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ESSEX MINIATURES FRENCH NAPOLEONIC 1814·1815 PNl Old Guard adv. lull dress PN2 Command pack: Officer, Std . bearer, drummer PN3 Guard chasseur adv. campaign dress PN4 Command pack: Officer, Std. bearer, drummer PN5 Old Guard adv. greatcoat PNS Command pack: Officer , Std. bearer, drummer, greatcoat PN7 Old Guard/Guard c hasseur adv., greatcoat and bonnet

de police PN8 Old Guard/Guard chasseur adv., greatcoat and chapeau PN9 Command pack: Guard or Line in t. , Officer in greatcoat

and chapeau PN10 Line lusilier, musket forward PNll Line grenadier or voltigeur adv., musket forward PN12 Line lusi l ier adv., musket 45° PN13 Line grenadier or voltigeur adv., musket 45° PN14 Line fusilier adv., musket upright PN15 Line grenadier or voltigeur adv., musket upright PN16 Command pack: Officer, Std. bearer, drummer adv. PN17 Line fusilier standing firing PN,8 Line fusilier kneeling firing PN 19 Line fusilier adv. greatcoat PN20 Line grenadier or voHigeur adv., greatcoat PN21 Command pack; Officer, Std. bearer , drurmmer, adv.,

greatcoat PN22 Light in!. (Leger) carabinier , voltigeur or c hasseur adv. PN23 Command pack: (Leger) Officer, Std., bearer,

drummer, adv. PN24 Assorted foot artillerymen (6 per pack) PN25 CLlirassier PN26 Command Pack: Cuirassier Officer , Standard bearer,

trumpeter PN27 Hussar (Shako) PN28 Hussar (Colpack) PN29 Command pack Hussar Otticer, Standard bearer,

trumpeter PN3Q Dragoon PN31 Elite Dragoon PN32 Command pack: Dragoon officer, Standard bearer,

trumpeter PN33 Command pack; Infantry officer (mounted) PN34 Command pack: Napoleon & 2 Staff Officers (Mounted) PN35 Foot Guard Artillery in Greatcoat (6 per pack)

Each pack inc ludes 8 Infantry, 6 Com­mand, 4 Cava lry o r 3 Mo un ted Com­mand for $2.49

15mm NAPOLEONICS BRITISH NAPOLEON IC 181 4·1815 PNSl Une info al the ready PNB2 Grenadier or tight coy. at the ready PNB3 Command pack Officer, Std . bearer, drummer PNB4 Line or flank coy , in greatcoat at the ready PNB5 Command pack Officer, Std. bearer, drummer in

greatcoat PNB6 Highlander at the ready PN 87 Highlander kneeling at the ready PN 8 8 Grenadier o r light coy. al the ready PNB10 Command pack: Highland Officer, SId. bearer , piper PNS11 Rifleman advancing PNB12 Ri fl eman kneeling firing PNB13 Command pack: 4 riflemen Officers, 2 buglers PNB14 Light infantryman fir ing PNB15 Light infantryman advancing PNB 16 Command pack 4 Ugh I Infantry Officers. 2 buglers PN817 Assorted loot artillerymen (6 per pack) PNB18 Assorted horse artillerymen (6 per pack) PNBlg Light dragoon PN820 Command pack; Light dragoon Officer, Sid. bearer,

bugler PN 821 Heavy dragoon PN822 Command pack; Heavy dragoon Ollicer, Std. bearer,

bugler PNB23 Hussar PN B24 Command pack; Hussar Offi cer, Std. bearer, bugler

BRITISH INFANTRY 1800·1813(Sloveplpe Shako) PNB25 Line In fantry advancing PNB26 Grenadier or l ight coy. advancing PNB27 Command pack: Officer, sid . bearer, drummer PNB28 Artillerymen (6 per pack)

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Essex ARM IES ($48 .99) have 22 packs (about 160 pieces)

PRUSSIAN NAPOLEONIC 1814·1815 PPN l Musketeer PPN2 Grenadier PPN3 Command pack: (Musketeers or Grenadier Officers, Sid.

bearers & drummers) PPN4 Fusi l ier or Jaeger PPN5 Command pack: (Fusiliers or Jaeger) 4 Officers, 2 Buglers PPN6 Landwehr Musketeer PPN7 Command pack: Landwehr Officer, drummer, std. bearer PPN8 Artille rymen (6 per pack) PPN9 Cuirassier PPN 10 Command pack: Cuirassier Officer, Std. bearer, trumpeter PPN 11 Hussar PPN12 Command pack: Hussar Officer, standard bearer, trumpeter PPN 13 Dragoon PPN14 Command pack: Dragoon Officer, Std. bearer, trumpeter PPN15 Uhlan PPN16 Command pack: Uhlan Officer, standard bearer, trumpeter

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You Tell Us Our 15mm Greeks Are The Best. We Can~t Wait To Hear What You Say About These.

