Sam Houston

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For other persons named Sam Houston, see Sam Houston (disambiguation).

Sam Houston

7th Governor of Tennessee

In office October 1, 1827 – April 16, 1829

Lieutenant William Hall

Preceded by William Carroll

Succeeded by William Hall

1st President of the Republic of Texas

In office October 22, 1836 – December 10, 1838

Preceded by David G. Burnet (interim)

Succeeded by Mirabeau B. Lamar

3rd President of the Republic of Texas

In office December 13, 1841 – December 9, 1844

Preceded by Mirabeau B. Lamar

Succeeded by Anson Jones

7th Governor of Texas

In office December 21, 1859 – March 18, 1861

Lieutenant Edward Clark

Preceded by Hardin Richard Runnels

Succeeded by Edward Clark

Born March 2, 1793

Rockbridge County, Virginia

Died July 26, 1863 (aged 70)

Huntsville, Texas

Political party Independent

Spouse

Eliza Allen

Tiana Rogers Gentry

Margaret Moffette Lea

Religion Baptist

Samuel Houston (March 2, 1793 – July 26, 1863) was a 19th century American statesman,

politician, and soldier. Born on Timber Ridge, just north of Lexington in Rockbridge

County, Virginia, in the Shenandoah Valley, Houston was a key figure in the history of

Texas, including periods as President of the Republic of Texas, Senator for Texas after it

joined the United States, and finally as governor. Although a slaveowner and opponent of

abolitionism, he refused, because of his unionist convictions, to swear loyalty to the

Confederacy when Texas seceded from the Union, bringing his governorship to an end. To

avoid bloodshed, he refused an offer of an army to put down the rebellion, and instead

retired to Huntsville, Texas, where he died before the end of the Civil War.

His earlier life included encouraging emigration to Tennessee, time spent with the

Cherokee Nation (into which he was adopted and later married into), military service in the

War of 1812, and subsequent successful involvement in Tennessee politics. Houston is the

only person in U.S. history to have been the governor of two different states (although

others were governors of multiple American colonies).

A fight with a Congressman, followed by a high profile trial, led to his emigration to

Mexican Texas, where he soon became a leader of the Texas Revolution. He eventually

supported annexation by the United States rather than seeking long term independence and

expansion for Texas. The city of Houston was named after him during this period.

Houston's reputation survived his death: posthumous commemoration has included a

memorial museum, a U.S. Army base, a national forest, a historical park, a university, and

the largest free-standing statue of an American figure.

Contents

1 Biography

o 1.1 Early life

o 1.2 War of 1812

o 1.3 Tennessee politics

2 Controversy and trial

3 Texas

o 3.1 Republic of Texas

4 Settlement of Houston

5 Marriage

6 U.S. Senator

7 Governor of Texas

8 Final years

9 Monuments and museums

10 Children

11 Notes

12 References

13 Further reading

14 External links

Biography

Birthplace Marker in Rockbridge County, Virginia

Early life

Sam Houston was born on March 2, 1793,on his family's plantation near Timber Ridge

Church, outside Lexington, Virginia, in Rockbridge County, to Major Samuel Houston and

Elizabeth Paxton Houston. He was one of nine children. His father was a member of

Morgan's Rifle Brigade during the American Revolutionary War. He was of Scots-Irish

descent.

Receiving only a basic education, young Sam, with his family, moved to Maryville,

Tennessee following the death of his father in 1807.[1]

His mother then took the family to

live on Baker Creek, Tennessee. He ran away from home in 1809 and resided for a time

with the Cherokee tribe of Chief Oolooteka on Hiwassee Island. He was adopted into the

Cherokee Nation and given the name Colonneh or "the Raven".[2]

He returned to Maryville

in 1812, and, at the age of 19, founded a one-room schoolhouse. This was the first school

ever built in Tennessee, which had become a state in 1796.

War of 1812

Houston was struck by a Creek arrow at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend.

