Sandhu_H_Future proofing peri-urban agriculture
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Transcript of Sandhu_H_Future proofing peri-urban agriculture
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Future Proofing Peri-urban Agriculture: Methods to Quantify and Value Ecosystem Services
Dr Harpinder Sandhu
School of the Environment, Flinders University of South Australia
Beyond the Edge: Australia's First Peri-Urban Conference, October 1, 2013
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Key global issues
• Population increasing
• Food demand will double by 2050
• Loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services
• Climatic variability and change
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Ecosystem Services
• Nature’s services –
Gretchen Daily, 1997
• Nature article by
Costanza et al. (1997)
US $ 33,000,000,000,000 p.a.
Gross global production:
US $ 18,000,000,000,000 p.a.
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Trends of Natural Capital and Ecosystem Services
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Agriculture poses risks to Ecosystems
1900 2000 2050 1950 2020
0.5
0.74
1.5
1.66
1.89
3
20
87
135
236
3.75
6.55
10.1
Drivers of Ecosystem Change
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The largest industry on the planet
1.3 billion people, $4 trillion in global GDP (6 %)
• 3-4% to the national GDP
• 60% of total area
• 65% of natural resources
• Need to incorporate ES into decision making
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How do we turn things around?
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Sandhu et al. 2010 Env Sc Policy, Sandhu et al. 2012 Ecol. Econ., Sandhu et al. 2013
Ecosystem Services in Agricultural Landscapes
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August 2010
Relevance of ES to different agricultural industries
Low relevance
Medium relevance
High relevance
Sandhu et al. 2012 Ecol. Econ.
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Monetary value of Ecosystem Services
Inventory and characterize targeted goods and services
Primary Economic
Studies
Value Transfer
Market Values
(i.e., water markets)
Apply values to Site
Depict and interpret results
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Canterbury and Surrounding Region
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Value of Ecosystem Services ($ ha-1 per year):
Where A(LUi) = Area of land use/cover type (i)
and V(ESki) = Annual value per unit area for ecosystem service type (k)
generated by land use/cover type (i).
Ecosystem Service Value Calculation
n
k
kiii ESVLUAESV1
)()()(
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Economic value from field experimentation
Economic value in $ ha-1
yr-1
Ecosystem services Organic fields Conventional fields
1 Biological control of Pests 50 0
2 Mineralization of plant nutrients 260 142
3 Soil formation 6 5
4 Food 3990 3220
5 Raw materials 22 38
6 Carbon accumulation 22 20
7 Nitrogen fixation 40 43
8 Soil fertility 68 66
9 Hydrological flow 107 54
10 Aesthetic 21 21
11 Pollination 62 64
12 Shelterbelts 880 200
Total economic value of ES 4600 3680
Non-market value of ES 1480 670
Table 1 - Summary of mean economic value of ecosystem services in organic and
conventional fields.
Sandhu et al. 2008 Ecological Economics
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Example Results: GIS Mapping by Parcel
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Putting it all together
Valuation
Database
ArcIMS®
System
User
Data Input
Project Website
and
Economic Analysis
Server
Project Team
Sharepoint
Collaboration
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Web-based Map Server: Farm Parcels and Field
Research
http://ecovalue.uvm.edu/evp/modules/nz
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Legend
Conventional agriculture
Non-market ES ($US)
0
1 - 100,000
100,001 - 200,000
200,001 - 400,000
400,001 - 600,000
600,001 - 800,000
800,001 - 1,000,000
1,000,001 - 2,000,000
2,000,001 - 3,000,000
3,000,001 - 4,200,000
GIS map showing total economic value of ES for arable
land in Canterbury based on conventional farming
Sandhu et al. 2008 Ecological Economics
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Application of ES concept in
peri-urban areas
• To generate better social, environmental and economic
outcomes from peri-urban areas
(integrate land–use planning and NRM planning)
• To guide decision support system
(incorporate ES into planning and decision-making relating
to resource allocation in peri-urban development)
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Decision making in peri-urban areas
Indirect drivers of
ecosystem change
Economic
Social
Political
Cultural
Direct drivers of
ecosystem change
Natural
Biological
Land use
change
Ecosystem Services
Provisioning services
(food, water, wine )
Regulating services
(clean air, water)
Cultural services
(recreation, aesthetics)
Supporting services
(nutrient cycling, soil
health, pollination)
Urban and Peri-Urban Areas
Habitat
Personal safety
Social cohesion
Freedom of choice
Health
Education
Governance
Economic opportunities
impacts
dependenc
e
Decision Making
Policy Options
Management
Options
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