Sampo Group...• Personal Risk insurance • Group pension & Reward Services • The leading...
Transcript of Sampo Group...• Personal Risk insurance • Group pension & Reward Services • The leading...
Sampo Group Debt Investor Presentation
Prepared February 10, 2017Figures December 31, 2016
DEBT INVESTOR CONTACTS
Markku Pehkonen, CROtel. +358 10 516 [email protected]
Peter Johansson, CFOtel. +358 10 516 [email protected]
Jarmo Salonen, Head of Investor Relations and Group Communicationstel. +358 10 516 [email protected]
FINANCIAL CALENDAR 2017
08/02/2017 Financial Statement Release for 2016Silent period 09/01/2017-08/02/2017
Week 12 Annual Report 201627/04/2017 AGM11/05/2017 Interim Statement Q1/2017
Silent period 11/04/2017-11/05/2017
09/08/2017 Half-year report 2017Silent period 10/07/2017-09/08/2017
02/11/2017 Interim Statement Q1-Q3/2017Silent period 03/10/2017-02/11/2017
Issuer Rating Moody's Standard and Poor's
Rating Outlook Rating Outlook
Sampo plc Baa1 Stable A- Stable
If P&C Insurance (Sweden) A1 Stable A+ Stable
If P&C Insurance Co. (Finland) A1 Stable A+ Stable
Disclaimer
This presentation may contain forward-looking statements that reflect management’s current views with respect to certain future events and potential financial performance. Although Sampo believes that the expectations reflected in such forward looking statements are reasonable, no assurance can be given that such expectations will prove to have been correct. Accordingly, results could differ materially from those set out in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors.Important factors that may cause such a difference for Sampo include, but are not limited to: (i) the macroeconomic development,(ii) change in the competitive climate and (iii) developments in capital markets.This presentation does not imply that Sampo has undertaken to revise these forward-looking statements, beyond what is required by applicable law or applicable stock exchange regulations if and when circumstances arise that will lead to changes compared to the date when these statements were provided.
2
10-Feb-17
Mission Value Creation in the Nordic Financials 3-10
If P&C The Leading Nordic P&C Insurer 11-18Mandatum Life A Finnish Financial Services Company 19-25Sampo Group A Diversified Business Portfolio with Strong Capitalization 26-36Sampo plc Parent Company with Capacity to Generate Funds 37-43Outlook Sampo Group Outlook 2017 44-45Appendix Separate Supplementary Information 46-57 3
10-Feb-17
• Listed company Sampo plc• Long-term investor
• Manager of capital structure and liquidity• Pay-out ratio ≥ 50%
Nordic Financial Group with Strong Brands
Sampo Group ― Value creation in the Nordic financials
MARKET
POSITION
STRATEGY
INVESTMENT
ASSETS
RETURN /
PROFIT
TARGET
21.2%
• The leading P&C insurerin the Nordic region
• Focus on customer value• Most professional &
innovative people• Stable profitability• Underwriting excellence• Operational efficiency
~ EUR 12.2bn
• RoE above 17.5%• CR% below 95%
>40% 100%
• The largest financialservices group inthe Northern Europe
• Simplification• Cost & capital efficiency• One operating model• Compliance• Digital Offering
~ B/S EUR 616bn~ AuM EUR 323bn
• ROE above the Nordicpeer average
• The second largest P&C insurer in Denmark
• Customer satisfaction• Pricing• Efficiency• Distribution power
• Share buy-back
~ EUR 2.6bn P&C
• Profit margin of 10%• CR% 91%
• Unit-linked products• Wealth management• Personal Risk insurance • Group pension &
Reward Services
• The leading provider ofcover against health andLife risks, well-respected manager of customer wealth
~ EUR 6.6bn
• RoE above 17.5%
100%
4
10-Feb-17
Sampo Group Steering Model and Principles
• Three separate and independent business areas, and Parent Company acting
merely as a Portfolio Manager
• General Principles of Business activities
– Straightforward and transparent legal structure combined with limited
intragroup exposures
– Clear responsibilities
– Simple and flat operational structures
• Parent company gives guidance to the subsidiaries by setting
– Targets for their capitalization and return on equity (RoE)
– Group-wide principles for Risk Management, Remuneration, Compliance,
Code of Conduct
• Subsidiaries organize underwriting activities independently taking into account
– The specific characteristics of their operations
– The above guidance from the parent company
– The stakeholders’ expectations and external regulations5
Sampo Group ― Value creation in the Nordic financials
10-Feb-17
• If generated EUR 883m (960) in pre-tax profits
• Excellent combined ratio of 84.4% (85.4)
– Risk ratio 62.3% (66.6)
– Cost ratio 22.1% (18.8)
– Expense ratio 16.6% (13.0)
• Resilient business model over the cycle
If P&C Well-diversified and Profitable
Pan-Nordic Non-life Insurer
Well-established Insurance Subsidiaries
• Mandatum Life is a leading life and pension
insurer in Finland
• Mandatum has a strong market position in Finland
with ca.20% of the market
• Mandatum contributed with EUR 210m (181) in
pre-tax profit to the Group
Mandatum Life Respected Finnish Expert in
Wealth Management, Investments, Rewards and Risk Insurance
6
• If P&C provides insurance solutions and services in the Nordic and Baltic regionsas well as to Nordic customers with international operations.
• Business activities areoperated on a pan-Nordic basis.
• The business is divided into customer segments Private, Commercial and Industrial.The Baltic countries comprisea separate business area.
• Mandatum Life Provides a comprehensive range of services in Finland and Baltics for private and corporate customers.
• Services provided‒ Wealth management‒ Savings‒ Personal risk insurance‒ Pension and incentive &
reward services.