In 1812 Houston reported to a training camp in Knoxville, Tennessee,[3]

and enlisted in the

7th Regiment of Infantry to fight the British in the War of 1812. By December of that year,

he had risen from private to third lieutenant. At the Battle of Horseshoe Bend in March

1814, he was wounded in the thigh by a Creek arrow. His wound was bandaged, and he

rejoined the fight. When Andrew Jackson called on volunteers to dislodge a group of Red

Sticks (Creek Native Americans, known then as Creek Indians) from their breastworks

(fortifications), Houston volunteered, but during the assault, he was struck by bullets in the

shoulder and arm. He returned to Knoxville as a disabled veteran, but later took the army's

offer of free surgery and convalescenced in a New Orleans, Louisiana, hospital.[4]

Houston

became close to Jackson. In 1817 he was appointed sub-agent in managing the business

relating to the removal of the Cherokees from East Tennessee to a reservation in what is

now Arkansas, but he was offended at a rebuke from John C. Calhoun, then secretary of

war, for appearing before him in Native American garments, as well as at an inquiry into

charges affecting his official integrity, and he resigned in 1818.[5]

Tennessee politics

Following six months of study at the office of Judge James Trimble, Houston passed the

bar examination in Nashville, after which he opened a legal practice in Lebanon,

Tennessee.[6]

He was made attorney general of the Nashville district in late 1818, and was

also given a command in the state militia. In 1822 he was elected to the House of

Representatives for Tennessee, where he was a staunch supporter of fellow Tennessean and

Democrat Andrew Jackson, and was widely considered to be Jackson's political protégé,

although their ideas as to the treatment of Native Americans differed greatly. He was a

Congressman from 1823 to 1827, re-elected in 1824. In 1827 he declined to run for re-

election to Congress and instead ran for, and won, the office of governor of Tennessee,

defeating the former governor, William Carroll. He planned to stand for re-election in 1828,

but resigned after marrying 18-year-old Eliza Allen. The marriage was forced by Eliza's

father, Colonel John Allen, and never blossomed into a relationship. Houston and Eliza

separated shortly after the marriage, for reasons Houston refused to discuss to the end of his

life, and divorced in 1837, after he became President of Texas.

Sam Houston

After his wife left him, he lived again among the Cherokee, who formally adopted him as a

member of their nation.[5]

He married a Cherokee widow named Tiana Rogers Gentry, and

set up a trading post (Wigwam Neosho near Fort Gibson, Cherokee Nation), apparently

drinking heavily the entire time. During this time he was interviewed by Alexis De

Tocqueville. His alleged drunkenness and abandonment of his office, and wife, caused a rift

with his mentor Andrew Jackson, which would not be healed for several years.

Controversy and trial

In 1830 and again in 1832 he visited Washington to expose the frauds practised upon the

Cherokees by government agents.[5]

While Houston was in Washington in April 1832,

Anti-Jacksonian Congressman William Stanbery of Ohio made accusations about Houston

in a speech on the floor of Congress. Stanbery was attacking Jackson through Houston, and

accused Houston of being in league with John Van Fossen and Congressman Robert S.

Rose.

The three men bid on the supplying of rations to Native Americans who were being

forcibly dispossessed and relocated because of Jackson's Indian Removal Act of 1830.

Stanbery, now carrying two pistols and a dirk, refused to answer Houston's letters;

infuriated, Houston later confronted Stanbery on Pennsylvania Avenue as Stanbery left

Mrs. Queen's boardinghouse, and beat him with a hickory cane. Stanbery did manage to

draw one of his pistols, place it at Houston's chest, and pull the trigger—the gun misfired.

On April 17 Congress ordered the arrest of Houston, who pleaded self-defense, and hired

Francis Scott Key as his lawyer. Houston was found guilty, but thanks to high-placed

friends (among them James K. Polk), he was only lightly reprimanded. Stanbery then filed

charges against Houston in civil court. Judge William Cranch found Houston liable, and

fined him $500, but Houston did not pay it, and left the country.

