San Diego, CA - Honolulu, HI 2 October - 9 November, 2011 · San Diego, CA - Honolulu, HI 2 October...

1

CRUISE REPORT

S-237

SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN ABOARD THE

SSV ROBERT C. SEAMANS

San Diego, CA - Honolulu, HI

2 October - 9 November, 2011

Sea Education Association

Woods Hole, Massachusetts

2

Citation:

Goodwin, D.S., 2011. Final Report for S.E.A. Cruise S237. Sea Education Association, Woods Hole, MA

02543, USA. www.sea.edu.

To obtain unpublished data, contact the SEA Data Archivist: Dr. Erik Zettler

Sea Education Association

P.O. Box 6

Woods Hole, MA 02543

508-540-3954 or 800-552-3633 (phone)

508-457-4673 (fax)

[email protected] (email)

www.sea.edu (website)

3

Table of Contents

Table 1: Ship's company 4

Data Description 5

Figure 1: Final cruise track 5

Figure 2a: Surface water temperature, salinity & chlorophyll fluorescence 6

Figure 2b: Surface water transmissivity, CDOM fluorescence & wind vectors 7

Figure 3: Surface current vectors 8

Figure 4a: Hydrographic sections (temperature, salinity & density) 9

Figure 4b: Hydrographic sections (chlorophyll fluorescence, CDOM

fluorescence & Beam Attenuation) 10

Figure 5: ADCP upper ocean current sections 11

Table 2: Summary of oceanographic sampling stations 12

Table 3: Surface station data 14

Table 4: CTD station data 16

Table 5: Hydrocast station data 17

Table 6a: Neuston tow hydrographic data 23

Table 6b: Neuston tow biological data 25

Table 7a: Meter net hydrographic data 27

Table 7b: Meter net biological data 28

Table 8a: Zooplankton 100 count data 29

Table 8b: Zooplankton 100 count data (continued) 32

Table 11: Phytoplankton net data 35

Table 12: Secchi disk data 35

Table 15: ARGO float deployment data 35

Table 16: Student research projects 36

Student Research Project Abstracts 37

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Table 1: S237 Ship's Company, SSV Robert C. Seamans

Nautical Staff

Jason Quilter Captain

Colleen Allard Chief Mate

Jeremy Dann Second Mate

Sarah Herard Third Mate

James O'Hare Chief Engineer

Mackenzie Haberman Assistant Engineer

Chris Sullivan Steward

M. Kelsey Lane Assistant Steward

Sarah Felder Deckhand

Kate Tanski Deckhand

David Shire Deckhand

Scientific Staff

Deb Goodwin Chief Scientist

Katy Hunter First Assistant Scientist

Greg Boyd Second Assistant Scientist

Anne Handschy Third Assistant Scientist

Students

Ryne Beeding Bluegrass Community College

Chad Bowker Siena College

James Campbell Boston College

Justine Cyr University of Maine, Presque Isle

Tara Haney University of North Carolina - Wilmington

Stephen Johnson Rochester Institute of Technology

Christopher Klein Colorado College

Brendan Kohrn Reed College

Sonia McCallum University of Massachusetts, Amherst

Justine Paradis Vassar College

F. Clare Robins Lesley University

Josh Sorosky Chapman University

Maximilian Spielmann Cornell University

Katherine Stetson Colorado College

Aisha Weinhold Prescott College

Dana Wilfahrt Roger Williams University

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Data Description

During the S237 six-week passage from San Diego, CA to Honolulu, HI (Figure 1), SSV Robert C.

Seamans and her crew transited several oceanographic provinces and climate regimes, the differences

among which formed the basis for our research program. From the cold, nutrient-rich upwelled waters of

the California continental shelf and slope, we sailed south and west to enter the eastern North Pacific

gyre. For just over two weeks we traveled through and explored the warmer, saltier and nutrient-poor

waters of the gyre while heading for the equatorial region. Once within the North Equatorial Current,

tropical waters offered a variety of highly productive biological communities and unique hydrographic

conditions; our southernmost point was just into the Equatorial Countercurrent. We then enjoyed a trade

wind passage north and west through the North Pacific gyre and into Hawaiian waters.

Oceanographic data were collected along the entirety of the cruise track during 67 stations comprised of

170 individual deployments (summarized in Table 2; detailed in Tables 3 - 13) as well as related chemical

analyses for nutrients, extracted chlorophyll, seawater pH and alkalinity (Tables 3 and 5). Furthermore,

continuous surface water measurements (sea surface temperature, salinity, in vivo chlorophyll

fluorescence, CDOM fluorescence and transmissivity by the ship's flow-through system; Figure 2), water

depth and sub-bottom profiles (CHIRP system), upper ocean currents (ADCP; Figures 3 and 5), and

meteorological data were gathered. CTD casts with additional complementary instrumentation obtained

vertical water column profiles of temperature, salinity, chlorophyll fluorescence, CDOM fluorescence,

beam attenuation and photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) (Figure 4). As part of a collaboration

with NOAA’s Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, two ARGO floats were deployed in the North

Pacific gyre (Table 11). Lengthy CTD, CHIRP, ADCP and flow-through data are not fully presented here;

all unpublished data can be made available by arrangement with the SEA Data Archivist (contact

information, p. 2).

Data supported both ongoing SEA

research projects and a diverse

suite of student-designed

investigations (Table 12 and

abstracts p. 37). Research topics

included species- and community-

level biogeographic studies,

temporal and morphological

indicators of ocean acidification,

ENSO influences on water

column structure, dynamics of the

deep chlorophyll maximum,

ground truthing of satellite remote

sensing information, size

distributions of plastic pollution,

and development of microbial

biofilms. The resulting student

manuscripts are available upon

request from Deb Goodwin, S237

Chief Scientist.

Figure 1. Final cruise track for S237 based on hourly (local time) positions. The voyage began in San Diego, CA and

concluded in Honolulu, HI, with no port stops.

6

Figure 2a. Surface water temperature (°C), salinity (psu) and chlorophyll fluorescence (volts) for S237. Note that the chlorophyll fluorometer sensitivity was not properly adjusted until week two.

7

Figure 2b. Surface water transmissivity (volts), CDOM fluorescence (volts) and wind vectors (m/s) for S237. Wind speeds are measured by an anemometer located at the top of the foremast.

8

Figure 3: Surface current vectors (mm/s) for the S237 cruise track. Note that 500 mm/s is approximately 1.0

knot.

9

Figure 4a: Hydrographic along-track sections for S237. Oceanographic regions indicated below density

section apply to all plots.

10

Figure 4b: Hydrographic along-track sections for S237. Note oceanographic regions indicated below beam

attenuation section apply to all plots.

Data obtained during hydrocast and CTD stations utilizing Seabird 19-plus profiler (CTDs S/N 4043 and 4027) with

Seapoint in-situ chlorophyll-a fluorometer (S/N 3149), WETLabs Wetstar transmissometer (S/N CST-625PR) and

WETLabs C-Star CDOM fluorometer (S/N WSCD-1258).

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Figure 5: ADCP upper ocean current magnitude and direction along-track sections for S237. Note that

500 mm/s is approximately 1.0 knot. Oceanographic regions in Figure 4 also apply to these plots.

In Table 2 (next page), abbreviations for oceanographic equipment deployed are: NT – neuston tow; MN – 1 meter net

(oblique tow); 2MN - 2 meter net (oblique tow); PN – phytoplankton net; HC – hydrocast with 12 Niskin bottles, CTD and

optical instrumentation; CTD – conductivity, temperature and depth profiler with chlorophyll fluorometer; ML - minilogger

CTD; SD – secchi disk; SG – shipek grab; and ARGO – NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory ARGO float.

General Locales are categorized by traditional oceanic biomes.

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Table 2: Summary of oceanographic sampling stations for S237.

Station

Number

(S237-)

Date Time

(Local)

Log

(nm)

Latitude

(deg N)

Longitude

(deg W) NT MN 2MN PN HC CTD ML SD ARGO General Locale

1 4-Oct-11 1037 105.4 32.032 -119.278 x x x California Current



4 6-Oct-11 0007 236.2 31.607 -121.235 x California Current



7 7-Oct-11 1046 410.4 30.340 -123.673 x x x N. Pacific Gyre 8 8-Oct-11 0003 478.0 29.770 -124.787 x N. Pacific Gyre 9 8-Oct-11 1034 534.0 29.390 -125.760 x x x N. Pacific Gyre

10 8-Oct-11 2224 581.4 28.837 -126.512 x x x N. Pacific Gyre 11 9-Oct-11 1036 634.1 28.492 -127.312 x x x N. Pacific Gyre 12 9-Oct-11 2358 686.5 28.030 -128.148 x N. Pacific Gyre 13 10-Oct-11 1033 723.3 27.763 -128.780 x x x N. Pacific Gyre 14 10-Oct-11 2239 757.5 27.457 -125.395 x x x N. Pacific Gyre 15 11-Oct-11 1115 808.8 27.457 -125.395 x x x N. Pacific Gyre 16 12-Oct-11 0002 860.4 25.690 -129.313 x N. Pacific Gyre 17 12-Oct-11 1030 907.0 24.838 -129.378 x x x N. Pacific Gyre 18 12-Oct-11 2232 946.2 24.135 -129.298 x x x N. Pacific Gyre 19 13-Oct-11 1055 983.0 23.435 -129.278 x x x N. Pacific Gyre 20 14-Oct-11 0000 1009.5 22.825 -129.335 x N. Pacific Gyre 21 14-Oct-11 0956 1079.8 21.472 -129.398 x x x x N. Pacific Gyre 22 14-Oct-11 2230 1126.4 20.888 -129.353 x x x N. Pacific Gyre 23 15-Oct-11 1052 1219.5 19.238 -129.462 x x x N. Pacific Gyre 24 16-Oct-11 0004 1272.4 18.275 -129.433 x N. Pacific Gyre 25 16-Oct-11 1011 1340.3 17.158 -129.583 x x x x N. Pacific Gyre 26 16-Oct-11 2304 1370.2 16.555 -129.665 x x x N. Pacific Gyre 27 17-Oct-11 1106 1420.7 15.647 -129.632 x x x x N. Pacific Gyre 28 17-Oct-11 2209 1472.0 14.837 -129.750 x x x N. Pacific Gyre 29 18-Oct-11 1009 1524.2 13.878 -129.883 x x x x Eq. Current System