Sampo Group ― Value creation in the Nordic financials
10-Feb-17
Nordea ‒ Diversified and Stable Nordic Bank
17 24 36 55
74
131
Nordea Peer 4Peer 3Peer 1 Peer 5Peer 2
Nordea and Peers 2006-Q3/2016Quarterly net profit volatility,%
7
Sampo Group ― Value creation in the Nordic financials
Country Retail Customers
Corporates &
Institutions
Relationships,
million
Market
Position
Market
Position
Sweden 4.1 2-3 1-2
Norway 1 2 2
Finland 3.2 1-2 1
Denmark 1.8 2 1-2
Nordic Total 10.1 (10.5*) 1 1
Baltics** 406,700
Russia** 67,000
* including the Baltics and Russia
** including Retail, corporate & institutional customers
Nordea’s market position
10-Feb-17
Source: nordea.com
Topdanmark ‒ Insurer with a Robust Business Model
8
Sampo Group ― Value creation in the Nordic financials
10-Feb-17
Value Creation in the Nordic Financialsas Group StrategyLONG-TERM VALUE CREATION
• Value creation through investments in Nordic financials based on knowledge of Nordic markets, Nordic financial institutions & Nordic people.
• Commitment to the long-term development of affiliated companies.
OPERATIONAL EXCELLENCE IN SUBSIDIARIES
• Subsidiaries have focus on continuous development of services.• Economies of scale.• Pan-Nordic diversification & operational excellence facilitate low volatility.
CONSERVATIVE PARENT WITH PROFIT FOCUS
• Conservative capital structure, low leverage and strong liquidity.• Parent company steers subsidiaries through Boards by approving (in Nordea
and Topdanmark by contributing to) strategies, guiding principles and ROE targets.
GROUP LEVEL PORTFOLIO BENEFITS
• Profitable companies, mostly with the lowest volatility in the peer group.• Profits of affiliated companies have low correlation creating diversification
benefits at the Group level.
LONG-TERM VALUE
FOR SHAREHOLDERS & BONDHOLDERS
CENTRALIZEDINVESTMENT MANAGEMENT
• Company specific liabilities and solvency driving risk profiles, supported bya Group-wide investment philosophy. Common investment infrastructure facilitates effective monitoring and fast actions, also at the Group level.
9
Sampo Group ― Value creation in the Nordic financials
10-Feb-17
45.5
30.3
26.5
26.5
25.1
24.1
22.5
17.0
7.9
5.1
5.0
4.5
2.5
2.3
1.2
0.7
0.5
0 10 20 30 40 50
Nordea
Danske
SHB
Swedbank
DNB
Sampo
SEB
Investor
Gjensidige
Industrivärden
Tryg
Jyske
Storebrand
Topdanmark
Alm.Brand
Protector
Aktia
Efficient and Stable Operations as Basis for Value
Source: Thomson Reuters
>40%
Sampo ownership structure
*100% owned by the Republic of Finland; 30.12.2016
Market cap January 30, 2017, EURbn
Strong relative performance
10Y Total Shareholder Return
A Mixed Financial Conglomerate
Bank
Insurance
Investment company
Foreign and Nominee registered 60.95%
Solidium 11.90%*
Varma Mutual Pension Ins.Co. 6.35%
Björn Wahlroos 2.10%
The State Pension Fund 0.68
Ilmarinen Mutual Pension Ins.Co. 0.67%
Other domestic owners 17.35%10
>21%
Sampo Group ― Value creation in the Nordic financials
10-Feb-17
Mission Value Creation in the Nordic Financials 3-10
If P&C The Leading Nordic P&C Insurer 11-18
Mandatum Life A Finnish Financial Services Company 19-25Sampo Group A Diversified Business Portfolio with Strong Capitalization 26-36Sampo plc Parent Company with Capacity to Generate Funds 37-43 Outlook Sampo Group Outlook 2017 44-45Appendix Separate Supplementary Information 46-57 11
10-Feb-17
Expense Ratios 2015, %
Leading Nordic P&C Insurer with Synergies
Norway 2015
Gjensidige 25%
If 22%
Tryg 14%
Sparebank 1 10%
Denmark 2015
Tryg 18%
Topdanmark 17%
Codan (RSA) 11%
Alm. Brand 10%
If 6%
Finland 2015
Pohjola 32%
LähiTapiola 25%
If 24%
Fennia 10%Sweden 2015
LF 30%
If 18%
RSA (T-H) 14%
Folksam 16%
Baltics 2015
PZU 24%
If 14%
BTA 12%
Ergo 12%
Gjensidige 7%
Market Shares by Country
If17%
Topdanmark5%
Tryg9%
Gjensidige8%
RSA9%
LF10%
Folksam5%
Pohjola6%
LähiTapiola4%
Other27%
16.6
16.5
27.3
31.7
26.1
28.4
20.2
30.1
If P&C 2016
Nordic peer group
Generali
Zürich
AXA
Allianz
RSA Scandinavia
Aviva
If P&C
Nordic Market Shares
12
Total GWP ~EUR 25bn
10-Feb-17
Nordic P&C Insurance Market
CONSOLIDATED MARKET
LOW EXPENSE RATIOS
• In addition to the traditional channels, Internet continues to grow in importance both as a distribution and as a service channel.
• Also, distribution via partnerships with banks and car-dealers etc.is increasingly important.
GOOD PROFITABILITY
• The Nordic P&C market has generally experienced good profitability. The low interest rate environment and hence the low return on investments has made the industry to focus on profitability in the insurance operations.
• Renewal rates are around 80-90%.LOYAL CLIENTS
DISTRIBUTION
• The market is characterized by low expense ratios in the range of 15-20%. European competitors' expense ratios are usually considerably higher.
• The four largest companies account for 75-90% of the markets in Norway, Finland and Sweden. In Denmark the market is less consolidated.
