Sama Vimarshee August Sept 2013 - Centre for Policy ... for Policy Alternatives 3 Mf];l; -...
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Transcript of Sama Vimarshee August Sept 2013 - Centre for Policy ... for Policy Alternatives 3 Mf];l; -...
ISSN 955-1800-0061
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2013 Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu;
khw;Wf; nfhs;iffSf;fhd epiyaj;jpd; ntspaPL
1C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013 r kh jh d Neh f; F
ISSN 955-1800-0061
kyh; 10 ,jo; 02 Xf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013
njhiyNgrp 94-1-2370801/4 njhiyefy; 94-1-2370802 kpd;dQ;ry; [email protected] ,izaj;jsk; www.cpalanka.org
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2 C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
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3C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013 r kh jh d Neh f; F
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Photo source: http://photodivision.gov.in
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4 C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
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gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk;
tl khfhz rigahdJ
(cz;ikapNyNa mtu;fsJ gak;
,e;j khfhz rig njhlu;ghf
kl;LNk) Njrpa xUikg;ghL
Mgj;ij vjpu;nfhs;Sk;
vd;gNj mjpfhug; gfpu;Tf;F
vjpuhdtu;fs; Kd; itf;fpd;w
thjj;jpd; fUg;nghUs; MFk;.
Muk;gj;jpy; ,JnthU rpW
tplakhff; fhzg;gLfpd;w
NghJk; vjpu;fhyj;jpy; ghuJ}
ukhd tpisTfSf;F fhuzkhf
mikAk; epiyikiaj;
Njhw;Wtpf;Fk;
5C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013 r kh jh d Neh f; F
—
˜
FOnthd;W fhzg;gLfpwJ. mJ = yq;fh
Rje;jpuf; fl;rp mq;fj;jtu;fis kl;LNk
cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. ru;tfl;rpg; gpujpepjpfs;
FOTld; (APRC) njhlu;Gs;stu;fnsd
midtUf;Fk; njupe;j jp];] tpjhuz
kw;Wk; uTg; `f;fPk; MfpNahu; $l
mjpy; cs;slf;fg;gltpy;iy. 13tJ
jpUj;jk; gw;wpAk; FO MuhaTs;sJ.
ghuhSkd;w njupTf;FO jkpo; Njrpaf;
$l;lzpf;F (TNA) Muk;gj;jpNyNa
Nahrid njuptpj;j re;ju;g;gj;jpy;
murhq;fj;jpw;Fk; mtu;fSf;Fkpilapy;
Neubg; Ngr;Rthu;j;ijfs; ve;jnthU jpir
Nehf;fpAk; gadspf;fhJ ,ilapy; Kwpe;jJ.
murhq;fk; jdJ Nahridfis njuptpf;f
tpUk;ghik my;yJ murhq;fj;jpd; ,ayhik
vd;gdNt mjw;fhd fhuzkhaike;jJ. mr;
re;ju;g;gj;jpy; gjpd;%d;whtJ jpUj;jk; xU
tplakhff; fhzg;gltpy;iy. FO mjdpYk;
Nkyhfr; nry;Yk; vd;gjpNyNa ,zf;fk;
fhzg;gl;lJ. mit Ngr;Rthu;j;ijapd;
Muk;gg; Gs;spahf fhzg;gl;lNj xopa
tpthjj;jpw;fhd tplakhf fhzg;gltpy;iy.
Nfhy; fk;gj;ij NtW Xu; ,lj;jpw;F
efu;j;JtJ muR ,J njhlu;ghf Nkw;nfhz;l
nraw;ghlhFk;. kw;nwhU tpjj;jpy;
$Wtjhapd; mJ Vkhw;Wf;fhud; xUtDld;
rPl;L tpisahLtJ Nghd;wjhFk;.
mjpfhug; gfpu;thdJ ,r; re;ju;g;gj;jpy;
'vkJ murhq;fj;jpy;" ,ul;il mu;j;jk;
nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ vd;gJld; gjpy; Fwpahf
mJ mjd; ghijapy; epWj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
mJ vt;tifapYk; iftplg;gltpy;iy.
2013 khu;r; khj If;fpa ehLfspd; kdpj
cupikfs; Nguit (UNHCR) Nahridapy;
tlkhfhz rigj; Nju;jy; njhlu;ghd
Fwpg;G> mj; Nju;jy; eilngWnkd [g;ghd;
muRf;F [dhjpgjp mtu;fs; mspj;j
thf;FWjp> mJ mt;thW eilngwhJ tpbd;
kw;Wk; { my;yJ gjpd;%d;whtJ jpUj;jk;
njhlu;e;Jk; jpUj;jg;gbd; 2013Mk; Mz;L
etk;gu; khjj;jpy; nfhOk;gpy; eilngwTs;s
nghJeytha ehLfspd; jiytu;fspd;
$l;lj;ij (CHOGM) NtnwhU ehl;bw;Ff;
nfhz;L nry;tjw;F ,e;jpah mOj;jk;
nfhLg;gjw;fhd tha;g;G Mfpa midj;J
fhuzpfSk; xUq;F Nru;e;J tpNrlkhf
,e;jpahtpd; jhf;fk; mjpfhug; gfpu;T gw;wpa
tpthj;jpidj; jw;fhypfkhf epWj;jpAs;sJ.
mJ kPz;Lk; Muk;gpf;fg;gLk;. Gypg;
g+r;rhz;b kw;Wk; Aj;j ntw;wp vd;gd
njhlu;e;J ehl;by; ,lk;ngWk; murpaypy;
murhq;fj;jpd; rhjf epiyikf;fhTs;s
rpwe;j fhuzpahf fhzg;gLfpwJ.
MfNt gjpd;%d;whtJ jpUj;jj;ij
,y;yhnjhopj;jy; my;yJ mij xd;WNk
,y;yhj epiyf;F jpUj;Jjy; vd;gd j.tp.G
I Aj;j uPjpahf Njhw;fbj;jYld; njhlu;ghd
Kbtw;w murpay; Ntiyj;jpl;lkhf
fhzg;gLfpwJ. mijr; nra;a ,aYkhd
rpwe;j tpjkhdJk; mJ ,lk; ngWtjw;F
kpfTk; rhj;jpakhfTs;sJkhd re;ju;g;gk;
nghJeytha ehLfspd; jiytu;fspd; $l;lj;
njhlupd; #l;NlhL #l;lhf 2014 Mz;bd;
Kjyhk; fhyhz;by; eilngwr; rhj;jpaKs;s
[dhjpgjpj; Nju;jnyhd;wpd; Nju;jy;
gpur;rhuj;jpy; mt;tplak; Fwpg;gplg;gLtjhFk;.
,jd; %yk; ,yq;ifapd; thf;fhsu;fSf;F
mjpfhug; gfpu;nthd;W mtrpakw;wnjdTk;
nraw;ghl;bYs;s xU [dehafj;jpy;
thf;fshu;fsJ tpUg;G fl;lhak;
ftdj;jpw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;LnkdTk;
,e;jpahtpw;F my;yJ NtW vtUf;Fk;
$Wtjw;F murhq;fj;jpw;Fj; Njithad
[duQ;rfkhd cj;jpNahfg+u;t gzpg;ghiz
(Mandate) fpilf;fg;ngWk;.
,J eilngw;why; njhlu;e;Jk; Nkhjy;
eilngWtNj mjd; tpisthf mikAk;.
MfNt ,J vt;tsT J}u Nehf;fw;Wf;
fhzg;gl;l NghJk;> murhq;fk; ,e;
epiyikapd; fPo; cs;ehl;by; murpay;
uPjpahd ed;ikfis vjpu;ghu;f;fpd;w
tiu> ,e; epiyik njhlUk;. ,it
fhuzkhf murpay; tpku;rfu; gyuhYk;
vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wthW njupT nra;ag;gLk;
jkpo; Njrpaf; $l;likg;G (TNA) Ml;rp
elhj;Jk; khfhz rignahd;wpd;
nraw;ghLfSk; ,e; epiyikfspd; fPNoNa
,lk;ngWk;. mikjpahd murpay; jlhfj;jpy;
gazk; nra;a mtu;fs; epu;g;ge;jpf;fg;gLtu;.
NkYk; ,lk;ngwg; NghtJ ahnjdpy;
mjd; thf;fhsu;fspd; ehshe;j tho;tpay;
Njitfs;> mePjpahd kw;Wk; mtw;iw
njhlu;gw;w tpjkhd mtyq;fshf
ntspf;fhl;Ltjw;fhd rpq;fs cupikapd;
gpbthjkhd Kaw;rpfs; vd;gtw;Wf;F
Kfq;nfhLf;f NeupLk; xU gpuahzj;ijNa
vjpu;Nehf;f NeupLk;.
Nkhjypd; gpd;duhd epiyikia
Nehf;fpg; gazpj;jy; vd;gJ vg;NghJk;
NghyNt trg;gLj;jpf;nfhs;s
Kbahjnjhd;whf fhzg;gLfpwJ. NghUf;Fg;
gpd;duhd epiyikapypUe;J kPz;LnkhU
Kiw Nkhjy; epiyikapid Nehf;fpg;
gazpg;gjw;fhd tha;g;Gf;fNs jw;NghJ
epyTfpd;w mghakhFk;.
khfhzq;fSf;fhd
cj;Njr mjpfhug; gfpu;thdJ
murpd; xUikg;ghl;bw;F
mikthdjhFnkd cau;
ePjpkd;wk; cWjp nra;Js;sJ
vd;gJk; ,q;F ftdj;jpw;
nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mJ
vt;thwhapDk; khfhzq;fSf;F
mjpfhuk; gfpug;gly; njhlu;ghd
mjpfhu rkepiy cWjpahfNt
kj;jpa muRf;F rhjfkhdjhf
cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;snjdf;
Fwpg;gply; Ntz;Lk;.
,t; mjpfhu cUthf;fk;
fle;j ,UgJ tUlq;fs;
KOtJk; ePjpkd;wj;jpdhy;
Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ.
6 C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013r kh jh d Neh f; F
13tJ murpayikg;G jpUj;jj;jjpw;F mika nraw;gLk; re;ju;g;gk; khfhz rigfSf;F
fpilf;fhikapd; fhuzkhf khfhz rig Kiwik ntw;wpaspf;Fkh ,y;iyah vd;gJ
gw;wp Rkhu; fle;j 24 tUlfhy mDgtj;jpd; %yk; $w KbahJs;sJ. khfhz rigfs;
jkJ mjpfhuj;ij cupa Kiwapy; nraw;gLj;Jtjw;fhd re;ju;g;gj;jpid kj;jpa murhq;fk;
toq;ftpy;iy.
tlf;F fpof;F khfhzq;fSf;Nf khfhz rigfs; Kiwik mtrpakhff;
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. MapDk; mq;F mJ nraw;gltpy;iy. Kjy; ,uz;L Mz;Lfspy;
khj;jpuk; khfhz rigfs; ,aq;fpd. jw;NghJ mJ kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpd; Xu; fUtpahfNt
fhzg;gLfpwJ.
khfhz rigfs; xU nts;is ahid vdg;gLk; fUj;J ,jd; %yk; cWjp
nra;ag;gLfpwJ. khfhz rigfs; Kiwik ntw;wpfukhf nraw;gLtjw;F gy epge;jidfs;
gy cz;L. mjpy; KjyhtJ tlf;F fpof;F khfhz rigfSf;F murpayikg;Gr; rl;lj;jpd;
fPo; fpilf;f Ntz;ba mjpfhuq;fSk; tsq;fSk; cupathW fpilf;f Ntz;Lnkd;gjhFk;.
mt;thNw mJ Rje;jpukhfr; nraw;gLtjw;F 5 tUl fhy mtfhrkhtJ fpilf;fg; ngwy;
Ntz;Lk;.
tlf;F fpof;F jtpu;e;j Vida midj;J khfhz rigfSk; Ml;rp mjpfhuj;jpYs;s
murhq;fq;fspd; fPo;> kj;jpa murpd; xU gFjpahfNt nraw;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gJ
,uz;lhtJ tplakhFk;. MfNt> ve;jnthU re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; khfhz rigfspy; Rakhf MfNt> ve;jnthU re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; khfhz rigfspy; Rakhf
tpUj;jpailtjw;fhd re;ju;g;gk; toq;fg;gltpy;iy. jhk; kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpd; kw;WnkhU tpUj;jpailtjw;fhd re;ju;g;gk; toq;fg;gltpy;iy. jhk; kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpd; kw;WnkhU
fukhff; fUjpNa khfhz rigfspd; Ml;rpapYs;s kf;fl; gpujpepjpfs; nraw;gl;Ls;sdu;. fukhff; fUjpNa khfhz rigfspd; Ml;rpapYs;s kf;fl; gpujpepjpfs; nraw;gl;Ls;sdu;.
kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpdhy; epu;tfpf;fg;gLfpd;w xU murhq;fNk khfhz rig vd;gijNa kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpdhy; epu;tfpf;fg;gLfpd;w xU murhq;fNk khfhz rig vd;gijNa
,jd; %yk; ntspg;gLj;jpAs;sdu;.,jd; %yk; ntspg;gLj;jpAs;sdu;. ,jw;fika khfhz rigfs; Kiwik ghupa
neUf;fbapid vjpu;nfhz;Ls;sJ.
kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; eltbf;iffs; khfhz rigfspdhy;
gytPdg;gLj;jg;gLtjhfTk; xU fUj;J epyTfpwJ.
tlf;F fpof;F
khfhzq;fSf;Nf
khfhz rigfs;
Kiwik mtrpakhff;
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. MapDk;
mq;F mJ nraw;gltpy;iy.
Kjy; ,uz;L Mz;Lfspy;
khj;jpuk; khfhz rigfs;
,aq;fpd. jw;NghJ mJ
kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpd;
Xu; fUtpahfNt
fhzg;gLfpwJ.
