Sand & Mineral Based Kerala.

8/14/2019 Sand & Mineral Based Kerala.

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DR. THRIVIKRAMJI K.P.

DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY (Retd.)

UNIVERSITY OF KERALA


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3.18 CRORES (CENSUS, 2001)SIDE OF SUPPORT SQUARE 35 m

POPULATION DENSITY : 819/ kmHIGHEST IN LOWLAND AND NEARLYSO IN MIDLAND AND DENSEPOCKETS IN HIGHLAND.CHIEF MEANS OF LIVELIHOOD :NATURAL / AGRICULTURALRESOURCES

2


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TERTIARY SEDIMENTARYROCKS & BEACH ALLUVIAM

3610 600.0HIGHHIGHLAND

GEOLOGIC SKETCHAREA,KM2

ELEV., MCLASS


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3.28 MTOthers

0.89 MTKyanite

34.38 MTSillimanite

0.56 MTGarnet

0.99 MTMonazite

5.22 MTZircon

4.31 MTLeucoxene6.02 MTRutile

88.48 MTIlmenite

144.02 MTTHM1645.51 MTRaw Sand

HEAVY MINERAL RESERVES(CHAVARA-THRIKUNNAPUZHA)


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9399.032000.05.22Zircon

TOTALWORTH

(Rs)

COSTPER TON

(Rs)

RESERVE(MillionTons)MINERAL

6.88

4.31

6.02

88.48

8000.0

32000.0

28000.0

3600.0

2062.0Sillimanite

6459.0Leucoxene

9036.0Rutile

13272.0Ilmenite


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21240.06422.40425.01,270,000.0Total

600.0240.012.0040,000.0Sillimanite

7200.0288.0144.080,000.0Zircon3750.01500.0075.050,000.0Leucoxene

7500.03000.0150.0100,000.0Rutile

7500.03000.0150.01,000,000.0Ilmenite

Income

in 50 yr

Income

in 30 yr

Income per

year, Rs(Crores)

Production,

T/yr

Mineral


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TF OF BS = 3600 TVOL. OF 4.0 MT, THEN = 111.1m3

OR 1m THICK CAKE OF BLACK SANDSPREAD OVER 1.1 km2 OR 111.1 ha

111 ha

1.0 m


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COME AND GO- WILL COME AGAIN TOGO- LEAVES TRAIL OF DEATH &DESTRUCTION - WISER ESCAPE BY

STAYING OFF LIKE BIOSPHERERESERVES SUCH AREAS BE

DECLARED NON-LIVABLESPHERESOR UNFIT TO LIVE & SETTLE


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STORM OF 7TH ONAM, 1982


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TSUNAMI PROVED THE SIZE OFSUBSEA RESERVOIR OF MINERALSAND IN THE CONTINENETALSHELF

MINERAL SAND HAD BEENACCUMULATING IN THE KERALASHELF FROM PALEOCENE ORLATE CREATCEOUS, 65 MaBEFORE PRESENT


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ILMENITE


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ILMENITE


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ILMENITE


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ILMENITE


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I

II

II

I

II

IIIRiver BasinI, II Stream Order


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PRODUCT OF ROCK WEATHERING TOLATERITE IN TROPICAL MONSOON CLIMATE

A PROCESS TAKING ~1MA/METER

SAND MAKING: A SLOW PROCESS.

(@ 1mi/YR OR LOWER DENUDATION)

DEMAND : ORDERS OF MAGNITUDELARGER THAN MAKING


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ROCKS WEATHER TO LATERITE INTROPICAL MONSOON CLIMATE

A PROCESS TAKING ~1MA/METER

SAND MAKING: A SLOW PROCESS.(@ 1mi/YR OR LOWER DENUDATION)

DEMAND FOR SAND: ORDERS OFMAGNITUDE LARGER THAN MAKING


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RIVER SAND = >90% QUARTZ

SP. GRAVITY = 2.65; HARDNESS = 6CHEMICALLY INERTCHERTHALAI GLASS SAND &

GOLDEN BEACH SAND: QUARTZ

COMMON CRYSTALLINEROCK:

= Q0.33+F0.66+A0.01SP.GRAVITY: ~2.78

1 m3 = 2.78 T & QUARTZ IS 0.9TTAKES 1.0 Ma TO GET


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Sand & Mineral Based Kerala.

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