If P&C
13
10-Feb-17
By Business Area By Country
Private, 431, 65%
Commercial, 155, 24%
Industrial, 43, 7%
Baltic, 13, 2%
Other, 16, 2%
Technical Results, EUR 658m
Norway, 216 , 33%
Sweden, 247 , 38%
Finland , 147 , 22%
Denmark, 18 , 3%
Baltic, 13, 2%
Other, 16 , 2%
Gross Written Premiums, EUR 4,458m
By Business Area By Country
Private, 2633, 59%
Commercial, 1166, 26%
Industrial, 528, 12%
Baltic, 131, 3%
Norway, 1,334 , 30%
Sweden, 1,599 , 36%
Finland , 987 , 22%
Denmark, 407 , 9%
Baltic, 131, 3%
If P&C
Diversified Client Base
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10-Feb-17
If- Total If Sweden If NorwayIf Finland If Denmark
Geographical Diversification in CR
Combined Ratio ‒ If P&C and Nordic Peers
Combined Ratio Development
Standard deviation 2008-2015
2.7%
4.4%
4.7%
3.7%
3.5%
66.2
65.9
66.9
68.1
68.0
69.1
68.4
65.9
65.4
65.1
66.6
62.3
24.3
24.0
23.7
23.7
24.1
23.7
23.5
23.0
22.8
22.5
18.8
22.1
90
.5
89
.9
90
.6
91
.8
92
.1
92
.8
92
.0
88
.9
88
.1
87
.7
85
.4
84
.4
0
20
40
60
80
100
%
Risk ratio Cost ratio Target CR
If P&C
92.1 92.8 92
88.9 88.1 87.785.4
93
96.1 95.2
90.7 90.688.3 88.2
80
85
90
95
100
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015If P&C Nordic Market (incl.If)
Disciplined Underwriting and Diversification work
15
%
10-Feb-17
Conservative Investment Portfolio
• Duration 1.4 years• Average Maturity 2.8 years• Fixed Income Running Yield 1.7%
Mark-to-Market Investment Return, %Investment Allocation
4.3%5.8%
4.4%2.6%
-3.1%
12.4%
7.4%
1.8%
6.1%5.0%
4.1%1.5%
2.9%
-4%
-2%
1%
4%
6%
9%
11%
14%
200
4
200
5
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
2
201
3
201
4
201
5
201
6
Mark-to-Market Investment Return, EURm
821
113
689558
459
190334
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
16
Total EUR 12.2bn
If P&C
Money market 8%
Public sector 10%
Other fixed
income69%
Equities13%
Private equity 0.2 %
Real Estate0.2 %
Other-0.03%
10-Feb-17
Strong & Stable Annual Profit Development
800730
534 549
644707
636
864929 931 960
883
-267
1,127
943
308
978
689
526
624
714
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Profit before tax
Comprehensive income
EURm
If P&C
17
10-Feb-17
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350Technical result Investment result Operating result
Seasonality in Quarterly Results and CR%
Q4 Q3 Q2 Q1Average Quarterly CR%, 2006-2016 89.5 88.3 87.9 92.2Year 2015 CR% 87.7 83.8 80.9 89.2
Year 2016 CR% 85.6 84.6 84.5 83.0*
If P&C
EURm
18
* incl. positive one-off10-Feb-17
Mission Value Creation in the Nordic Financials 3-10
If P&C The Leading Nordic P&C Insurer 11-18Mandatum Life A Finnish Financial Services Company 19-25
Sampo Group A Diversified Business Portfolio with Strong Capitalization 26-36Sampo plc Parent Company with Capacity to Generate Funds 37-43 Outlook Sampo Group Outlook 2017 44-45Appendix Separate Supplementary Information 46-57 19
10-Feb-17
Finnish Life Insurer with Wealth Management Focus
Client
Segment
Underlying
Market
Critical Success Factors Sales &
Client
Services
CorporateCustomers
EmployeeBenefit
• Expertise in Rewards and Incentives, Pension & Risk Life Solutions and Asset Management
Mandatum Life
HNWI WealthManagement
• Professional Wealth Management• Management of Client Relationships
Mandatum Life
PrivateCustomers
Savings and Insurance Products
• Efficient Distribution Mandatum LifeDanske Bank*(Sales agreement to beterminated)
Mandatum Life
Cro
ss-s
elli
ng
20
*Mandatum life has ended distribution agreement and decided to exercise its option to sell the insurance portfolio to Danske Bank. The portfolio has been distributed through Danske Bank's branch network in Finland. The portfolio is expected to be transferred to Danske Bank at earliest 31.12.2017.The portfolio consists of more than 150,000 policies and the technical reserves related to the portfolio amounted to EUR 3,202 million at the end of 2016. The portfolio contains almost exclusively unit-linked and loan insurance products. The amount of with-profit technical reserves is EUR 210 million. The portfolio is treated as Assets held for sale in the balance sheet for 2016.
10-Feb-17
Premiums Written, total EUR 1,119m Insurance Savings, total EUR 10,385m
343
131472
2767
76
2
Unit-linked life Unit-linked pension Unit-linked capital redemptionUnit-linked Baltic Other life Other pensionOther capital redemption Other Baltic
2,346
1,956
1,977161
179
3,721
28 17
Mandatum Life Business Volumes
U-LEUR 6,439m
With-ProfitEUR 3,945
U-L EUR 974m
With-ProfitEUR 145m
4,652 4,626 4,738 4,695 4,621 4,487 4,431 4,410 4,249 4,071 3,927 5,065 5,014 4,821
607 884 1,262 1,752 2,071 1,637 2,359 3,124 3,054 3,833 4,6165,312 5,858 6,440
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Guaranteed interest rates Unit-linked
Technical Provisions, EUR 11,261m
EU
Rm
Mandatum Life
21
10-Feb-17
Finnish With-Profit Life Insurance Market
PRINCIPLE OF FAIRNESS
• There is no exact rule on profit sharing (e.g. 90%/10%). • In the current markets, the principle in ML is reflected in policyholdersʼ
reasonable expectations for total accrual, which is an average annual yield of Finnish government bonds over time.
SMOOTHENED BONUSES AND DIVIDENDS OVER TIME
• When company decides on bonuses and dividends, it takes into account (i) policyholders' reasonable expectations, (ii) realized investment returns and current solvency and (iii) uncertainty aboutthe future market environment => Bonuses and dividends can be smoothened over time.
BETTER POSITION FOR RISK TAKING BENEFITS STAKEHOLDERS
• Finnish Profit sharing mechanism facilitates and encourages for active investment strategies and risk taking.
• Profit sharing mechanism has benefited both policyholders and shareholders over the years.