30 18-Oct-11 2247 1569.5 13.072 -129.967 x x x Eq. Current System

31 19-Oct-11 1050 1623.2 12.258 -129.972 x x x x Eq. Current System

32 19-Oct-11 2345 1664.4 11.682 -130.163 x Eq. Current System

33 20-Oct-11 1009 1702.9 11.117 -130.363 x x x x Eq. Current System

34 20-Oct-11 2226 1724.5 10.703 -130.785 x x x Eq. Current System

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Table 2: Summary of oceanographic sampling stations for S237 (continued).

Station

Number

(S237-)

Date Time

(Local)

Log

(nm)

Latitude

(deg N)

Longitude

(deg W) NT MN 2MN PN HC CTD ML SD ARGO General Locale

35 21-Oct-11 1010 1767.1 10.020 -113.183 x x x x Eq. Current System 36 21-Oct-11 2210 1814.6 10.527 -131.725 x Eq. Current System 37 22-Oct-11 0048 1816.6 10.497 -131.755 x Eq. Current System 38 22-Oct-11 0405 1832.6 10.533 -131.990 x Eq. Current System 39 22-Oct-11 1019 1864.0 10.638 -132.532 x x x x Eq. Current System 40 23-Oct-11 0017 1901.4 10.702 -133.335 x Eq. Current System 41 23-Oct-11 1002 1946.9 10.823 -134.200 x x x x Eq. Current System 42 24-Oct-11 0018 1977.9 10.888 -134.883 x x x Eq. Current System 43 24-Oct-11 1019 2029.5 11.345 -135.722 x x x x Eq. Current System 44 24-Oct-11 1515 2031.1 11.340 -135.843 x Eq. Current System 45 24-Oct-11 2239 2075.0 11.522 -126.455 x x x Eq. Current System 46 25-Oct-11 1011 2133.3 11.773 -137.557 x x x x Eq. Current System 47 26-Oct-11 0002 2195.5 12.335 -138.862 x Eq. Current System 48 26-Oct-11 1022 2241.7 12.797 -138.558 x x x x Eq. Current System 49 26-Oct-11 2248 2292.0 13.193 -140.372 x x x Eq. Current System 50 27-Oct-11 1033 2375.8 14.235 -141.332 x x x x Eq. Current System 51 27-Oct-11 2255 2424.2 14.648 -142.107 x N. Pacific Gyre 52 28-Oct-11 1006 2457.5 15.100 -142.573 x x x N. Pacific Gyre 53 28-Oct-11 2252 2502.0 15.598 -143.262 x x N. Pacific Gyre 54 29-Oct-11 1038 2855.6 15.995 -144.052 x x N. Pacific Gyre 55 29-Oct-11 2156 2616.6 16.515 -145.030 x N. Pacific Gyre 56 30-Oct-11 1008 2657.5 16.622 -145.785 x x x x x N. Pacific Gyre 57 30-Oct-11 2250 2705.4 16.822 -146.675 x x x N. Pacific Gyre 58 31-Oct-11 1107 2747.5 16.787 -147.468 x x N. Pacific Gyre 59 1-Nov-11 0001 2799.0 16.935 -148.430 x N. Pacific Gyre 60 1-Nov-11 1249 2853.0 17.255 -149.415 x N. Pacific Gyre 61 1-Nov-11 2237 2909.0 17.652 -150.373 x x N. Pacific Gyre 62 2-Nov-11 1203 2963.8 18.118 -152.365 x N. Pacific Gyre 63 2-Nov-11 2230 3022.2 18.390 -152.185 x x x x Hawaiian Waters

64 3-Nov-11 0935 3059.0 18.418 -152.900 x x Hawaiian Waters

65 3-Nov-11 2359 3113.0 18.575 -153.888 x Hawaiian Waters

66 4-Nov-11 1224 3168.5 19.072 -154.755 x x Hawaiian Waters

67 5-Nov-11 1130 3276.9 19.452 -155.988 x Hawaiian Waters

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Table 3: Surface station data for S237.

Station

Number

(S237-)

Date Time

(Local)

Log

(nm)

Latitude

(deg N)

Longitude

(deg W)

Sea Surface

Temperature

(°C)

Salinity

(ppt)

Chlorophyll

Fluorescence

(volts)

CDOM

Fluorescence

(volts)

Chl-a

(µg/L)

PO4

(µM)

NO3

(µM) pH

Total

Alkalinity

(Meq/L)

SS-001 4-Oct-11 1354 105.4 32.030 -119.215 19.5 33.53 0.1 0.0 0.156 7.327 2.030 7.970

SS-002 5-Oct-11 0003 HB 31.935 -119.958 19.4 33.53 0.1 71.5 0.186 0.059 2.086 7.944

SS-003 5-Oct-11 1115 186.8 31.862 -120.540 19.2 33.25 0.1 71.2 0.155 0.206 7.969

SS-004 6-Oct-11 0015 236.2 31.607 -121.245 19.4 33.30 0.1 71.8 0.096 0.094 0.974 7.968 1.81

SS-005 6-Oct-11 1244 291.0 31.203 -121.997 19.5 33.27 0.1 71.6 0.128 57.090 5.126

SS-006 6-Oct-11 2258 348.2 30.817 -122.762 19.6 33.29 0.1 71.3 0.103 0.147 -0.070 7.998 2.45

SS-007 7-Oct-11 1114 410.5 30.335 -123.652 19.3 33.16 0.1 71.1 0.086 0.188 2.623 7.943

SS-008 8-Oct-11 0010 478.3 29.770 -124.787 20.3 33.53 0.1 71.9 0.085 0.135 1.924 7.976 1.87

SS-009 8-Oct-11 1301 534.5 29.352 -125.752 20.0 33.27 0.1 71.8 0.107 0.077 0.046 7.941

SS-010 8-Oct-11 2248 581.5 28.963 -126.503 20.8 33.89 0.1 71.5 0.084 0.077 -0.254 7.932 1.95

SS-011 9-Oct-11 1024 634.1 28.495 -127.313 21.1 34.23 0.1 71.8 0.123 -0.217 0.399

SS-012 10-Oct-11 0004 686.5 28.028 -128.147 21.1 34.08 0.1 71.5 0.102 -0.205 1.094 8.030 2.45

SS-013 10-Oct-11 1313 723.4 27.700 -128.782 21.0 34.05 0.1 71.6 0.110 -0.076 0.987 8.050

SS-014 10-Oct-11 2302 757.5 27.457 -129.395 21.4 34.30 0.1 71.5 0.108 -0.176 -0.065 8.001 1.95

SS-015 11-Oct-11 1142 809.0 26.572 -129.410 21.8 34.57 0.1 71.3 0.103 0.129 0.076 8.032

SS-016 12-Oct-11 0015 861.2 25.677 -129.308 21.8 34.44 0.1 71.4 0.113 0.124 -0.177 7.991 1.46

SS-017 12-Oct-11 1310 907.0 24.725 -129.388 22.2 34.89 0.1 70.7 0.213 -0.199 -0.203 8.072

SS-018 12-Oct-11 2257 945.6 24.128 -129.288 22.1 34.64 0.1 71.3 0.108 -0.017 -0.005 7.975 1.46

SS-019 13-Oct-11 1122 983.2 23.418 -129.263 22.4 34.65 0.1 71.6 0.076 0.082 -0.203 7.965

SS-020 14-Oct-11 0006 1009.8 22.820 -129.337 22.7 34.29 0.1 70.5 0.142 0.041 -0.061 7.965 2.00

SS-021 14-Oct-11 1300 1079.8 21.498 -129.390 23.2 34.33 0.1 68.1 0.084 -0.105 -0.121 8.010

SS-022 14-Oct-11 2301 1126.2 20.875 -129.468 23.6 34.61 0.1 68.1 0.107 0.212 1.099 7.889 3.82

SS-023 15-Oct-11 1118 1219.7 19.225 -129.468 24.4 34.64 0.1 68.0 0.092 0.147 -0.246 7.998

SS-024 16-Oct-11 0004 1272.4 18.273 -129.433 24.5 34.82 1.1 67.0 0.091 -0.135 0.051 7.959 1.99

SS-025 16-Oct-11 1313 1340.3 17.145 -129.592 26.2 34.93 1.0 68.0 0.125 -0.017 -0.306 8.079

SS-026 16-Oct-11 2304 1370.2 16.545 -129.660 25.6 34.96 1.1 67.0 0.084 -0.064 -0.100 8.005 4.54

SS-027 17-Oct-11 1142 1420.1 15.620 -129.632 26.8 34.59 1.1 68.1 0.160 0.047 0.274 8.028

SS-028 18-Oct-11 0012 1472.1 14.728 -129.792 26.9 34.70 1.3 68.1 0.161 -0.041 0.811 8.059 1.09

SS-029 18-Oct-11 1338 1524.2 13.830 -129.943 27.3 34.47 1.1 68.2 0.220 -0.035 0.184 7.943

SS-030 18-Oct-11 2320 1570.0 13.055 -129.963 27.2 34.02 1.3 68.1 0.242 0.118 1.738 8.101 2.08

SS-031 19-Oct-11 1231 1623.5 12.257 -129.997 27.6 34.20 1.1 68.2 0.214 0.059 5.088 8.062

SS-032 19-Oct-11 2351 1664.6 11.677 -130.163 27.7 33.97 1.3 68.1 0.166 -0.093 1.799 8.051 1.88

SS-033 20-Oct-11 1315 1703.1 11.677 -130.432 27.8 33.79 1.4 68.1 0.399 0.112 0.386 8.060

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Table 3: Surface station data for S237 (continued).

