Sample Comsat Cost Calculation
Transcript of Sample Comsat Cost Calculation
8/14/2019 Sample Comsat Cost Calculation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/sample-comsat-cost-calculation 1/21
8/14/2019 Sample Comsat Cost Calculation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/sample-comsat-cost-calculation 2/21
8/14/2019 Sample Comsat Cost Calculation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/sample-comsat-cost-calculation 3/21
4.5 Meter Direct Service
(a) For 4.5M and 150 oK (GRG/TRG) = 21.3 dB
(b) X = -121.5 + 163 + 3 - 21 – 3.5 = 20 dB
(c) (C/N)U = (C/N)T (1+X) = 10*1.5 ( 1 + 10*2.0) = 3,194 = 35 dB
(d) (C/N)D= (C/N)T(1+1/X)= 10*1.5 ( 1+10*-2.0) = 31.9 = 15 dB
(e) Up-link: “C/kT” = 31.7 dB Hz + 35 = 66.7 dB Hz !!!
ERP = (“C/kT”) + k – G/T – Lfs6 = 66.7 - 228 – 3 + 200 = 35.7
(f) RP = ERP – G 4.5 @ 6GHz = 35.7 – 46.5 = 10.8 dBw => 0.10 watts
(g) Down-link: “C/kT” = 31.9 + 15 = 46.9 G/T = 43-21.7 = 21.3
(h) ERP = 46.9 – 228 - 21.3 + 196.5 = -5.9 dBw
(i) RP satellite = -5.9 - 25 = -30.9 dBw => 0.81 milli-watts
8/14/2019 Sample Comsat Cost Calculation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/sample-comsat-cost-calculation 4/21
1.2 Meter (4-foot) Direct Service
(a) For 1.2 M and 150 oK (GRG/TRG) = 9.6 dB/ oK
(b) X = -121.5 + 163 + 3 – 9.6 – 3.5 = 31.4 dB
(c) (C/N)U = (C/N)T (1+X) = 10*1.5 ( 1 + 10*3.14) => 46.4 dB
(d) (C/N)D= (C/N)T(1+1/X)= 10*1.5 ( 1+10*-3.14) => 15 dB
(e) Up-link: “C/kT” = 31.7 dB Hz + 46.4 = 78.1 dB Hz !!!
ERP = (“C/kT”) + k – (G/T)SAT – Lfs6 = 78.1 - 228 – 3 + 200 = 47.1
(f) RP = ERP – G 1.2 @ 6GHz = 47.1 – 35 = 12.1 dBw => 16 watts
(g) Down-link: “C/kT” = 31.7 + 15 = 46.7 GRG/TRG = 9.6
(h) ERP = 46.9 – 228 – 9.6 + 196.5 = +5.6 dBw
(i) RP satellite = +5.6 - 25 = -19.4 dBw => 11.5 milli-watts
8/14/2019 Sample Comsat Cost Calculation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/sample-comsat-cost-calculation 5/21
1.2 Meter (4-foot) To Hub Station
(a) For 11 M and 150 oK (GRG/TRG) = 29.9 dB/ oK GRG= 51.7 dB
(b) X = -121.5 + 163 + 3 – 29.9 – 3.5 = 11.1 dB
(c) (C/N)U = (C/N)T (1+X) = 10*1.6 ( 1 + 10*1.11) => 27.1 dB
(d) (C/N)D= (C/N)T(1+1/X)= 10*1.6 ( 1+10*-1.11) => 16.1 dBnote we add 1 dB to C/N to account for two hops.
(e) Up-link: “C/kT” = 31.7 dB Hz + 27.1 = 58.8 dB Hz
ERP = (“C/kT”) + k – (G/T)SAT – Lfs6 = 58.8 - 228 – 3 + 200 = 27.8
(f) RP = ERP – G 1.2 @ 6GHz = 27.8 – 35 = -7.2 dBw => 0.19 watts
(g) Down-link: “C/kT” = 31.7 + 16.1 = 48.8 GRG/TRG = 29.9
(h) ERP = 48.8 – 228 – 29.9 + 196.5 = -12.6 dBw
(i) RP satellite = -12.6 - 25 = -37 6 dBw => 0.17 milli-watts
8/14/2019 Sample Comsat Cost Calculation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/sample-comsat-cost-calculation 6/21
Hub Station to 1.2 Meter (4-foot)
(a) For 1.2 M and 150 oK (GRG/TRG) = 9.6 dB/ oK GTG = 54.2 dB
(b) X = -121.5 + 163 + 3 – 9.6 – 3.5 = 31.4 dB
1 dB higher C/N for two-hop
(c) (C/N)U = (C/N)T (1+X) = 10*1.6 ( 1 + 10*3.14) => 47.4 dB
(d) (C/N)D= (C/N)T(1+1/X)= 10*1.6 ( 1+10*-3.14) => 16 dB
(e) Up-link: “C/kT” = 31.7 dB Hz + 47.4 = 79.1 dB Hz
ERP = (“C/kT”) + k – (G/T)SAT – Lfs6 = 79.1 - 228 – 3 + 200 = 48.1
(f) RP = ERP – G 1.2 @ 6GHz = 48.1 – 54.2 = -6.1 dBw => 0.24 watts
(g) Down-link: “C/kT” = 31.7 + 16 = 47.7 GRG/TRG = 9.6
(h) ERP = 46.9 – 228 – 9.6 + 196.5 = +7.6 dBw
(i) RP satellite = +7.6 - 25 = -17.4 dBw => 18 milli-watts
8/14/2019 Sample Comsat Cost Calculation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/sample-comsat-cost-calculation 7/21
Compare Three Approaches for the
same customer characteristics.