Mandatum Life
22
10-Feb-17
Investment Portfolio covering With-Profit liabilities
Mark-to-Market Investment Return, %Investment Allocation
8.3%
12.0%9.7%
5.0%
-7.8%
16.8%
11.1%
-1.4%
9.4%
7.1%
4.6%
6.9%6.70%
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
Mandatum Life
615
-59
504391
251
427 440
-1000
100200300400500600700
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
23
• Duration 2.0 years• Average Maturity 2.7 years• Fixed Income Running Yield 2.6%
Mark-to-Market Investment Return, EURm
10-Feb-17
Asset Allocation 31.12.2016, 6 582 EURm
Money Market
Securities and Cash
13 %
Government Bonds1 %
Credit Bonds,
Funds and Loans46%
Policy Loans0 %
Listed Equity26%
Real Estate4 %
Private Equity4 %
Unlisted Equity
0%
Biometric0 %
Commodities0 %
Other Alternative
5 %
Trading Derivatives
0 %
Profit Development
295342
140 121142 137 136 153 163 181
210
286
80
-378
495
332
-115
286
220
149 168
232
-500
-250
0
250
500
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
EURm
Profit before taxes
Comprehensive income
Mandatum Life
24
10-Feb-17
Mandatum Life Profit by Components
Total expense ratio, % 98.7 98.4
Incl. kick backs, % 80.5 80.3
EURm 2016 2015
Net investment income 634.4 632.0
- Transferred to expense result -24.6 -25.0
- Return on Unit-linked policies -276.0 -238.8
- Return on With-profit policies* -176.1 -260.9
INVESTMENT RESULT 157.6 107.3
EXPENSE RESULT** 24.1 25.0
RISK RESULT 31.3 33.0
OTHERS -3.5 15.4
PROFIT BEFORE TAXES 209.6 180.7
Change in the market value of investments 82.2 32.5
PROFIT AT MARKET VALUES 291.8 213.2
Mandatum Life Group, expense ratio
Mandatum Life
* Includes guaranteed interest, bonuses and change in the reserves of the above items** Result of Unit-linked business EUR 20.5 million
25
10-Feb-17
Mission Value Creation in the Nordic Financials 3-10
If P&C The Leading Nordic P&C Insurer 11-18Mandatum Life A Finnish Financial Services Company 19-25Sampo Group A Diversified Business Portfolio with Strong Capitalization 26-36
Sampo plc Parent Company with Capacity to Generate Funds 37-43Outlook Sampo Group Outlook 2017 44-45Appendix Separate Supplementary Information 46-57 26
10-Feb-17
• Geographical diversification
• Strong Retail P&C Franchise
• Several Lines of Businesses
- Motor, Cargo
- Workersʼ compensation
- Liability
- Accident
- Property
• Low C/R volatility and Conservative Investments
Diversified Companies & Diversified Portfolio*
• Geographical diversification
• Strong Retail Banking Franchise
• Diversified earnings base:
- Banking (Retail, Wholesale)
- Wealth Management (AssetManagement, Private Banking, Life & Pensions)
• Low earnings volatility & stableROE over the cycle
• Finland & Baltics
• Strong Finnish Position
• Product areas
- Wealth Management
- Unit-linked Business
- With-profit Business
- Remuneration services
- Risk insurance
• Dependency on Capital Markets
* Correlations of quarterly Reported Profits Q1/2005–Q4/2016
PBT 2010-16
IF 45%ML 10%Nordea 45%
P/L CONTRIBUTIONS
27
LOW VOLATILITY EARNINGS LOW VOLATILITY C/R FOCUS ON U-L & WM
0.29
0.14
1
0.85 1
1
Sampo Group
10-Feb-17
948
1,295 1,353
870 825
1,3201,228
1,6161,668
1,7591,888 1,871
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
2,200
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
P&C Life Banking Other
Steady Development of Profit before Taxes
* One-off item – sale of Sampo Bank
EURm
*
• If P&C
• Mandatum Life
• Sampo Bank
• If P&C
• Mandatum
Life
• Nordea /
Investment
• If P&C
• Topdanmark / Associated
• Mandatum Life
• Nordea / Associated
Sampo Group
3,833
28
10-Feb-17
Different Risk Profiles of Investments
Sampo Group
29
10-Feb-17
Total Group (MEUR)19,615 18,844 19,652 20,708
03/16 06/16 09/16 12/16
Money Market 6% 5% 72% 7% 9% 48% 11% 10% 43% 8% 13% 75%
Long-Term Fixed Income 80% 54% 17% 81% 51% 41% 76% 49% 45% 79% 47% 20%
Equity 13% 26% 10% 12% 26% 8% 12% 27% 9% 13% 26% 5%
Private Equity 0% 4% 0% 0% 4% 0% 0% 4% 0% 0% 4% 0%
Other 0% 11% 1% 0% 10% 2% 0% 10% 2% 0% 10% 1%
11,092
6,450
2,073
11,517
6,448
879
12,305
6,569
778
12,192
6,582
1,933
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000If
P&
C
Man
datu
mLife
Sam
po
Plc If
P&
C
Man
datu
mLife
Sam
po
Plc If
P&
C
Man
datu
mLife
Sam
po
Plc If
P&
C
Man
datu
mLife
Sam
po
Plc
Investments & Counterparty Exposures*
* In Exposure tables the calculation rules may differ slightly from Allocation tables in some areas.