—
˜
,uz;lhe;ju FbAupikapid Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk;
murpay; ajhu;j;jk;
Nguhrpupau;[aNjt caq;nfhl
tlf;fpd; MSdu; ,uhZtj;Jld; ,ize;J kf;fsJ fhzpfis fz;fhzpg;gpy; <Lgl;l NghJ - cjad; gj;jpupifapypUe;J Photo source : vannipost.com
7C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013 r kh jh d Neh f; F
khfhz rigfspy; fhzg;gl;l khfhz rigfspy; fhzg;gl;l
FiwghLfis eptu;j;jp nra;J Ml;rp FiwghLfis eptu;j;jp nra;J Ml;rp
elj;Jk; gyk; tha;e;j epWtdq;fshf elj;Jk; gyk; tha;e;j epWtdq;fshf
mit cUthtjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd mit cUthtjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd
nraw;ghLfSk; gpd;gw;wg;gltpy;iy. nraw;ghLfSk; gpd;gw;wg;gltpy;iy.
rhj;jpag;ghl;L tsu;r;rpf;F mtrpakhd rhj;jpag;ghl;L tsu;r;rpf;F mtrpakhd
eltbf;iffSk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy. eltbf;iffSk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy.
rl;lthf;f epajpr; rl;lq;fs; jahu; nra;ag;gl rl;lthf;f epajpr; rl;lq;fs; jahu; nra;ag;gl
nghUshjhu tsq;fSk; fpilahJ. MfNt nghUshjhu tsq;fSk; fpilahJ. MfNt
mf; fUj;jpw;F epahakhd xU gpd;dzpAk; mf; fUj;jpw;F epahakhd xU gpd;dzpAk;
fhzg;gLfpwJ.fhzg;gLfpwJ.
murpay; mjpfhuj;ij KiwNflhf
ghtpj;jYk;> CoYk; %d;whtJ
fhuzpahFk;. khfhz rig
KiwikapYs;s neUf;fb epiyikapid
xU tha;g;ghfg; gad;gLj;jp khfhz
rig Kiwikf;F vjpuhd jug;gpdu; mk;
Kiwik xopf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lnkdf; $w
Kd;te;Js;sdu;.
tlNky; kw;Wk; Nky; khfhz rigfs;
$Ljyhd epajpr;rl;lq;fisjahupj;Js;s
NghJk; kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpd;
mq;fPfhuj;ijg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk;
rpf;fy; epiyik Njhd;wpAs;sJ.
mit rl;lkh mjpgu; jpizf;fsj;jpd;
mq;fPfhuj;ijg; ngw Ntz;bAs;sJ.
epajpr; rl;lq;fSf;Fk; kj;jpa
murhq;fj;jpd; mjpfhuq;fSf;FkpilNa
Kuz;ghLfspUg;gpd; mg; gpur;rpidiaj;
jPu;g;gjw;F cau;ePjpkd;wj;jpw;Fr; nry;y
Ntz;bAs;sJ. MapDk;> ,ay;ghfNt
cau; ePjpkd;wk; murhq;fj;jpw;Fr;
rhu;ghfNt ele;Jnfhs;Sk;. Vw;glf;$ba
Kuz;ghLfis khfhz rigj;
jug;gpdiug; gw;wpAk; rpe;jpj;J jPu;tpid
toq;Fk; xU nghwpKiw ,e;ehl;by;
nraw;gltpy;iy.
khfhz rig epWtd Kiwik
gyk; nghUj;jpajhff; fhzg;glhj xU
#o;epiyapy; mjw;F kf;fspd; xj;Jiog;G
fpilf;fg; ngwhikapd; fhuzkhf mJ
gytPdkilfpwJ. khfhz rig Kiwik
gw;wp Gjpjhf rpe;jpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lnkd;gNj
,t; midj;J tplq;fspypUe;Jk;
njspthfpwJ.
,dg;gpur;rpidf;Fupa xU
jPu;thfNt kuG uPjpahf khfhz rigfs;
njhlu;ghd fUj;J epyTfpd;wJ. ,jid
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L Nehf;Fkplj;J
khfhz rigfs; tlf;F fpof;fpw;F kl;LNk
Njitg;gLfpd;wd.
mjd;NghJ Nfl;fg;glhj xd;W
fpilf;fg;ngw;Ws;sJ vd;w thjk; Vida
khfhz rigfspypUe;J vOfpd;wJ.
MfNt> ,dg; gpur;rpidf;Fupa jPu;T
khfhz rigfs; KiwikNa vd;w
thjk; nraypof;fpwJ. mgptpUj;jp> Ml;rp
Kiwik vd;gtw;iw kf;fis Nehf;fp
neUf;fkilar; nra;tjw;F khfhz
rigfs; fhuzkhaikfpwJ vd;w
thjj;ij rku;g;gpg;gjd; %yNk mt;thwhd
thjk; tYtilAk;.
tlNky;> Cth> tl kj;jpa> njd;>
kj;jpa> rgufKt kw;Wk; Nky; khfhzk;
Mfpa rpq;fstu;fs; ngUk;ghd;ikahf
thOk; khfhzq;fspy; mgptpUj;jp
njhlu;ghd njhiy Nehf;nfhd;W
fhzg;gly; kw;Wk; Ml;rp elhj;Jjy;
kf;fSf;F neUf;fkhjy; vd;gdNt
mt;thjj;jpw;fhd Xu; mbg;gilf;F top
tFf;fpwJ.
khfhz rigfSf;F rhu;ghf
,Ue;jtu;fs; mJ gw;wp ftdk;
nrYj;Jtjhf ,y;iy. MfNt rpq;fs
r%fj;jpy; khfhz rig Kiwik
njhlu;ghfTs;s kf;fs; xj;Jiog;G kpff;
FiwthFk;.
murhq;fj;jpd; mjpfhug; gfpu;T jkpo;
- K];ypk; - Njhl;lj; jkpo; kf;fSf;F
kl;Lkd;wp rpq;fs gpui[fSf;Fk;
Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jJ vd;w thjk;
rku;g;gpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
cs;@uhl;rpf; fl;likg;Gf; $l
khfhz rigfs; vd;w tplaj;jpw;F
cl;gl;ljhFk;. cs;@uhl;rp epWtdq;fis
tYtilar; nra;tjw;fhf mtw;iw
khfhz rigspypUe;J tpLtpj;J kj;jpa
murhq;fj;Jld; njhlu;GgLj;Jtjw;Fg;
gjpyhf cs;@uhl;rp epWtdq;fSf;Fk;
khfhz rigfSf;FkpilNa cs;s
njhlu;gpid tYtilar; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
cs;@uhl;rp epWtdq;fspd;
FOf;fSf;F cWg;gpdu;fis epakpf;Fk;
NghJ rptpy; r%fg; gpuptpdUf;Fk; re;ju;g;gk;
toq;fg;gly; Ntz;Lnkd;W rku;g;gpf;fg;gl;l
fUj;Jld; ehd; ,zq;ftpy;iy. fpuhkpa
kl;lj;jpy; rptpy; r%fk; vd;gJ fpuhkpa
gpuG tu;f;fj;jpdu; vd;gNj ,jw;fhd
fhuzkhFk;. rptpy; r%fj;jpd; mjpfhuq;fs;
fpuhkpag; gpuGf;fs; tu;f;fj;jpduplNk
fhzg;gLfpwJ. Mrpupau;fs;> gl;ljhupfs;
kw;Wk; mur njhopy; Gupgtu;fs; MfpNahNu
MfNt> ve;jnthU MfNt> ve;jnthU
re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; khfh re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; khfh
rigfspdhy; Rakhf rigfspdhy; Rakhf
tpUj;jpailtjw;fhd tpUj;jpailtjw;fhd
re;ju;g;gk; toq;fg;gltpy;iy. re;ju;g;gk; toq;fg;gltpy;iy.
jhk; kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpd; jhk; kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpd;
kw;WnkhU fukhff; kw;WnkhU fukhff;
fUjpNa khfhz rigfspd; fUjpNa khfhz rigfspd;
Ml;rpapYs;s kf;fl; Ml;rpapYs;s kf;fl;
gpujpepjpfs; nraw;gl;Ls;sdu;. gpujpepjpfs; nraw;gl;Ls;sdu;.
kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpdhy; kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpdhy;
epu;tfpf;fg;gLfpd;w xU epu;tfpf;fg;gLfpd;w xU
murhq;fNk khfhz rig murhq;fNk khfhz rig
vd;gijNa ,jd; %yk; vd;gijNa ,jd; %yk;
ntspg;gLj;jpAs;sdu;.ntspg;gLj;jpAs;sdu;.
8 C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013r kh jh d Neh f; F
fpuhkpa gpuGf;fs; Mtu;. MapDk;> fpuhkpa
r%fj;jpy; nraw;gLk; gy;NtW r%ff;
FOf;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mit kfspu;
mikg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; kuz ed;nfhil
rfhar; rq;fq;fNs mit. mt;thwhd
,af;fq;fspd; cWg;gpdu;fisg;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;tNj nrad;Kiwr;
rhj;jpakhdjhFk;. gpujpepjpj;Jtk;
mw;wtu;fisg; gpujpepjpfshf epakpf;ff;
$lhJ. fpuhkpa kl;lg; gpuGf;fSf;F
gpujpepjpj;Jt mjpfhuj;ij toq;ff; $lhJ.
khfhz rigfSf;F fhzp kw;Wk; khfhz rigfSf;F fhzp kw;Wk;
nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg;gLtJk; nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg;gLtJk;
tpthjj;jpw;Fupa xU jiyg;ghFk;. 13tJ tpthjj;jpw;Fupa xU jiyg;ghFk;. 13tJ
murpayikg;Gr; rl;lj;jpYs;s midj;J murpayikg;Gr; rl;lj;jpYs;s midj;J
mjpfhuq;fSk; ve;jnthU khfhz mjpfhuq;fSk; ve;jnthU khfhz
rigf;Fk; toq;fg;gltpy;iy. mjpfhuk;. rigf;Fk; toq;fg;gltpy;iy. mjpfhuk;.
tiuaWf;fg;gl;l khfhz rigfshfNt tiuaWf;fg;gl;l khfhz rigfshfNt
mtw;iw miof;f KbAk;.mtw;iw miof;f KbAk;.
khfhz rigfSf;F mjpfhuq;fis
toq;FtJ njhlu;ghd ,uz;L
Eiothapy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
khfhz rigfSf;F cau;e;j gl;r
mjpfhuq;fisg; gutyhf;f Ntz;Lnkdf;
$WtJ xU EiothapyhFk;. khfhz
rigfSf;F Fiwe;jgl;r mjpfhuk;
toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkd;gNj kw;iwa
EiothapyhFk;.
khfhz rigfSf;F Fiwe;jgl;r
mjpfhuj;ij toq;f Ntz;Lnkd;w
fUj;jpdbg;gilapNyNa midj;J
murhq;fq;fSk; nraw;gl;Ls;sd.
rpq;fs murpay; gpuGf;fspd; fUj;J
,JthFk;. jkpo; kw;Wk; K];ypk;
murpay; rj;jpfSk; ngUe;Njhl;lj;Jiw
jkpo; kf;fs; gpujpepjpfSk; rptpy;
r%fj;jpy; rpy cWg;gpdu;fSNk khfhz
rigfSf;F cau;e;jgl;r mjpfhuk;
toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkd;w fUj;jpidf;
nfhz;Ls;sdu;. ,tu;fs; ,yq;ifapd;
rdj;njhifapy; xU rpW njhifapdu;
Mtu;. ,d uPjpahd ngUk;ghd;ik
r%fj;jpd; gpuG tu;f;fj;jpdu; khfhz
rigfSf;F Fiwe;jgl;r mjpfhuk;
toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkd;w fUj;jpy;
nraw;gLthu;fshapd; mf; fUj;Nj
eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk;. ,t; tplaq;fs;
khfhz rig Kiwikapd; vjpNu
tYtilAk; vdf; $w KbahJ. tYg;
ngWtjw;F Njitahd Xu; Maj;jk; rpq;fs
r%fj;jpd; murpay; gpuG tu;f;fj;jpypUe;J
vohJ.
khfhz rig Kiwik
njhlu;ghf ,e;jpahtpd; tfpgq;F gw;wpf;
fUj;jpw;nfhs;Sk; NghJ> jkpo;ehl;L
murpay; fl;rpfs; ,yq;ifj; jkpo; kf;fspd;
gpur;rpidfis mtu;fsJ murpay; epfo;r;rp
epuYf;fhf nraw;gLj;JtNj xopa mjw;F
Nkyjpfkhd xd;iwAk; nra;akhl;lhu;fs;.
vd;gJ GydhfpwJ. ,e;jpa kj;jpa muRk;
fhyj;jpw;Ff; fhyk; gpufldq;fis
ntspapLtijj; jtpu NtnwJTk;
nra;atpy;iy.
mjpfhug; gfpu;T rpWghd;ikapdupd;
cupikfisAk; murpay;
mgpyhirfisAk; ghJfhg;gjid
,yf;fhff; nfhz;Nl Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl
Ntz;Lk; vd;w thjk; gw;wp Muha;e;J
ghu;g;Nghk;. khfhz rigfs; njhlu;ghf
me;j thjk; kl;Lk; Kd;itf;fg;gLkhapd;
rpq;fs ngUk;ghd;ikapdupd; rk;kjj;ij
xU NghJk; ngw KbahJ. ,t; thjj;Jf;Fr;
rkhe;jukhf khfhz rigfspypUe;J
rpq;fs kf;fSf;F fpilf;fpd;w ed;ikfs;
ahit vd;gJ gw;wpa xU Gupe;Jzu;tpid
Vw;gLj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;.
,yq;ifapy; mjpfhug; gfpu;tpid
tYtilar; nra;tjw;F Vw;wthW mur
kWrPuikg;G Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLtJ gw;wp
tpupthf fye;Jiuahlg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
,yq;ifapy; fhzg;gLfpd;w gpujhd
gpur;rpid: rpq;fs ngsj;j kf;fs;
thOk; ngUk;ghyhd gpuNjrq;fspy;
$l mgptpUj;jpapy; Vw;wj; jho;Tfs;
fhzg;gLtjhFk;.
nfhOk;G efuk; jtpu;e;j Vida
efuq;fspd; mgptpUj;jpapYk; mt;thwhd
Vw;wj;jho;Tfs; cUthfpAs;sd.
mgptpUj;jpapd; gad;fs; Gw vy;iyfis
milar;nra;tjw;fhf khfhz rigfis
tYtilar; nra;jhy; kl;Lk; NghjhJ.
mt;te;j khfhz rigfsplk; xU
njhiyNehf;Fk; fhzg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
tsq;fs; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. MapDk;
mk; khfhz rigfspd; murpay; gpuGf;fs;
$l mt;thW rpe;jpj;J nraw;gltpy;iy.
gpuNjr murpaypypUe;J Njrpa murpaypy;
EiotNj mtu;fsJ Nehf;fkhFk;.