Station

Number

(S237-)

Date Time

(Local)

Log

(nm)

Latitude

(deg N)

Longitude

(deg W)

Sea Surface

Temperature

(°C)

Salinity

(ppt)

Chlorophyll

Fluorescence

(volts)

CDOM

Fluorescence

(volts)

Chl-a

(µg/L)

PO4

(µM)

NO3

(µM) pH

Total

Alkalinity

(Meq/L)

SS-034 20-Oct-11 2358 1725.0 10.655 -130.837 27.4 33.236 4.0 71.1 0.270 -0.023 0.712 8.045 2.49

SS-035 21-Oct-11 1138 1767.2 9.990 -131.195 27.5 33.730 1.80 71.1 0.190 0.106 0.476 7.984

SS-036 22-Oct-11 0048 1816.6 10.497 -131.755 27.3 33.763 3.4 71.2 0.173 0.199 0.338 7.978 2.36

SS-037 22-Oct-11 1414 1864.0 10.610 -132.343 27.5 33.700 1.7 68.2 0.101 0.071 0.472 8.033

SS-038 22-Oct-11 0027 1801.4 10.698 -133.340 27.2 33.584 3.3 68.2 0.115 0.206 5.243 8.026 2.57

SS-039 23-Oct-11 1138 1946.9 10.803 -134.227 27.0 33.665 1.9 69.9 0.121 0.200 8.445 7.895

SS-040 24-Oct-11 0044 1978.8 10.880 -134.888 26.7 33.640 4.6 68.8 0.253 0.270 9.088 8.094 2.22

SS-041 24-Oct-11 1342 2030.0 11.320 -135.753 26.4 33.717 2.9 66.8 0.270 0.452 11.826 7.765

SS-042 24-Oct-11 2312 2075.2 11.502 -136.460 25.4 34.016 5.2 71.2 0.205 0.798 59.148 7.924 1.54

SS-043 24-Oct-11 1258 2134.0 11.702 -137.668 25.4 34.281 2.3 68.5 0.277 0.331 13.241 8.104

SS-044 26-Oct-11 0011 2195.6 12.330 -138.950 26.2 34.007 5.0 71.2 0.310 0.339 6.804 8.436 2.07

SS-045 26-Oct-11 1324 2241.7 12.755 -139.600 27.1 33.969 1.7 68.9 0.252 0.158 0.415 8.069

SS-046 26-Oct-11 2316 2295.2 13.170 -140.380 26.9 34.221 1.9 68.1 0.226 -0.189 -0.214 8.100

SS-047 27-Oct-11 1215 2376.0 14.205 -141.347 23.9 34.206 1.2 68.1 0.176 -0.205 -0.444 8.069

SS-048 28-Oct-11 0011 2424.7 14.647 -142.107 26.5 34.578 1.2 68.1 0.121 -0.086 -0.068 8.102 2.28

SS-049 28-Oct-11 1452 2459.5 15.015 -142.720 26.3 34.788 1.2 68.7 0.121 -0.086 -0.119

SS-050 28-Oct-11 2234 2501.3 15.568 -143.270 25.7 35.054 1.5 67.1 0.134 -0.119 0.758 7.979 2.39

SS-051 29-Oct-11 1113 2555.8 15.965 -144.062 25.8 35.021 1.6 68.2 0.204 -0.016 0.671 7.987

SS-052 30-Oct-11 0006 2617.3 16.512 -145.040 25.9 34.825 1.3 68.1 0.170 0.005 0.305 8.009

SS-053 30-Oct-11 1318 2697.5 16.640 -145.837 25.8 34.990 1.1 67.7 0.142 0.005 1.511 7.981

SS-054 30-Oct-11 2330 2705.7 16.800 -146.687 25.6 35.039 1.4 65.2 0.125 -0.065 1.833 8.122 2.21

SS-055 31-Oct-11 1120 2747.6 16.765 -147.480 25.5 35.059 1.2 67.8 0.130 -0.057 2.557 8.008

All surface stations gathered data from a SeaBird Thermosalinograph and three auxiliary instruments (WETLabs WetStar transmissometer (S/N CST-588PR),

WETLabs C-Star CDOM fluorometer (S/N WSCD-1257), and Turner Designs Model 10-AU in vivo chlorophyll-a fluorometer (S/N 6493-RXX). Extracted

chlorophyll-a samples were filtered through 0.45 µm filters and measured with a Turner Designs Model 10-AU fluorometer. Seawater pH was determined using

m-cresol purple indicator dye and spectrophotometry. Nutrients (PO4 and NO3) were assessed with colorometric spectrophotometry. A blank space indicates that

no sample was collected for that analysis. Note that the flow-through chlorophyll-a fluorometer sensitivity was not properly adjusted until 15 Oct 2011;

fluorescence readings from SS-001 to SS-023 should be treated as incorrect.

16

Table 4: CTD station data for S237. Station locations as in Table 2.

Station

Number

(S237-)

Date Time

(Local)

Sea Surface

Temperature

(°C)

Chlorophyll

Fluorescence

(volts)

Salinity

(psu)

Water

Depth (m)

Cast

Depth (m)

Additional

Instrumentation General Locale

001-CTD 4-Oct-11 1037 19.4 0.1 33.54 1535 763 Chl-a/3149 California Current

005-CTD 6-Oct-11 1030 19.5 0.1 33.33 3930 752 Chl-a/3149 N. Pacific Gyre





025-CTD 16-Oct-11 1011 25.9 1.1 34.90 4768 1002 Chl-a/3149 Eq. Current System













061-CTD 1-Nov-11 2237 26.0 1.2 35.03 5488 871 Chl-a/3149 N. Pacific Gyre

066-CTD 4-Nov-11 1106 25.8 1.2 34.99 5158 877 Chl-a/3149 Hawaiian Waters

All CTD data collected with a Seabird 19-plus profiler (CTD S/N 4027) with optional Seapoint in-situ chlorophyll-a fluorometer (S/N 3149). Note that the flow-

through chlorophyll-a fluorometer sensitivity was not properly adjusted until 15 Oct 2011; fluorescence readings from CTD stations 001 to 021 should be treated

as incorrect.

17

Table 5: Hydrocast station data for S237. Station locations as in Table 2.

Station

Number

(S237-)

Date Time

(Local) General Locale Bottle

Bottle

Depth

(m)

Winkle

Oxygen

(mL/L)

Chl a

(µg/L)

PO4

(µM)

NO3

(µM)

Temperature

(°C)

Salinity

(psu)

Density

(kg/m3)

001-HC 4-Oct-11 1221 California Current 1 DNF N/A N/A N/A












005-HC 6-Oct-11 1149 N. Pacific Gyre 1 233.131 8.3412 33.9885 26.432



005-HC 6-Oct-11 1149 N. Pacific Gyre 4 198.736 0.007 2.036 67.934 8.7485 33.9289 26.3223





005-HC 6-Oct-11 1149 N. Pacific Gyre 9 89.449 0.393 2.983 13.2199 33.3203 25.0506




009-HC 8-Oct-11 1153 N. Pacific Gyre 1 236 7.5029 34.04 26.6









18

Table 5: Hydrocast station data for S237 (continued).