Sampo Group
30
10-Feb-17
31.12.2016AAA
AA+ -
AA-
A+ -
A-
BBB+ -
BBB-
BB+ -
CD
Non
Rated
Fixed Income
TotalEquities Other
Derivatives
(Counter-
party Risk)Total
Change
from
30.9.2016
Basic Industry - - 20 40 107 - 72 239 191 - - 429 - 20
Capital Goods - 32 103 55 5 - 90 285 685 - - 970 - 20
Consumer Products - 176 311 271 78 - 74 909 643 - - 1,553 + 18
Energy - 78 115 - 55 - 239 487 15 0 - 502 + 78
Financial Institutions - 3,128 2,561 959 106 - 38 6,793 98 1 24 6,917 + 823
Governments 141 - - - - - - 118 - - - 118 + 0
Government Guaranteed 78 78 - - - - - 179 - - - 179 + 23
Health Care 7 15 66 34 45 - 59 225 107 - - 332 - 18
Insurance - - 42 110 4 - 100 256 3 37 - 295 + 15
Media - - 11 - 12 - 54 77 - - - 77 - 12
Packaging - - - - 61 - 12 73 1 - - 74 - 1
Public Sector, other 781 198 44 - - - - 1,022 - - - 1,022 - 19
Real Estate - 6 58 58 - - 541 663 - 253 - 916 + 127
Services - - 0 93 168 - 79 340 109 0 - 449 + 73
Technology and Electronics 4 44 36 30 7 - 58 178 158 - - 336 + 14
Telecommunications - - 87 43 40 0 58 228 90 0 - 318 + 15
Transportation - 107 51 57 23 - 169 407 35 - - 442 + 45
Utilities - 2 1 467 75 - 62 607 - - - 607 + 30
Others - 15 - - 19 - 2 36 0 59 - 96 + 4
Asset-backed Securities - - - - - - - - - - - - + 0
Covered Bonds 3,027 107 - 11 - - - 3,145 - - - 3,145 - 16
Funds - - - - - - 108 108 1,217 622 - 1,946 - 97
Clearing House - - - - - - - - - - 5 5 + 5
Total 4,038 3,986 3,505 2,228 805 0 1,813 16,375 3,351 973 29 20,727 + 1,068
Change from 30.9.2016 - 12 + 678 + 253 + 22 + 64 + 0 + 84 + 1,088 - 37 - 9 + 26 + 1,068 EURm
Principles of Capital Management
1. Sub-Groups are adequately capitalized to ensure normal business
operations
2. At Group level the following issues are managed/monitored
– Direct risk concentrations
– Correlations of the sub-groupsʼ profits
– Sub-groups do not cross-capitalize each others, parent is the source of capital
– The funds generating capacity of the parent company is maintained by having low leverage and adequate liquidity buffers in normal situations
1 +2 => Sampo Group is well-capitalized
31
Sampo Group
10-Feb-17
EURm
819
1,4
94
250
949
179 211
1,5
81
3,8
55
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
1,4
33
1,0
29
91
477
179 3121,9
42
3,8
22
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
Internally assessed Solvency ratio 244%Standard Formula Solvency Ratio 197%
LAC = Loss Absorbing Capacity, DT = Deferred Taxes, SCR= Solvency Capital Requirement
EURm
32
S&P TTC for A rating 2,967 S&P TTC for A rating 2,967
If P&C Solvency Capital Requirement, December 31, 2016
Sampo Group
10-Feb-17
1,324
59
392285
38 51
295
1,182
295
1,893
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
Mandatum Life – Solvency II Capital Requirement (SCR)With Transitional Measures, December 31, 2016
LAC = Loss Absorbing Capacity, TP = Technical Provision, DT = Deferred Taxes
*
* Own Funds without transitional measures EUR 1,441m
EURm SF with Transitional Measures Solvency ratio 160%
33
Sampo Group
10-Feb-17
Mandatum Life Technical Provisions Forecast
34
EURm
Sampo Group
10-Feb-17
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
WP-liabilities (4.5% guarantee) WP-liabilities (3.5% guarantee)
Segregated Group Pension Other WP-liabilities
• Liabilities with highest guarantees (3.5 and 4.5%) decreasingand expected to be EUR 2.0 bn in 2022 (Equity transitional) and EUR 1.0 bn in 2031 (Liability transitional)
�SCR trend expected to be decreasing and Own Funds trendwithout transitional measures on technical provision expectedto be increasing � positive Solvency II trend expected.
Calculation of Sampo Group Solvency
Group Solvency Capital:
– Under FICOD rules, capital is Group equity with some additional items added or deducted (subordinated loans, deferred tax assets, planned dividends…)
– Under SII rules capital – referred to as Own funds (OF) – consists mainly of excess of assets
over liabilities
– Under normal circumstances Group OF by Solvency II and FICOD rules are close to each other
SCR by Financial Conglomerate Rules:
– The Group’s SCR is the sum of the separate sub-groups’ requirements (sectoral rules)
– Banking rules are applied for the parent company
– No diversification effect between the companies
SCR by Solvency II rules:
– One capital requirement is calculated for the insurance group including the parent company Sampo plc, If P&C and Mandatum Life. This includes diversification effects and also capital requirement for the translation risk related to SEK denominated equity of If P&C
– Nordea’s and Topdanmark’s capital requirements are added to the requirement
– The SII SCR takes into account diversification only within the insurance group
=> Sampo Group Solvency Ratios are not comparable with most Insurance Groupsʼ solvency ratios35
Sampo Group
10-Feb-17
1,942
1,182247
3,668
50
7,088
10,937
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
If P&C (SF*) MandatumLife (SCR**)
Topdanmark Sampo plc'sshare ofNordea
Sampo plc Total capitalrequirement
GroupSolvencyCapital
Group Solvency Capital by Financial Conglomerates Rules December 31, 2016
EURmGroup solvency ratio 154% / SII Standard Formula applied for Insurance Subsidiaries
36
*) Standard formula, **) SCR with transition rules
Sampo Group
10-Feb-17
Mission Value Creation in the Nordic Financials 3-10
If P&C The Leading Nordic P&C Insurer 11-18Mandatum Life A Finnish Financial Services Company 19-25Sampo Group A Diversified Business Portfolio with Strong Capitalization 26-36Sampo plc Parent Company with Capacity to Generate Funds 37-43
Outlook Sampo Group Outlook 2017 44-45 Appendix Separate Supplementary Information 46-57 37
