© 2019 IJRAR January 2019, Volume 6, Issue 1 www.ijrar.org (E-ISSN 2348-1269, P- ISSN 2349-5138)

IJRAR1BLP294 International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews (IJRAR) www.ijrar.org 1941

Stages of Post-production Sandeep Mehra

Instructor

School of Design III

The Post-Production process involves a slew of professionals like editors, sound engineers, foley artists, colourists,

and more. There are some standard practices that are universal across in films, television and other visual

mediums. Post-Production is the stage after production when the filming is wrapped and the editing of the visual

and audio materials begins. Post-Production refers to all of the tasks associated with cropping raw footage,

assembling them, adding sound or music, dubbing, color correcting them etc. The Post-Production process is

highly collaborative, takes a lot time from few months to years, depending on the size and need of the project.

Post-production refers to the tasks that must be executed after the shooting or production stage ends. This includes

tasks such as the video editing of raw footage to cut scenes, working with voice and sound, motion graphics, digital

intermediate, 3d stereoscopic conversion and visual effect to name a few. Post-production is the third and final stage

in movie making after the pre-production and production stage. It mainly includes the following:

Video Editing: Video editing is the process of manipulating video by rearranging different shots and scenes in order

to create a whole new output. It can be as simple as stitching together different scenes and shots with video

transitions.

It includes task like removing unwanted footage, choosing the nice shots and footage to go into the final composition,

generating the flow of the narrative by arranging and rearranging scenes, adding effects, filters and additional

elements such as transitions etc.

The first step is rough cut where you go through all of your footage, categorize it, and start selecting which shots

you want to use. The second step is where all of the movie shots have been locked into the proper order is called

Picture lock. It means that the video is ready for the sound mix and visual effects.

Sound Editing: Editing different sounds to fit the video is a sound mix, also known as sound editing. These different

sounds can be dialogues, voiceovers, sound effects, background score, songs, etc. Most of these sounds need to

record separately in a soundproof place to get cleaner audio. In simple terms, the sound editing process is all about

collecting all the sound that an audio-visual project requires and sound editors are responsible for merging in all the

additional sound and audio tracks that complement the visual. It includes different things like ambient sounds, such

as a truck passing by on a highway, the approach of a distant bird chirping, the rustle of the trees at a park etc. All

these sounds we hear in a film or television are added during the post-production process.

Motion Graphics: Motion graphics takes graphic design to next level which otherwise static and gives it life in

form of animation, usually without following a specific narrative. Motion graphics can illustrate complex ideas

visually. Think of motion graphics like a visual aid. A few seconds of motion graphics can clear everything up

perfectly, also this visual style appeals to a wide range of viewers.

If you have watched any tv series, news broadcast, documentary, interview or movie, you are already familiar with

the term motion graphics. Motion graphics are animated graphics or graphics in motion also known as motion design.

These animated graphics can be in the form of lower thirds, logo intro, movie beginning credits or ending credits,

explainer videos, whiteboard animation, UI animation, lyrics video, motion poster, infographics, title text animation

etc. It is like a crossroad between animation and graphic design with a goal of presenting information to the viewer

through the use of animated text or graphics. Motion graphics focus towards providing movement to graphic design

elements, but tend to have less of a concrete storytelling aspect than other types of animation movies.

Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India

© 2019 IJRAR January 2019, Volume 6, Issue 1 www.ijrar.org (E-ISSN 2348-1269, P- ISSN 2349-5138)

IJRAR1BLP294 International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews (IJRAR) www.ijrar.org 1942

Digital Intermediate: The process film scanning and color is manipulation is called digital intermediate also known

as DI. It includes scanning the approved shots at a very high resolution and working on them one at a time and then

fixing the colors to make the film look more interesting. This negative that comes out is an "intermediate" and

everything is completed digitally that’s why it is called "digital intermediate". The digital intermediate is turning out

to be the most essential process of movie-making which uses digital tools for color grading and allows for much

more detailed control on each color and areas of the image, also allows to manipulate the grain, white balance,

sharpness etc. It is like the final creative adjustment to a movie look with color grading.

Stereoscopic 3d Conversion: Converting a 2d flat imagery into a 3d form is called stereoscopic 3d conversion or

2d to 3d conversation. It like creating an illusion of depth by replicated views for each eye. There are many factors

that make a perfect stereoscopic conversion which starts from the proper alignment of a layer to creating mattes

from rotoscoping and using the z depth files to generating the parallax and creating the clean plates. Some

filmmakers also like to use a stereo camera and shoot the entire movie in stereo but still to generate different effects

or to composite different elements the film needs to come in post-production to achieve a high quality and effective

conversions like in the movie Avatar of 2009 the entire movie was shot in Fusion Camera System (Reality Camera

System 1) developed by Sony but later brought back to post-production to complete the high-end 3d conversion and

compositing. Same process becomes slightly easier in 3d animated films such as How to Train Your Dragon, Toy

Story 3, Kung Fu Panda, Incredibles 2 and others as their 3d application render system correctly generates stereo

imagery. These stereo imageries can be generated by rendering the entire 3d scene from two similar but offset virtual

cameras or using in build stereo function of render engines like RenderMan etc.

Visual Effects: Imagery manipulated or created on live footage is visual effects (VFX). It is an integration of live

shot and computer-generated imagery(CGI). VFX is the integration between actual footage and this manipulated

imagery to create some specific look for the context.

Just a few years back, the art of visual effects was known by the name of special photographic effects as the work

was done photographically on a film and depend mostly on optical cameras. Nowadays we know it well by the name

of visual effects.

John Dykstra, one of the top visual effects artists in the business and the creative mind behind the movie Star Wars

of 1977, once explained VFX as "two or more elements of film combined into a single image". This was a perfect

definition until the computer has taken place of optical cameras. So he modified that definition as "with the advent

of digital imaging, that could be considered two or more subject captured in separate media and made to appear as

if they were photographed together".

It has become a very important integral part of the story and style of modern-day films and TV shows. Some of the

common softwares used for visual effects are Adobe After Effects, 3Ds Max, Boujou, Maxon Cinema 4D, Autodesk

Maya, Mocha, Nuke, SynthEyes, Fusion, PF Track, Silhouette fx etc.

Bibliography:

References-

http://www.yuvsoft.com/stereo-3d-technologies/2d-to-s3d-conversion-process/

https://visual.ly/m/what-are-motion-graphics

https://indiefilmhustle.com/post-production-process/

https://www.lemonlight.com/blog/7-things-you-need-to-know-about-video-post-production/

https://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/sound-editing.htm