Texas

1963 stamp issued by the USPS to commemorate Sam Houston.

The publicity surrounding the trial resurrected Houston's unfavorable political reputation,

and Houston made plans to go to Texas. He asked his wife, Diana Rodgers (also known as

Tieana Rodger) to go with him, but she preferred to stay at the log cabin and trading post.

Later she married a man named Sam McGrady, and died of pneumonia in 1838. Houston

married again after her death.

Houston left his home with the Cherokee in December 1832, and was immediately swept

up in the politics of what was still a Mexican state, Texas. There has been speculation over

the years that Houston went to Texas at the request of President Andrew Jackson to seek

the annexation of the territory for the United States, but no documentation to prove the

suspicion.

Houston attended the Convention of 1833 as representative for Nacogdoches, and emerged

as a supporter of William Harris Wharton and his brother, who supported independence

from Mexico, the more radical position of the American settlers in Texas. He also attended

the Consultation of 1835. He was then made a Major General of the Texas Army in

November 1835, then Commander-in-Chief in March 1836, at the convention which met at

Washington-on-the-Brazos to declare Texan Independence. He negotiated a settlement with

the Cherokee in February 1836.

Republic of Texas

On March 2, 1836, his 43rd birthday, Houston signed the Texas Declaration of

Independence. He soon joined his volunteer army at Gonzales, but was soon forced to

retreat in the face of the superior forces of Mexican General (and dictator) Antonio López

de Santa Anna, whose soldiers killed all those at The Alamo Mission at the conclusion of

the Battle of the Alamo on March 6.

Houston at the Battle of San Jacinto.

The painting "Surrender of Santa Anna" by William Huddle shows the Mexican general

Santa Anna surrendering to a wounded Sam Houston. This painting now hangs in the

Texas State Capitol.

At the Battle of San Jacinto on April 21, 1836, however, Houston surprised Santa Anna and

the Mexican forces during their afternoon siesta. In less than 18 minutes, the battle was

over. Badly beaten, Santa Anna was forced to sign the Treaty of Velasco, granting Texas

independence. Although Houston stayed on briefly for negotiations, he returned to the

United States for treatment of a wound to his ankle.

Houston was twice elected president of the Republic of Texas (the first time on September

5, 1836). He served from October 22, 1836, to December 10, 1838, and again from

December 12, 1841 to December 9, 1844. On December 20, 1837, Houston presided over

the convention of Freemasons that formed the Grand Lodge of the Republic of Texas, now

the Grand Lodge of Texas.

He put down the Cordova Rebellion of 1838, and while he initially sought annexation by

the U.S., he dropped that hope during his first term. In his second term, he strove for fiscal

prudence, and worked to make peace with the Native Americans and to avoid war with

Mexico, following the two invasions of 1842. He had to act over the Regulator-Moderator

War of 1844, which caused him to send in the militia.

Settlement of Houston

The settlement of Houston was founded in August 1836 by brothers J.K. Allen and A.C.

Allen. It was named in Houston's honor, and served as capital. Gail Borden helped lay out

Houston's streets.

In 1835, one year before being elected first President of the Republic of Texas, Sam

Houston founded the Holland Masonic Lodge. The initial founding of the lodge took place

in Brazoria and was relocated to what is now Houston in 1837.[7]

The city of Houston served as the capital until President Mirabeau Lamar signed a measure

that moved the capital to Austin on January 14, 1839. Between his presidential terms (the

constitution did not allow a president to serve consecutive terms), he was a representative

in the Texas House of Representatives for San Augustine. He was a major critic of

President Mirabeau Lamar, who advocated continuing independence of Texas and the

extension of its boundaries to the Pacific Ocean.