10-Feb-17
Simple Cash Flows, low leverage and adequate liquidity
Dividends • If P&C• Mandatum Life• Nordea
• Internal Administration Costs
• Discretionary Dividends for Shareholders• Interest Expenses for Bondholders
Income• Interest on Liquidity • Income from other
investments
Sampo plc
Assets 11,196 Liabilities 11,196
Liquidity 1,439 CPs Issued 671
Investment assets 179 LT Senior Debt 2,877
- Real Estate 2 - Private Placements 132
- Fixed Income 28 - Bonds Issued 2,745
- Equity & Private Equity
148 - Pension Insurance Loans
Subordinated Loans 637 Subordinated Debt 0
Equity Holdings 8,900 Capital 7,549
- Subsidiaries 2,370 - Undistributable 98
- Associated 6,530 - Distributable 7,451
Other Assets 41 Other Liabilities 99
Flow of Funds Balance Sheet, EURm
Key Credit Metrics well in Single A range
Sampo plc 31.12.2016Gross Debt, EURm 3,548Gross Debt to Equity 47%Financial Leverage 32% (= Debt/(Debt+Equity)
Sampo Group, EURm Q4/2016 Q4/2015
Shareholders' Equity 11,934 11,411
Hybrid Bonds 218 10 Senior Debt 3,548 2,302Financial leverage 29.2% 20.2%
38
Sampo plc
10-Feb-17
Liquid Investments as Buffer
39
Sampo plc
Instrument & Principal Running Yield Call/ Maturity
Mandatum Capital Loan 100m€ 4.57% Every year
IF PerpNC5.5 90m€ 4.71% 26.11.2018
IF 30NC10 99m€ 6.07% 08.12.2021
Nordea AT1 PerpNC5 171m$ 5.95% 23.9.2019
Nordea AT1 PerpNC5 98m$ 6.48% 13.9.2021
Topdanmark Tier1 33m€ 5.96% 15.9.2017
Topdanmark 10NC5 135mDKK 2.92% 11.12.2020
Topdanmark 10NC5.5 270mDKK 2.50% 11.6.2021
Hybrids (MV) 637m€ ≈ 5.30%
Cash / Other FI 1,467m€
Other Investments 151m€
TOTAL * 2,255m€
• In case subordinated loans are sold, both liquidity and Own Funds are generated• This buffer of liquidity and Own Funds comes with positive interest margin
* Before dividend payments
10-Feb-17
Sampo Group ―Conservative Leverage
-4,000
-2,000
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
Q1/0
5
Q1/0
6
Q1/0
7
Q1/0
8
Q1/0
9
Q1/1
0
Q1/1
1
Q1/1
2
Q1/1
3
Q1/1
4
Q1/1
5
Q1/1
6
Q1/1
7
Sampo plc Net debt
Group NAV
Group Equity
EURm
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Q1/0
5
Q1/0
6
Q1/0
7
Q1/0
8
Q1/0
9
Q1/1
0
Q1/1
1
Q1/1
2
Q1/1
3
Q1/1
4
Q1/1
5
Q1/1
6
Q1/1
7
Net debt/NAV
40
• ”Loan-To-Values” based on above figures is low• Parent Companyʼs Financial Leverage is 32%
=> Sampoʼs position to refinance its debt is strong
Sampo plc
10-Feb-17
Dividends Received by Payment Year
EURm
249
1,031
519
181
488 540406
544 490597 587 586
293
100
300
200
200
100100
100 100
125
125
141
75
35
13080
204 250 224293
370533
551
559
490
1,406
754
511568
744756 768
883
1,067
1,220
1,555
684
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017**
If P&C
If P&C Extra Dividend
Mandatum Life
Nordea
Sampo plc
Sampo Bank 2005-2006, Nordea 2007->
41
10-Feb-17
*
*) If P&C made a sales gain in connection to the mandatory offer on Topdanmark shares and paid an extra SEK 2.8 billion (EUR 293 million) dividend to Sampo plc on 22 September 2016. In December 2016 If P&C paid a normal dividend of SEK 5.8 billion to Sampo plc.
**) On 26 January 2017 Nordea Bank AB’s Board of Directors proposed to the Annual General meeting to be held on 16 March 2017, a dividend of EUR 0.65 per share. With its current holding Sampo plc’s share amounts to EUR 559 million. The dividend is proposed to be paid on 27 March 2017. A dividend of EUR 125 million is planned to be paid by Mandatum Life during the first quarter of 2017. If P&C normally pays its dividend towards the end of the calendar year.
Reported Profits facilitates Debt Servicing
* Parent Company is not equal to Holding Segment; Dividend Income includes also dividends from Private Equity investments
747
-8 -37
702762
-10-70
683773
-17 -20
737
879
-20 -26
832
1,069
-18 -1
1,050
1,226
-14
17
1,229
1,567
-17
17
1,567
-100
100
300
500
700
900
1,100
1,300
1,500
1,700
Dividend income Operatingexpenses
Net financialexpenses
Profit before taxes
2010 2011 2012 2013
2014 2015 2016*
EURm
Sampo plc
42
10-Feb-17
Issued Debt Instruments
Sampo plc
EU
Rm
Instrument & Principal Coupon SwapEffective
RateMaturity
Senior Bond 500 EURm (EMTN) 4.2500% --- 4.2500% 27.02.2017
Senior Bond 2,000 SEKm (EMTN) Stibor3M + 1.45% Euribor3M+1.375% 0.9990% 29.05.2018
Senior Bond 500 EURm (EMTN) 1.1250% --- 1.1640% 24.05.2019
Senior Bond 2,000 SEKm (EMTN) Stibor3M + 0.77% Euribor3M+0.586125% 0.2721% 28.05.2020
Senior Bond 1,000 SEKm (EMTN) 1.2500% EUR 1.007% 1.0070% 28.05.2020
Senior Bond 500 EURm (EMTN) 1.5000% --- 1.5920% 16.09.2021
Senior Bond 750 EURm (EMTN) 1.0000% --- 1.0060% 18.09.2023
CPs issued 671 EURm Euribor + Margin 0.2500% Average 3M
Public debt 3,416 EURm 1.3756%
Private placements 132 EURm 1.3731%
Total 3,548 EURm 1.3755%
43
10-Feb-17
0
500
1,000
1,500
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
CP´s Senior under EMTN Senior Retail Private
Mission Value Creation in the Nordic Financials 3-10
If P&C The Leading Nordic P&C Insurer 11-18Mandatum Life A Finnish Financial Services Company 19-25Sampo Group A Diversified Business Portfolio with Strong Capitalization 26-36Sampo plc Parent Company with Capacity to Generate Funds 37-43Outlook Sampo Group Outlook 2017 44-45
Appendix Separate Supplementary Information 46-57 44
10-Feb-17
Sampo Group’s Outlook for 2017
Sampo Group Outlook 2017
45
10-Feb-17
Sampo Group’s business areas are expected to report good operating results for 2017.
However, the mark-to-market results are, particularly in life insurance,
highly dependent on capital market developments. The continuing low interest rate level also creates a challenging environment for reinvestment
in fixed income instruments.