ESSEX MINIATURES HAN CHINESE HANEl General in 4·horse heavy cha riot w ith

driver axe man & javeli nman $4.99 HANE2 General in 2·horse light chariot with

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axeman & jave linman $4.99 HANE4 2·horse light chari o t with dri ver, archer,

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ASIATIC HORDES HSA 1 Alan heavy cavalry HSA2 Alan Horse archer HSA3 Bulgar heavy cavalry HSA4 Bulgar horse archer HSA5 Pecheneg horse archer HSA6 Khazar heavy cavalry HSA7 Slav foot archer HSAB Slavaxeman HSA9 Slav javelin man

Each pack includes 8 Infantry , 6 Com­mand , 4 Cavalry or 3 Mounted Com· mand for $2.49

15mm ANCIENTS SASSAN ID PERSIANS SA 1 Command pack: Mounted General SA2 Cataphracts SA3 Clibanari i E.H.C. SA3a Clibanarii heavy cav . SA4 Light caval ry, bow, jav. & sh . SA5 Foot archer SA6 Slinger SA 7 Levy spearmen SASB Foot com mand: Ollicers, Std. bearers SAE9 Elephant with driver, 2 archers, 1

jave li nman in howdah $4.49 SAE9a Elephan t wi th driver, 3 arche rs in $4.49

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RMA93 RMA94 RMA95 RMA96 RMA97 RMA98 RMA99 RMA100

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Essex ARMIES ($48.99) have 22 packs (about 160 oleces)

MAURI KlAN BYZANTINE BZA 1 Command pack: Mounted General BZA2 Kataphraktoi EHC, lance, bow, sh. BZA3 Kataphraktoi heavy cav , lance. bow, sh. BZA4 Kataphraktoi Command : Mtd. all . SI. Bearers BZA5 Trapezitoi light cav" lance, sh . BZA6 Horse archers BlA7 Skutatoi BlAB Skutaloi archer BlA9 Ps i loi archer BlA 10 Psiloi javel inmen BlA 11 Psil oi slinger BZA 12 Psi loi crossbowman

HUNS (mixed figure types in each pack) HUl Horse archer firing HU2 Horse archer with axe HU 3 Horse arche r ho lding swo rd H U4 Horse archer, spear & shie ld

PARTHIANS PA 1 Cataph ract PA2 Horse a rcher PA3 Extra heavy camels (lance)

ARMENIAN S PA4 Horse archer PA5 Cataphract

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Essex Miniatures 15mm Army Packs Essex ARMIES 1$48.99) have 22 paCkS ,abou, 160 Dleces)

ANC IENT AMAI RMA2 RMA3 AMA4 RMA5 RMA6 AMA7 AMA8 RMA9 RMAIO AMA 11 AMA12 AMA 13 AMA14 AMA21 RMA22 RMA47 AMA48 AMAS9 RMASO RMA5 1 RMA63 AMA64 AMA73 AMA70l RMA75 RMA76 AMA77 RMA78 AMA 79 AMA80 AMAB' AMA82 AMA83 AMA84 AMASS AMAS6 AMA87 AMASS RMAS9 RMA90 RMA91 RMA92

Viking Norman Daclar:. Sassanld PerSians Frankish 700-,072 Palmyran l ale Roman Ste lan 700-1072 lombard 451 -10 18 Saxon 250·685 AnglO Danish 885 -' 075 AngloNormal'072-"81 Sub-Aoman Brili sh 425·925 Marian/Cami llan Roman Early German Thematic Byzanl ine Ancien! Br i tiSh Ancien! Gallic Vandal SpaniSh VlsigOlhlC 11alian Ostrogothic Republi can Roman/Gallic ConQ\lcst Republican Aoman Civl t Wars Welsh 580·1420 Inca Thracian Alexandrian Macedo",an Alexandrian Impe rial lysi maChld Macedo",an Early Successor later Ho plite Greek Early Hoplite Greek Indian Asiati c Early Successor Macedonlan Early Successor Galatian Pyrrh ic Early Archaemenid PerSian late Archaemenld Persian Bactrian Greek Arab ConQuest Arab Empi re CarlhaginiM