Station

Number

(S237-)

Date Time


Bottle

Depth

(m)

Winkle

Oxygen

(mL/L)

Chl a

(µg/L)

PO4

(µM)

NO3

(µM)

Temperature

(°C)

Salinity

(psu)

Density

(kg/m3)






013-HC 10-Oct-11 1208 N. Pacific Gyre 3 298.091 0.004 2.217 64.897 8.1569 34 26.47







013-HC 10-Oct-11 1208 N. Pacific Gyre 10 49.456 0.261 0.141 -0.315 17.9367 33.97 24.5



017-HC 12-Oct-11 1156 N. Pacific Gyre 1 571.733 0.12 5.3967 34.23 27.03



017-HC 12-Oct-11 1156 N. Pacific Gyre 4 298.267 3.98 -0.001 1.924 8.9632 34.02 26.36







017-HC 12-Oct-11 1156 N. Pacific Gyre 11 25.041 5.26 0.221 0.211 0.793 21.7356 34.8 24.14








19


Station

Number

(S237-)

Date Time


Bottle

Depth

(m)

Winkle

Oxygen

(mL/L)

Chl a

(µg/L)

PO4

(µM)

NO3

(µM)

Temperature

(°C)

Salinity

(psu)

Density

(kg/m3)



















029-HC 18-Oct-11 1209 Eq. Current System 1 523.609 1.13 7.0895 34.52 27.03

029-HC 18-Oct-11 1209 Eq. Current System 2 496.932 1.11 7.3548 34.52 27


029-HC 18-Oct-11 1209 Eq. Current System 4 297.668 1.25 0.01 2.968 28.518 9.699 34.62 26.71

029-HC 18-Oct-11 1209 Eq. Current System 5 149.772 11.7889 34.65 26.36






029-HC 18-Oct-11 1209 Eq. Current System 11 25.404 5.10 0.211 -0.09 0.096 26.9261 34.44 22.32

029-HC 18-Oct-11 1209 Eq. Current System 12 10.666 0.161 0.200 0.555 26.9604 34.43 22.3




20


Station

Number

(S237-)

Date Time


Bottle

Depth

(m)

Winkle

Oxygen

(mL/L)

Chl a

(µg/L)

PO4

(µM)

NO3

(µM)

Temperature

(°C)

Salinity

(psu)

Density

(kg/m3)



033-HC 20-Oct-11 1150 Eq. Current System 6 90.028 0.457 2.751 12.4348 34.76 26.32






033-HC 20-Oct-11 1150 Eq. Current System 12 9.967 ` 0.299 0.135 -0.057 27.4789 33.87 21.71












039-HC 22-Oct-11 1216 Eq. Current System 12 10.56 0.126 -0.01 1.051 27.1598 33.69 21.68












043-HC 24-Oct-11 1212 Eq. Current System 12 DNF 25.9693 33.7 22.06

21


Station

Number

(S237-)

Date Time


Bottle

Depth

(m)

Winkle

Oxygen

(mL/L)

Chl a

(µg/L)

PO4

(µM)

NO3

(µM)

Temperature

(°C)

Salinity

(psu)

Density

(kg/m3)











048-HC 26-Oct-11 1205 N. Pacific Gyre 11 24.544 4.54 0.34 -0.09 -0.006 26.5934 33.96 22.06










052-HC 28-Oct-11 1207 N. Pacific Gyre 9 107.639 4.99 0.238 -0.20 0.455 20.8666 35.01 24.55


052-HC 28-Oct-11 1207 N. Pacific Gyre 11 25.01 4.96 0.171 -0.21 0.301 25.9974 34.64 22.76











22


Station

Number

(S237-)

Date Time


Bottle

Depth

(m)

Winkle

Oxygen

(mL/L)

Chl a

(µg/L)

PO4

(µM)

NO3

(µM)

Temperature

(°C)

Salinity

(psu)

Density

(kg/m3)

056-HC 30-Oct-11 1200 N. Pacific Gyre 10 49.136 0.154 -0.04 -0.090 25.3868 35.01 23.23

056-HC 30-Oct-11 1200 N. Pacific Gyre 11 24.734 4.63 0.087 -0.03 -0.068 25.3908 34.97 23.2


All hydrocasts gathered data from a SeaBird CTD (S/N 4043) and four auxiliary instruments (SeaBird Dissolved Oxygen sensor (S/N 1120) on voltage zero (HC

stations 005 – 013 only), PAR sensor (S/N 4179) on voltage two, WETLabs WetStar transmissometer (S/N CST-625PR) on voltage four and WETLabs C-Star

CDOM fluorometer (S/N WSCD-1258) on voltage five; voltages one and three were not used). DNF - did not fire. Extracted chlorophyll-a samples were filtered

through 0.45 µm filters and measured with a Turner Designs Model 10-AU fluorometer. Seawater pH was determined using m-cresol purple indicator dye and

spectrophotometry. Nutrients (PO4 and NO3) were assessed with colorometric spectrophotometry. Carbonate alkalinity was measured by Gran Titration. A blank

space indicates that no sample was collected for that analysis.

23

Table 6a: Neuston tow hydrographic data for S237. Station locations as in Table 2.

Station

Number

(S237-)

Date Time

(Local)

Moon

Phase

(%)

Sea Surface

Temperature

(°C)

Chlorophyll

Fluorescence

(volts)

Salinity

(psu)

Tow Area

(m2)

Zooplankton

Biomass

(mL)

Zooplankton

Density

(mL/m2)

General Locale

001-NT 4-Oct-11 1342 54 S 19.8 0.1 33.53 2154 20.0 0.0093 California Current

002-NT 5-Oct-11 2333 64 R 19.4 0.1 33.54 2491 4.5 0.0018 California Current

003-NT 5-Oct-11 1106 64 R 19.1 0.1 33.26 1663 8.0 0.0048 California Current

004-NT 6-Oct-11 0007 88 S 19.4 0.1 33.30 2297 10.0 0.0044 California Current

005-NT 6-Oct-11 1232 73 S 19.4 0.1 33.26 2262 9.0 0.0040 N. Pacific Gyre

006-NT 6-Oct-11 2246 73 R 19.5 0.1 33.29 2040 29.0 0.0142 N. Pacific Gyre























029-NT 18-Oct-11 1335 67 S 27.3 1.1 34.50 1152 6.0 0.0052 Eq. Current System 030-NT 18-Oct-11 2305 67 S 27.2 1.5 34.02 1749 41.0 0.0234 Eq. Current System 031-NT 19-Oct-11 1221 57 S 27.6 1.1 34.22 1373 7.0 0.0051 Eq. Current System 032-NT 19-Oct-11 2345 30 R 27.7 1.3 33.98 1854 28.0 0.0151 Eq. Current System 033-NT 20-Oct-11 1309 46 S 27.8 1.4 33.80 3430 55.5 0.0162 Eq. Current System 034-NT 20-Oct-11 2340 36 S 27.4 4.0 33.23 3331 104.0 0.0312 Eq. Current System

24

Table 6a: Neuston tow hydrographic data for S237 (continued).

Station

Number

(S237-)

Date Time

(Local)

Moon

Phase

(%)

Sea Surface

Temperature

(°C)

Chlorophyll

Fluorescence

(volts)

Salinity

(psu)

Tow Area

(m2)

Zooplankton

Biomass

(mL)

Zooplankto

n Density

(mL/m2)

General Locale

035-NT 21-Oct-11 1127 36 S 27.5 1.9 33.74 1651 10.0 0.0061 Eq. Current System



038-NT 22-Oct-11 0405 26 R 27.6 3.4 33.65 1356 43.0 0.0317 Eq. Current System





043-NT 24-Oct-11 1328 8 S 26.4 2.1 33.70 2129 None Taken N/A Eq. Current System














059-NT 1-Nov-11 0001 38 S 26.2 1.3 34.69 1726 7.5 0.0043 N. Pacific Gyre


061-NT 2-Nov-11 0005 48 R 25.9 1.2 35.03 1852 10.0 0.0054 N. Pacific Gyre


063-NT 3-Nov-11 0035 58 R 25.7 1.3 35.06 2400 13.0 0.0054 Hawaiian Waters

064-NT 3-Nov-11 1247 58 S 25.6 1.3 35.10 1790 4.0 0.0022 Hawaiian Waters



067-NT 5-Nov-11 1130 76 S 27.0 1.2 35.10 1587 142.0 0.0895 Hawaiian Waters

Moon phase indicates either risen (R) or set (S). Tow area calculated using distance (meters) between successive minutes' GPS positions. Neuston net opening

1.0m wide by 0.5m tall, with a 333µm mesh net. Zooplankton density recorded as wet volume displacement per tow area (ml/m2). Note that the flow-through

chlorophyll-a fluorometer sensitivity was not properly adjusted until 15 Oct 2011; fluorescence readings from stations 001 – 023 should be treated as incorrect.

25

Table 6b: Neuston tow biological data for S237 (continued). Station locations as in Table 2.

Station

Number

(S237-)

Phyllosoma

(#)

Leptocephali

(#)

Halobates

(#)

Myctophids

(#)

Sargassum

natans (g)

Sargassum

fluitans (g)

Plastic

Pellets (#)

Plastic

Pieces (#) Tar (#)

Nekton

>2cm (mL)

Gelatinous

>2cm (mL)

001-NT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0.0 3.0

002-NT 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4.0 2.0

003-NT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0

004-NT 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.5

005-NT 0 0 3 20 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 1.0

006-NT 0 0 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 145.0

007-NT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 0.0 3.5

008-NT 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0

009-NT 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0

010-NT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0

011-NT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0

012-NT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 1.8

013-NT 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 7 0 0.0 0.0

014-NT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.0 0.0

015-NT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0

016-NT 0 0 21 2 0 0 0 2 0 0.0 0.0

017-NT 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 110 2 0.0 0.0

018-NT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 5.5

019-NT 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 15 0 1.0 0.5

020-NT 0 0 52 0 0 0 0 11 0 0.0 0.0

021-NT 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 8 0 0.5 0.0

022-NT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 81.0

023-NT 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 3 0 0.0 0.0

024-NT 0 0 18 1 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 7.5

025-NT 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 1 0 0.0 1.0

026-NT 0 0 27 0 0 0 0 2 0 0.0 0.5

027-NT 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0

028-NT 0 0 9 5 0 0 0 1 0 0.0 55.0

029-NT 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0.0 0.0

030-NT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 5.0

031-NT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0

032-NT 0 0 7 9 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 37.0

033-NT 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 15 0 0.0 4.5

034-NT 0 0 21 2 0 0 0 14 0 0.0 3.7

26

Table 6b: Neuston tow data for S237 (continued).

