOPS.

• Bypassing the technical hurdles of Ultra640 SCSI.

• Configuration flexibility and simplicity.

• Improved performance and reliability features.

• Scalable 1/O with future growth roadmap.

• Traditional SCSI software and middleware.

Comments:

Question - Configuration needed?

Remi,

I wanted to get information from Benefits provider to SAP. So do you think I can get master data at once at start and transaction data every night all by interfaces? Should I configure Master data such as Plans, Costs and Variants etc then get the transaction data by interface? Or should we need to develop two interfaces one for master data to import plans, costs etc and another for Transaction data on regular basis?

 Please suggest me.

 Thanks,

Murthy.

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Reply:

To make a seamless transition, you need to be able to relate the employee number (PERNR) with the employee's file number at the Benefit Provider, and either enter that information into a "Z" table that will be read by the interfaces (from SAP and to SAP), or you need to use an info-type field for that purpose (I believe one exists in IT0167).

Then you have to identify what information is required from SAP by the Benefit Provider, and what information from the Benefit Provider you would like to maintain (through the interface) in SAP.

From the above facts, it is clear that though SAS and SAP are different technologies, yet they are required in corporate enterprises (like HP, IBM, etc.) for their specific tasks in various fields. SAP is required for employees’ payroll scheme and other such benefits whereas SAS is needed in serial I/O devices, SCSI interfaces, disk connector technology and also for inter-connection among other devices. So, both these modern technologies are beneficial in today’s world.

References:

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^ a b Cliff Edwards and Aaron Rica-dela, business week. "HP's Plan to Make Touch-Pad a Hit." Jun 23, 2011. Retrieved Jun 24, 2011.

^ "Léo Apotheker Named CEO and President of HP". Hewlett Packard. Retrieved July 7, 2011.

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