Sanitary-hygiene requirements in the field of milk and dairy production

Dr. Sabina Jotkova Dr. Sabina Jotkova Town of Tsar Town of Tsar KaloianKaloian19.10.200719.10.2007

Structure of presentation

From the farm to the fork European legislation Bulgarian legislation State of the stock-breeding in the

dairy sector Problems with yield of qualitative

milk Future directions

From the farm to the fork

Control on the fodders and nutritios supplements for farm animals

Human attitude to the animals Healthy animals - qualitative raw

materials GPP и HACCP in processing

enterprises Conception for traceability and

system for fast warning

European legislation

EU Directive 93/43ЕЕС /hygiene of foodstuffs/ 1993. This document imparts legislative character to the system НАССР for development, introducing and regulating of control. In it are set down requirements of the Codex Alimentarius, but with it are accepted the principles of the НАССР system.

The EU white book for food security-2000г. In it is done analysis of food diseases and is indicated the responsibility of all participants in the food line (from the farm to the plate) for providing of food security.

Regulation 178/2002, which introduces the basic principles and requirements of the EU Law for Foods.

EU Directive 92/46ЕЕС, enacts “Sanitary-hygiene rules for production and market realization of raw milk, heat treated milk and dairy products” - 1992.

Regulation 852/2004/ЕС, regarding the common rules for foodstuffs enterprises, concerning the foodstuffs hygiene.

Regulation 853/2004/ЕС, regarding determination of the specific hygiene codes for animal origin foods.

Bulgarian legislation

Strategy for the milk stock-breeding and the raw milk quality improvement for the period 2006-2009

Law for support of farm producers Law for veterinary-medical activity Law for foods Law for fodders Law for stock-breeding Ordinance No.44/20.04.2006 for the veterinary-medical requirements for the

stock-breeding objects. Ordinance No.51/20.04.2006 for the national reserve, individual milk quotas,

purchasers and cow milk purchasing approval. Ordinance No.61/09.05.2006 for the terms and rules for animals’ identification,

stock-breeding objects registration and the access to the identified animals data base.

(project) ORDINANCE FOR SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR PRODUCTION, CONSERVATION AND TRANSPORTATION OF RAW COW MILK AND REQUIREMENTS FOR TRADE AND INTRODUCTION ON THE DAIRY PRODUCTS MARKET

Veterinary-medical requirements for extraction of raw milk

Raw milk is extracted from animals, free of infectious diseases, not treated with substances dangerous for the humans’ health, which are excreted through the milk.

Raw milk is extracted from farms, registered and controlled from the NVMS, which correspond to the zoo-hygiene and veterinary-medical requirements.

Milking is done with strict observing of hygiene requirements /washing, drying, test milking, placing of cups, disinfection of teats after milking/.

The staff, busy with extraction and and conservation of the raw milk, should have certified health licences, clean clothing and good personal hygiene.

Ветеринарно-санитарни изисквания при добив на сурово мляко-2

Rooms for milk conservation should be easy for cleaning and disinfection, with appropriate illumination, ventilation, isolation and protected against pests.

Devices for extraction and conservation of milk are liable to regular cleaning and disinfection.

The owner or the manager in the farm leads primary accounting.

Chemicals, disinfectors and medicines are kept separately in locked premises or cupboards.

Regular removal of the stable manure and the rest of wastes.

EXAMPLES of REQUIREMENTS according to REGULATIONS № 853/2004

CATEGORY

Milk farm

Transition timelinits

TNM TNSC BUILDING FUND

I group up to 100,000/мl up to 400,000/мл Covered requirements

II group

Start 2008End 2009

from 300,000/мl to 100,000/мl

up to 400,000/мl

Covered requirements

Till the 2007 end

from 500,000/мl to 300,000/мl

from 500,000/мlto 400,000/мl

III groupTill the

2007 endup to 500,000/мl up to 500,000/мl Not met requirements

Requirements by ordinance № 44 to the milk-yielding farms

Stable buildings, constructed according to the normative requirements for protection and human attitude to the animals, having constant fence / 1.50 m high /, not allowing free access of people and animals, with entrance and checkpoint.

Presence of separate premises for animals from different technological groups.

Have equipment for yield and premises for conservation of milk till its delivery for processing

There are appropriate conditions for veterinary-medical service and for hospital treatment.

There are detached maternity boxes or provided maternity room.

There are premises and ground for open-air breeding of calves.

STATE OF STOCK-BREEDING IN DAIRY SECTOR – 1 jUNE 2007

Milch cows total number by:2005г.:350,000

Milk producers with quota for deliveries and direct sale total number: 96,572

INDICATORS CATEGORY

1 group 2 group 3 group

Farms number 1,145 1,353

?Milch cows number 47,970 28,779

Average number in farm 42 21

STRUCTURE OF THE MILK HERD OFCATTLES IN BULGARIA

78%

8%

14%

Problems with qualitative milk yield

Antiquated, worn out technics/milking units, milk conservation coolers. Insufficient staff erudition. Bad selection of animals; low average productivity. Not balanced feeding and inappropriate exploitation. Poor demand of veterinary-medical services, frequent and incompetent

use of veterinary-medical medicines from owners. Building fund and breeding systems, not meeting the Ordinance №44

requirements. Bad prevention, bad hygiene in premises and bad milking hygiene. Lack of investments in innovations and modernizations in farms. Bad management. Insufficient motivation.

Future trends

Introducing of GFP concerning the use of pastures, utilization of stable manure, choice of appropriate breeding and milking systems

Modernization of building fund, adjacent premises, technics and equipment

Introducing of good hygiene practices in ПСМ-F Investments in farms, allowing improvement of

effectiveness, increasing of competitive power, adopting of know-how and use of consulting services.

Thank You for the attention !