Station

Number

(S237-)

Phyllosoma

(#)

Leptocephali

(#)

Halobates

(#)

Myctophids

(#)

Sargassum

natans (g)

Sargassum

fluitans (g)

Plastic

Pellets (#)

Plastic

Pieces (#) Tar (#)

Nekton

>2cm (mL)

Gelatinous

>2cm (mL)

035-NT 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 3 0 0.0 0.0

036-NT 0 0 28 36 0 0 0 0 0 7.0 16.0

037-NT 0 0 2 38 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 60.0

038-NT 0 0 17 1 0 0 0 1 0 0.0 3.0

039-NT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 1.5

040-NT 0 0 11 3 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 2.0

041-NT 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.1

042-NT 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 1 0 1.0 3.0

043-NT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 4.0

045-NT 0 0 11 4 0 0 0 0 0 2.0 80.0

046-NT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0.0 8.0

047-NT 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 1.5 394.6

048-NT 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 5 0 0.0 0.4

049-NT 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 14.5

050-NT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0.0 4.0

051-NT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 2.0

053-NT 0 0 8 2 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 4.0

054-NT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0

055-NT 0 0 27 6 0 0 0 3 0 9.0 2.0

056-NT 0 0 29 0 0 0 0 2 0 0.0 0.0

057-NT 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 1 0 1.2 0.7

058-NT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0.2 0.0

059-NT 0 0 26 0 0 0 0 2 0 1.0 0.5

060-NT 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 2 0 0.0 0.0

061-NT 0 0 9 1 0 0 0 1 0 0.4 5.0

062-NT 0 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.0 0.0

063-NT 0 0 28 3 0 0 0 0 0 2.0 5.5

064-NT 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0

065-NT 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.8 12.0

066-NT 0 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 0.0

067-NT 0 0 86 0 0 0 0 18 0 0.1 0.0

Eel larvae (leptocephali), spiny lobster larvae (phyllosoma), marine water striders (halobates) and Lantern fish (myctophids) sorted from net contents and

counted. Micronekton and gelatinous micronekton removed using a 1cm mesh sieve; biovolume (ml) recorded. Qualitative descriptions of micronekton removed

from zooplankton biomass are available. Floating plastic and tar removed from net contents, sorted and recorded as numbers collected per tow.

27

Table 7a: Meter net hydrographic data for S237. Station locations as in Table 2.

Station

Number

(S237-)

Date Time

(Local)

Sea Surface

Temperature

(°C)

Chlorophyll

Fluorescence

(volts)

Salinity

(psu)

Maximum

Tow

Depth (m)

Tow

Length

(m)

Tow

Volume

(m3)

Zooplankton

Biomass

(mL)

Zooplankton

Density

(mL/m3)

General Locale

002-MN 4-Oct-11 2223 19.4 0.1 33.54 138 2628.1 2063.0 151.0 0.0732 California Current

003-MN 5-Oct-11 1043 19.1 0.1 33.24 175 3428.9 2691.7 74.0 0.0275 California Current

006-MN 6-Oct-11 2229 19.5 0.1 33.29 165 1220.6 958.2 88.0 0.0918 N. Pacific Gyre












028-2MN 17-Oct-11 2209 26.9 1.2 34.65 80 3160.9 7333.2 122.0 0.0166 N. Pacific Gyre

030-MN 18-Oct-11 2247 27.2 1.5 34.02 140 2530.3 1986.3 162.0 0.0816 Eq. Current System


034-2MN 20-Oct-11 2226 27.4 4.0 33.22 110 1722.7 3996.8 343.0 0.0858 Eq. Current System



042-MN 24-Oct-11 0004 26.7 4.5 33.65 90 2217.0 1740.4 Spilled N/A Eq. Current System









063-2MN 2-Nov-11 2230 25.6 1.3 35.06 120 4131.1 10286.5 121.0 0.0118 Hawaiian Waters

064-MN 3-Nov-11 0935 25.6 1.3 35.12 1200 Vertical Tow - N/A 65.0 N/A Hawaiian Waters

All tows used a 1m net (0.785m2) with 333µm mesh except stations 034 and 063, which used the 2m net (2.49 m

2) with 1000µm mesh. Tow length calculated

using distance between successive minutes' GPS positions; tow volume from tow length and net area. Note that the flow-through chlorophyll-a fluorometer

sensitivity was not properly adjusted until 15 Oct 2011; fluorescence readings from MN stations 001 – 023 should be treated as incorrect.

28

Table 7b: Meter net biological data for S237 (continued). Station locations as in Table 2.

Station

Number

(S237-)

Phyllosoma

(#)

Leptocephali

(#)

Halobates

(#)

Myctophids

(#)

Plastic

Pellets (#)

Plastic

Pieces (#) Tar (#)

Nekton

>2cm (mL)

Gelatinous

>2cm (mL)

002-MN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21.0 0.0

003-MN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 111.0 10.0

006-MN 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 14.0 8.0

007-MN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 3.8

010-MN 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0.8 0.0

011-MN 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.3 0.4

014-MN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.5 0.1

015-MN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.0

018-MN 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.0 6.0

019-MN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0

022-MN 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3.5 0.0

023-MN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 0.0

026-MN 0 0 1 2 0 1 0 1.0 1.5

027-MN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.0 74.1

028-2MN 0 0 0 12 0 0 0 10.1 1361.8

030-MN 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 4.6 6.0

031-MN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 53.0

034-2MN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10.6 284.0

035-MN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 535.0

041-MN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.4 609.0

042-MN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.0 31.0

045-MN 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 17.5 69.0

046-MN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.0 24.0

049-MN 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 4.8 148.0

050-MN 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 9.0 0.0

053-MN 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 18.5 0.8

054-MN 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1.2 0.4

056-MN 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 4.0 8.0

058-MN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 3.5

063-2MN 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 12.0 2.0

064-MN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.5 0.5

Eel larvae (leptocephali), spiny lobster larvae (phyllosoma) and Lantern fish (myctophids) sorted from net contents and counted. Micronekton and gelatinous

micronekton removed using a 1cm mesh sieve and biovolume (ml) recorded. Qualitative descriptions of micronekton removed from zooplankton biomass are

available. Floating tar and plastic removed from net contents, sorted and recorded as numbers collected per tow.

29

Table 8a: Zooplankton 100 count data for S237. Station locations as in Table 2.

Station

Number

(S237-)

Net

Type Date

Time

(Local) Cnid Siph Cten Pter Nud

Other

Snail Ceph Poly Chaet Cop

Gam

Amp

Hyp

Amp

Crab

(larv)

001 NT 4-Oct-11 1342 14 8 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 5 0 8 0

002 NT 4-Oct-11 2333 0 0 0 5 0 4 0 0 0 22 2 5 37

003 NT 5-Oct-11 1106 0 12 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 1 2

004 NT 6-Oct-11 0007 2 11 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 31 5 21 0

005 NT 6-Oct-11 1232 25 7 8 1 0 2 0 0 4 20 0 1 1

006 NT 6-Oct-11 2246 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 26 5 10 0

007 NT 7-Oct-11 1107 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 7 80 0 0 1

008 NT 8-Oct-11 0002 0 0 0 5 0 3 0 12 0 43 0 1 0

009 NT 8-Oct-11 1242 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 3 5 38 0 8 0

010 NT 8-Oct-11 2240 0 6 0 2 0 0 0 3 4 63 4 9 0

011 NT 9-Oct-11 1050 0 6 1 1 0 0 0 0 10 18 6 7 5

012 NT 9-Oct-11 2358 0 2 0 5 0 0 0 1 2 66 6 1 0

013 NT 10-Oct-11 1303 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 46 0 0 0

014 NT 10-Oct-11 2254 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 3 1 69 0 4 0

015 NT 11-Oct-11 1134 0 8 1 0 0 2 0 0 1 21 0 4 0

016 NT 12-Oct-11 0002 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 36 3 2 1

017 NT 12-Oct-11 1303 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 22 0 2 0

018 NT 12-Oct-11 2249 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 81 0 13 0

019 NT 13-Oct-11 1116 2 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 9 0 1 0

020 NT 14-Oct-11 0000 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 4 0

021 NT 14-Oct-11 1239 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0

022 NT 14-Oct-11 2246 2 17 0 0 0 0 0 1 9 11 1 7 0

023 NT 15-Oct-11 1111 0 1 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

024 NT 16-Oct-11 0000 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 0 36 3 14 0

025 NT 16-Oct-11 1309 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0

026 NT 16-Oct-11 2251 5 10 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 3 0

027 NT 17-Oct-11 1132 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 27 0 0 0

028 NT 18-Oct-11 0006 3 5 0 2 1 1 0 0 4 45 3 8 0

029 NT 18-Oct-11 1335 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 4 1 83 0 0 0

030 NT 18-Oct-11 2305 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 4 60 3 8 0

031 NT 19-Oct-11 1221 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 93 0 0 0

032 NT 19-Oct-11 2345 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 0 5 71 0 4 0

033 NT 20-Oct-11 1309 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 94 0 0 0

034 NT 20-Oct-11 2340 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 4 41 10 15 0

30

Table 8a: Zooplankton 100 count data for S237 (continued).