MapDk; mtu;fsJ gpujhd Nehf;fk;
mJthf ,Uf;ff; $lhJ. gpuNjr gpuNjr
kl;lj;jpyhd mgptpUj;jpr; nraw;ghLfis kl;lj;jpyhd mgptpUj;jpr; nraw;ghLfis
jdJ ifapnyLf;Fk; czu;T kpf;f jdJ ifapnyLf;Fk; czu;T kpf;f
gpuNjr uPjpahd Kjyhsp tu;f;fj;jpdu; gpuNjr uPjpahd Kjyhsp tu;f;fj;jpdu;
,y;yhikahdJ ,yq;ifapYs;s xU ,y;yhikahdJ ,yq;ifapYs;s xU
gpujhd FiwghlhFk;. gpujhd FiwghlhFk;.
mjd;NghJ Nfl;fg;glhj
xd;W fpilf;fg;ngw;Ws;sJ
vd;w thjk; Vida khfhz
rigfspypUe;J vOfpd;wJ.
MfNt> ,dg; gpur;rpidf;Fupa
jPu;T khfhz rigfs;
KiwikNa vd;w thjk;
nraypof;fpwJ. mgptpUj;jp>
Ml;rp Kiwik vd;gtw;iw
kf;fis Nehf;fp neUf;fkilar;
nra;tjw;F khfhz rigfs;
fhuzkhaikfpwJ vd;w
thjj;ij rku;g;gpg;gjd;
%yNk mt;thwhd thjk;
tYtilAk;.
9C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013 r kh jh d Neh f; F
gpuNjr thupahf murhq;fj;jpd;
VNjDnkhU mjpfhuq;fis jhk;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd;W
rpe;jpf;fhj rpW Kjyhsp tu;f;fNk ,q;F
cs;sdu;. ,e;jpahtpy; midj;J
khepyq;fspYk; tpahghu tu;f;fj;jpdu;
cs;sjd; fhuzj;jpdhNyNa rk\;b
Kiwik ntw;wpaile;jjw;fhd gpujhd
fhuzkhFk;. rf;jptha;e;j xU nry;te;j
tFg;gpdu; ,Ue;jjdhNyNa ,e;jpahtpd;
Me;jpuh khepyj;jpd; njYq; fhdhtpy;
jdpahd khepyk; Nfhup Mu;g;ghl;lk;
,lk;ngw;wJ.
tlf;F jtpu;e;j ,yq;ifapd;
ve;jnthU khfhz rigAk; mjpfhuj;ijf;
Nfhutpy;iy. fPo; kl;lj;jpy; xU
Mu;g;ghl;lj;ijf; $l fhz Kbatpy;iy.
gpuNjr kl;;lj;jpyhd Kjyhspj;Jt
tu;f;fj;jpdu; ,y;yhikNa ,jw;fhd
fhuzkhFk;.
gpuNjr kl;lj;jpy; njhopw;gLk; gpuNjr kl;lj;jpy; njhopw;gLk;
murpay; fl;rpfs; ,y;yhik kw;WnkhU murpay; fl;rpfs; ,y;yhik kw;WnkhU
FiwghlhFk;. ,e;jpahtpd; rk\;b FiwghlhFk;. ,e;jpahtpd; rk\;b
Kiwik ntw;wpailtjpy; khepy Kiwik ntw;wpailtjpy; khepy
kl;lj;jpy; nraw;gLk; murpay; fl;rpfSk; kl;lj;jpy; nraw;gLk; murpay; fl;rpfSk;
nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpd. ,q;F Fwpg;gplg;gLk; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpd. ,q;F Fwpg;gplg;gLk;
tplaq;fs; fhuzkhfNt ,yq;ifapd; tplaq;fs; fhuzkhfNt ,yq;ifapd;
mur mjpfhug; gfpu;T vd;w nrad;Kiw ehk; mur mjpfhug; gfpu;T vd;w nrad;Kiw ehk;
vjpu;ghu;g;gij tplTk; kpfTk; ke;j fjpapy; vjpu;ghu;g;gij tplTk; kpfTk; ke;j fjpapy;
nraw;gLfpwJ. nraw;gLfpwJ.
khfhz rigapd; epjp
Mizf; FOtpd; njhopw;ghLk;
tiuaWf;fg;gl;ljhff; fhzg;gLfpwJ.
mJ tYtw;wJ. epjp mikr;Rf;Fk; epjp
Mizf;FOtpw;FkpilNa cld;ghl;L
nghwpKiw xd;W nraw;gltpy;iy. kj;jpa
murpd; epWtdq;fSf;fk; gpuNjr uPjpahd
epWtdq;fSf;FkpilNa Nguk; NgRk;
kw;Wk; ,ilepiy mikjp vd;gd murpay;
fyhrhuj;jpd; Xu; mq;fkhf khw;wkila
Ntz;Lk;. N[u;kdp> mnkupf;fh
kw;Wk; ,e;jpah Nghd;w ehLfspy; mJ
eilngWfpwJ.
kj;jpa murpd; cj;jpNahfg+u;t Ml;rp
ikag;gLj;jg;gl;l kNdhght tl;lj;jpDs;
nraw;gLk; xU epiyikNa ,yq;ifapy;
fhzg;gLfpwJ. mjpfhuq;fisr; mjpfhuq;fisr;
nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F jilfs; Vw;gl;Ls;sjhf nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F jilfs; Vw;gl;Ls;sjhf
fpof;F khfhz rig mikr;ru;fs; Fw;wk; fpof;F khfhz rig mikr;ru;fs; Fw;wk;
Rkj;Jfpd;wdu;. MSdUf;Nf mq;F Rkj;Jfpd;wdu;. MSdUf;Nf mq;F
$Ljyhf mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd.$Ljyhf mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
tlf;F khfhz rigia jkpo;j; Njrpaf;
$l;likg;G ntw;wpnfhs;Skplj;J
murpayikg;gpw;F Vw;g jkf;Fs;s midj;J
mjpfhuq;fisAk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;Nf
mtu;fs; Kaw;rpg;ghu;fs;> mjd;
NghJ Kuz;ghl;L epiyiknahd;W Kuz;ghl;L epiyiknahd;W
Njhd;Wkplj;J tlf;F khfhz rig Njhd;Wkplj;J tlf;F khfhz rig
fiyf;fg;glNth my;yJ [dhjpgjpapd; fiyf;fg;glNth my;yJ [dhjpgjpapd;
mjpfhuj;jpd; fPo; nfhz;L tug;glNth mjpfhuj;jpd; fPo; nfhz;L tug;glNth
KbAk;. mjw;fhd rl;l uPjpahd KbAk;. mjw;fhd rl;l uPjpahd
ghJfhg;Gk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. mjd; NghJ ghJfhg;Gk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. mjd; NghJ
neUf;fb epiyik cUthFk;. jkpo; neUf;fb epiyik cUthFk;. jkpo;
$l;likg;G murhq;fj;Jld; rkhjhdkhf $l;likg;G murhq;fj;Jld; rkhjhdkhf
nraw;gLnkd vz;ZtJ fbdkhFk;. nraw;gLnkd vz;ZtJ fbdkhFk;.
,e;j epiyikapidNa murhq;fKk; ,e;j epiyikapidNa murhq;fKk;
vjpu;ghu;f;fpwJ. vjpu;ghu;f;fpwJ.
tl khfhzj;ij mgptpUj;jp nra;jy;
jdJ gzpahFk; vd;gij czu;j;JtJ
murhq;fj;jpd; tpUg;gkhFk;. mjidj;
jdJ gzpahf khw;wpf; nfhs;sNt
jkpo; Njrpaf; $l;likg;G tpUk;GfpwJ.
murhq;fKk; jkpou; $l;likg;G ,t;
tpthjj;jpNyNa rpf;fpf; nfhz;Ls;sd.
,t;tpU jug;gpdu;fSf;FkpilNa
rkhjhdk; Vw;gLtNj ,lk;ngwy;
Ntz;Lk;.
Gyk;ngau; jkpou;fspd; nraw;ghLfs;
vt;thW ,Ue;j NghJk; ru;tNjr r%fk;
,yq;ifapd; jkpou; gpur;rpidia
jkJ gpur;rpidahf khw;wpf; nfhs;shJ.
,uz;lhe;jug; gpui[fshf rpq;fsg; gpuG
tu;f;fj;jpdu; jk;ik elj;Jfpd;wdu;
vd;w ajhu;j;jj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhz;L
kdijj; Njw;wpf; nfhz;L tho;tNj
,yq;ifapy; jkpo; kf;fs; ePz;lfhykhf
vjpu;Nehf;fpAs;s gpur;rpidahFk;.
MAjg; Nghuhl;lnkhd;wpdhy;
jkJ Nfhupf;iffis ntw;wpnfhs;s
Kbahnjd;gJ j.tp.G ,af;fj;jpd;
mDgtq;fspd; %yk; Gydhfpd;wd.
fle;j 60 Mz;Lfhy ghuhSkd;wg;
Nghuhl;lq;fspdhYk; jkJ
vjpu;ghu;g;Gf;fis mile;Jnfhs;s
Kbatpy;iy vd;gJ GydhfpwJ.
MAjg; Nghuhl;l khu;f;fk; kw;Wk; MAjg; Nghuhl;l khu;f;fk; kw;Wk;
[dehafg; ghij Mfpa ,uz;L [dehafg; ghij Mfpa ,uz;L
ghijfSk; Njhy;tpaile;Js;sd. ghijfSk; Njhy;tpaile;Js;sd.
,t; midj;J tplaq;fSf;Fk; Vw;g ,t; midj;J tplaq;fSf;Fk; Vw;g
vjpu;fhyj;jpy; jkpo; kf;fs; jkJ vjpu;fhyj;jpy; jkpo; kf;fs; jkJ
,uz;lhe;juf; FbAupikia Vw;W ,uz;lhe;juf; FbAupikia Vw;W
tho;tjw;Nf NeupLk;. jw;Nghija tho;tjw;Nf NeupLk;. jw;Nghija
epiyikfs; khw;wkilahJtpbd; epiyikfs; khw;wkilahJtpbd;
mtu;fSf;F NtW topapy;iy.mtu;fSf;F NtW topapy;iy.
mjpfhug; gfpu;T
rpWghd;ikapdupd;
cupikfisAk; murpay;
mgpyhirfisAk;
ghJfhg;gjid ,yf;fhff;
nfhz;Nl Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl
Ntz;Lk; vd;w thjk; gw;wpg;
Muha;e;J ghu;g;Nghk;. khfhz
rigfs; njhlu;ghf me;j thjk;
kl;Lk; Kd;itf;fg;gLkhapd;
rpq;fs ngUk;ghd;ikapdupd;
rk;kjj;ij xU NghJk; ngw
KbahJ. ,t; thjj;Jf;Fr;
rkhe;jukhf khfhz
rigfspypUe;J rpq;fs
kf;fSf;F fpilf;fpd;w
ed;ikfs; ahit vd;gJ
gw;wpa xU Gupe;Jzu;tpid
Vw;gLj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;.
10 C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013r kh jh d Neh f; F
mjpfhuj;ijf; ifg;gw;Wtjw;F murpay; MAjkhf ,dthjk;
gad;gLj;jg;gl;l xU ehl;by; njhlu;e;Jk mjpfhuj;ij jf;f itj;Jf;
nfhs;tjw;fhf mNj MAjk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. 1983 ,y;
ntbj;j Aj;jj;ij jLj;J epWj;JtJ md;W gpujhd gpur;rpidahf
,Ue;jJ. 2009 ,y; Aj;jk; Xa;e;jJ. kPz;Lk; Aj;jk; Vw;glhJ
jLg;gNj mjd; gpd;G gpur;rpidahf ,Uf;fpwJ. mjw;Fg; gjpyhf
eilngWtJ ahJ? Aj;jj;ij cUthf;fpa murpaiy njhlu;e;Jk; jf;f
itj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;fhf 'Aj;j gPjpia" Vw;gLj;JtjhFk;. nkhj;j jkpo;
kf;fis 'Gypfs;" vd rpj;jupg;gjhFk;. tlf;fpd; Nju;jy;> 'rpq;fj;jpw;Fk;
Gypf;Fkpilapyhd xU Nghl;bahfNt gpw;Nghf;Fthj Clfq;fs;
gpur;rhuj;ij Kd;ndLj;Js;sd.
nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs;
tlkhfhz rigf;F 13tJ jpUj;jj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s tlkhfhz rigf;F 13tJ jpUj;jj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s
nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fis toq;Fjy; gw;wp rpq;fs ngUk;ghd;ik nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fis toq;Fjy; gw;wp rpq;fs ngUk;ghd;ik
kf;fs; kj;jpapy; Xu; mr;rj;ij %l;bAs;sdu;. 'nghyp];vd;wJk; kf;fs; kj;jpapy; Xu; mr;rj;ij %l;bAs;sdu;. 'nghyp];vd;wJk;
kf;fSf;F Vw;gLk; gak; ,q;F cgNahfg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. vkJ kf;fSf;F Vw;gLk; gak; ,q;F cgNahfg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. vkJ
nghyp]; jkJ mjpfhuj;ij kf;fisj; Jd;GWj;jTk; ,ilQ;riy nghyp]; jkJ mjpfhuj;ij kf;fisj; Jd;GWj;jTk; ,ilQ;riy
cz;Lgd;dTk; gad;gLj;JtJ xU ePz;lfhy mDgtkhFk;. MfNt cz;Lgd;dTk; gad;gLj;JtJ xU ePz;lfhy mDgtkhFk;. MfNt
mt; mjpfhuk; 'nghypRf;F" fpilf;fg; ngw;why; ,yFthf fpsu;r;rp mt; mjpfhuk; 'nghypRf;F" fpilf;fg; ngw;why; ,yFthf fpsu;r;rp
nra;aTk; KbAnkd;w re;Njfk; mf; fUj;jpypUe;J Gyg;gLfpwJ. nra;aTk; KbAnkd;w re;Njfk; mf; fUj;jpypUe;J Gyg;gLfpwJ.
mJ mt;thnwdpy; ahJ nra;a Ntz;Lk;? ,dthj czu;tpy;
rl;lj;ij kOq;fbf;fr; nra;tjw;Fg; gjpyhf KO ehl;bYk; me;
epiyikapypUe;J nghypi] tpLtpg;gjhFk;. ,uhZtj;jpdiug;
Nghd;W MAjg; gapw;rp kw;Wk; MAjg; ghtidia toq;Ftjw;Fg;
gjpyhf mjid xU rptpy; gilahf khw;WtjhFk;. jw;NghJ nghyp]; jw;NghJ nghyp];
nra;tjw;F ,zq;fpa NghJk; nra;ahJ tpl;likahy; ehl;ilg; gpsTgLj;jYk;nra;tjw;F ,zq;fpa NghJk; nra;ahJ tpl;likahy; ehl;ilg; gpsTgLj;jYk;
13tJ murpayikg;Gj; jpUj;jKk;
Photo Source : ww
w.new
s360.lk
1983 ,y; ntbj;j Aj;jj;ij jLj;J
epWj;JtJ md;W gpujhd gpur;rpidahf
,Ue;jJ. kPz;Lk; Aj;jk; Vw;glhJ
jLg;gNj mjd; gpd;G gpur;rpidahf
,Uf;fpwJ. 2009 ,y; Aj;jk; Xa;e;jJ.
mjw;Fg; gjpyhf eilngWtJ ahJ?