Marriage

On May 9, 1840, in Marion, Alabama, Houston married Margaret Moffette Lea, with whom

he had eight children. He was 47 and she was 21. Margaret acted as a tempering influence

on Houston. Although the Houstons had numerous houses, only one was kept continuously,

Cedar Point, on Trinity Bay from ca. 1840 through 1863.

U.S. Senator

Sam Houston as a U.S. senator.

After the annexation of Texas by the United States in 1845, Houston was elected to the

U.S. Senate, along with Thomas Jefferson Rusk. Houston served from February 21, 1846,

until March 4, 1859. He was a Senator during the Mexican-American War, when the U.S.

acquired vast expanses of new territory in the Southwest from Mexico as part of the war's

concluding treaty.

Throughout his term in the Senate, Houston spoke out against the growing sectionalism of

the country, and blamed the extremists of both the North and South, saying: "Whatever is

calculated to weaken or impair the strength of [the] Union, – whether originating at the

North or the South, – whether arising from the incendiary violence of abolitionists, or from

the coalition of nullifiers, will never meet with my unqualified approval."

Houston supported the Oregon Bill in 1848, which was opposed by many Southerners. In

his passionate speech in support of the Compromise of 1850, Houston said "A nation

divided against itself cannot stand." Eight years later, Abraham Lincoln would express the

same sentiment.

Houston opposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854, and correctly predicted that it would

cause a sectional rift in the country that would eventually lead to war, saying: " ... what

fields of blood, what scenes of horror, what mighty cities in smoke and ruins – it is brother

murdering brother ... I see my beloved South go down in the unequal contest, in a sea of

blood and smoking ruin." He was only one of two Southern senators (the other being John

Bell of Tennessee) to vote against the Kansas-Nebraska Act. He was even considered a

potential candidate for President of the United States. But, despite the fact that he was a

slave-owner, his strong Unionism and opposition to the extension of slavery alienated the

Texas legislature and other southern States.

Governor of Texas

Bust of Houston by Elisabet Ney.

He twice ran for governor of Texas as a Unionist, unsuccessfully in 1857, and successfully

against Hardin R. Runnels in 1859. When he was elected, it made him the only person in

U.S. history to be the governor of two different states, as well as the only governor to have

been a foreign head of state. Despite Houston's being a slave owner and against abolition,

he opposed the secession of Texas from the Union. In 1860, he offered the following

prediction: "Let me tell you what is coming. After the sacrifice of countless millions of

treasure and hundreds of thousands of lives you may win Southern independence, but I

doubt it. The North is determined to preserve this Union."[8]

Despite Houston's wishes, Texas seceded from the United States on February 1, 1861, and

joined the Confederate States of America on March 2, 1861. This act was soon branded

illegal by Houston, but the Texas legislature nevertheless upheld the legitimacy of

secession. The political forces that brought about Texas's secession also were powerful

enough to replace the state's Unionist governor. Houston chose not to resist, stating, "I love

Texas too well to bring civil strife and bloodshed upon her. To avert this calamity, I shall

make no endeavor to maintain my authority as Chief Executive of this State, except by the

peaceful exercise of my functions ... " He was evicted from his office on March 16, 1861,

for refusing to take an oath of loyalty to the Confederacy, writing,

"Fellow-Citizens, in the name of your rights and liberties, which I believe have been

trampled upon, I refuse to take this oath. In the name of the nationality of Texas, which has

been betrayed by the Convention, I refuse to take this oath. In the name of the Constitution

of Texas, I refuse to take this oath. In the name of my own conscience and manhood, which

this Convention would degrade by dragging me before it, to pander to the malice of my

enemies ... I refuse to take this oath."

He was replaced by Lieutenant Governor Edward Clark. To avoid more bloodshed in

Texas, Houston turned down U.S. Col. Frederick W. Lander's offer from President

Abraham Lincoln of 50,000 troops to prevent Texas's secession, stating in his response,

"Allow me to most respectfully decline any such assistance of the United States

Government."

Final years

Sam Houston's grave in Huntsville, Texas.