Station

Number

(S237-)

Net

Type Date

Time


Other


Gam

Amp

Hyp

Amp

Crab

(larv)

035 NT 21-Oct-11 1127 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 0 2 0

036 NT 21-Oct-11 2210 0 0 0 7 0 2 0 0 1 74 1 5 0

037 NT 22-Oct-11 0042 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 46 1 5 0

038 NT 22-Oct-11 0405 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 8 73 1 12 0

039 NT 23-Oct-11 0017 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 3 90 0 0 0

040 NT 23-Oct-11 0017 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 4 5 37 6 11 3

041 NT 23-Oct-11 1135 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 54 0 2 0

042 NT 24-Oct-11 0018 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 53 0 12 0

043 NT 24-Oct-11 1328 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 60 0 1 0

045 NT 24-Oct-11 2304 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 88 0 2 0

046 NT 25-Oct-11 1235 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 81 0 2 0

047 NT 26-Oct-11 0002 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 4 60 2 6 0

048 NT 26-Oct-11 1312 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 22 47 0 5 0

049 NT 26-Oct-11 2306 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 55 4 2 0

050 NT 27-Oct-11 1209 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 87 0 0 0

051 NT 28-Oct-11 0008 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 45 1 5 0

053 NT 28-Oct-11 2317 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 1 25 0 3 0

054 NT 29-Oct-11 1058 3 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 17 0 4 0

055 NT 29-Oct-11 2356 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 0 0

056 NT 30-Oct-11 1317 0 2 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 0

057 NT 30-Oct-11 2306 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0

058 NT 31-Oct-11 1107 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 2 0 15 0 1 1

059 NT 1-Nov-11 0001 0 4 1 2 0 1 1 2 2 56 0 5 0

060 NT 1-Nov-11 0000 0 10 0 1 0 5 0 0 3 56 2 0 0

061 NT 2-Nov-11 0005 2 1 0 7 0 0 0 0 6 55 0 1 0

062 NT 2-Nov-11 1203 0 0 0 6 0 3 0 0 3 51 0 1 0

063 NT 3-Nov-11 0035 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 64 0 8 1

064 NT 3-Nov-11 1247 0 9 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 13 0 0 1

065 NT 3-Nov-11 2359 0 10 0 1 0 2 0 0 9 62 0 1 0

066 NT 4-Nov-11 1224 0 14 0 0 0 2 0 0 8 70 0 1 1

067 NT 5-Nov-11 1130 12 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 36 0 0 0

002 MN 4-Oct-11 2223 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 53 0 4 1

003 MN 5-Oct-11 1043 0 2 0 5 0 0 0 7 38 9 0 7 0

006 MN 6-Oct-11 2229 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 8 7 8 1

31

Table 8a: Zooplankton 100 count data for S237 (continued).

Station

Number

(S237-)

Net

Type Date

Time


Other


Gam

Amp

Hyp

Amp

Crab

(larv)

007 MN 7-Oct-11 1046 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 68 0 2 0

010 MN 8-Oct-11 2224 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 6 1 27 13 6 1

011 MN 9-Oct-11 1036 0 6 0 2 0 0 0 1 4 40 1 2 0

014 MN 10-Oct-11 2239 0 3 0 1 1 0 0 3 0 49 0 5 0

015 MN 11-Oct-11 1117 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 63 0 6 0

018 MN 12-Oct-11 2232 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 4 57 0 12 0

019 MN 13-Oct-11 1055 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 33 1 5 0

022 MN 14-Oct-11 2230 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 6 6 0

023 MN 15-Oct-11 1052 0 6 0 0 0 2 0 1 5 35 1 0 0

026 MN 16-Oct-11 2237 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 58 0 3 0

027 MN 17-Oct-11 1106 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 60 7 2 0

028 2MN 17-Oct-11 2209 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 40 3 10 0

030 MN 18-Oct-11 2247 0 5 0 0 0 2 0 0 5 56 0 3 0

031 MN 19-Oct-11 1201 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 70 0 1 0

034 2MN 20-Oct-11 2226 0 5 0 1 0 0 0 4 0 18 13 11 3

041 MN 23-Oct-11 1113 2 12 0 9 0 0 0 0 2 19 1 0 0

045 MN 24-Oct-11 2239 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 88 5 0 0

046 MN 25-Oct-11 1124 0 1 0 0 0 3 0 0 5 71 0 6 0

049 MN 26-Oct-11 0000 0 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 39 0 11 0

050 MN 27-Oct-11 1143 0 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 3 29 1 9 0

053 MN 28-Oct-11 2252 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 2 64 0 3 0

054 MN 29-Oct-11 1038 0 6 0 2 0 0 0 0 13 29 6 15 0

056 MN 30-Oct-11 2250 1 1 1 19 0 0 0 0 0 36 0 1 0

058 MN 31-Oct-11 1039 0 2 0 1 0 4 0 3 1 40 7 3 3

063 2MN 2-Nov-11 2230 0 2 0 9 0 3 0 0 1 59 0 0 0

064 MN 3-Nov-11 0935 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 62 0 4 0

32

Table 8b: Zooplankton 100 count data for S237 (continued).

Station

Number

(S237-)

Net

Type Date

Time

(Local)

Shr

(larv)

Lob

(larv) Mys Euph

Stom

(larv) Ostr Clad Iso Salp

Fish

(larv)

Fish

eggs Other

Shannon-

Weiner

Diversity

Index

001 NT 4-Oct-11 1342 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 38 2 4 2 0.86

002 NT 4-Oct-11 2333 0 0 1 0 0 14 0 0 1 7 1 1 0.93

003 NT 5-Oct-11 1106 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 3 0 1 0 0.79

004 NT 6-Oct-11 0007 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 3 16 0 0.84

005 NT 6-Oct-11 1232 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 4 0.87

006 NT 6-Oct-11 2246 13 0 12 5 0 9 2 9 0 0 2 0 0.96

007 NT 7-Oct-11 1107 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 1 0 0.35

008 NT 8-Oct-11 0002 0 0 0 0 0 35 0 0 0 0 1 0 0.58

009 NT 8-Oct-11 1242 0 0 0 1 20 10 0 0 1 1 5 5 0.87

010 NT 8-Oct-11 2240 1 0 3 1 1 4 0 0 0 0 8 0 0.77

011 NT 9-Oct-11 1050 1 2 7 5 6 11 4 2 0 2 6 0 1.16

012 NT 9-Oct-11 2358 0 0 2 1 3 7 0 0 0 0 3 0 0.61

013 NT 10-Oct-11 1303 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0.37

014 NT 10-Oct-11 2254 2 0 3 3 1 5 0 0 0 0 6 0 0.58

015 NT 11-Oct-11 1134 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 2 0 0.70

016 NT 12-Oct-11 0002 5 1 1 5 5 4 1 4 0 5 4 0 0.96

017 NT 12-Oct-11 1303 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0.27

018 NT 12-Oct-11 2249 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.29

019 NT 13-Oct-11 1116 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0.84

020 NT 14-Oct-11 0000 0 1 2 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 84 0 0.33

021 NT 14-Oct-11 1239 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 53 0 0.43

022 NT 14-Oct-11 2246 5 0 4 12 1 7 0 1 1 1 20 0 1.02

023 NT 15-Oct-11 1111 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 81 0 0.27

024 NT 16-Oct-11 0000 21 1 2 2 0 4 0 14 0 0 0 0 0.80

025 NT 16-Oct-11 1309 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 87 0 0.24

026 NT 16-Oct-11 2251 1 0 0 3 2 17 0 0 0 5 35 0 0.89

027 NT 17-Oct-11 1132 0 0 1 0 0 14 0 0 0 0 23 0 0.64

028 NT 18-Oct-11 0006 0 2 2 1 0 1 0 2 2 1 10 0 0.91

029 NT 18-Oct-11 1335 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 0 0.32

030 NT 18-Oct-11 2305 5 0 0 5 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.66

031 NT 19-Oct-11 1221 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0.14

032 NT 19-Oct-11 2345 1 4 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 7 0 0.53

033 NT 20-Oct-11 1309 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.12

034 NT 20-Oct-11 2340 0 0 14 0 2 12 0 0 0 2 3 0 0.86

33


Station

Number

(S237-)

Net

Type Date

Time

(Local)

Shr

(larv)

Lob

(larv) Mys Euph

Stom


Fish

(larv)