RENA ISSANCE AMA 15 SpaniSh/Early Italian Wars AMA 17 Florentine Ear ly t6th C AMA 19 Milanese Early 16th C AMA44 Frenchlltatian Wars AMA45 latcr Teuton ic Knights AMA52 Scots 16th C AMA5J Irish 16th C AMAS4 French t600·166O AMA56 Late Swiss 1500·1550 RMA 16 Ven etian Later lth C RMA24 Engt ish Renaissance RMA25 Scots Renaissance RMA26 Irish Renaissance RMA27 Swedish Renaissance RMA28 Early French Wars 01 Religion - Catholic RMA29 French Huguenot RMA30 late Spanish RMA31 Hungarian Renaissance RMA32 Muscovi te Renaissance RMA33 Cossack Renaissance RMA34 Persian Renaissan ce RMA35 Moghul lnd ian RMAJ5a North Ind ian RMA 36 17th C French AMA37 Late Polish RMA38 Imperi al ist (30 Y.W.I AMA46 15th C Olloman Twk AMA46a 16th C Onoman Turk AMA4Gb 17ty C Ot toman T urk AMA49 h lsh Catholic Confederate 1640S AMA5S Austrian Hapsbu rg Mid 16th/Early 17th C AMA58 landsknechl Aegt RM AG6 161h/ 17th C Dutch

MEDIEVAL AMAG5 AMAG7 RMAG8 AMA69 AMA70 AMA71 AMA50

Feudal French Feu da l Engli Sh 11 8 1-1345 Free Company 1367·1390 l00Y.W. French 100 Y.W. Engl ish Low Countries 1400-1450 Wars 01 the Roses (Lancs)

RMASI RMAS7 AMA72 AMA62

Wars of the Roses (Yorks) Knights o f 5t John Ahodlan Teutonic Knights late 15thlF.arly 16th C Later Impenalist 1450 1495

ENG LISH CIVIL WA R AMA39 Aoyalist AMA40 Early Parliamentary RMA41 New Model Army AMA42 Scots Covenan ters AMA43 Scots Royalist (Montrose) RMA49 lush Catholic Con federate 1640S

SEVEN YEARS WA R AMASOI Austrian AMA502 Prus sian RMASO;) French RMASOJ British

NAPOLEONIC AMA601 British (18 15) RMA602 French (18 15) RMA603 Prussian

AM ERI CAN CIVIL WAR AMA200 Union AMA201 Confederate AMA202 Union - Infantry supph?menl RMA203 Union - Cava l ry supplement RMA204 Confederate - Infantry supplement AMA205 Confederate - Cavatry supplement

COLONIAL AMA 193 Early Brtl l sh (Sudan) AMA 194 Britis h (Zulu Wars) AMA195 Zu lu AMAI96 Brit ish (Sudan) RMA 197 Mahdis l s (Sudan)

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Add $3 for shipping & handling ~osmm Medieval (SWISS) to mail orders under $30. C.O.D. is 31 . Medieval (Burgund) an additional $3.

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~ (s~ 'lrbr

] ~·~utt.i~r NORTH AMERICA'S FOREMOST MINIATURE GAMING MAGAZINE

ARTICLES THE ROYAL REGIMENT OF FOOT IN THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS WILLIAM S. BILES with detai ls for your next army ...................... .. ... .... .. .. ................................................................. .. ..... .. ........................ .......... .. ...... .... .. ............ ...... 5

UNIFORMS OF THE BRITISH ARMY IN NORTH AMERICA 1774-1 76B WAYNE N. WENDT reviews thei r uniforms .................. .. ...... .. .. .. .......... .............. .... . ........................................................ ......... ......... ........... .... ............. .. ........... ...... 7

CHAPULTEPEC - A COMPLETE SET OF MEXICAN-AMERICAN WAR RULES HENRY LUBBERS with a set of rules for 15mm figures .............................................. .. .. ....... .. ...... ................................................... .. ..................... 11

THE SECOND BATTLE OF QUEBEC TOM WILLIAMS describes the battle. French uniforms and Flags .............. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ........ .. ........ .. .. .. ................................................ .......................... .. .......... .. .. 15

