Sample Biology Project 2
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Transcript of Sample Biology Project 2
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HUMAN HEALTHAND NUTRITION
TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION
(TPN)ANDTHE VITAL ROLEITPLAYS
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Nutrition
Definition The process by which organisms take inand utilize food material (dictionary.com)
It is important to maintain proper nutrition within our bodiesto be healthy, happy and live a long time!
TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITIONOR TPN (FORSHORT) ISJUSTINTRAVENOUSNUTRITIONADMINISTEREDTHROUGHTHEVEINSOFTHEBODY. THISISGIVENTOPEOPLEWHOCANNOTEATORCANNOTABSORBNUTRIENTSTHROUGHOUTSOMEPARTOFTHEIRDIGESTIVESYSTEM.
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Calorie and Kilocalorie
Definition calorie or kilocalorie a unit of heat, equal to one thousandcalories, often used to express the heat output of an organism or the
energy value of food (dictionary.com)
Good calorie Bad calorie
It is important to watch the intake amount of calories per day. A healthy
amount of caloric intake is equivalent to 2000 calories/day! A BAGOF TPN ISFORMULATEDDEPENDENTONAPERSONSWEIGHTANDHOW
MANYCALORIESARENEEDEDACCORDINGTOTHATPERSON. THECALORIESARE
ATTRIBUTEDTHROUGHTHEFATANDAMINOACIDADDITIVEWHICHARE
PERSONALIZEDACCORDINGTOTHEPATIENTSNEED.
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Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) Definition -- The rate at which energy is used by an organism at complete
rest, measured in humans by the heat given off per unit time, andexpressed as the calories released per kilogram of body weight or persquare meter of body surface per hour. (Dictionary.com)
BMR is important to know to be able to maintain
a healthy weight. Knowing your at restmetabolic calorie burning weight can help
calculate how much caloric intake you should
cut out or consume to maintain a healthy
weight.
INPATIENTSWITH TPN, BMR ISIMPORTANTTOKNOWTOCALCULATETHEAMOUNTOFBODYFATPERMUSCLEINTHEPATIENTSBODYTOHELPTHEDOCTOR, DIETICIANANDPHARMACISTFORMULATETHERIGHTNUTRITIONALVALUEBASEDBAGTOGIVEINTRAVENOUSLYOVERA 12 TO 24 HOURPERIOD.
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Blood Pressure
Definition -- the pressure of the blood against the inner walls of the bloodvessels, varying in different parts of the body during different phases of
contraction of the heart and under different conditions of health, exertion,
etc. (Dictionary.com)
It is important for the body to maintain a blood
pressure with the appropriate range of
systolic/diastolic parameters.
The measurement of blood pressure tells your
doctor how your heart regulates the flow of blood
throughout your body.
IN TPN PARAMETERS, ITISREQUIREDTHATAPATIENTWHETHERATHOMEORIN
THEHOSPITALBEMONITOREDBYTAKINGVITALS ONAREGULARBASIS.
MAINTENANCEOFANORMALRANGEISVITALTOAPERSONSHEALTH.
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Nutrients Nutrients -- providing nourishment or nutriment
(Dictionary.com)
BAD NUTRIENTS GOOD NUTRIENTS
Nutrients are an important part of a healthy lifestyle. Making sure that you eat the
appropriate foods with nutritional value will keep your weight healthy and yourbody happy!
IN TPN, NUTRIENTSARETHEBASICVITALITYOFTHEPRODUCT. WHENFEEDINGINTRAVENOUSLY, ONLYWHATISNEEDEDFORADAILYVALUEOFNUTRITIONISCALCULATEDINTOTHEBAGFORTHEPATIENT, ENSURINGTHATTHEBODYUSESALL THENUTRIENTSPROVIDEDANDTHEREISNOWASTE
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Essential Amino Acids Definition -- any amino acid that is required by an animal for growth but
that cannot be synthesized by the animal's cells and must be supplied in thediet. (Dictionary.com)
Examples of foods that contain essential amino acids are fish, poultry and eggs.These are called complete proteins because they contain all the essential amino
acids needed that the body can not produce by itself. (livestrong.com)
IN TPN FORMULASCREATEDFORPATIENTS, THEESSENTIALAMINOACIDISPROVIDEDBASEDONTHEDIETICIANSRECOMMENDATIONSANDTHEPHARMACISTS CALCULATIONS. BRANDNAMESOFTHESOLUTIONARETROPHAMINE (PEDIATRICS) AMINOSYNAND TRAVASOL. (RXLIST.COM)
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Essential Fatty Acids Definition -- are necessary for human health but the body can' t make them
-- you have to get them through food.