Fish

eggs Other

Shannon-

Weiner

Diversity

Index

035 NT 21-Oct-11 1127 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 25 0 0.41

036 NT 21-Oct-11 2210 0 0 2 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0.47

037 NT 22-Oct-11 0042 0 0 4 32 0 4 2 1 0 0 4 0 0.68

038 NT 22-Oct-11 0405 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0.43

039 NT 23-Oct-11 0017 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 4 11 0 0.35

040 NT 23-Oct-11 0017 0 0 6 2 0 6 0 9 0 4 2 0 0.97

041 NT 23-Oct-11 1135 0 0 6 0 5 0 0 0 0 17 0 0 0.62

042 NT 24-Oct-11 0018 0 0 19 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0.66

043 NT 24-Oct-11 1328 0 0 6 1 0 16 10 0 0 1 4 0 0.57

045 NT 24-Oct-11 2304 0 0 0 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.24

046 NT 25-Oct-11 1235 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 3 2 0 2 0 0.39

047 NT 26-Oct-11 0002 5 0 0 4 5 1 0 0 0 0 10 0 0.71

048 NT 26-Oct-11 1312 8 0 5 6 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0.71

049 NT 26-Oct-11 2306 0 0 1 28 0 0 0 2 8 0 2 0 0.62

050 NT 27-Oct-11 1209 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 0.18

051 NT 28-Oct-11 0008 0 0 0 2 4 9 1 0 0 0 27 0 0.70

053 NT 28-Oct-11 2317 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 2 0 49 0 0.63

054 NT 29-Oct-11 1058 0 0 0 1 3 24 0 0 2 3 18 0 0.88

055 NT 29-Oct-11 2356 0 0 37 20 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0.61

056 NT 30-Oct-11 1317 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 79 0 0.37

057 NT 30-Oct-11 2306 0 0 21 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0.52

058 NT 31-Oct-11 1107 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 0 0 0.73

059 NT 1-Nov-11 0001 0 0 12 3 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.69

060 NT 1-Nov-11 0000 0 0 0 1 0 3 10 0 1 5 3 0 0.70

061 NT 2-Nov-11 0005 1 0 16 1 1 7 0 0 1 0 1 0 0.70

062 NT 2-Nov-11 1203 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 24 0 0 0 0.59

063 NT 3-Nov-11 0035 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 0.52

064 NT 3-Nov-11 1247 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 74 0 0.39

065 NT 3-Nov-11 2359 0 0 8 0 2 3 0 0 0 0 2 0 0.60

066 NT 4-Nov-11 1224 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0.46

067 NT 5-Nov-11 1130 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0.58

002 MN 4-Oct-11 2223 19 0 0 0 0 19 0 0 0 0 1 0 0.57

003 MN 5-Oct-11 1043 6 0 4 8 3 7 0 0 0 0 4 0 0.91

34


Station

Number

(S237-)

Net

Type Date

Time

(Local)

Shr

(larv)

Lob

(larv) Mys Euph

Stom


Fish

(larv)

Fish

eggs Other

Shannon-

Weiner

Diversity

Index

006 MN 6-Oct-11 2229 24 0 1 13 0 17 1 12 0 0 1 0 0.94

007 MN 7-Oct-11 1046 4 0 1 1 1 3 0 0 6 2 0 0 0.56

010 MN 8-Oct-11 2224 4 1 6 5 2 13 3 3 0 0 9 0 1.07

011 MN 9-Oct-11 1036 2 0 5 1 14 14 2 0 0 1 10 0 0.89

014 MN 10-Oct-11 2239 3 0 4 1 0 27 0 0 0 1 1 0 0.68

015 MN 11-Oct-11 1117 0 0 2 1 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.46

018 MN 12-Oct-11 2232 0 0 23 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0.53

019 MN 13-Oct-11 1055 0 1 6 10 1 3 0 0 0 0 53 0 0.67

022 MN 14-Oct-11 2230 17 0 4 5 0 12 0 13 0 1 28 0 0.92

023 MN 15-Oct-11 1052 0 0 0 2 0 11 0 0 0 1 36 2 0.78

026 MN 16-Oct-11 2237 2 0 0 0 0 20 1 0 0 0 11 1 0.58

027 MN 17-Oct-11 1106 0 0 1 0 1 13 0 0 0 0 11 0 0.60

028 2MN 17-Oct-11 2209 6 0 6 8 1 1 0 1 7 2 0 0 0.90

030 MN 18-Oct-11 2247 0 0 10 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 16 0 0.61

031 MN 19-Oct-11 1201 0 2 0 12 0 11 0 0 0 0 3 0 0.44

034 2MN 20-Oct-11 2226 0 0 22 13 4 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.97

041 MN 23-Oct-11 1113 2 0 12 9 1 10 1 13 0 0 3 2 1.01

045 MN 24-Oct-11 2239 0 0 4 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0.26

046 MN 25-Oct-11 1124 1 0 3 1 0 3 0 0 2 0 0 1 0.50

049 MN 26-Oct-11 0000 3 0 13 2 0 10 0 0 0 0 5 1 0.80

050 MN 27-Oct-11 1143 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 45 0 0.18

053 MN 28-Oct-11 2252 0 0 3 1 0 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.49

054 MN 29-Oct-11 1038 0 0 0 0 4 5 9 0 0 1 3 3 0.96

056 MN 30-Oct-11 2250 0 0 10 7 1 12 0 1 0 1 8 0 0.84

058 MN 31-Oct-11 1039 11 0 5 2 1 2 0 9 1 1 4 0 0.96

063 2MN 2-Nov-11 2230 16 2 3 0 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 0 0.72

064 MN 3-Nov-11 0935 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 26 0 0.46

Abbreviations for zooplankton categories in Tables 8a and 8b: Cnid – cnidarian medusa; Siph – siphonophore bracts and floats; Cten – ctenophores; Pter –

pteropods; Nud - nudibranchs; Other Snail – pelagic snails; Ceph – cephalopods; Poly – polychaetes; Chaet – chaetognaths; Cop – copepods; Gam Amp –

gammarid amphipods; Hyp Amp – hyperiid amphipods; Crab (larv) – Crab larval stage; Shr (larv) – shrimp larval stage; Lob (larv) – lobster larval stage; Mys –

mysids; Euph – euphausiids; Stom (larv) – Stomatopod larval stage; Ost – ostracods; Clad – cladocerans; Iso – isopods; Salp – salps and doliolids; Fish (larv) -

larval fish. No 100 counts were collected for station 035 and 042 meter net tows.

35

Table 9: Phytoplankton net data for S237. Station locations as in Table 2.

Station

Number

(S237-)

Date Time

(Local)

Sea Surface

Temperature

(°C)

Chlorophyll

Fluorescence

(volts)

Salinity

(psu) General Locale

Sampled

Depth Range

(m)

025-PN 16-Oct-11 1113 25.8 1.1 34.92 N. Pacific Gyre 100 – 130

029-PN 18-Oct-11 1132 27.2 1.1 34.43 Eq. Current System 50 – 75







Table 10: Secchi disk data for S237. Station locations as in Table 2.

Station

Number

(S237-)

Date Time

(Local)

Sea Surface

Temperature

(°C)

Salinity

(psu)

Chlorophyll

Fluorescence

(volts)

CDOM

Fluorescence

(volts)

Transmissivity

(volts)

Cloud

Cover

Wave

Height

(m)

Wind

Speed

(Beaufort

Force)

Secchi

Depth

(m)

Calculated

1% Level

(m)

General

Locale

044-SD 24-Oct-11 1515 26.3 33.71 2.2 69.7 113.1 98% 2 – 3 3 22.0 59 Eq. Current

System

Table 11: ARGO float deployment data for S237.

Date Time

(Local)

Latitude

(deg N)

Longitude

(deg W)

Float Serial

Number

Float

Instrumentation

Wave Height

(m)

Winds

(Beaufort

Force)

Sea Surface

Temperature

(°C)

Salinity

(psu)

14-Oct-11 1445 21° 39.9’N 129° 24.2’W 5326 CTD 1 – 1.5 2-3 23.2 34.33

16-Oct-11 1130 17° 08.7’N 129° 35.5’W 5831 CTD 1 2 26.2 34.93

Both ARGO floats were constructed by and will receive continued support from NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory ARGO Program

(http://floats.pmel.noaa.gov/). Float tracking and processed data may be accessed through the float database at the provided website.

36

Table 12: Student Research Projects for S237

Biological Oceanography

The effects of ocean acidification on Limacina, Clio, and Diacria

shell condition in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific Ocean

F. Clare Robins & Sonia

McCallum

Biogeography of zooplankton: DVM and physical factors in the

Pacific Ocean Chad Bowker & Ryne Beeding

An acidic bath: Zooplankton communities and pH in the

Northeastern Equatorial Pacific Brendan Kohrn

An analysis of chlorophyll-a and nutrients at the DCM along a

Pacific Ocean cruise track, with a satellite surface analysis

Tara Haney, Justine Cyr &

Maximilian Spielmann

Morphology of paralarval cephalopods in the Equatorial Pacific Josh Sorosky

Physical Oceanography

Impacts of La Nina on the eastern subtropical Pacific water

column

Katherine Stetson & Aisha

Weinhold

Marine Pollution

Distribution and abundance of microplastic and macroplastic in

the California Current, Equatorial Current System, and the

Northern Pacific Subtropical Gyre

Dana Wilfahrt & James Campbell

A study of biofilm composition and growth on macroplastics in

the North Equatorial Pacific

Christopher Klein, Justine Paradis

& Stephen Johnson

37

Student Research Project Abstracts

The effects of ocean acidification on Limacina, Clio, and Diacria shell condition in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific

Ocean - F. Clare Robins & Sonia McCallum

Ocean chemistry is a delicate system to which all ocean life has adapted. A key part of this balance is the carbonate

buffer system, which helps maintain the oceans’ slightly basic pH. The system has been affected by recent increases

of anthropogenic carbon dioxide. The ocean acts as a sink for this carbon dioxide, which lowers ocean wide pH.

This process, called ocean acidification, damages the delicate aragonite shells of pteropods. Cruise track S237 sailed

from San Diego, CA to Honolulu, HI from October 2nd

to November 9th

. During this time, pteropods were collected

during the night using neuston net tows. They were later examined for signs of shell degradation. Surface water

samples were collected at the same time as pteropod samples and processed for pH and alkalinity. The pH and

alkalinity values were compared to pteropod damage as a way of tangibly demonstrating the effects of global

climate change. It was found that the genus Limacina was the most damaged in its appearance, though Clio had the

weakest shells. Diacria was minimally damaged, though very few specimens were observed. Of the 983 pteropods

counted, 620 were damaged, totaling 63.07%. The global pH average is 8.1; along the cruise track pH levels varied

from 7.932 – 8.072. Calculated carbonate alkalinity varied from 2219.289 - 3081.909. No statistical relationship was

found between the percent of damaged pteropods and pH, however there was a minor statistical correlation between

percent of damaged pteropods and the calculated carbonate alkalinity.