In 1854, Houston, having earlier made a profession of Christian faith, was baptized by the

Baptist minister, Rufus C. Burleson, who was later the president of Baylor College (later,

Baylor University). At the time Burleson was the pastor of the Independence, Texas,

Baptist Church in Washington County, which Houston and his wife attended.[9]

Houston

was also a close friend of another Baylor president and Burleson's predecessor as pastor at

the Independence church, the Reverend George Washington Baines, maternal great-

grandfather of Lyndon B. Johnson.

In 1862, Houston returned to Huntsville, Texas, and rented the Steamboat House; the hills

in Huntsville reminded him of his boyhood home near Maryville, Tennessee. Houston

continued to be an avid member of the Masonic Lodge, transferring his membership to

Forrest Lodge #19, in Huntsville. His health deteriorated quickly over the next few months

as he could not rid himself of a persistent cough. In mid-July, Houston was struck with a

severe chill, which developed into pneumonia. Despite the efforts of Drs. Markham and

Kittrell, on July 26, 1863, at 6:16 p.m., Houston died quietly in Steamboat House with his

wife Margaret by his side. His last recorded words were, "Texas. Texas. Margaret". The

inscription on his tomb reads:

A Brave Soldier. A Fearless Statesman.

A Great Orator – A Pure Patriot.

A Faithful Friend, A Loyal Citizen.

A Devoted Husband and Father.

A Consistent Christian – An Honest Man.

While Sam Houston is buried in Huntsville, Texas, his wife Margaret Lea is buried in the

City of Independence, Texas.

Monuments and museums

Sixty-seven foot tall Statue of Sam Houston in Huntsville, Texas.

Huntsville, Texas, is the home of the Sam Houston Memorial Museum, a 67 ft

(20 m) statue, Sam Houston State University, and Houston's gravesite. The statue

(which is the world's largest statue of an American hero, easily visible by motorists

traveling on Interstate 45) is the title and subject of a country music song by Merle

Haggard.

A bronze equestrian sculpture of Houston is located in Hermann Park in Houston,

Texas.

The Sam Houston Wayside near Lexington, Virginia, is a 38,000-pound piece of

Texas pink granite commemorating Houston's birthplace.

The Sam Houston Schoolhouse in Maryville, Tennessee, is Tennessee's oldest

schoolhouse. In addition to the schoolhouse there is a museum on the grounds.

USS Sam Houston, an Ethan Allen class submarine, was named after Houston.

The Sam Houston National Forest, one of four national forests in Texas, was named

after Houston. [1]

The Sam Houston Regional Library and Research Center, located outside of

Liberty, Texas has the largest known collection of photographs and illustrations of

Houston.

Fort Sam Houston in San Antonio, Texas, is named after Houston.

Many cities in the U.S. have a street, school, or park named for Houston; however,

New York City's Houston Street is not named after Sam Houston. Instead, it is

named after William Houstoun, and pronounced HOW-stin.

The State of Texas has placed a statue of Sam Houston inside Statuary Hall of the

United States Capitol.

The Sam Houston Coliseum in Houston, Texas, is named after Houston. The

Beatles performed there in 1965.

There is a mural depicting Sam Houston on a gas tank near State Hwy 225 in

Houston. [2]

Sam Houston Elementary School in Lebanon, TN.

A bust of Sam Houston is located inside the Virginia State Capitol Building in

Richmond, Virginia

Children

By Margaret Lea

1. Sam Houston, Jr., 1843-1894

2. Nancy Elizabeth, 1846-1920

3. Margaret Lea, 1848-1906

4. Mary William, 1850-1931

5. Antoinette Power, 1852-1932

6. Andrew Jackson Houston, 1854-1941 (U.S. Senator from Texas)

7. William Rogers Houston, 1858-1891

8. Temple Lea Houston, 1860-1905

Notes

1. ^ Neely, Jack. Knoxville's Secret History. Scruffy City Publishing, 1995.