Aj;jj;ij cUthf;fpa murpaiy
njhlu;e;Jk; jf;f itj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;fhf
'Aj;j gPjpia" Vw;gLj;JtjhFk;.
nkhj;j jkpo; kf;fis 'Gypfs;" vd
rpj;jupg;gjhFk;. tlf;fpd; Nju;jy;>
'rpq;fj;jpw;Fk; Gypf;Fkpilapyhd xU
Nghl;bahfNt gpw;Nghf;Fthj Clfq;fs;
gpur;rhuj;ij Kd;ndLj;Js;sd.
rl;lj;juzp v];.[P. GQ;rpN`th
nghyp]; kh mjpgu; [dhjpgjpiar; re;jpj;j NghJ
11C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013 r kh jh d Neh f; F
vjidr; nra;Jnfhz;bUf;fpwJ? vjidr; nra;Jnfhz;bUf;fpwJ?
murpay;thjpfisg; ghJfhg;gJk; murpay;thjpfisg; ghJfhg;gJk;
mtu;fsJ fl;lisapd; gpufhuk; mtu;fsJ fl;lisapd; gpufhuk;
kf;fisj; Jd;GWj;JtJk; MFk;. kf;fisj; Jd;GWj;JtJk; MFk;.
,e;epiyikapy; nghyp]hu; ,e;epiyikapy; nghyp]hu;
nraw;gLtjdhy; Fw;wr; nray;fisj; nraw;gLtjdhy; Fw;wr; nray;fisj;
jLg;gJ ,d;W gytPdg;gltpy;iyah? jLg;gJ ,d;W gytPdg;gltpy;iyah?
kf;fs; Nritf;F khj;jpuk; nghyp]hiu kf;fs; Nritf;F khj;jpuk; nghyp]hiu
xJf;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;. xJf;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;.
murpayikg;gpw;fhd 17tJ murpayikg;gpw;fhd 17tJ
jpUj;jj;jpd; fPo; nghyp]; Mizf; jpUj;jj;jpd; fPo; nghyp]; Mizf;
FOnthd;wpd; %yk; nghyp]; gilf;F FOnthd;wpd; %yk; nghyp]; gilf;F
Vw;Gila tpjpfs;> fl;lisfs; Vw;Gila tpjpfs;> fl;lisfs;
kw;Wk; nray;Kiw xOq;F tpjpfs; kw;Wk; nray;Kiw xOq;F tpjpfs;
vd;gtw;iw Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. 17tJ vd;gtw;iw Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. 17tJ
jpUj;jk; mfw;wg;gl;L jw;NghJ 18 MtJ jpUj;jk; mfw;wg;gl;L jw;NghJ 18 MtJ
jpUj;jk; mKy;gLj;jg;gLtjdhy; jpUj;jk; mKy;gLj;jg;gLtjdhy;
nghyp]; ghJfhg;G mikr;rplk; nghyp]; ghJfhg;G mikr;rplk;
xg;gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ xg;gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ
murpayikg;Gr; rl;lj;jpd; murpayikg;Gr; rl;lj;jpd;
xd;gjhtJ cg ml;ltizapy; nghyp]; xd;gjhtJ cg ml;ltizapy; nghyp];
njhlu;ghf Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s> khfhz njhlu;ghf Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s> khfhz
nghypRf;F cupj;jhfhj tplaq;fs; nghypRf;F cupj;jhfhj tplaq;fs;
gpd;tUkhW Rl;bf; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. gpd;tUkhW Rl;bf; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.
'Njrpa ghJfhg;G> Njrpa ge;Njhg];J 'Njrpa ghJfhg;G> Njrpa ge;Njhg];J
VNjDnkhU MAjg;gil my;yJ rptpy; VNjDnkhU MAjg;gil my;yJ rptpy;
mjpfhuj;jpw;F cjTtjw;F ,yq;if mjpfhuj;jpw;F cjTtjw;F ,yq;if
mur fl;Lg;ghl;bYs;s NtNwJk; mur fl;Lg;ghl;bYs;s NtNwJk;
xU gilapidg; gad;gLj;JtJk;" xU gilapidg; gad;gLj;JtJk;"
(Nkw;nfhs;s KbahJ) Nkw; (Nkw;nfhs;s KbahJ) Nkw;
Fwpg;gpl;l tplaq;fs; Kiwahf Fwpg;gpl;l tplaq;fs; Kiwahf
mKy;gLj;jg;gLkhapd; tlf;fpy; nghyp]; mKy;gLj;jg;gLkhapd; tlf;fpy; nghyp];
gw;wp Vd; gag;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,J njhlu;gh gw;wp Vd; gag;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,J njhlu;gh
vOg;Gfpd;w xNunahU jPtputhj ju;f;fk; vOg;Gfpd;w xNunahU jPtputhj ju;f;fk;
ahnjdpy;> 'tlf;fpYs;s midtUk; ahnjdpy;> 'tlf;fpYs;s midtUk;
GypfNs mg;NghJ nghyp]; cUthtJk; GypfNs mg;NghJ nghyp]; cUthtJk;
GypfspypUe;jhFk;. vt; tifapYk; GypfspypUe;jhFk;. vt; tifapYk;
Gypia ek;g KbahJ" vd;gjhFk;.Gypia ek;g KbahJ" vd;gjhFk;.
khfhzg; nghypRf;F MAjg;
gad;ghl;Lf;fhd mjpfhuk;
fpilf;fg;ngwy; kf;fspilNa
gaj;jpid Vw;gLj;jg; gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk;
kw;iwa tplakhFk;. 'nghyp] pd;
MAjg; gaq;futhjk;"
xd;gJ khfhzq;fSf;Fk;
nghJthditahFk;. MapDk; mJ
tlf;fpYk; fpof;fpYk; rl;lj;jpidAk; kPwp
mKyhf;fg;gLfpwJ. MapDk; khfhz
rignahd;wpd; nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs;
njhlu;ghd midj;Jg; gpukhzq;fSk;
Njrpa nghyp]; Mizf;
FOtpdhNyNa tFf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
xd;gjhk; cg ml;ltizapd;
1 MtJ gpd;dpizg;gpy; khfhzg;
nghyp] pd; MAjq;fs; njhlu;ghf
,t;thW Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
'Njrpa gpuptpw;fhd RLfyd;fs;>
ntbg; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk;
cgfuzq;fspd; jd;ik> msT vd;gd
Njrpa nghyp]; Mizf; FOtpdhy;
jPu;khdpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. khfhzg;
gpupTf;fhd mg;nghUl;fs; khfhz
nghyp]; Mizf; FOtplk; tpdtg;gl;L
Njrpa nghyp]; Mizf; FOtpdhy;
jPu;khdpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l tplaq;fs;
Kiwahf ,lk;ngWkhapd; 'MAj
gyk;" kq;fpg; Nghd xU gakhFk;.
1 Mk; gpd;dpizg;gpy; ,t;thW
Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjhtJ
'VNjDnkhU khtl;lj;jpy; Njrpag;
gpupT myFfspy; gzpGupAk; nghyp];
cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs; khfhzg; gpujpg;
nghyp]; kh mjpgupd; epUthfj;jpd;
fPo; nraw;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ,Ug;gpDk;
mtru epiyikapd; fPo; [dhjpgjp
mjpfhuq;fisj; jdjhf;fpf;
nfhs;syhk;. Njrpag; gpupT myFfspd;
cjtpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;syhk;.
Vw;fdNt fiyf;fg;glhtpbd; 30
ehl;fSf;Fs; nray;tYg; ngwy; ,il
epWj;jg;gLk;"
,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf murpayikg;Gr;
rl;lj;jpd; 154 I cWg;Giuapd; %yk;
,t;thW Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.
'epUthfk; nraypoj;jy;" vDk; epiyapy; :
(1) mt;thW VNjDnkhU khtl;lj;jpy;
epUthfk; nraypoe;Js;sjhf MSeupd;
%yNkh my;yJ NtW tifapy;
[dhjpgjpf;Fj; njupatupd;
(1) m) mjd; midj;J
mjpfhuq;fisAk; my;yJ xU
gFjpia jdjhf;fpf; nfhs;syhk;.
M) ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; fPo; nfhz;L
tuyhk;.
,) mjw;fhf Vida
fl;lisfis ,l KbAk;.
khfhzg; nghypRf;F MAjg;
gad;ghl;Lf;fhd mjpfhuk;
fpilf;fg;ngwy; kf;fspilNa
gaj;jpid Vw;gLj;jg;
gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk; kw;iwa
tplakhFk;. 'nghyp] pd;
MAjg; gaq;futhjk;"
xd;gJ khfhzq;fSf;Fk;
nghJthditahFk;.
MapDk; mJ tlf;fpYk;
fpof;fpYk; rl;lj;jpidAk; kPwp
mKyhf;fg;gLfpwJ. MapDk;
khfhz rignahd;wpd;
nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs;
njhlu;ghd midj;Jg;
gpukhzq;fSk; Njrpa nghyp];
Mizf; FOtpdhNyNa
tFf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
12 C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013r kh jh d Neh f; F
MapDk; ePjpkd;wnkhd;wplk;
xg;gilf;fg;gl;Ls;s Xu;
mjpfhuj;ij mt;thW nra;a
KbahJ.
(2) gpd;du; mt; Mizfis
mfw;Wjy; my;yJ khw;Wjy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gly; KbAk;
(3) mt; midj;J gpufldq;fSk;
14 ehl;fSf;Fs;
ghuhSkd;wj;jpdhy;
mq;fPfupf;fg;glhtpbd;
jd;dpr;irahfNt nraypof;Fk;
(4) ghuhSkd;wj;jpdhy;
mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;lhYk; mJ ,uz;L
khjq;fspy; KbTf;F tUk;.
Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;lthW
eltbf;iffs; Kiwahf
,lk;ngwhtpbd; mr;rk; cUthfyhk;.
fhzp mjpfhuq;fs; fhzp mjpfhuq;fs;
khfhz rignahd;wpd; fhzp
tplakhdJ khfhz rigg; gl;baypd;
(18) 11Mk; gpd;dpizg;G vd Gwk;ghf
tptupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mit gpd;tUkhW:
fhzp kw;Wk; fhzpfspy;
Fbaku;j;Jjy; : mur fhzpfs;
FbauRf;F nrhe;jkhf fhzg;gLfpwJ.
murpayikg;gpd; 33 (<) cWg;Giuf;F
Vw;gTk; vOjg;gl;l rl;lj;jpw;F Vw;gTk;
[dhjpgjpf;F fhzpfis tpLtpf;fyhk;.
fPo; Fwpg;gplg;gl;lthW fhzp>
khfhz rigf;Fl;gl;l xU
tplakhFk;. mur fhzpfs; xJf;fpa
my;yJ xUq;fpia epuy; tplakhf
murhq;fj;jpd; NjitfSf;fhf khfhz
rigaplk; tpdtg;gl;L mur fhzpfs;
murhq;fj;jpdhy; gad;gLj;jg;gl KbAk;.
khfhz rigfSf;Fj; Njitahd
fhzpfis epajpr; rl;lq;fSf;F Vw;g
gad;gLj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;.
khfhz rigfSf;Fj; Njitahd
fhzpfs; toq;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
khfhz rigfs; mf; fhzpfis
epajpr; rl;lq;fSf;F Vw;g gad;gLj;Jjy;
Ntz;Lk;.
khfhzj;jpd; fhzpf;
ifafg;gLj;jy; khfhz rigapd;
MNyhridapd; fPo; [dhjpgjpahy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
2. khfhzq;fSf;fpilapyhd
ePu;g;ghrd kw;Wk; fhzp mgptpUj;jp
eltbf;iffs;
Nkw;gb fUj;jpl;lq;fs; -
murhq;fj;jpdhy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l
mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lq;fs; Mw;W ePiug;
gad;gLj;jp Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; jpl;lq;fs;
njhlu;gpy; murhq;fj;jplk; nghWg;G
xg;gilf;fg;gLk;.
nfhs;iffSf;Fg; nghUe;Jfpd;w
epakj; juq;fis khfhz rigaplk;
tpdtp murhq;fk; jPu;khdpf;Fk;.
fhzpj; Jz;Lfisg; ngw;Wf;
nfhs;gtu;fisj; njupT nra;Ak;
Kiwikfs; Fwpg;gplg;gl;lthW
mikjy; Ntz;Lk;.
fUj;jpl;lq;fspd; fhzpg;
gfpu;T ,d tpfpjhrhuj;jpw;F
Vw;g mikjy; Ntz;Lk;. jdJ
gq;fpidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;shj egu;fs;
Vida fUj;jpl;lq;fspypUe;J
fhzpfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s
cupj;JilNahuhtu;. mt;te;j
fUj;jpl;lq;fspy; fhzpj;Jz;Lfs;
gfpug;gly; rdj;njhifg; guk;gy;
tbtk; khw;wkilahjthW mikjy;
Ntz;Lk;.
fUj;jpl;l epUthfk; kw;Wk;
Kfhik vd;gd murhq;fj;jpdhy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
3. Njrpa fhzp Mizf;FO
Njrpa fhzp Mizf;FOtpy;
khfhz rigg; gpujpepjpfs; mq;fk;
tfpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. njhopEl;g
nrayfnkhd;W fhzg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
fhzpg; ghtid njhlu;ghd
Njrpa nfhs;if njhopy;El;g
fhuzpfspdbg;gilapy; mikjy;
Ntz;Lk;.
fhzp Mizf;FOtpdhy;
jahupf;fg;gl;l Njrpaf; nfhs;if
njhlu;ghd Kiwahd mtjhdj;Jld;
khfhz rig mjpfhuq;fis
eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
'Njrpa gpuptpw;fhd
RLfyd;fs;> ntbg;
nghUl;fs; kw;Wk;
cgfuzq;fspd;
jd;ik> msT vd;gd
Njrpa nghyp]; Mizf;
FOtpdhy; jPu;khdpf;fg;gly;
Ntz;Lk;. khfhzg;
gpupTf;fhd mg;nghUl;fs;
khfhz nghyp]; Mizf;
FOtplk; tpdtg;gl;L
Njrpa nghyp]; Mizf;
FOtpdhy; jPu;khdpf;fg;gly;
Ntz;Lk;.