Biogeography of zooplankton: DVM and physical factors in the Pacific Ocean – Chad Bowker & Ryne Beeding

This study focused on the zooplankton density and biodiversity of that population throughout Eastern Pacific. The

density and biodiversity of zooplankton is predicted to thrive in temperate waters in which the salinity and

temperature of the water are increased. Currents with more nutrients and increased temperature are expected to have

a higher density of zooplankton as well. A 333µm mesh-size neuston net (surface tow) and a 333µm mesh-size

meter net (for 150-300m depth tow) were towed at various positions, at 30 min intervals, twice every day, along

the S-237 cruise track in order to sieve the ocean for the zooplankton. Zooplankton are then sieved through for

‘floaters’ and the volume is measured by means of water displacement in a graduated cylinder. The biodiversity of

the zooplankton is determined by sampling a random 100 counts of said zooplankton and counting individual

organisms by species and genus which were then entered into the Shannon Weiner Diversity Index for valuing. The

salinity, temperature of the Pacific Ocean was continuously measured throughout the voyage by flow-through

thermosalinograph Sea Bird Electronics SBE 4S MicroTSG. Currents were identified by change in direction and

magnitude and measured by the on board 75 kHz Phased Array Ocean Surveyor Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler.

The average density and biodiversity of neuston tows which took place around noon and midnight were 0.013

ml/m3 , 0.52 and 0.021 ml/m

3, 0.69 respectively, average zooplankton density and biodiversity meter net which took

place around noon and midnight were .055 ml/m3 , 0.73 and 0.037 ml/m

3, 0.72 respectively. Our hypothesis was

supported by the increasing zooplankton densities as the cruise track continued south. The meter net zooplankton

densities showed a consistent higher value than the neuston tows which means there were more zooplankton in the

deeper layers than the surface layers despite DVM. Biodiversity increased as the current had a slightly higher than

average salinity level and temperature.

An acidic bath: Zooplankton communities and pH in the Northeastern Equatorial Pacific – Brendan Kohrn

Variation in zooplankton community composition with respect to pH was studied using data from neuston net tows

and bucket pH samples, collected along the SEA S237 cruise track aboard the SSV Robert C. Seamans. It was

hoped that the data collected would show a correlation between decreasing pH and change in zooplankton

community composition. Multiyear variation was examined using data from SEA cruises S225 and S231, following

roughly the same cruise track. Though there was some slight variation in zooplankton community, there was only a

slight, non-significant, decrease in pH from 2009 to 2011, and from the Equatorial regions to the California Current.

Of particular note is a huge increase in the number of gelatinous organisms in the year 2011 day tows, which does

not show up in the night tows or in any other years data set. Overall, the study found that changes in zooplankton

community composition cannot be studied solely on the basis of pH data and net tows, but that other factors must be

taken into account.

An analysis of chlorophyll-a and nutrients at the DCM along a Pacific Ocean cruise track, with a satellite surface

analysis - Tara Haney, Justine Cyr & Maximilian Spielmann

Phytoplankton are essential operators in the biogeochemical cycles on Earth. Key to their photosynthesis is a

pigment called chlorophyll-a. The nutrients phosphate and nitrate are also essential for phytoplankton growth. At a

38

certain depth, all the factors for phytoplankton growth are optimal and chlorophyll-a is highest. This depth is called

the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM). This depth was consistently below the 1% light level. Along the S-237

cruise track from San Diego to Honolulu, DCM water samples were collected from two major oceanic regions: the

North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) and Equatorial Current (EQ). These DCM water samples were analyzed for

chlorophyll-a, phosphate and nitrate. The NPSG had significantly lower phosphate and nitrate than the EQ, and

lower chlorophyll-a than the EQ. The depth of the DCM was also significantly lower in the NPSG than in the EQ.

Chlorophyll-a was size fractioned but no significant conclusions could be drawn from this data. 100-counts were

done of phytoplankton>20um from each DCM sample location. Counts indicated a preference for more spindly

diatoms and longer-horned Ceratium in the NPSG, and more chained diatoms and shorter-horned Ceratium in the

EQ. Centric diatoms were in every sample. Surface chlorophyll-a samples were collected along with DCM

chlorophyll-a samples to ground-truth satellite data. Comparisons of MODIS satellite values with the in situ values

showed that the satellite data is more consistently precise. However there was a strong correlation between the in

situ sampling and the MODIS data showing that remote sensing is a valid technique.

Morphology of paralarval cephalopods in the Equatorial Pacific – Josh Sorosky

Cephalopods, the largest of invertebrates, have long been a frustration in oceanographic research. Relatively little

illustration has been done on paralarval cephalopods in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Though a few thorough sources

are available, there are still only a few, making cross-referencing information limited. This project along the S237

cruise track from San Diego, CA to Honolulu, HI through SEA examined paralarval cephalopods across the

California Current, the North Pacific Gyre and the Equatorial Current System. Samples were illustrated and

organized into an infographic that follows the track and identifies individual’s location of capture as well as their

genus. The graphic offers background information on the cephalopod life cycle and morphology as well as the

process used to obtain the samples.

Impacts of La Nina on the eastern subtropical Pacific water column - Katherine Stetson & Aisha Weinhold

El Niño and La Niña, the counterparts of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are phenomena that impact the

world’s climate, represented in the layers of the ocean and on land. Biological impacts are as extreme as mass

collapse or mass net gain of organisms, due to the lack of upwelling in an El Niño season or to the extreme increase

in upwelling in a La Niña season. This study was conducted in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre and the

Equatorial Current System, facilitating a clear comparison between current ocean profiles, and profiles from

definitive El Niño (S225) and La Niña seasons (S231). Temperature and salinity were collected from a CTD, and

Dissolved Oxygen was collected from water samples at depth. Data was analyzed to determine the current ENSO

phase, or the ENSO phase that was likely to develop. Results suggest that ENSO development is more defined at

latitudes closer to the equator, and longitudes closer to the western coast of South America. It was found that La

Niña characteristics were visible developing further south and east, where as characteristics further north and west

were reflective of moderate El Niño characteristics. This suggests that a La Niña season is developing.

Distribution and abundance of microplastic and macroplastic in the California Current, Equatorial Current System,

and the Northern Pacific Subtropical Gyre - Dana Wilfahrt & James Campbell

This study was conducted to observe the abundance and distribution of macroplastics and microplastics in the

California Current, North Pacific Gyre, and Equatorial Current System along the S237 cruise track from San Diego,

CA to Honolulu, HI. Wind speed and direction as well as current magnitude and direction were observed and

compared to microplastic and macroplastic distribution and abundance. It was hypothesized that wind speed and

direction and current magnitude and direction would have similar effects on macroplastics and microplastics. Data

was collected twice daily from October 4th

through October 31st, 2011. A neuston net was used to collect

macroplastics and a bucket of surface water was used to collect microplastics. Macroplastic concentration was

determined by dividing macroplastic count by the approximate volume of water towed. Microplastic concentration

was determined by multiplying the quadrant counted on the filter by four and dividing by the water sample size.

Data was compared between the three regions and conclusions were drawn according to that data. The findings

presented that macroplastic and microplastic distribution and abundance were unrelated. There were distinct

differences in the concentrations of macroplastic and microplastic in the three regions. Wind speed and direction

and current magnitude and direction had different effects on macroplastics and microplastics, while showing no

correlation between the two. Wind speed had a positive effect on macroplastics and no effect on microplastics.

Current direction had an effect on microplastics, but showed no effect on macroplastics.

39

A study of biofilm composition and growth on macroplastics in the North Equatorial Pacific - Christopher Klein,

Justine Paradis & Stephen Johnson

Plastics are an ever-increasing source of pollution in the world’s oceans, though there is still relatively little known

about their impact and interaction with marine wildlife and environment, especially in terms of rate and extent of

biodegradation. However, it has been observed that floating plastic pieces develop biofilms, a layer of bacterial

organisms that cover various surfaces. In this study, pieces of high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene

(PP), and polylactic acid (PLA) were suspended in a flow-through aquarium aboard the SSV Robert C. Seamans as

she sailed from San Diego, CA to Honolulu, HI. The cruise track passed through coastal California waters, the North

Pacific Subtropical Gyre and the Equatorial Current System. Seawater from the surrounding waters was constantly

pumped through the tank to simulate the surrounding ocean environment. Every three days, samples were extracted

from the tank, scraped, re-suspended in sterile filtered seawater, stained with DAPI, and filtered onto individual

slides. The samples were viewed and counted on an epifluorescent microscope. Total bacteria counts were obtained

under UV light and autotrophic counts were obtained under green light. Counts were reduced to concentration of

cells per mm2. As anticipated, the number of both autotrophic and heterotrophic cells increased, plateaued, and then

decreased over the course of the sampling period. Autotrophic cell counts remained significantly lower than

heterotrophic cell counts for all plastic types as expected. PLA displayed the highest cell concentrations, followed

by HDPE and then PP. Both rate of growth and total cell concentration patterns corresponded to patterns of

chlorophyll-a concentration and, to a lesser extent, sea surface temperature as measured at each surface station

throughout the cruise.

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