2. ^ Samuel Houston from the Handbook of Texas Online

3. ^ Neely, Jack. Knoxville's Secret History. Scruffy City Publishing, 1995.

4. ^ Neely, Jack, Knoxville's Secret History, Scruffy City Publishing, 1995.

5. ^ a b c "Houston, Sam". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.

6. ^ "Lebanon, Tennessee: A Tour of Our City" (PDF). Lebanon/Wilson County Chamber of

Commerce. http://www.wilsoncountycvb.com/images/tour.pdf. Retrieved on February 5

2007.

7. ^ Holland Masonic Lodge - History page

8. ^ "James, Marquis. The Raven. Dunwoody, Georgia: Norman S. Berg, Publisher, by

arrangement with Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1929.".

http://www.graceproducts.com/houston/life.html. Retrieved on March 5, 2007.

9. ^ General Sam Houston - Texas State Historical Marker, Independence, Texas

References

The following are reference sources (alphabetical by author):

Andrew Jackson-His Life and Times; Brands, H.W.; Doubleday; ISBN 0-385-

50738-0.

The Texas Revolution; Brinkley, William, Texas A&M Press: ISBN 0-87611-041-3.

Sword of San Jacinto, Marshall De Bruhl, Random House: ISBN 0-394-57623-3.

Sam Houston, Haley, James L., University of Oklahoma Press: ISBN 0-8061-3644-

8.

The Raven: A Biography of Sam Houston; James, Marquis; University of Texas

Press: ISBN 0-292-77040-5.

The Eagle and the Raven; Michener, James A., State House Press: ISBN 0-938349-

57-0.

Further reading

Campbell, Randolph B.; Handlin, Oscar (1993), Sam Houston and the American

Southwest, HarperCollins, ISBN 9780065006889

De Bruhl, Marshall (1993), Sword of San Jacinto: A Life of Sam Houston, Random

House, ISBN 9780394576237

Haley, James L. (2004), Sam Houston, University of Oklahoma Press, ISBN

9780806136448

James, Marquis (1988), The Raven: A Biography of Sam Houston, University of

Texas Press, ISBN 9780292770409

Williams, John Hoyt (1993), Sam Houston: A Biography of the Father of Texas,

Simon & Schuster, ISBN 9780671746414

Williams, John Hoyt (1994), Sam Houston: The Life and Times of the Liberator of

Texas, an Authentic American Hero, Simon and Schuster, ISBN 9780671880712

External links

Sam Houston at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

Find more about Sam Houston on Wikipedia's sister projects:

Definitions from Wiktionary

Textbooks from Wikibooks

Quotations from Wikiquote

Source texts from Wikisource

Images and media from Commons

News stories from Wikinews

Learning resources from Wikiversity

Life of General Houston, 1793-1863 published 1891, hosted by the Portal to Texas

History.

Sam Houston ; David Crockett. published 1901, hosted by the Portal to Texas

History.

Samuel Houston from the Handbook of Texas Online

Sam Houston Memorial Museum

Sam Houston Memorial Museum Antiquities Collection From Texas Tides

Sam Houston's Obituary - The Tri Weekly Telegraph, Houston, Texas July 29, 1863

- TexasBob.com

Sam Houston Historic Schoolhouse in Maryville, TN USA

Tennessee Encyclopedia entry

Tennessee State Library & Archives, Papers of Governor Sam Houston, 1827-1829

Sam Houston Rode a Gray Horse

Houston Family Papers, 1836-1969 and undated, in the Southwest

Collection/Special Collections Library at Texas Tech University

United States House of Representatives

Preceded by

(none)

Member of the U.S. House of Representatives

from Tennessee's 7th congressional district March 4, 1823 – March 3, 1827

Succeeded by

John Bell

Political offices

Preceded by

William Carroll

Governor of Tennessee 1827–1829

Succeeded by

William Hall

Preceded by

David G. Burnet

(ad interim)