13C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013 r kh jh d Neh f; F
,e;jpa murpay; kw;Wk;
khfhz rigfspd;
cs;slf;fk; vd;W
ghu;f;ifapy; mJ xU
%l ek;gpf;ifahFk;.
,yq;iff;Fs; jdp
ehnlhd;W cUthtijj;
jLg;gNj ,e;jpahtpd;
murpayhf fhzg;gl;lJ.
khfhz rigapd;
cs;slf;fkhdJ
,e;jpahtpdhy;
cUthf;fg;gl;l xd;wy;y.
Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l khfhz fhzpg;
ghtid njhlu;ghd nfhs;iffspd;
epakq;fs; kw;Wk; ghtidfs;
cupathW ,lk;ngWtjpYs;s jtW
ahJ ? mJ mt;thW ,lk;ngWtjw;F
Njrpa fhzpf; nfhs;ifnahd;W Njrpa fhzpf; nfhs;ifnahd;W
,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mt;thwhd xd;W ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mt;thwhd xd;W
1948 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J ,Jtiu 1948 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J ,Jtiu
,y;iy. mikr;ru;fSf;Fk; murhq;ff; ,y;iy. mikr;ru;fSf;Fk; murhq;ff;
fl;rpg; ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdu;fSf;Fk;> fl;rpg; ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdu;fSf;Fk;>
mjpfhuk; gilj;jtu;fSf;Fk;. mtu;fsJ mjpfhuk; gilj;jtu;fSf;Fk;. mtu;fsJ
Mjuthsu;fSf;Fk; jhk; epidj;jthW Mjuthsu;fSf;Fk; jhk; epidj;jthW
fhzpfisg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. fhzpfisg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
RtPfupj;Jf;nfhs;s KbAk;. jw;NghJ RtPfupj;Jf;nfhs;s KbAk;. jw;NghJ
$l tlf;fpy; fhzpfs; mt;thW $l tlf;fpy; fhzpfs; mt;thW
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l
[dehafthjj; juq;fSf;fika mit [dehafthjj; juq;fSf;fika mit
,lk;ngwj; Jtq;Fkhapd; epidj;j ,lk;ngwj; Jtq;Fkhapd; epidj;j
,lq;fspnyy;yhk; cy;yhrg; gaz ,lq;fspnyy;yhk; cy;yhrg; gaz
tpLjpfs;> tzpf epiyaq;fs; tpLjpfs;> tzpf epiyaq;fs;
vd;gtw;iw cUthf;f KbahJ. vd;gtw;iw cUthf;f KbahJ.
rl;lj;jpw;fika Nkw;nfhs;sg;gly; rl;lj;jpw;fika Nkw;nfhs;sg;gly;
Ntz;Lk;Ntz;Lk;. fhzp mjpfhuq;fSf;F
vjpuhdtu;fs; kj;jpapy; jkf;F
VNjhnthd;W fpilf;fhky; NghFk;
vd;w gak; my;yJ jkf;Ff; fpilf;fhj
xd;W jkpo; kf;fSf;F fpilf;fpwJ
vd;w nghwhikNa fhzg;gLfpwJ.
mjw;Fg; Gwk;ghf gyu; ,dthj
epakq;fSf;fika jkpo; kf;fSf;F
mt;thwhdnjhU trjp ,Uf;ff; $lhJ
vd epidg;gjhFk;. eilKiwapy; ,k;
kNdh epiyf;F vjpu;g;Gj; njuptpf;fj;
jhdh 27 Mz;Lfs; njhlu;e;j
ehrfhu Aj;jj;jpw;F Njitg;gl;l xU
gpughfud; cUthfpdhu;? njhlu;e;Jk;
tpid tpijj;jhy; tpidAk; jpid
tpijj;jhy; jpizAk; fpilg;gJ
cWjpahFk;.
khfhz rig Kiwik khfhz rig Kiwik
,e;jpahtpdhy; ,yq;if kPJ ,e;jpahtpdhy; ,yq;if kPJ
gyte;jkhf Rkj;jg;gl;lnjhd;wh? gyte;jkhf Rkj;jg;gl;lnjhd;wh?
NkNyhl;lkhfg; ghu;j;jhy; mJ
mt;thW jhd;. MapDk; ,e;jpa
murpay; kw;Wk; khfhz rigfspd;
cs;slf;fk; vd;W ghu;f;ifapy; mJ xU
%l ek;gpf;ifahFk;. ,yq;iff;Fs;
jdp ehnlhd;W cUthtijj; jLg;gNj
,e;jpahtpd; murpayhf fhzg;gl;lJ.
khfhz rigapd; cs;slf;fkhdJ
,e;jpahtpdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l
xd;wy;y. mJ cyfpy; ngUkstpyhd
kf;fis epUtfpf;Fk; mjpfhuj;ijg;
gfpu;tjd; %yk; epUthfk; nra;Ak;
Kiwikf;F Vw;g ,yq;ifapd;
murpay;thjpfspdhy; ePz;lfhykhf
tpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;l xd;whFk;.
Muk;gj;jpy; jpU. gz;lhuehaf;fh
1926 ,Yk; kiyafg; gpuGf;fs;
1927 ,Yk; ,f;fUj;jpidf;
$wpapUe;jdu;. 1957Mk; Mz;L
ll;yp nry;tehafk; xg;ge;jj;jpdJk;
cs;slf;fKk; mJthfNt
fhzg;gl;lJ. ePz;lfhykhf epytp
te;j fUj;jpid nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F
,e;jpah gyte;jj;ijg; gpuNahfpj;jJ.
[dehaf uPjpahd mf; fUj;jpid
mKy;gLj;jhikNa gyte;jj;jpw;F
mbg;gilahf mike;jJ. mjpYs;s
jtW ahnjdpy; gyte;jNkad;wp
cs;slf;fk; my;y. njhlu;e;Jk;
mf; fUj;jpid mKy;gLj;jhJ
tpLtjdhy; mg;gyte;jk; NtW xU
tpjj;jpyhtJ ,lk;ngWtJ cWjp.
md;W ,e;jpah khj;jpuNk mjpy;
jiyapl;lJ. ,d;W cyfpd; gy ehLfs;
mijr; nraw;gLj;Jk; epiy tiu
Kd;Ndw;wkilar; nra;jJ jw;Nghija
murhq;fkhFk;. md;W gpughfud;
$wpaitNa mjd; %yk; cWjp
nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. ,ilf;fhy jd;dhl;rp
mjpfhu rig njhlu;ghd gpurpj;jp ngw;w
ntspaPl;by; (2003) mJ gpd;tUkhW
Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
'jkpo; rpq;fs kf;fSf;fpilapyhd
cwtpd; tuyhW kPwg;gl;l
thf;FWjpfspdhYk;> fhyj;jpw;Ff;
fhyk; Ml;rp nra;j ,yq;if
murhq;fq;fSf;Fk; jkpo; kf;fspd;
gpujpepjpfSf;Fkpilapy; fyg;gw;w
tpjj;jpy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l xg;ge;jq;fs; xU
jiyg;gl;rkhf kPwg;gl;l rk;gtq;fspdhy;
epiwe;jJ njhlu;ghd Gupjy;fspdhYk;>
xd;wd; gpd; xd;whf mjpfhu
gPlNkwpa ,yq;ifapd; murhq;fq;fs;
jkpo; kf;fSf;F vjpuhd Xuq;fhl;ly;>
mur td;Kiw> murhq;fj;jpdhy;
jpl;lkplg;gl;l td;Kiw vd;gtw;iw
mKy;gLj;jpaikia kdjpy;
,Uj;jpAk;"
14 C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013r kh jh d Neh f; F
,d;Wk; $l NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l
mNj tplaj;ijj; jhdh
mKy;gLj;Jfpwhu;fs;? njhlu;r;rpahf
uh[je;jpu jPu;nthd;Wf;Fg; gjpyhf
,dq;fSf;fpilNa ek;gpf;ifapd;ik>
Kuz;ghLfs; vd;gtw;iw tsu;j;jy;
kw;Wk; mf; fUj;Jf;fs;> nraw;ghLfs;
vd;gtw;iw rl;lkhf;Fjy; khj;jpuNk
nraw;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. '13tJ jpUj;jk;
Njitaw;wJ" vd;W $Wgtu;fs;
,dq;fSf;fpilNa xw;WikapidAk;
ey;ypzf;fj;jpidAk; Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F
Aj;jj;jpd; gpd;du; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl
Ntz;ba nraw;ghLfs; gw;wp vJTk;
$wtpy;iy.
eilngwf;$baJ vJ? eilngwf;$baJ vJ?
md;W ,yq;iff;Fs;NsNa jPu;j;J
itf;f KbAkhapUe;j gpur;rpid
,d;W ru;tNjrkag;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
md;W gpughfud; cl;gl vy;.uP.uP.<
kl;Lk; ghLgl;l Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf ,d;W
ru;tNjr jiyaPL tiu tsu;e;Js;sJ.
MfNt md;W MAjg; Nghuhl;lj;jpd;
%yk; jPu;f;f KbAnkd;W gpioahf
Kd;ndLj;j nraw;ghL> rupahd
Kiwapy; xLf;fg;gl;lJ. ,d;W
gpioahd nraw;ghL Gwe;js;sg;gl;L
md;iwa Nehf;fk; khj;jpuk;
ru;tNjrkakhfpAs;sJ. murhq;fk;>
=.y.R.f. N[.tp.gp (k.tp.K) cs;spl;l
,dthjpfspd; gjpy; Fwpfs; kw;Wk;
rpe;jidfs; vd;gtw;wpd; fhuzkhf
me; Nehf;fj;jpw;F cyf mstpy;
gyk; fpilf;fg; ngw;W Aj;jnkhd;W
,d;wpNa ehl;ilg; gpupj;Jf;nfhLf;Fk;
epiyik cUthfp tUfpwJ. Gyp
ke;jpuj;ij n[gpj;;jthW ehl;by; mlf;F
Kiwapid Kd;ndLg;gjd; %yk;
ru;tNjr mOj;jq;fis xopf;f KbahJ.
cz;ikapy; Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l murpay;
thjpfNs ehl;ilg; gpupf;fpd;wdu;.
jw;Nghija epiyikapidg; gw;wp jw;Nghija epiyikapidg; gw;wp
murhq;fk; Nkhg;gk; gpbj;Js;snjd;gJ murhq;fk; Nkhg;gk; gpbj;Js;snjd;gJ
njspthfpwJ. MfNt jhkjpj;jhtJ njspthfpwJ. MfNt jhkjpj;jhtJ
VNjDk; eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;tJ VNjDk; eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;tJ
rpwe;jjhFk;. mjhtJ fw;Wf;nfhz;l rpwe;jjhFk;. mjhtJ fw;Wf;nfhz;l
ghlq;fs; Mizf;FOtpd; gupe;Jiuapy; ghlq;fs; Mizf;FOtpd; gupe;Jiuapy;
,izf;fg;gl;l nraw;ghl;Lj; jpl;lj;jpDs; ,izf;fg;gl;l nraw;ghl;Lj; jpl;lj;jpDs;
NkYk; 50 gupe;Jiufis Nru;g;gjw;F NkYk; 50 gupe;Jiufis Nru;g;gjw;F
jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;lik nghUj;jkhd jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;lik nghUj;jkhd
xU eltbf;ifahFk;. mjw;fika xU eltbf;ifahFk;. mjw;fika
jpUNfhzkiyapy; 5 khztu;fs; mjp jpUNfhzkiyapy; 5 khztu;fs; mjp
cau; ghJfhg;G tyaj;jpy; nfhiy cau; ghJfhg;G tyaj;jpy; nfhiy
nra;ag;gl;lik njhlu;ghf vl;Lg; Ngu; nra;ag;gl;lik njhlu;ghf vl;Lg; Ngu;
ifJ nra;ag;gl;ldu; vd $wg;gl;lJ. ifJ nra;ag;gl;ldu; vd $wg;gl;lJ.
mJ kw;WNkhu; Nghyp ehlfky;y mJ kw;WNkhu; Nghyp ehlfky;y
ntdpd; mJ ehl;Lf;F ed;ikahFk;. ntdpd; mJ ehl;Lf;F ed;ikahFk;.
13 V njhlu;ghd 'mtru 13 V njhlu;ghd 'mtru
tiuT" ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;F tiuT" ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;F
rku;g;gpf;fg;glhikapd; %yk; rku;g;gpf;fg;glhikapd; %yk;
ntl;fg;gl;lhtJ xU mb gpd; ntl;fg;gl;lhtJ xU mb gpd;
thq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. thq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
vt;thwhapDk; nghyp];
mjpfhuq;fis toq;fhikf;fhd
fhuzj;ij murhq;fk; fl;lhak;
rku;g;gpf;Fk;. nghyp]; ghJfhg;G
mikr;rpd; fPo; nfhz;L
tug;gl;Ls;sikapdhy; mJ
ghJfhg;G tplaj;jpd; fPo; kj;jpa
muRf;Fupanjhd;whFk; vdf; $wyhk;.
vijf; $wpdhYk; nra;jhYk;
ey;ypzf;fkpd;wp ehl;by;
mgptpUj;jpia Vw;gLj;j KbahJ.
ey;ypzf;fj;jpw;fhf gy eltbf;iffis
Nkw;nfhs;s KbAk;. mjw;fhd
kpfr; rpwe;j cjhuznkhd;iw
njd;dhgpupf;fhtpypUe;J
vLf;fyhk;. mjhtJ> 27 Mz;Lfs;
nts;isaupd; Ml;rpapd; %yk;
rpiwaplg;gl;bUe;j ney;rd;
kz;Nlyh ru;tNjr mOj;jj;jpd;
fhuzkhf tpLjiy ngw;wjd;
gpd;du; KjyhtJ njd;dhgpupf;fh
murhq;fk; mikf;fg;gl;lJ. mk;
Kf;fpakhd re;ju;g;gj;jpy; mtrukhf
,aw;wg;gl;l ,uz;L Njrpa fPjq;fs;
,irf;fg;gl;likahdJ tuyhw;W
Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j xU epfo;thFk;.
xd;W Mq;fpy nkhopapy; nts;is
kdpju;fspdhy; ,irf;fg;gl;lJ.
kw;iwaJ Njrpa nkhopnahd;wpy;
fWg;gpd kdpju;fspdhy; ,irf;fg;gl;lJ.
,e;j cd;dj nraw;ghl;il tpl
rpwe;j eltbf;ifia mr; re;ju;;g;gj;jpy;
gpujpgypj;jpUf;f KbAkh? Njrpa
fPjj;ijg; gw;wp ,Jtiu vkf;F
rupahdnjhU fUj;J fpilahJ.