TACTICA: A NEW APPROACH TO ANCIENT WARGAMING, PART II ARTY CONLIFFE continues describing his Ancient Gaming concept ............................ .. .... .. .......... .. .. .. ................ ............. .................... .. ........................... ............. 21

HOW NOT TO ORGANIZE A REAllY LOUSY ANCIENTS COMPETITION PHIL BARKER and his views of the American Ancient Competition scene ............................................. ............. .. .. .............................. ..... .... .. ........................... 25

THE BATTLE OF BLENHEIM AS A WARGAME DENNIS SHORTHOUSE presents a battle fought at Historicon .. .. ................. .. .. ................. ..................................................... .................................... .. .. ........ .. .... .. 31

TOURING THE CONTINENT - A NAPOLEONIC PRIMER JIM ARNOLD describes the histori cal places to visit in Europe ...................................................................................... .. ... ........................................ ................. .. 45

MILITARY SCIENCE ON THE GAME TABLE RUDY NELSON shows how to apply the basics to your wargaming ...... .. .............. .... .......... .. .. .. .. .. .... ............ .. .. ............ .. ................................. .............................. 49

THE DEFENSE OF PLESSBACH WESLEY A. ROGERS with a Command Decision battle report .. .. .. ............. .. .. ................... ...... .. .. .. .. .... ............................ .. .. .. .................................. ............ .. ........... 57

INCIDENT AT BROKEN KNEE CREEK GREG NOVAK with a different approach to a wargame battle report .................................................. .. .. ................... .... .. .. ................................... .......... .......... .. .. 60

LOSING CONTROL IN A SOLO WARGAME BRUCE McFARLANE with an approach that would work in any wargame .. ...... .. .. ...... .. .. .. .. .. ...... ...... .... .... .. .. .. .. ........................................... ...................... .. .... .. ... 62

DEPARTMENTS DOWN AT THE WARGAME CLUB with Don Featherstone .. ............................................ .. ........................................... . .. .. ................................ ....... 23

SAPPER' S REPORT Gunboats on the Great Lakes with Charles D. Collins ........ .. ...... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ........ .. .. .. .. ...................................... .............. 29

THE REVIEWING STAND Figures, Rules and Reference Works .......... .. ....................................................................... ..... ...... .. .. ..... .. ................ .. .................. .. ..... 37

THE COURIER DISPATCH News of The Hobby ................ ........ .. .......... .. ............ .. .. .. .. .... .... .. .. .. .. .. .......... .. .. .... .. ............ ............ ...................... ............ .. ............ .. .. .. 53

DISPATCHES FROM THE FiElD Letters to (or at) the Editor ...................... .. ................................................................ ..................... ............ .. ........................... ... 63

VOLLEY FIRE What you like (or hate) about THE COURIER .. .................... .. ...................... ................ .. ............ ...................................... ...... .. .... .. ...... ............ ...... .. . 64

COVER: "The British Encampment, Fort Cumberland . October 4.1757" by Lewis Parker. In 1755 one of four British object ives was th e capture of French Fort Beausejour in Nova Scotia. Construction o f this fort began in 1751. 11 was hoped it would serve as astrongpoint to limit the Briti sh and to ra lly theAcadian popu lation. However. it was captured in 1755 and renamed Fort Cumberland. The scene depicted shows the resp lendent uniforms of grenadi ers and line infantrymen of the 43rd Foot as Ihey prepare for an inspec tion by Cover­nor Lawrence. The o riginal in company with several o ther equally beautiful p ieces are disp layed at the partial restoration of Fort Beausejour southeast of the town of Aulac in what is now New Brunswick. Canada. Lewis Parker is today the most highly acclaimed historical artist of Canada. He has done work for the National Museum of Man, Environment Canada. the National Film Board and stamps for Canada Post. The British Encampment appears cou rtesy o f Environment Canada, Canadian Parks Service and Lewis Parker. --.--.

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~quti£·tt MANAGING EDITOR: Richard L. 13ryant

BUSINESS MANAGER: Leo Cron in ART DIRECTOR: Joseph Miceli

ADVERTISING MANAGER: Tom Desmond THEME EDITOR:THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS

Wi ll iam Protz

CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Jim Arnold; Ken Bunger; Robert Beattie; Jim Birdseye; Lynn Bodm;John Boehm; Rodman Burr; Pat Condray; Todd Fisher; Bril Greenwald; Jay Hadley; Ian Knight; Paul Koch; Doug Johnson; Tom MCMillen; Greg Ri ce; Bill Rutherford; Walter Simon.