The P&C insurance operations are expected to reach their long-term combined ratio target of below 95 per cent in 2017 by a margin.
Nordea’s contribution to the Group’s profit is expected to be significant.
46
Appendix Separate Supplementary Information 46-57
10-Feb-17
Fixed Income Investments in the Financial Sector
Exposure tables vs. Allocation tables – small differences.
EURmCovered
bondsMoney market
Long-term senior debt
Long-term subordinated
debt Total %
Sweden 1,998 352 798 458 3,606 36%
Finland 132 2,207 251 6 2,596 26%
Norway 651 396 224 1,272 13%
Denmark 207 7 312 71 597 6%
the United States 5 356 361 4%
United Kingdom 12 282 24 2 321 3%
France 22 194 62 14 292 3%
Canada 72 142 214 2%
the Netherlands 0 201 201 2%
Switzerland 178 11 189 2%
Iceland 91 91 1%
Others 49 34 115 0 199 2%
Total 3,145 3,083 2,924 786 9,938 100%
47
10-Feb-17
Appendix - Separate Supplementary Information
Public Sector Fixed Income Investments
EURm Government
Government
guaranteed
Public sector,
other Total
Sweden 100 679 779
Norway 250 250
Finland 78 75 153
Germany 67 67
United States 41 41
Japan 19 19
Denmark 11 11
Total 141 156 1,022 1,319Exposure tables vs. Allocation tables – small differences
48
10-Feb-17
Appendix - Separate Supplementary Information
If P&C Quarterly Results and C/R
EURmQ4/16
Q3/16
Q2/16
Q1/16
Q4/15
Q3/15
Q2/15
Q1/15
Q4/14
Q3/14
Q2/14
Q1/14
Premiums earned 1,074 1,080 1,073 1,059 1,077 1,087 1,103 1,076 1,108 1,124 1,122 1,104
Claims incurred -740 -738 -727 -700 -764 -735 -864 -780 -776 -793 -783 -811
Operating expenses -180 -175 -180 -179 -180 -176 -29 -180 -189 -183 -187 -186
Other technical income and expenses
-4 -1 -1 -1 0 0 0 -1 -1 0 1 1
Allocated investment return transferred from the non-technical account
-7 -3 3 5 2 5 7 9 5 7 10 15
Technical result 144 162 168 184 135 180 217 124 147 155 162 124
Investment result 56 44 48 40 75 68 99 84 81 75 139 88
Allocated investment return transferred tothe technical account
1 -3 -10 -13 -11 -14 -17 -18 -16 -18 -21 -27
Other income and expenses
23 21 14 4 5 11 11 10 8 16 9 9
Operating result 223 224 220 216 204 245 310 200 219 228 289 194
Risk ratio, % 63.2 62.8 62.4 60.7 65.2 61.9 72.7 66.6 64.4 64.7 64.0 67.5
Combined ratio, % 85.6 84.6 84.5 83.0 87.7 83.8 80.9 89.2 87.1 86.9 86.5 90.349
10-Feb-17
Appendix - Separate Supplementary Information
If P&C Reinsurance ProgrammesIf is using reinsurance to:- Utilize its own capital base efficiently and reduce cost of capital- Limit large fluctuations of underwriting results- Get access to reinsurers’ competence base
If has the following Reinsurance Programmes in place
• Largest & most diversifiedportfolio in the Nordics
• Focus purely on underwriting• Specialised Reinsurance Unit
• Reinsurance partners having reinsurance as core business
• Diversified financially strong panel of reinsurers
• Stable reinsurance program • Efficient pricing and
broad terms
In Million
Catastrophe/
Event
Property/
Risk Casualty
Personal
Accident Motor TPL Cargo Reporter
Capacity SEK 6,300 SEK 2,500/4,750 SEK 500/€50/$50 SEK 1,100 Unlimited SEK 850
Retention SEK 250 SEK 250 SEK 100/€10/$15 SEK 100 SEK 100 SEK 100
50
In Million
Marine Hull
Reporter
Small Vessels
Clash Cover
Marine Hull I.V. Reporter
Marine Hull WarRisk Reporter
US TerrorismRisk
Capacity SEK 400 SEK 250 SEK 310 USD 60 USD 250
Retention SEK 100 SEK 100 SEK 100 USD 0.25 USD 25
Casualty/Cyber Event
SEK 400/€40/$50
SEK 200/€20/$25
Additional reinsurance purchased for risks with property value accumulations according to Solvency II requirements.