President of the Republic of Texas 1836–1838

Succeeded by

Mirabeau B. Lamar

Preceded by

Mirabeau B. Lamar

President of the Republic of Texas 1841–1844

Succeeded by

Anson Jones

Preceded by

Hardin R. Runnels

Governor of Texas 1859–1861

Succeeded by

Edward Clark

United States Senate

Preceded by

None

United States Senator (Class 2) from Texas February 21, 1846 – March 3, 1859

Served alongside: Thomas J. Rusk, J. Pinckney

Henderson and Matthias Ward

Succeeded by

John Hemphill

v • d • e

United States Senators from Texas

Class 1

Rusk • Henderson • Ward • Wigfall • Flanagan • Maxey • Reagan

• Chilton • Mills • Culberson • Mayfield • Connally • Daniel •

Blakley • Yarborough • Bentsen • Krueger • Hutchison

Class 2

S. Houston • Hemphill • Hamilton • Coke • Chilton • Bailey •

Johnston • Sheppard • A. Houston • O'Daniel • Johnson • Blakley

• Tower • Gramm • Cornyn

v • d • e

Governors of Tennessee

Sevier · Roane · Sevier · Blount · McMinn · Carroll · Houston · Hall ·

Carroll · Cannon · Polk · Jones · A Brown · N Brown · Trousdale ·

Campbell · Johnson · Harris · Johnson · East · Brownlow · Senter · J

Brown · Porter · Marks · Hawkins · Bate · R Taylor · Buchanan · Turney ·

R Taylor · McMillin · Frazier · Cox · Patterson · Hooper · Rye · Roberts ·

A Taylor · Peay · Horton · McAlister · Browning · Cooper · McCord ·

Browning · Clement · Ellington · Clement · Ellington · Dunn · Blanton ·

Alexander · McWherter · Sundquist · Bredesen

v • d • e

Presidents of the Republic of Texas

Burnet (interim) • Houston • Lamar • Houston • Jones

v • d • e

Governors and Lieutenant Governors of Texas

Governors

J. P. Henderson · Wood · Bell · J. W. Henderson · Pease ·

Runnels · Houston · Clark · Lubbock · Murrah ·

Hamilton · Throckmorton · Pease · Davis · Coke ·

Hubbard · Roberts · Ireland · Ross · Hogg · Culberson ·

Sayers · Lanham · Campbell · Colquitt · J. Ferguson ·

Hobby · Neff · M. Ferguson · Moody · Sterling · M.

Ferguson · Allred · O'Daniel · Stevenson · Jester ·

Shivers · Daniel · Connally · Smith · Briscoe · Clements ·

White · Clements · Richards · Bush · Perry

Lieutenant

Governors

Horton · Greer · Henderson · Dickson · Runnels ·

Lubbock · Clark · Crockett · Stockdale · Jones · J.W.

Flanagan · Campbell · D.W. Flanagan · Fountain ·

Pickett · Hubbard · Sayers · Storey · Martin · Gibbs ·

Wheeler · Pendleton · Crane · Jester · Browning · Neal ·

A.B. Davidson · Mayes · Hobby, Sr. · Johnson · L.

Davidson · T.W. Davidson · Miller · Witt · Woodul ·

Stevenson · J.L. Smith · Shivers · Ramsey · P. Smith ·

Barnes · Hobby, Jr. · Bullock · Perry · Ratliff · Dewhurst

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Houston"

Categories: 1793 births | 1863 deaths | Baptists from the United States | Governors of

Tennessee | Governors of Texas | People of Texas in the American Civil War | People of

the Creek War | People of the Texas Revolution | Presidents of the Republic of Texas |

Scots-Irish Americans | Tennessee lawyers | United States presidential candidates, 1860 |

United States Senators from Texas | United States Senators of a third party | American

people of the War of 1812 | Political violence in the United States | People from

Rockbridge County, Virginia | People from Knoxville, Tennessee