Test 2 Fall 2011 SCI 1101 Form A Name________________

BE SURE TO PRINT YOUR NAME ON THE FIRST PAGE OF THIS TEST. Place all answers on the answer grid.

1. A group of individuals of the same species occupying a given area defines a(n)

a. community

b. ecosystem

c. population

d. biosphere

e. habitat

2. What distribution pattern is the most common in the natural world?

a. random

b. uniform

c. clumped

d. stratified or layered

e. bimodal

3. A(n) ______ is the type of place where individuals of a species typically live.

a. Biomeb. Habitatc. niche d. ecosystem

4. Which density-dependent factor controls the size of a population?

a. wind velocity

b. light intensity

c. nutrient supply

d. rainfall

e. wave action in an intertidal zone

5. Which factor(s) do not shape community structure.

a. Climate and topography

b. Available foods and resources

c. Adaptations of species in community

d. Species interactions

e. All of these shape community structure

6. Which of the following countries has established the most extensive family-planning program?

a. United States

b. Brazil

c. China

d. Japan

e. Pakistan

7. True/False. A = true and b = false. A close relationship where both species benefit is called symbiosis.

8. An interaction between two species in which one species benefits and the other species is harmed is

a. mutualism.

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b. commensalism.

c. competition.

d. predation.

e. none of these

9. True/False. A = true and b = false. When two species compete for identical resources, one will be more successful and will eventually eliminate the other.

10. True/False. A = true and b = false. In biogeography, a species is defined as indigenous or native to a given region or ecosystem if its presence in that region is the result of only natural processes, with no human intervention.

11. Parasitoids are ____ that are parasitic on insects

a. bacteria

b. insects

c. fungi

d. protists

e. viruses

12 . Kudzu did well in the southeastern United States because

a. there were few herbivores that ate it.

b. there were few pathogens to infect it.

c. there was little competition from native organisms.

d. the climate was favorable.

e. all of these

13. A network of interactions that involve the cycling of materials and the flow of energy between a community and its physical environment is

which of the following?

a. population

b. community

c. ecosystem

d. biosphere

e. species

14. A situation in which the birth rate equals the death rate is called

a. an intrinsic limiting factor.

b. exponential growth.

c. saturation.

d. zero population growth.

e. geometric growth.

15. Which is true concerning the Gambian pouched rat?

a. They now live on Grassy Key, Floridab. They carry the Monkey Pox virusc. They are eaten as bush meat in Africa (called beef)

d. They can be trained to sniff out land mines and tuberculosis

e. All of the above are true concerning the organism

16. In biological magnification,

a. poisons accumulate in the high ends of food chains and webs.

b. there is a tendency for an environment to change when organisms first invade.

c. more highly evolved forms are able to build large populations under favorable conditions.

d. parasites spread rapidly through congested populations.

e. sediments fill in aquatic environments so that succession will occur if organisms disturb the aquatic habitat.

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17. Net primary productivity is the

a. rate of photosynthesis.

b. rate of energy flow.

c. amount of energy stored in the ecosystem.

d. amount of energy utilized.

e. amount of energy stored in the plant tissue in excess of that used by autotrophs

in respiration.

18. True/False. A = true and b = false. The main reservoir of phosphorous is Earth’s crust; There is no gaseous phase.

19. Which of the following does NOT cycle through an ecosystem?

a. water

b. carbon

c. energy

d. phosphorus

e. nitrogen

20. Nitrification

a. converts ammonia into nitrates.

b. reduces nitrates to nitrites.

c. converts nitrogenous compounds into free nitrogen.

d. is a synonym for nitrogen fixation.

e. converts nitrates to organic nitrogen.

21. (True or false: a = true and b = false) Most interactions are neutral; have no effect on either species.

22. (True or false: a = true and b = false) Natural selection favors parasites that kill their host quickly.

23. Species that has left its home range and become established elsewhere are called: a. parasitoids b. endemics c. exotic species d. invasive species

24. Close to ____ percent of endangered species have been negatively affected by exotic competitors. A. 20 b. 30 c. 40 d. 50 e. 70

25. (True or false: a = true and b = false) All the organisms at a trophic level are the same number of steps away from the energy input into the system.

26 – 35. Matching: The following may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

a. consumer B. heterotroph c. nitrogen cycle d. primary producer e. cohort ab. reproductive base ac. habitat ad. climax pattern model ae. resource partitioning bc symbiosis bd. community be. None of these

be. None of these 26. Driven by solar energy, water evaporates from the ocean into the atmosphere, moves onto the land, then back to the ocean.

be. None of these 27. A heterotroph that obtains carbon and energy by feeding on tissues of other organisms.

ad. climax pattern model 28. Idea that environmental factors often vary in their effects across a large region, so stable communities other than the climax stage may also persist in that region.

bc symbiosis 29. Individuals of one species live near, in, or on those of another species for at least part of life cycle.

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B. heterotroph 30. Organism unable to make its own organic compounds; feeds on autotrophs, other heterotrophs, or organic wastes.

d. primary producer 31. Type of autotroph that secures energy directly from the environment and stores some in its tissues.

ae. resource partitioning 32. Of two or more species that compete for the same resource, a sharing of the resource in different ways or at different times, which permits them to coexist.

c. nitrogen cycle 33. Movement of nitrogen from the atmosphere, through the ocean, ocean sediments, soils, and food webs, then back to the atmosphere.

c. habitat 34. Type of place where a species normally lives.

e. cohort 35. A group of individuals, about the same age, that are being tracked throughout their life spans.

36 – 40. Complete using this word bank.

a. density dependent b. habitat c. community d. distribution e. density independent ab. ecosystem ac. sodium ad. nitrogen ae. succession bc. None of these

d. distribution 36. Uniform_______________ is rare in nature; when it does occur, it is usually the result of fierce competition for limited resources.

ae. succession 37. Ecological ____________ is the predictable developmental sequence of species in a community.

b. habitat 38. _________ loss may be a physical reduction of suitable places to live as well as a loss of habitat due to chemical pollution.

ab. ecosystem 39. A(n) _______________ is a complex of organisms interacting with one another and with the physical environment.

ad. nitrogen 40. Air pollutants, including oxides of_________, contribute to soil acidity.

41. The ___________has adapted to extracting burrowing animals by virtue of an especially long, double-jointed pair of legs.

a. Galapagos Hawk b. Sea Eagles c. Keas d. African Harrier Hawk e. none of these

42. The birthplace of 90% of the Atlantic hurricanes seems to be in lighting storms over ______.

a. Spain b. Ethiopia c. Congo d. Algeria e. none of these

.BE SURE TO PRINT YOUR NAME ON THE FIRST PAGE OF THIS TEST. Place all answers on the answer grid.

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