SAMPLE IMAGE Shale Gas Development: Integrated Approach Hemant Kumar Dixit Mumbai, India 18...
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![Page 1: SAMPLE IMAGE Shale Gas Development: Integrated Approach Hemant Kumar Dixit Mumbai, India 18 January-2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649d215503460f949f70d7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
SAMPLE IMAGE
Shale Gas Development:Integrated Approach
Hemant Kumar DixitMumbai, India18 January-2013
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Introduction
Motivation: Use seismic data to improve economics in resource shale plays
– Higher margins with less drilling and perforations/fracturing stages– Minimize environmental impact
Challenges: – Sweetspot identification – Optimize well location– Optimize completions
Drilling Completion
Installations
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Motivation of Unconventional Resources
Source: Halliburton 2011-03
23% US gas production is from unconventional reservoirs (2010) Coal stores 6-7 times more gas than conventional reservoirs 4 trillion bbl of oil in Canada oil sands and Venezuela heavy oil Environment – proppant, water, noise, contamination
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Based on graphic by Al Granberg
Fissures
The shale is fractured by the pressure induced
in the well10,000 ft
2,000 ft
8,000 ft
4,000 ft
6,000 ft
0 ft
Fissure
Sand keeps fissures open
Mixture of water, sand and chemical
agents
Well
Natural gas flows from fissures into
well
A mixture of water, sand and chemical agents is injected at high pressure in
the well
The challenge: prediction and control of fracturing
What seismic brings: Seismic Reservoir Characterization Stress & Fracture modeling Real-time Microseismic
Challenges in Shale Explortaion
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CGGV North American Experience
2007 - 2011
5 Projects726 sq km
Marcellus
2008 - 20116 Projects
1405 sq km
Montney
2009 – 2 projects
178 Sq km+ 2D
Regional
Utica
2009 - 20112 Projects
5607 sq km
Haynesville
2010 - 2011
13 Projects6920 sq
km
Woodford
2009 - 2011
8 Projects1155 sq
km
Horn River
2010 - 1 Project
340 sq km
Eagle Ford
2009 - 3 Projects457 sq km
Bakken
2006 - 20083 Projects
+440 sq km
Picenace / Uinta
2007 – 8 Projects
+500 sq km
Barnett
More than 40 projects and 18,000 km2
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CGGV in Shale Resource Exploration
Integrated solutions for Unconventional Resources Full suite of tools and technologies From prediction to monitoring Calibration & correlation with well data
Data acquisition Processing & Imaging
Fracture / stress characterization & rock properties
Sweet spot prediction with well-calibrated
attributes
Microseismic fracture
monitoring
Feasibility study & survey design
Calibration with well data – correlation with production data
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Generating Geomechanical Properties and Sweet Spot Identification for optimum driling
Tri-Parish Line Case Study
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Shale Plays: Questions?
Shale TypeDuctile or Britle
Gas ContentTOC, Bulk Volume of Gas
FractureFracture Type, Direction and Length
Validation
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Shale Plays: Seismic Driven Answers?
Shale Gas
Randomly oriented fractures
Bulk Volume Gas
Closure Pressure
Young’s Modulus
Poisson’s Ratio
17
Reservoir Quality
Brittleness
Stress
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Shale Plays: Seismic Workflow
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Haynesville Shale: Bulk Volume Gas
Bulk Volume Gas = Total Porosity x (1–Water Saturation)
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Stress Analysis Workflow
Seismic AzAVO Terms E – Young’ s Modulus n – Poisson’s Ratio ZN – Normal Compliance
Hooke’s Law / Linear Slip Theory
h H
H
h
V
V
Patent Pending
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Differential Horizontal Stress Ratio (DHSR)
If sHmax ≈ shmin (DHSR ≈ 0) Tensile cracks any direction
|| rock weakness Fracture network
If sHmax >> shmin (DHSR > 3-5%)
Fractures || sHmax
Shear Fractures Tensile Fractures
Connect to existing fracture network for production sHmax
sHmax
Pressure
shmin = Closure Stress
shmin
Patent Pending
H - h
HDHSR
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Cross-plot DHSR vs. Young’s Modulus
Static Young’s Modulus
Aligned Fractures will form (YELLOW)Fracture Swarms will occur (GREEN)
Ductile (RED)
Diff
eren
tial H
oriz
onta
l Str
ess
Rat
ioDuctile Brittle
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DHSR platelets overlaying Young’s Modulus
Plate orientation: direction of maximum horizontal stressMap colour: derived Young’s modulus
DHSR
BRITTLE
H - h
H
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Volumetric Interpretation
16
Aligned Fractures (YELLOW)Fracture Swarms (GREEN)
Ductile (RED)
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Probable Zones of Better Hydraulic Fractures
Static Young’s ModulusDiffe
rent
ial H
orizo
ntal
Stre
ss R
atio
H-h
H
Percentage of Hydraulic Fractures HighProbability: Zones of better hydraulic fractures (random pattern)
Low
H
h
H- h
H
Bottom of HVL
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Multi-Attribute Analysis
High
Low
Highlighting Potential Good Production Areas
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Validation: Analysis of orientation of H
Triaxial Measurements and Orientation H from
oriented core samples from different depths in the
Haynesville Shale
Orientation H across the Haynesville Shale derived
from seismic
EASTWEST
The direction of maximum horizontal stress predicted from
the seismic observations matched the corresponding
core stress measurements to within 5%.
compared with
-25o
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Conclusions
Fully Integrated workflow for shale plays – acquisition to interpretation
Flexible multi-attribute solution correlating seismic observations to production figures, using Geomechanical rock properties Stress – HTI
Applications for: Sweet spot identification Well location optimization Completions optimization
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Conclusions
Environment Water access Proppant access Leakage prevention
Financial Well costs reduced Well performance enhanced Return On Investment
SEISMIC can help!
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Thank You
Reference:
Gray et. al.Estimation of Stress and Geomechanical Properties using 3D Seismic Data, First Break, Volume 30,March 2012
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Differential Horizontal Stress Ratio (DHSR)
If sHmax ≈ shmin (DHSR ≈ 0)
Tensile cracks any direction || rock weakness Fracture network
If sHmax >> shmin (DHSR > 3-5%) Fractures || sHmax
Shear Fractures Tensile Fractures
Connect to existing fracture network for production
sHmax
shmin
sHmax
Pressure
shmin = Closure Stress
H - h
H
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E: Young’s Modulus
DH
SR
E E
DHSR and Young’s Modulus Crossplot