10-Feb-17
Appendix - Separate Supplementary Information
NordeaProfitable & Diversified Nordic Bank
88
5
88
3
84
7
78
1
83
3
81
8
83
2
59
2
87
8
73
0 96
0
1,0
71
1,0
03
94
9
56
6
1,0
29
1,0
37
1,0
99
92
2
1,0
59
1,0
41
1,0
48
1,0
21
1,0
06
1,1
06
93
5 1,1
26
1,1
57
1,4
08
1,2
35
1,0
33
1,0
27
1,0
06
1,2
23
1,1
48
1,2
48
21 36
89 320 356
425
358
347
261
245
207 1
66
242
118
112
263
218 217
254
244
198
186
171
180 158
135
112
129
122
103
112
142
111
127
135 1
29
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1Q
08
2Q
08
3Q
08
4Q
08
1Q
09
2Q
09
3Q
09
4Q
09
1Q
10
2Q
10
3Q
10
4Q
10
1Q
11
2Q
11
3Q
11
4Q
11
1Q
12
2Q
12
3Q
12
4Q
12
Q1
13
Q2
13
Q3
13
Q4
13
Q1
14
Q2
14
Q3
14
Q4
14
Q1
15
Q2
15
Q3
15
Q4
15
Q1
16
Q2
16
Q3
16
Q4
16
EURmRestructuring/impairment charges/gains Loan losses Operating profit
51
10-Feb-17
Appendix - Separate Supplementary Information
Nordea BV on Consolidated Balance Sheet
Nordea in Sampo Group’s B/S EURm
Acquisition price 5,557.3
Retained earnings 1,804.2
Accumulated other changes in Nordea’s equity -56.0
Share of Nordea’s net profit 800.3
Amortisation -35.4
Deferred tax 7.8
Dividends -550.7
Share of Nordea’s other comprehensive income -35.1
Share of Nordea’s other changes in equity 8.2
Share of Nordea’s goodwill change -16.4
Total 7,554.3
Figures Per ShareEUR
Acquisition price 6.46Book value 8.78Market Value* 10.60
No. of shares860,440,497
* As of 30/12/2016
52
10-Feb-17
Appendix - Separate Supplementary Information
Principles of Investment Management
• Company specific needs form the basis for all investments
– Liabilities intensively analysed and modelled
– Regulatory requirements
• Strategy
– Absolute Return targets taking into account the liabilities and general
business targets
– Direct Investments into Nordic countries mainly, outside Nordics mainly Funds
– No diversification for the sake of diversification
• Centrally Managed
– Sampo plc Chief Investment Officer is responsible for all investments, all portfolio managers have a direct reporting line to him
– Common infrastructure for investment administration and reporting
– Investment strategies coordinated and streamlined, no overlapping activities
to prevent Group-wide concentrations
53
10-Feb-17
Appendix - Separate Supplementary Information
Risk Management Principles
• Scope
– Sampo’s Board of Directors requires that all activities involving the exposure
of any Sampo Group company to risks, as well as activities controlling those
risks, are arranged to comply with these general guidelines and related
instructions as well as with applicable legislation and regulations
– The Board of Directors will supervise the risk taking and risk control activities
– The Principles apply to all Sampo Group companies
• The Key Objectives
– Balance between risks, capital and earnings
– Cost efficiency and high quality processes
– Strategic and operational flexibility
• The Central Tasks
– Identification of risks
– Assessment of required capital
– Pricing of risks
– Managing risk exposures, capital positions and operative processes
– Measuring and reporting risksFor more detailed description of Sampo Group´s Risk Management Principles, see http://www.sampo.com/governance/internal-control/risk-management/
54
10-Feb-17
Appendix - Separate Supplementary Information
Sampo’s P&C insurance operations are merged with If 2002). Following the transaction, Sampoowns 38 per cent of If. If becomes fully owned by Sampo (2004).• Business areas:P&C insurance, Long-term savings,Banking
Sampo Insurance Companyand Leonia Bank merge into Sampo-Leonia Financial Group. • Business areas: P&C insurance, Long-term savings (life insurance, asset management, mutual funds); Banking, Investment banking
Mandatum Bank is merged into Sampo-Leonia, and the Group’s name is shortenedto Sampo.
Sampo divests Sampo Bank to Danske Bank.• Business areas: P&C insurance, Life insurance & Wealth Management
Sampo’s Nordea holding exceeds 20%. • Nordea becomes an associated company.
20072004200220012000 2010 2011
Sampo Group’s(If P&Cʼs) • Topdanmark holding exceeds 23%. Topdanmark becomes Ifʼs associated company.
2012
Sampo Group (If P&C)acquires Tryg’s FinnishBusiness.• If P&C signs a partnership agreement with Nordea.
Sampo Group ― Through Structural Changes to the Leading Nordic Financial Group
2013 2014
Sampo Group(Mandatum Life) acquires Suomi Mutualʼs With-ProfitGroup Pension portfolio.
2016
55
Sampo commencesthe mandatory offerfor Topdanmarkafter which Sampo plc´sholding is 41.1.% of shares.Topdanmark becomesSampo´s associatedcompany
10-Feb-17
2017
Appendix - Separate Supplementary Information
Mandatum Life ends distribution agreement withDanske Bank.
Financial Strength Rating HistoryIf P&C Insurance Ltd (Sweden), If P&C Insurance Company Ltd (Finland),Sampo plc
The Sampo Groupʼs P&C insurance companies became part of If in January 2002.
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 -10 -11 -12 -13 -14 -15 -16 -17
Possib
le d
ow
ng
rade J
an 0
3
Sta
ble
Feb 0
2
Neg
ative
Aug
02
Sta
ble
Apr
03
Possib
le u
pg
rade F
eb 0
4
Sta
ble
May
04
Positiv
e M
ay
06
Sta
ble
Nov
08
Apr 04 First-time issuer rating
Aa3
A1
A2
A3
Baa1
Baa256
Positiv
e D
ec 1
5
Moodyʼs If P&CS&P If P&CMoodyʼs Sampo plc
S&P Sampo plc
10-Feb-17
Sta
ble
Dec 1
6AA-/
A+
A/
A-/
BBB+/
BBB/
Appendix - Separate Supplementary Information
SAMPO FICO GROUP
NORDEA
BANKING
GROUP
TOPDANMARK
INSURANCE
GROUP
Nordea Bank AB
(SE) 21.3%
SII
GROUP
BANKING
GROUP
FICO
GROUP
INSURANCE
GROUP
Insurance BankingInvestment
Services
Other
(non-regulated
unit)
Topdanmark A/S
(DK) >41%
If IT Services A/S
(DK)
IF P&C Insurance AS
(EE)
IF
INSURANCE
GROUP
If P&C Insurance
Holding Ltd (SE)
IF P&C Insurance Ltd
(SE)
IF P&C Insurance
Company Ltd (FI)
Svithun Assurance AS
(NO) 33%
Autovahinko-
keskus Oy
(FI) 33.5%
Latvia
Lithuania
Denmark
Norway
MANDATUM
INSURANCE
GROUP
Mandatum Life
Services Oy (FI)
Innova Pension
Services Oy (FI)
Mandatum Life
Ltd (FI)
Mandatum Life
Baltic SE (EE)
Mandatun Life
Investment
Services Ltd (FI)
Mandatun Life
Fund Manag.
Services Ltd (LU)
Latvia
Lithuania
IF Livförsäkring AB(SE)
CAB Group AB (SE) 22%
Urzus Group AS(NO) 30%
Various
subsidiaries
Various
subsidiaries
SAMPO SII GROUP
Source: FSA Finland, January 2017
Sampo Group ‒ Legal Supervision Structure
Sampo plc (FI)
Subsidiary
Associated Company
Branch57
Appendix - Separate Supplementary Information
10-Feb-17