SanitationSanitationHighly Integrated Highly Integrated

ThemeThemeSHITSHIT

IssuesIssues1.1. Strategy – policy : is there one or not? Is sanitation a Strategy – policy : is there one or not? Is sanitation a

public good? Do you have to pay for it? (Willingness, public good? Do you have to pay for it? (Willingness, ability)ability)

2.2. Roles and responsibilities, Link with water Roles and responsibilities, Link with water supply/health/wrm (Ministry coordination) supply/health/wrm (Ministry coordination) Ownership? Donor driven? Institutional Capacity Ownership? Donor driven? Institutional Capacity

3.3. Legislation to support implementation of strategyLegislation to support implementation of strategy4.4. Resources (financial, human, nature, material) Resources (financial, human, nature, material)

BraindrainBraindrain5.5. Culture (Acceptability)Culture (Acceptability)6.6. Technology (Affordability service/construction)Technology (Affordability service/construction)7.7. Rural – urban different constraints/approaches Rural – urban different constraints/approaches 8.8. Data are missing – health data lacking makes it Data are missing – health data lacking makes it

difficult to justify, plan, monitor and design difficult to justify, plan, monitor and design programmesprogrammes

Key lessonsKey lessons Strategy:Strategy: Sanitation in many countries not seen as prioritySanitation in many countries not seen as priority Detailed annexes to strategy on regional Detailed annexes to strategy on regional

characteristics (culture, geography etc (Chad)characteristics (culture, geography etc (Chad)

Roles and responsibilities:Roles and responsibilities: No separate Ministries for sanitation created, No separate Ministries for sanitation created,

coordination difficult but crucial with health, water , coordination difficult but crucial with health, water , education, etc.education, etc.

Donors can raise the importance of sanitation in Donors can raise the importance of sanitation in dialogue with governmentdialogue with government

Role community can be enhanced/triggered by Role community can be enhanced/triggered by CLTSCLTS

Key lessons cont.Key lessons cont. Resources ( human/finance)Resources ( human/finance) Sanitation requires higher level of understanding of consequences – Sanitation requires higher level of understanding of consequences –

causal relationship with health (costs)causal relationship with health (costs) Insufficient awareness – campaign is not sufficientInsufficient awareness – campaign is not sufficient

WSTF could be a model for other countries, also under budget WSTF could be a model for other countries, also under budget support (harmonisation)support (harmonisation)

WSTF to include equal attention/finance to sanitationWSTF to include equal attention/finance to sanitation Scope for private sector involvementScope for private sector involvement

CultureCulture CLTS – impact depends on cultural norms – needs to be tailored – CLTS – impact depends on cultural norms – needs to be tailored –

could be powerful instrument as starting point. could be powerful instrument as starting point. Risk: people decide on technology and should take care of physical Risk: people decide on technology and should take care of physical

constraints (flooding, high water table, etc.) – technology needs to constraints (flooding, high water table, etc.) – technology needs to be adapted, community might need to be supported/advised on be adapted, community might need to be supported/advised on suitable technologysuitable technology

CLTS does not necessarily lead to improved sanitation (who CLTS does not necessarily lead to improved sanitation (who standards)standards)

Lessons learned cont.Lessons learned cont. Technologies (rural –urban)Technologies (rural –urban) Space (urban), land tenure issues make it very Space (urban), land tenure issues make it very

complicated to design solutionscomplicated to design solutions Do we have appropriate technical solutions for Do we have appropriate technical solutions for

urban low income areas (biogas, low cost urban low income areas (biogas, low cost sewerage, emptying latrines/ septic tanks)sewerage, emptying latrines/ septic tanks)

Sharing experiences in sanitation limitedSharing experiences in sanitation limited

LegislationLegislation Legal requirement to build toilet once Legal requirement to build toilet once

construction permit for house is obtained.construction permit for house is obtained.