STAFF CARTOONISTS: Jim Birdseye Jose Nip-ra

STAFF PHOTOGRAPHERS: Bill Greenwald Orv Banasik Pat Condray

THE COURIER DISPATCH: Greg Rice

STAFF ILLUSTRATORS Alan Archambault, AI Ka rasa, Joe Matthews, Larry Schuman, Terry Manton, Bill Greenwald

TYPESETTING: Steve Brown

PRINTING: Quantum Printing

THE COURIER PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. Richard L. Bryant. Pres ident

DIRECTORS Richard Bryant. Leo Cronin, Joseph Miceli

THE COURIER is published approximately bi-monthly at Brockton, MA 02401 USA.

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BACK ISSUES Recent back issues are avai lable for 54.50, USA; 55.00 Canada & Foreign surface; 56.00 Foreign airmai l. See last page of issue for listing. Monies in US fu nds drawn on US banks or International Posta l Money Order. Subscriptions start with NEXT published issue after receipt of payment.

No responsibili ty is assumed fo r statements of fact or opinion made by the autho rs. No responsibility is assumed for unsolicited manuscripts, but all sub­missions are welcome, no query necessary. All sub­miss ions should contain a self-addressed STAMPED envelope large enough to return the submission.

This magaZine and other publications of The Courier Publishing Company are sold w ith the understanding that every reasonable attempt is made to deliver them safely through the mails. The Courier Publish­ing Company is not responsible for items lost in the mails, Replacements will be provided at their usual cost,

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Entire Contents Copyright 1989 by The Courier Publishing Company, Inc.

VOL. VII I, NO.6

THE VANGUARD

EDITOR'S NOTES

THE NEXTTHEMEYEAR

This was one of the more intersting contes ts forTheme Year. As each batch of Vo lley Fires and letters camein the lead would shift from Mexican Ameri can War to Colonial WWI then to Terrain and back again. I finally set a mental cutoff date two weeks away and closed off the vote. One Theme had moved way ahead by that t ime, however, and in the end, it was no contest.

726 people voted (a new record), 50% vo tin g first, second o r third choice for what eventually became the wi nning Theme Period. First choice votes are rated 3, second are rated 2, and third choices are rated 1. The sum of the we ighted votes determines the w inning period. Votes for o ther periods and write-i n votes have meaning too as they tell us w hat your interest is.

The w inning Theme is the Mexican American War w ith 35 9 vo tes wei ghted as 719. The runn er up ws Terrain with 264 votes weighted at 640, third was WWI Colonial w ith 256 votes weighted at 551.

The Theme Editor wi ll be Bob Marshall w ho has been demonstra ting a lot of prize winning Mexican Ameri can War games at the majo r conventions over the years. He has a stellar group of gamers in that peri od lined up to do arti cles.

Those of you whose theme choice lost out, do not despair. I have lin ed up my Theme Editor choice for WWI Colonials to do several major articles and several in-depth Terrain articl es are in the works.

I know you w ill alljo in me in a special thanks to Bill Protz who gave uswhat has to be the best covered Theme Year to date w ith the French and Indian Wars. We have not heard the last of Bill as I have several articles from him that w ill appear one per issue to round out that period.

A NEW NAPOLEONIC EDITOR

We owe special thanks to Jim Amold who departs as our NapoleoniC Editor to pursue a writing career in Military Histo ry (we li ke to think we got Jim his start) , and welcome Jim Birdseye as our new Napoleonic Edito r starting w ith IX-1 .

DAMAGED COPIES OF THE COURIER

Those of you who receive damaged cop ies o f The Courier (miss ing o r blank pages, upside down pri nt, etc. - those damaged by the Post Office do not co unt) shou ldreturn them with a post paid large enve lope (1 st Class postage) and we w ill supply you with a new copy.

BAD ADDRESSES

We sti ll get a lot of iss ues back because people refuse to believe that the Post Awfu l w ill not forward THIRD CLASS magazines and do no t send us their address change at least 60 days ahead of time. We have to charge 52.50 to return these to you (51.00 for the Postage Due and the rest to cover mailing, enve lope, etc.). So please give us plenty of address change noti ce. And if you are missingan issue and have recently moved send in your 52.50 and we w ill forward your copy to you.