,dthjpfs; 'Njrpa fPjj;ijf;" $l
,dthj fPjkhf khw;wpAs;sdu;.
vijf; $wpdhYk; nra;jhYk;
ey;ypzf;fkpd;wp ehl;by;
mgptpUj;jpia Vw;gLj;j
KbahJ. ey;ypzf;fj;jpw;fhf
gy eltbf;iffis
Nkw;nfhs;s KbAk;. mjw;fhd
kpfr; rpwe;j cjhuznkhd;iw
njd;dhgpupf;fhtpypUe;J
vLf;fyhk;.
ngw;Wf;nfhs;syhk;.
mjhtJ> 27 Mz;Lfs;
nts;isaupd; Ml;rpapd;
%yk; rpiwaplg;gl;bUe;j
ney;rd; kz;Nlyh ru;tNjr
mOj;jj;jpd; fhuzkhf
tpLjiy ngw;wjd; gpd;du;
KjyhtJ njd;dhgpupf;fh
murhq;fk; mikf;fg;gl;lJ.
mk; Kf;fpakhd re;ju;g;gj;jpy;
mtrukhf ,aw;wg;gl;l
,uz;L Njrpa fPjq;fs;
,irf;fg;gl;likahdJ
tuyhw;W Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
tha;e;j xU epfo;thFk;.
xd;W Mq;fpy nkhopapy;
nts;is kdpju;fspdhy;
,irf;fg;gl;lJ. kw;iwaJ
Njrpa nkhopnahd;wpy;
fWg;gpd kdpju;fspdhy;
,irf;fg;gl;lJ.
15C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013 r kh jh d Neh f; F
,r; re;ju;g;gj;jpy; 13tJ murpayikg;Gj; jpUj;jr; rl;lk; gw;wp vOg;gg;gl;Ls;s Nghypahd
kw;Wk; nraw;ifahd thjj;ijg; gw;wp rpe;jpf;ifapy; fp.K. Ie;jhk; E}w;whz;by;
rPdhtpy; tho;e;j jj;Jt QhdpAk; kjj; jiytUkhd nfhd;gpArpna]; mtu;fSf;Fk;
mtuJ rPlu;fSf;FkpilNa eilngw;w xU ciuahly; epidtpw;F tUfpwJ. Fwpj;j
ciuahlypy; 'Vd; ehk; kdpju;fs; MfpNwhk; ? vd;w Nfs;tpia rPlu;fs; mtuplk; 'Vd; ehk; kdpju;fs; MfpNwhk; ? vd;w Nfs;tpia rPlu;fs; mtuplk;
tpdtpdhu;fs;. mf;Nfs;tpf;fhd gjpiyf; $Wk; gb nfhd;gpArpa]; jdJ rPlu;fisNa tpdtpdhu;fs;. mf;Nfs;tpf;fhd gjpiyf; $Wk; gb nfhd;gpArpa]; jdJ rPlu;fisNa
gzpj;jhu;;. 'nkhopnahd;iwf; fijg;gjdhNyNa ehk; kdpju;fshFfpNwhk;" vd xU rPlu; gzpj;jhu;;. 'nkhopnahd;iwf; fijg;gjdhNyNa ehk; kdpju;fshFfpNwhk;" vd xU rPlu;
gjpyspj;jhu;. 'ehk; tPL thry;fis epu;khzpj;J thfdhjpfisg; gad;gLj;Jtjdhy;" vd gjpyspj;jhu;. 'ehk; tPL thry;fis epu;khzpj;J thfdhjpfisg; gad;gLj;Jtjdhy;" vd
kw;WnkhUtu; $wpdhu;. kdpju;fspd; Nghypahd ghrhq;fpd; fhuzkhf vd ,d;ndhUtu; kw;WnkhUtu; $wpdhu;. kdpju;fspd; Nghypahd ghrhq;fpd; fhuzkhf vd ,d;ndhUtu;
$wpdhu;. mt;thNw kdpjuplj;jpy; epyTk; nghwhik> tQ;rfk;> ,Wkhg;G> ngha;ik $wpdhu;. mt;thNw kdpjuplj;jpy; epyTk; nghwhik> tQ;rfk;> ,Wkhg;G> ngha;ik
kw;Wk; Nguhir vd;gtw;wpd; fhuzkhfNt ehk; kdpju;fshFfpNwhk; vd ,d;Dk; rpyu; kw;Wk; Nguhir vd;gtw;wpd; fhuzkhfNt ehk; kdpju;fshFfpNwhk; vd ,d;Dk; rpyu;
$wpdhu;fs;. ,itfnshd;Wky;y vd nfhd;gpArpa]; $wpa NghJ mf; Nfs;tpf;fhd $wpdhu;fs;. ,itfnshd;Wky;y vd nfhd;gpArpa]; $wpa NghJ mf; Nfs;tpf;fhd
gjpiy mtuplNk rPlu;fs; Nfl;ldu;. ePq;fs; Nfl;lJ gpioahd Nfs;tpahFk;. vd mtu; gjpiy mtuplNk rPlu;fs; Nfl;ldu;. ePq;fs; Nfl;lJ gpioahd Nfs;tpahFk;. vd mtu;
$wpdhu;. vd;d fhuzq;fspdhy; kdpju;fshFfpwhu;fs; vd tpsq;f Ntz;Lkhapd; ehk; $wpdhu;. vd;d fhuzq;fspdhy; kdpju;fshFfpwhu;fs; vd tpsq;f Ntz;Lkhapd; ehk;
Vd; kdpjj;jd;ikaw;wtu;fshf ,Uf;fpNwhk;? vd;Nw Nfs;tpiaNa Nfl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. Vd; kdpjj;jd;ikaw;wtu;fshf ,Uf;fpNwhk;? vd;Nw Nfs;tpiaNa Nfl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
vdf; $wpdhu;.vdf; $wpdhu;.
jk;kplkpUe;J jpUlg;gl;l me;j
Ra nfsutj;ij kPz;Lk;
jpUg;gpj; jUkhW jkpo; kf;fs;
NfhUfpd;wdu; vd;gNj ,t;
ciuahlypUe;J njspthfpwJ.
jpUlg;gl;l mt; mgpkhdj;ijj;
jpUg;gpg; ngw;Wj; jUkhW jkpo;
kf;fs; NfhUfpd;wdu;. ahu;
mjidj; jpUbndhu;fs;? mJ
kPz;Lk; tpdtg;gl Ntz;ba
xU Nfs;tp my;y vd;gij ehd;
mwpNtd;. kdr;rhl;rpAs;s
vtuhYk; mjidg; Gupe;Jnfhs;s
KbAk;. jkpo; kf;fspd; ngsjPf
uPjpahd ey;ypUg;G vd;gJ VNjh
xU tifapy; capiug; ghJfhj;J
tho;tJ my;yntdpDk; tlf;F
kf;fs; mt;thW tho;tjw;F
tw;GWj;jg;gl;Ls;sdu;.
13tJ jpUj;jj;jpw;F13tJ jpUj;jj;jpw;F
nfhd;gpArpa];]plkpUe;J xU gbg;gpid
Nguhrpupau; [ae;j nrdtpuj;d
MMMMMf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013
,e;jpag; gpujku; jpU. u[Pt; fhe;jp mtu;fSk; [dhjpgjp jpU. N[.Mu; [atu;jd mtu;fSk; ,yq;if ,e;jpa rkhjhd xg;ge;jj;jpy; ifr;rhj;jpl;l NghJ (1987 a+iy 29)
Phot
o So
urce
: Go
ogle
Imag
es
16 C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013r kh jh d Neh f; F
Ra nfsutk; (DignityDignity) )
,d;ndhUtuplkpUe;J jpUlg;gLk;
NghNj ehk; kdpjj; jd;ikaw;wtu;fshf
khWfpd;Nwhk; vd mt;Tiuahlypd;
NghJ nfhd;gpArpa]; tpsf;fpdhu;fs;.
xUtuJ mgpkhdj;ijj; jpULtnjd;gJ
kdpjj;jd;ikapidj; jpULtjhFk;.
jdpkdpj mgpkhdj;jpd; ,uz;L
gf;fq;fs; cs;sd. ngsjPf uPjpahd
ey;ypUg;Gk; Md;kPf uPjpahd ey;ypUg;GNk
mitahFk;. ngsjPf ey;ypUg;G vd;gJ
xUtuJ tho;itf; nfhz;L nry;tjw;Fj;
Njitahd mbg;gilj; NjitfshFk;.
mjhtJ czT tiffs;> tPLthry;
kw;Wk; ghJfhg;G vd;gdthFk;. Md;kPf
ey;ypUg;G vd;gJ jhd; tpUk;Gk; xU
kjj;ijg; gpd;gw;Wtjw;Fk; fyhrhuj;ijg;
gpd;gw;Wtjw;Fk; cs;s cupikapid
mDgtpf;Fk; Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk; rpe;jidr;
Rje;jpuk;> fUj;Jr; Rje;jpuk; vd;gdthFk;.
jk;kplkpUe;J jpUlg;gl;l me;j Ra
nfsutj;ij kPz;Lk; jpUg;gpj; jUkhW
jkpo; kf;fs; NfhUfpd;wdu; vd;gNj ,t;
ciuahlypUe;J njspthfpwJ. jpUlg;gl;l
mt; mgpkhdj;ijj; jpUg;gpg; ngw;Wj;
jUkhW jkpo; kf;fs; NfhUfpd;wdu;. ahu;
mjidj; jpUbndhu;fs;? mJ kPz;Lk;
tpdtg;gl Ntz;ba xU Nfs;tp my;y
vd;gij ehd; mwpNtd;. kdr;rhl;rpAs;s
vtuhYk; mjidg; Gupe;Jnfhs;s KbAk;.
jkpo; kf;fspd; ngsjPf uPjpahd ey;ypUg;G
vd;gJ VNjh xU tifapy; capiug;
ghJfhj;J tho;tJ my;yntdpYk;
tlf;F kf;fs; mt;thW tho;tjw;F
tw;GWj;jg;gl;Ls;sdu;. vt;thwhapDk;
jkJ Md;kPf uPjpahd ey;ypUg;gpid
vg;gbahtJ ghJfhg;gjw;fhf KbNt ,y;yhj
Nghuhl;lj;jpy; mtu;fs; <Lgl;Ls;sdu;. 'ehk;
midtUk; vj;jifanthU ghjhsj;jpy;
tpOe;j NghJk; xU rpyu; thdj;J
el;rj;jpuq;fis ghu;j;j tz;zkpUg;ghu;fs;"
vd x];fh itl;]; $wpAs;shu;. (We are all in the gu ers, some of us are looking at the stars) kdpju;fs; trKs;s
vtuhYk; jLf;f Kbahj rpe;jpg;gjw;Fk;
fdT fhz;gjw;FKs;s rf;jpiag; gw;wpNa
mtu; mt;thW $wpapUf;fyhk;. Mff;
Fiwe;jJ tskhd vjpu;fhynkhd;iw
vjpu;ghu;f;f KbAkhapd; cly;
uPjpahfTk;> kNdhuPjpahfTk; ,d;W
mDgtpf;f Neu;e;Js;s Jd;gq;fis
xUtuhy; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;s KbAk;.
MapDk; tlf;fpd; jkpo; kf;fSf;F
mt;thW nra;af;$ba xU epiyik
fhzg;gLkhapd; Mff; Fiwe;jJ mJ
13tJ murpayikg;Gj; jpUj;jr; rl;lk;
mKyhtJ khj;jpuNk MFk;.
1987 Mk; Mz;by; ,uz;lhtJ 1987 Mk; Mz;by; ,uz;lhtJ
FbauR murpayikg;Gr; rl;lj;jpw;F FbauR murpayikg;Gr; rl;lj;jpw;F
13tJ jpUj;jk; nfhz;Ltug;gl;l NghJ 13tJ jpUj;jk; nfhz;Ltug;gl;l NghJ
jkpo; kf;fspd; ngsjPf kw;Wk; Md;kPf jkpo; kf;fspd; ngsjPf kw;Wk; Md;kPf
ey;ypUg;G vd;gtw;Wf;fhf Nkw;nfhs;sf; ey;ypUg;G vd;gtw;Wf;fhf Nkw;nfhs;sf;
$bajhftpUe;j 'murpay; jPu;T" mJthff; $bajhftpUe;j 'murpay; jPu;T" mJthff;
fhzg;gl;ljdhNyNa ehk; mjw;F g+uz fhzg;gl;ljdhNyNa ehk; mjw;F g+uz
xj;Jiog;gpid toq;fpNdhk;. mj; xj;Jiog;gpid toq;fpNdhk;. mj;
13tJ jpUj;jk;
rku;g;gpf;fg;gl;L
ikag;gLj;jg;gl;l
Ml;rpapy; mjpfhug; gfpu;;T
mk;rk; Nru;f;fg;gl;l
NghJ> gu];gu tpNuhjj;
jd;iknahd;W
fhzg;gl;l NghJk;
,yq;if murpaYf;F
mJ xU Gjpa
mDgtkhff;
fhzg;gl;lJ.
jpUj;jj;jpy; vt;tsT jhd; FiwghLfs; jpUj;jj;jpy; vt;tsT jhd; FiwghLfs;
fhzg;gl;l NghJk; mJ ,dg; gpur;rpidj; fhzg;gl;l NghJk; mJ ,dg; gpur;rpidj;
jPu;Tf;fhf Nkw;nfhs;sf;$bajhf ,Ue;j jPu;Tf;fhf Nkw;nfhs;sf;$bajhf ,Ue;j
ijupakhdJk; rhjfkhdJkhd xU ijupakhdJk; rhjfkhdJkhd xU
eltbf;ifahf ,Ue;jjdhy; mjid eltbf;ifahf ,Ue;jjdhy; mjid
Mjupj;Njhk;. ,e;jpahtpd; Njitapd; Mjupj;Njhk;. ,e;jpahtpd; Njitapd;
epkpj;jk; mj; jPu;T nfhz;Ltug;gl;lJ epkpj;jk; mj; jPu;T nfhz;Ltug;gl;lJ
vd;gjpy; kiwg;gjw;F xd;Wkpy;iy. vd;gjpy; kiwg;gjw;F xd;Wkpy;iy.