Omega-3 fatty acids can be found in fish, such as salmon, tuna, and halibut,other seafood including algae and krill, some plants, and nut oils.http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/omega-3-000316.htm#ixzz2Cpy8CDY4
These are the good fats that your body needs to
maintain an ideal health and wellness weight. It is
always the best choice to eat the good fats over
the bad fats.
IN TPN FORMULATION, FATTYACIDSAREDETERMINEDBYTHEAMOUNTOFINTRALIPIDSANDAMINOACIDSOLUTIONTHATISFORMULATEDWITHINTHE TPNBAG
. SOME
PATIENTS
DO
NOT
GET
INTRALIPIDS
IF
THEY
ARE
ALLERGIC
TO
EGGS
.
http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/omega-3-000316.htmhttp://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/omega-3-000316.htmhttp://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/omega-3-000316.htmhttp://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/omega-3-000316.htmhttp://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/omega-3-000316.htmhttp://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/omega-3-000316.htmhttp://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/omega-3-000316.htmhttp://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/omega-3-000316.htm -
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Cholesterol Definition -- A white crystalline substance found in animal tissues and
various foods, normally synthesized by the liver and important as aconstituent of cell membranes and a precursor to steroid hormones.
(dictionary.com)
Good Cholesterol Bad Cholesterol
Having a high cholesterol can lead to sufficient heart problems of all kinds
and eventually death if not taken care of appropriately. Exercise and eating
the proper foods can help to lower the bodys cholesterol so that there are
no white deposits in the arteries and heart that are not necessary.
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Fats Definition -- Any of various soft, solid, or semisolid organic compounds
constituting the esters of glycerol and fatty acids and their associated organicgroups (Dictionary.com)
It is important to watch what foods that contain fats are put into your body, too
much sugar leads to fat storage in which cant be metabolized appropriately.Examples of fatty foods are: greasy or fried foods, cakes, pies, ice-cream, candy,
popcorn, butter, cookies and mayonnaise.
It formulation of TPN, clinicians focus on the essential fatty acids that
are healthy and vital for absorption within a patient.
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Vitamins Definition -- any of a group of organic substances essential in small quantities
to normal metabolism, found in minute amounts in natural foodstuffs orsometimes produced synthetically: deficiencies of vitamins produce specificdisorders (Dictionary.com)
Vitamins are needed in the body everyday.
Depleting vitamins from the body can cause
death. For example, when people consume too
much alcohol, they go into the emergency room
and get an IV liter bag full of a yellow substance,
which are multi-vitamin regimen (they smell like vitamins
too when drawn out of the vial).
IN TPN MIXTURES, THEVITAMINSAREPUTINLASTBECAUSEOFTHESTABILITY
WHENDRAWNOUTOFTHEVIAL (24 HOURS). A UNIVERSALDOSEOFVITAMINS
AREPUTINTHE TPN BAGSRIGHTBEFOREADMINISTRATIONTOENSURESTABILITY,
UNLESSTHEDOCTORPRESCRIBESOTHERWISE.
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/metabolismhttp://dictionary.reference.com/browse/metabolism -
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Malnutrition
Definition -- Poor nutrition because of an insufficient or poorly balanced diet orfaulty digestion or utilization of foods (Dictionary.com)
Being malnourished can cause a variety of health problems.It is important to nourish your body accordingly to prevent
a hospitalization or have to get intravenous food.
PATIENTSTHATNEEDTOBEON TPN AREUSUALLYFOUNDTOBEMALNOURISHEDBEFOREGETTING TPN. THISISBECAUSEPEOPLE
WHONEEDORGET TPN USUALLYHAVEAPOORDIGESTIVESYSTEMWITHSOME
ASPECTNOTWORKINGRIGHTINTHEBODYTHATABSORBSNUTRIENTS.
ITJUSTDEPENDSONTHEDIAGNOSIS.
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Eating Disorders Some eating disorders include:
Anorexia Loss of appetite, especially as a result of disease (Dictionary.com)
Bulimia a disorder characterized by compulsive overeating followed by vomiting:
sometimes associated with anxiety about gaining weight (Dictionary.com)
Starving oneself
Overeating
Having an eating disorder leads to a variety of health problems and even death.
People who characterize these disorders in the hospital often have to teach their
bodies how to eat right again.
INRELATIONTO TPN, IFTHEDISORDERISSOBADTHATITHASDAMAGEDTHEABSORPTIONOFNUTRIENTSINTOTHEBODY, DOCTORSCANORDERA TPN
REGIMEN. HOWEVER, THATISSTRICTLYINRELATIONTODIAGNOSISANDHOW
SEVERETHEDISORDERHASEFFECTEDTHEPATIENT'SBRAIN.
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CreditDictionary.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2012.
.
RX List The Internet Drug Index. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Oct. 2012.
.
University of Maryland Medical Center. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2012.
.
Nelson, RD, Sheri, and Brooke Schaat, PharmD. Telephone interview.
14 Oct. 2012.