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UNIFORMS OF THE BRITISH ARMY IN NORTH AMERICA 1754-1768

BY WILLIAM S. BILES

Standard bearers of Britain 's 46th Foot stand in the line of battle in regulation dress. Miniatures are 30mm Willies from the collection of Bill Protz. Photo by Bill Kojis.

Th eme Editor 's Preface: I have taken the liberty of presenting articles regard­ing British uniforms of the era written separately by Bill and Wa yne to pre­sent one allied effort to maximise information. The first piece written by Bill concerns British uniforms in general while the second composed by Wayne highlights one regiment, the 60th Royal Americans. - Bill Protz

The British Army on parade in the mid-Eighteenth Century must have been a glo rious sight. Imagine - the pomp and ceremony of dri ll being con­ducted by officers and NCOs in scarl et coats decorated lavishly w ith lace and wearing clean white gaite rs. Picture the grenadiers w earing heavily embroidered m itre caps. The Highlanders, pipes a-dron ing, marching in scarl et coats and wea ring belted p laids. Yes, it must have made an incred­ible sight.

Then shots were exchanged in 1754 between French regu lars and Col. Washington 's Virginia provincials ata place ca lled Great meadows in farof Ameri ca - and yet again the British Armywas required to prepare for battl e agai nst their old enemies, the French. This time the battles were to be fought in that trackless w ilderness - America. The fi ght in North Ameri ca, th rough ru gged terrain and agai nstan enemy that was at firstprimari lycom­posed of Indians, Canadian militia, and "Colony regu lars" (Co mpagnie Franches de la Marine), caught the British Army unprepared.

By the middle of the 18th Century the unifo rms of the British Army had been regu lated to the point that, outside of the facing colors, most of the regiments looked the same. British infantry wore co llarl ess "scarl et" coats that hung to just above the knees. Wide lapels, rather wide, slashed cuffs, and the linings ofthe coats, the skirts of which were worn turned back, were all in the facing color. The lapels, buttonholes, and cuffs were decorated w ith distinctive regimental lace. The coat was further decorated with lace panels above the slash in the cuffs and lace around the pockets. When the weather was co ld or inclement, the lapels of the coat could be worn closed .

Under the coat was worn a red, long-sleeved waistcoat that hung to mid­thigh. The edges of the wa istcoa t and pockets were no rmally trimmed with lace. Breeches were red for all regiments except those that were designated

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as " Royal" regiments. Royal regiments wore blue breeches.

White gaiters (brown during campaigns) were worn to mid-thigh, covering stockings and the knee and lower thigh of the breeches. The men wore black shoes and black felt tri co rn s. Tri co rn s were edged whi te. The cockade was black. Grenadiers wore heavily embroidered 12" tall mitre caps, the fronts of which were generally in the facing color. The lower portion of the rear of the cap was also in the facing color and the upper rear portion was red and trimmed with lace.

A wide, light buff leather belt was worn over the left shoulder and sup­ported a black ammunition pouch worn at the right hip. Another beltofthe same color was worn over the waistcoat around the waist and held a bayonet and sword. W hen the coat was closed, this second belt was worn on the outside of the coat. Hair was worn about shou lder length and t ied back with a black ribbon. Beards and mustaches were forbidden.

This then was the regulation uniform worn by the British infantry in 1754. However, conditions in North Ameri can dictated changes and changes were indeed made. At the end of the War of Spanish Succession, in 1713, England received Acadia from France and renamed the area Nova Scotia. The 40th, 45th, and 47th Foot were stationed in the new town of Halifax in the early 1750s. These regiments were dressed in the regu lation manner. After the disaster at Great M eadows, the Colonial Governors clamored for the dispatch of British regulars to the colonies to discou rage French en­croachment on lands that the Governors felt belonged to the English Crown. Consequently, in early 1755, General Braddock was sent to Virginia w ith the 44th and 48th Foot - both understrength. Braddock o rdered changes in the uniforms and the manner of equipment transportation and thus began the evolution of the British uniforms to meet the cond itions found in North America.

Braddock's men were marching over mountains and through forest, cutting a road as they went. He ordered that waistcoats, crossbelts, swords and other bu lky equipment be left in the wagons. Waistcoats and breeches were of a lighter material , probably a white linen, than the customary woo l.

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