• 1,000 ground stations each with 1.2 kB/sec (1,500Hz B and 15 dB C/N)
• Each station can receive from the other • Duty cycle is 2%: I.e. the satellite transmitter
average power is given by Per channel power x
1,000 / 50.• Cost of satellite $3 Million/watt (linear).
• Cost of ground equipment from previous notes.
8/14/2019 Sample Comsat Cost Calculation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/sample-comsat-cost-calculation 8/21
Comparison
8/14/2019 Sample Comsat Cost Calculation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/sample-comsat-cost-calculation 9/21
Comparison (cont.)
8/14/2019 Sample Comsat Cost Calculation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/sample-comsat-cost-calculation 10/21
COMPARISON OF SYSTEMS
WITH DIFFERENT CAPITAL AND ANNUAL COSTS
Interest on money:
Put S .dollars in the bank
In one year the money will be equal to: S ( 1+ I )
Where I is the bank’s interest rate
If there is an inflation rate of R, one dollar in one year will be worth l / (l+R)in its buying power.
. . The real value of the bank deposit after one year is
To avoid guessing the inflation rate we will use constant dollars, dollars that have a.
value equal. to today's value. We will then use an interest rate “i” that represents a real
increase in value.
i = I - R
8/14/2019 Sample Comsat Cost Calculation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/sample-comsat-cost-calculation 11/21
Present Value The value of a deposit is then after one year (in constant $)
V1 = S ( l + I )In two years:
V2 = S (l + i) (l + i)
In n years:
Vn = S (l + i)** n
“Present Value” is the amount of money you commit now to have a
given number of doller in year “n”.
To have M dollars in year n:
8/14/2019 Sample Comsat Cost Calculation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/sample-comsat-cost-calculation 12/21
Example I
Launch a satellite with a 7-year life. What should be the charge for
transponders?Assumed Budget:
Development $20M 20
Launch $20x2M* 40
Spacecraft $15x3M * 45
Total System $105M
*(The system has two spacecraft in orbit plus one spare).The spacecraft carries twelve transponders renting for $C /year. The in-
orbit back-up carries twelve transponders, preemptible, renting for $1/2
C/year. ."
Interest rate:(The expected earnings of the investors ) i = 12%
8/14/2019 Sample Comsat Cost Calculation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/sample-comsat-cost-calculation 13/21
Total Present Value = $82.14 C
Initial Cost = $105 M = 82.14 C for desired earnings.
C = $105 M / 82.14 = $1.28 Million per year
8/14/2019 Sample Comsat Cost Calculation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/sample-comsat-cost-calculation 14/21
Example II -
Same cost of satellite but it has 24 transponders. They are rented out, a few
at first and growing over the years, a more conservative business plan.Year (1 + i)-n Rental Income Present Value
1 .89 5C 4.45C
2 .80 10C 8.00C
3 .71 15C 10.65C
4 .64 20C 12.80C
5 .57 24C 13.680C
6 .51 24C 12.24C
7 .45 24C 10.80C
Total Present Value =72.60 C
For 12% interest (earnings) on $105 M investment:
$ 105 M = 72.6 C C = $1.45 per year
8/14/2019 Sample Comsat Cost Calculation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/sample-comsat-cost-calculation 15/21
8/14/2019 Sample Comsat Cost Calculation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/sample-comsat-cost-calculation 16/21
8/14/2019 Sample Comsat Cost Calculation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/sample-comsat-cost-calculation 17/21
Present Value of constant yearly cost
The present value of $C/year for n years is:
8/14/2019 Sample Comsat Cost Calculation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/sample-comsat-cost-calculation 18/21
EXAMPLE I of Yearly Cost:
Say a ground station lasts ten years. A satellite transponder
rents for $1.35 M/year
How many dollars should be used for the transponder to comparewith the purchase price of the ground station?
10 years of satellite service can be purchased for:
10 years cost = PvlO x annual satellite transponder cost
10 years cost = 5.65 x $1.35M = $7.65 Million
(If transponder has 8 watts, cost per watt = 7.65/8 = $.96M)
EXAMPLE II f Y l C
8/14/2019 Sample Comsat Cost Calculation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/sample-comsat-cost-calculation 19/21
EXAMPLE II of Yearly Cost:
. Ground station cost $20,000 to
purchase. . It has an annual operation
and maintenance cost of $2,000 per
year. (10% of cost).What is the present value of ten years of
operation?
Pv
= 20,000 + 2,000. PvlO
= 20,000 + 5.65 x 2,000
Pv = $31.300
8/14/2019 Sample Comsat Cost Calculation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/sample-comsat-cost-calculation 20/21
8/14/2019 Sample Comsat Cost Calculation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/sample-comsat-cost-calculation 21/21
EXAMPLE IV of Yearly Cost
What annual rental fee would have to be charged for use of the station to give a 12% rate of return?
10 years of charges at $F/year PVincome = PV10 * F = $5.65 F
This must equal the present value of costs lesssalvage.
5.65 F = $28,740 F =$5,086/year(Of Course the game is to borrow the money at a low
interest rate and charge enough to earn a muchhigher rate of return.)