,yq;if murpay;thjpfspdhy; ,g; ,yq;if murpay;thjpfspdhy; ,g;
gpur;rpidf;F jkf;Nf cupj;jhd gpur;rpidf;F jkf;Nf cupj;jhd
Kiwapy; jPu;nthd;iw toq;f Kiwapy; jPu;nthd;iw toq;f
,ayhikapd; gpd;dzpapy; mt;thwhd ,ayhikapd; gpd;dzpapy; mt;thwhd
xU jiyaPl;bd; %ykhfNtDk; xU jiyaPl;bd; %ykhfNtDk;
jPu;nthd;Wk; fpilf;fg;ngwy; vd;idg; jPu;nthd;Wk; fpilf;fg;ngwy; vd;idg;
nghWj;jkl;by; kfpo;r;rpf;Fupa xU nghWj;jkl;by; kfpo;r;rpf;Fupa xU
tplakhFk;. mJ kl;Lkd;wp ,j;jiyaPl;bd; tplakhFk;. mJ kl;Lkd;wp ,j;jiyaPl;bd;
fhuzkhfNt ,g;gpur;rpid njhlu;ghf fhuzkhfNt ,g;gpur;rpid njhlu;ghf
NtW tpjkhf rpe;jpf;fTk; nraw;glTk; NtW tpjkhf rpe;jpf;fTk; nraw;glTk;
vkJ ehl;L murpay;thjpfSf;F vkJ ehl;L murpay;thjpfSf;F
kl;Lkd;wp kf;fSf;Fk; xU re;ju;g;gk; kl;Lkd;wp kf;fSf;Fk; xU re;ju;g;gk;
fpilj;Js;sJ. kdpju;fspd; cupikfs; fpilj;Js;sJ. kdpju;fspd; cupikfs;
njhlu;ghf ,t;thwhd xU gpur;rpidf;F njhlu;ghf ,t;thwhd xU gpur;rpidf;F
ru;tNjrj;jpd; mOj;jkpd;wp murpay; ru;tNjrj;jpd; mOj;jkpd;wp murpay;
jPu;nthd;iwg; ngw;Wj; je;j ve;jnthU jPu;nthd;iwg; ngw;Wj; je;j ve;jnthU
ehLk; cyfj;jpy; ,y;iy. mJ ,d;Wk; ehLk; cyfj;jpy; ,y;iy. mJ ,d;Wk;
$l nry;Ygbahd xU fhuzpahFk;.$l nry;Ygbahd xU fhuzpahFk;.
ngupJk; ikag;gLj;jg;gl;lJk; ru;thjpfhu
Ml;rpf;Fg; ghijaikf;f toptFg;gJkhd
rf;jptha;e;j [dhjpgjpiaf; nfhz;l
xU murpayikg;Gf; fl;likg;gpw;Fs;
13tJ jpUj;jk; rku;g;gpf;fg;gl;L
ikag;gLj;jg;gl;l Ml;rpapy; mjpfhug;
gfpu;;T mk;rk; Nru;f;fg;gl;l NghJ> gu];gu
tpNuhjj; jd;iknahd;W fhzg;gl;l
NghJk; ,yq;if murpaYf;F mJ
xU Gjpa mDgtkhff; fhzg;gl;lJ.
mj; jpUj;jj;jpd; gpd;du; gjtpf;F
te;j midj;J murhq;fq;fSk;
mjpfhug; gfpu;T kw;Wk; jkpo; kf;fis
mlf;Ftjw;Fj; Njitahd gyk; nghUe;jpa
MAjkhf xUq;fpia gl;baiyNa
gad;gLj;jpaJ vd;gij ehk; mwpNthk;.
,t; murhq;fk; mjpfhug; gfpu;it
Vw;Wf;nfhs;shj xU murhq;fkhFk;.
MfNt khfhz tplaq;fNsh my;yJ
,ize;j tplaq;fNsh mtu;fSf;F
13tJ jpUj;jj;ij mKy;gLj;Jtjpy;
jilfis Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F md;W
gpNukjhr murhq;fk; gpd;gw;wpa murpay;
cghaq;fis tplTk; ghuJ}ukhd
tpjj;jpy; jpUj;jj;jpd; cs;slf;fj;jpd;
17C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013 r kh jh d Neh f; F
13tJ jpUj;jj;ij mKy;gLj;Jtjpy;
jilfis Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F
md;W gpNukjhr murhq;fk;
gpd;gw;wpa murpay; cghaq;fis
tplTk; ghuJ}ukhd tpjj;jpy;
jpUj;jj;jpd; cs;slf;fj;jpd;
rl;ll uPjpahd fl;likg;gpdhy;
gadila jw;Nghija
murhq;fk; jpwik ngw;Ws;sJ
vd;gjid ehk; mwpNthk;.
mJkl;Lkd;wp mjpfhuj;ijg;
gfpu;jy; vd;gJ ehfuPfkhd
xU murpay; nraw;ghL vd
r%fkag;gLj;jg;gl;l fyhrhuj;ij
gpd;Ndhf;fp efu;j;jp mjid
xU jfhj thu;j;ijahf
r%fkag;gLj;Jk; xU Kaw;rpapYk;
murhq;fk; ,wq;fpAs;sJ.
rl;l uPjpahd fl;likg;gpdhy; gadila
jw;Nghija murhq;fk; jpwik
ngw;Ws;sJ vd;gjid ehk; mwpNthk;.
mJkl;Lkd;wp mjpfhuj;ijg; gfpu;jy;
vd;gJ ehfuPfkhd xU murpay; nraw;ghL
vd r%fkag;gLj;jg;gl;l fyhrhuj;ij
gpd;Ndhf;fp efu;j;jp mjid xU jfhj
thu;j;ijahf r%fkag;gLj;Jk; xU
Kaw;rpapYk; murhq;fk; ,wq;fpAs;sJ.
mJkl;Lkd;wp gpNukjhr tbtpy; mike;j
,e;jpa vjpu;g;gpidj; Njhw;Wtpf;Fk;
nraw;ghLk; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,r;
nraw;jpl;lq;fSs; ky;tj;J m];fpup
Njuu;fSk; rpf;fpf; nfhz;Ls;sik
ngupJk; ftiyf;Fupa tplakhFk;.
md;W gpNukjhrtpd; ,e;jpa vjpu;g;gpd;
Kd;Nd gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; mjd; cjtpf;F
ghf;fp];jhd; kl;LNk ,Ue;j NghJk;
jw;Nghija murhq;fk; mjw;F rPdhitAk;
,izj;Jf;nfhz;Ls;sJ.
Rje;jpukile;j ehs; Kjy; ,d;W tiu
gjtp tfpj;j murhq;fq;fs; epiwNtw;W
mjpfhuj;ijg; gyg;gLj;Jtjw;Nf
nraw;gl;ldNt epiwNtw;W mjpfhuj;ijg;
gfpUk; Neu;ikahd Kaw;rpia
Nkw;nfhs;s tpy;iynad;gij
gpuj;jpNafkhff; Fwpg;gpl Ntz;bajpy;iy.
ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; ,iwik fhzg;gl;l
fhyj;jpYk; epiwNtw;W mjpfhuj;ijg;
gyg;gLj;Jk; cghaq;fspy; <Lgl;lJld;
1972 Mk; Mz;L murpay; ahg;G mjd;
cr;rf; fl;lkhff; fhzg;gl;lJ. MapDk;
1978Mk; Mz;bd; murpayikg;gpw;F
epiwNtw;W [dhjpgjpg; gjtp Kiw
mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gly; kw;Wk; 1978 ,d;
13 MtJ jpUj;jk; vd;gtw;wpidj;
njhlu;e;J ghuhSkd;w ,iwik vd;w
Nfhl;ghL ,y;yhnjhope;jJ. mt;thNw
murpayikg;gpw;Fr; Nru;f;fg;gl;l 18MtJ
jpUj;jj;ijj; njhlu;e;J epiwNtw;W
mjpfhuk; cr;rpf;Nf nrd;Wtpl;ljid
vLj;Jf;fhl;baJ. ghuhSkd;wk; ,d;W
epiwNtw;W mjpfhuj;jpd; xU Nfypf;$j;J
MFk;. ,t;thwhd xU epiyikapYk;
$l 13tJ jpUj;jk; vd;gJ ,d;Wk; 13tJ jpUj;jk; vd;gJ ,d;Wk;
rpWghd;ikapdUf;F ,Uf;fpd;w rpWghd;ikapdUf;F ,Uf;fpd;w
murpayikg;gpw;F mikthd xNunahU murpayikg;gpw;F mikthd xNunahU
ghJfhg;ghFk;. gpuNjr Rahl;rpf;fhd jkpo; ghJfhg;ghFk;. gpuNjr Rahl;rpf;fhd jkpo;
kf;fspd; Nfhupf;ifapidj; jpUg;jpg;gLj;j kf;fspd; Nfhupf;ifapidj; jpUg;jpg;gLj;j
kpff; Fiwe;jsT rhj;jpaj;jpidNa kpff; Fiwe;jsT rhj;jpaj;jpidNa
mJ nfhz;Ls;s NghJk; jw;Nghija mJ nfhz;Ls;s NghJk; jw;Nghija
#o;epiyapy; mtu;fsJ ngsjPf kw;Wk; #o;epiyapy; mtu;fsJ ngsjPf kw;Wk;
Md;kPf ey;ypUg;gpw;F XusNtDk; Md;kPf ey;ypUg;gpw;F XusNtDk;
toptFf;fpd;w jPu;T mJthFk;. toptFf;fpd;w jPu;T mJthFk;.
mj; jpUj;jk; murpayikg;gpypUe;J
mfw;wg;gLkhapd; rpq;fs - ngsj;j ,d
uPjpahd Mjpf;fj;jpid cr;rj;jpw;Nf vLj;Jr;
nry;tNj ,lk;ngWk;. me;j ,duPjpahd
Mjpf;fNk ehl;bid Aj;jnkhd;wpw;F
,l;Lr; nrd;wJ vd;gjid Rl;bf;fhl;l
Ntz;bajpy;iy. mjdhy; cUthfpa
Aj;jj;jpd; fhuzkhf r%fj;jpy;
tpijf;fg;gl;l kpNyr;rj;jdj;jpypUe;J
kf;fs; tpLgl Kbahky; cs;sJ. tlf;F
kf;fs; ,d;W nrhy;nyhdhj; Jd;gq;fspy;
rpf;fpj; jtpf;fpd;wdu;. mtu;fsJ
nghUsjhu r%f kw;Wk; csuPjpahd
ghjpg;Gf;fs; ,t;tsTjhd; vdf; Fwpg;gpl;Lf;
$w KbahJ. ,jidj; njhlu;e;J
,yq;ifapd; kf;fs; r%fk; gz;ghl;L
uPjpapy; tPo;r;rpaile;J fhzg;gLfpd;wik
kpfg; gaq;fukhd xU epiyikahFk;.
NghUf;Fg; gpd;duhd r%fj;jpy; tpNrlkhf
murhq;fj;jpw;F Aj;j vjpu;g;nghd;W
,y;yhj xU #o;epiyapy; midj;J
,dq;fisAk; xw;Wikg;gLj;jp mtu;fs;
midtUk; tpUk;Gfpd;wthW murpay;
Ntiyj;jpl;lnkhd;iw Muk;gpg;gjw;F
murhq;fk; Kaw;rp Nkw;nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;.
,r; re;ju;g;gj;jpy; 13tJ jpUj;jj;ijg;
g+uzkhf mKy;gLj;Jtjd; %yk;
kl;LNk murhq;fk; jkpo; kf;fspd;
kdjpid XusTf;NfDk; kPz;Lk;
ftu;e;Jnfhs;s KbAk;. mtu;fs;
Nfl;gJk; mJNt. mj; jpUj;jj;jpid
khw;wpaikf;f (Fiwf;f) Kaw;rpg;gnjd;gJ
kPz;Lk; ehL ,Uz;l vjpu;fhyj;ij
Nehf;fpg; gazk; nra;tjhFk;. mj;
jpUj;jj;ij ,y;yhnjhopg;gJ kPz;Lk;
gpuptpidthjpfspd; mgpyhirfSf;F
tha;g;gspg;gjhFk;. nfhd;gpArpa];
mtu;fsJ thu;j;ijfspy; $Wtjhapd;
xU ehl;by; thOk; midtuJk; ek;gpf;if
Ml;rpahsUf;Ff; fpilf;fpd;w re;ju;g;gj;jpy;
khj;jpuNk mq;F cWjpahd epiyik
Vw;gLk;. mt;thwhd xU ek;gpf;if
fpilf;fg;ngWk; gl;rj;jpy; gpuhe;jpa uPjpapYk;
gaKWj;jy;fs; vJTkpd;wp ehl;il
epu;tfpf;fyhk;. kf;fSf;F 'Rje;jpuk;"
toq;Ffpd;w NghNj ek;gpf;ifapidf;
fl;bnaOg;gyhk;. Rje;jpukhdJ
,uhZtj;jpdhy; epUtfpf;fg;gLfpd;w
xU r%fj;jpy; kf;fs; gak;> gPjp
vd;gtw;WlNdNa ,U tifahd
,uhZt mlf;FKiwf;Fl;gl;bUe;jjij
kwf;f KbahJ. mjid KbTf;F
nfhz;L tu Ntz;ba fhyk;
cUthfpAs;sJ. mtu;fsJ ngsjPf
kw;Wk; Md;kPf jw;WzpG vd;gd
kPz;Lk; toq;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
mJ murhq;fj;jpd; Kw;WKOjhd
ey;ypUg;gpw;F fhuzkhaikAk;. 13
MtJ murpayikg;Gr; rl;lj; jpUj;jj;ij
g+uzkhf eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjd;
%yk; mjidr; nra;a KbAnkd
vz;ZfpNwd;.
18 C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013r kh jh d Neh f; F
13tJ murpayikg;Gj; jpUj;jk;>khfhz rig mjpfhuq;fs;> khfhz rig Nju;jy;fs;
,yq;if murpaypy; kPz;Lk; #L gpbf;fMuk;gpj;Js;sd. ,t;tpjkhd fhyfl;lj;jpy;
rpWghd;ik ,dkhfpa K];ypk;fspd; khfhz rig murpay; gw;wp Nehf;FtjhfNt
,f;fl;Liu fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. Fwpg;ghf ,yq;ifapYs;s khfhz rigfis vLj;Jf;
nfhz;lhy;> fpof;F khfhzj;ijj; jtpu;e;j Vida khfhzq;fspy; K];ypk;fSila
nry;thf;F ,y;iynad;Nw $wyhk;. fpof;F kfhzj;ijj; jtpu;e;j ve;jnthU
khfhz rigapyhtJ K];ypk; mikr;rnuhUtiuf; fz;Lnfhs;s KbahJ. MfNt
K];ypk;fSk; khfhz rigAk; gw;wp Muha;tuhapd; mJ fpof;F khfhzj;ijNa
Kf;fpaj;Jtg;gLj;Jfpd;wij kWf;f KbahJ.
1987.07.29 Mk; jpfjp ,yq;if - ,e;jpa xg;ge;jj;jpd; gpufhuk; 13MtJ murpay;
mikg;Gj; jpUj;jk; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. tlf;F> fpof;fpy; tho;fpd;w rpWghd;ik
kf;fSf;Fmurpay; chpikfis ngw;Wf;nfhLg;gjw;fhf Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l khfhz rig
Kiwik 13MtJ murpayikg;Gj; jpUj;jj;jpd; Kf;fpa mk;rkhFk;. ,yq;if - ,e;jpa
xg;ge;jg;gb khfhz rigfis cUthf;Fjy;. khzhfq;fis xd;wpizj;jy;>khfhz
rigfSf;fhd Nju;jy;fs;> fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; cj;Njr kf;fs; mgpg;gpuha thf;nfLg;G> mur
fUk nkhopr;rl;lq;fs; Nghd;w tplaq;fs; Vw;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk; vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUe;jJ.
,yq;ifapy; K];ypk;fs; ,uz;lhtJ rpWghd;ikapduhf tho;fpd;whh;fs;. ,yq;ifapd;
nkhj;j rdj;njhifapy; Rkhu; 9¤ K];ypk;fshthu;. fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; nkhj;j
rdj;njhifapy; 32¤ K];ypk;fshtu;. fpof;F khfhzj;ij ikakhff; nfhz;Nl
K];ypk;fSila murpay; 1988 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J Kd;ndLf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Fwpg;ghf
m\;ug; jiyikapy; cUthf;fg;gl;l K];ypk;fSf;nfd;w jdpahdnjhU murpay; gpuNtrk;>
fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; ,Ue;Nj Njhw;wk; ngw;wJ.
nkh`kl; /g];yhd;
nfhOk;Gg; gy;fiyf; fofk;
13tJ murpay; mikg;Gj; jpUj;jKk; fpof;F khfhz K];ypk;fSk;
Photo source: berunews.wordpress.com
fpof;F kfhzj;ijj;
jtpu;e;j ve;jnthU khfhz
rigapyhtJ K];ypk;
mikr;rnuhUtiuf;
fz;Lnfhs;s KbahJ.
MfNt K];ypk;fSk;
khfhzrigAk; gw;wp
Muha;tuhapd; mJ
fpof;F khfhzj;ijNa
Kf;fpaj;Jtg;gLj;Jfpd;wij
kWf;f KbahJ.
19C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013 r kh jh d Neh f; F
1988 Mk; Mz;L tlkhfhzj;Jld; fpof;F khfhzk; xd;wpizf;fg;gl;L>
tlf;F fpof;F khfhzj;Jf;fhd Nju;jy; ,lk; ngw;wJ. fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; 33¤
ngUk;ghd;ikiaf; nfhz;l K];ypk;fs; tlf;F fpof;F ,izg;Gld; murpay;
epu;f;fjpf;F Mshfpdu;. ,jd; gpd;du; fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; Mq;fhq;Nf jkpou;fSf;Fk;
K];ypk;fSf;FkpilNa fytuq;fs; Vw;gl;likAk; ,e;jpa ,uhZtk; mtw;iwj; jLg;gjw;F
eltbf;if vLf;fhikAk; K];ypk;fSf;F NkYk; Vkhw;wj;ij mspj;jJ.
K];ypk;fisg; nghUj;jkl;by;> mtu;fs; mjpfhug; gfpu;tpy; mjpfsT Mu;tk;
fhl;lhtpl;lhYk;> Muk;gfhy khfhz rig KiwahdJ ngUk; Vkhw;wj;ijNa mtu;fSf;Fg;
ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jJ. fpof;F khfhzj;jij jkf;F xU murpay; jskhf;f Ntz;Lnkd;w
K];ypk; murpay; vjpu;ghu;g;Gf;F> N[. Mu; [atu;jdhtpd; epiwNtw;W mjpfhuk; ngUk;
Vkhw;wj;ij mspj;jJ. mjhtJ tlf;F fpof;F khfhzk; xd;wpize;j Nju;jypy;
rpWghd;ik jkpo; kf;fspd; vjpu;ghu;g;igAk; K];ypk;fspd; vjpu;ghh;g;igAk; FopNjhz;bg;
Gijj;jJ. ,j;Nju;jypid jkpoPo tpLjiyGypfs; $l vjpu;j;jdu;. ,e;jpa ,uhZtj;jpd;
mDruizg; ngw;NwhUk; N[.Mu;. [atu;jd murhq;f gpujpepjpfSNk tlf;F fpof;F
khfhz rigapy; epakpf;fg;gl;ldu;.
khfhz rig Muk;gNk K];ypk;fSf;F Vkhw;wj;ijNa mspj;jJ. ehl;by; gpd;du; khfhz rig Muk;gNk K];ypk;fSf;F Vkhw;wj;ijNa mspj;jJ. ehl;by; gpd;du;
Vw;gl;l Aj;j #o;epiyfspdhy; tlf;F fpof;F khfhz rigfs; ,aq;ftpy;iy. Vw;gl;l Aj;j #o;epiyfspdhy; tlf;F fpof;F khfhz rigfs; ,aq;ftpy;iy.
vt;thwhapDk; tlf;F fpof;F jw;fhypf ,izg;G K];ypk;fspd; vjpu;g;Gf;F kj;jpapYk; vt;thwhapDk; tlf;F fpof;F jw;fhypf ,izg;G K];ypk;fspd; vjpu;g;Gf;F kj;jpapYk;
2006 Mk; Mz;Ltiu mKypy; ,Ue;jJ. 2006 Mk; Mz;L cau; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPu;g;gpd; 2006 Mk; Mz;Ltiu mKypy; ,Ue;jJ. 2006 Mk; Mz;L cau; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPu;g;gpd;
gpufhuk; tlf;F fpof;F khfhz rigfs; jd; jdpj;jdpahfg; gpupf;fg;gl;ld.gpufhuk; tlf;F fpof;F khfhz rigfs; jd; jdpj;jdpahfg; gpupf;fg;gl;ld.
mjd; gpd;du; 2008 Mk; Mz;L eilngw;w KjyhtJ fpof;Fkhfhz rigj; Nju;jypy;
52¤ thf;Ffisg; ngw;w If;fpa kf;fs; Rje;jpu Kd;dzp ntw;wp ngw;wJ. ,j;Nju;jypy;
ntw;wp ngw;w tpLjiyg; Gypfspd; Kd;dhs; Nghuhspahd rptNerj;Jiw re;jpufhe;jd;
(gps;isahd;) Kjyikr;ruhfg; gjtp Vw;whu;. If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rpAld; ,ize;J Nghl;bapl;l
=yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]pw;F Nju;jypy; ntw;wp ngwKbahky; Ngha;tpl;lJ. mj;Jld;
If;fpakf;fs; Rje;jpu Kd;dzpapy; Nghl;bapl;l `p];Gy;yhtpd; Kjyikr;ru; fdTk;
iff;$ltpy;iy. vdNt ,uz;lhtJ jlitahfTk; K];ypk;fs; khfhz rig Kiwapy;
Vkhw;wk; mile;jij ,J vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
2012 Mk; Mz;L eilngw;w ,uz;lhtJ fpof;F khfhz rigj; Nju;jypy; =yq;fh
K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; 7Mrdq;fisg; ngw;W> 14 Mrdq;fisg; ngw;w If;fpa kf;fs; Rje;jpu
Kd;dzpAld; $l;Lr; Nru;e;J fpof;F khfhz rig Ml;rpia mikj;jJ. ,jd; NghJ
Kjd;Kjyhf K];ypk; xUtu; fpof;F khfhzrigapy; Kjyikr;ruhf epakpf;fg;gl;lhu;.
K];ypk; xUtu; Kjyikr;ruhf tuNtz;Lk; vd;w ,yf;if ikakhf itj;Nj
=yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; Nghl;bapl;lJ. jk;Gs;is gs;spthry; tptfhuk;> `yhy;
gpur;rpid K];ypk;fSf;F vjpuhd nghJgyNrdhtpd; eltbf;iffis ikakhf itj;J
murhq;fj;jpw;F vjpuhfj; Nju;jy; gpur;rhuk; Nkw;nfhz;l =yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu];
K];ypk;fspd; thf;Ffisg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;L kPz;Lk; murhq;fj;Jld; ,ize;J
fpof;F khfhz rigapy; Ml;rp mikj;jjhdJ fpof;F khfhz K];ypk;fis NkYk;
Vkhw;wj;Jf;Fs;shf;fpaJ. Nju;jy; Kbtpy; ,yq;if jkpouRf; fl;rp 11Mrdq;fisngw;whYk;
Ml;rp mikf;ff; $ba gyk; mjw;F ,Uf;ftpy;iy. rpWghd;ik kf;fspd; gyk; nfhz;l
fpof;F khfhz rigia cUthf;f ,Ue;j re;ju;g;gj;ij =yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu];
,y;yhnjhopj;jJ. jq;fSila mikr;Rg; gjtpfisAk; Vida tug;gpurhjq;fisAk;
ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; Raey murpaiy K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; kPz;Lk; xUKiw ntspg;gLj;jp
,Ue;jJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
vt;thwhapDk; jw;Nghija fpof;F khfhzrigapy; K];ypk;fSf;F mikr;Rg;
nghWg;Gf;fs; fpilf;fg; ngw;Ws;sJ. ,jdhy; K];ypk; gpuNjrq;fspy; mgptpUj;jp Vw;gl
Muk;gpj;Js;sij kWf;f KbahJ. MdhYk;> fpof;F khfhzrigapd; MSdhpd;
mjpfhuq;fisf; Fiwj;J kjpg;gplKbahJ. Vnddpy; [dhjpgjpapDila mjpfhuq;fis
,yq;ifapd; nkhj;j ,yq;ifapd; nkhj;j
rdj;njhifapy; Rkhu; rdj;njhifapy; Rkhu;
9¤ fpof;F khzj;jpy; 9¤ fpof;F khzj;jpy;
nkhj;j rdj;njhifapy; nkhj;j rdj;njhifapy;
32¤ K];ypk;fshtu;. 32¤ K];ypk;fshtu;.
fpof;F khfhzj;ij fpof;F khfhzj;ij
ikakhff; nfhz;Nl ikakhff; nfhz;Nl
K];ypk;fSila murpay; K];ypk;fSila murpay;
1988 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J 1988 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J
Kd;ndLf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Kd;ndLf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
Fwpg;ghf m\;ug; Fwpg;ghf m\;ug;
jiyikapy; cUthf;fg;gl;l jiyikapy; cUthf;fg;gl;l
K];ypk;fSf;nfd;w K];ypk;fSf;nfd;w
jdpahdnjhU murpay; jdpahdnjhU murpay;
gpuNtrk;> fpof;F gpuNtrk;> fpof;F
khfhzj;jpy; ,Ue;Nj khfhzj;jpy; ,Ue;Nj
Njhw;wk; ngw;wJ. Njhw;wk; ngw;wJ.
20 C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013r kh jh d Neh f; F
K];ypk;fisg; nghUj;jkl;by;>
mtu;fs; mjpfhug;
gfpu;tpy; mjpfsT Mu;tk;
fhl;lhtpl;lhYk;> Muk;gfhy
khfhzrig KiwahdJ ngUk;
Vkhw;wj;ijNa mtu;fSf;Fg;
ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jJ. fpof;F
khfhzj;jij jkf;F
xU murpay; jskhf;f
Ntz;Lnkd;w K];ypk; murpay;
vjpu;ghu;g;ghdJ> N[. Mu;
[atu;jdhtpd; epiwNtw;W
mjpfhuk; ngUk; Vkhw;wj;ij
mspj;jJ. mjhtJ tlf;F
fpof;F khfhzk; xd;wpize;j
Nju;jypy; rpWghd;ik jkpo;
kf;fspd; vjpu;ghu;g;igAk;
K];ypk;fspd; vjpu;ghh;g;igAk;
FopNjhz;b Gijj;jJ.
Neubahf gpuNahfpf;ff;$ba xUthuhf MSdu; fhzg;gLfpd;whh;. ,jdhy; jhd;
fpof;F khfhz rig Kjyikr;ru; jq;fSf;F NkYk; mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg;glNtz;Lk;
vdmz;ikapy; Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jhu;.
jw;NghJ tlkhfhz rigj; Nju;jy; mwptpf;fg;gl;l epiyapy; 13 MtJmurpay;
rPu;j;jpUj;jk; gw;wp kPz;Lk; Ngrg;gLfpd;wJ. 13 MtJ murpayikg;Gj; jpUj;jj;jpy; khfhz
rigfSf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;s nghyP];> fhzp kw;Wk; khfhzq;fs; xd;wpizjy;
Mfpamjpfhuq;fs; Fiwf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; my;yJ kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nahrid
murhq;fj;jpw;F Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. Vnddpy; vjpu;tUk; tlkhfhz rigj; Nju;jypy; jkpo; Njrpa
$l;likg;G ntw;wp ngw;why; ,t; mjpfhuq;fs; rpWghd;ikj; jkpo; kf;fs; iffspy; Ngha;tplf;
$lhJ vd rpq;fsf; fLk; Nghf;Ff; fl;rpfSk; vjpu;ghu;f;fpd;wdu;. 13MtJ murpay; mikg;G
jpUj;jj;jpw;fhd ghuhSkd;wj; njupTf;FOTk; epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,j;njhpTf;FOtpy;
=yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]pw;fhd gpujpepjpj;Jtk; toq;fg;gltpy;iy. Vnddpy;
K.fh ,e;j 13 MtJ murpayikg;Gj;jpUj;jj;ij ePf;Ftijapl;L jq;fsJ vjpu;g;ig
njuptpf;fpd;wikahFk;.
fpof;F khfhz K];ypk;fs; kw;Wk; = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; MfpNahu; jkpo; kf;fs; fpof;F khfhz K];ypk;fs; kw;Wk; = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; MfpNahu; jkpo; kf;fs;
Nfhupa mjpfhug; gfpu;T Kiwia xUNghJk; Nfhupajpy;iy. tpLjiyg; GypfSldhd Nfhupa mjpfhug; gfpu;T Kiwia xUNghJk; Nfhupajpy;iy. tpLjiyg; GypfSldhd
Ngr;Rthu;j;jifspd; NghJ> jkpou;fSf;F mjpfhuk; toq;fg;gl;lhy; K];ypk;fSf;Fk; Ngr;Rthu;j;jifspd; NghJ> jkpou;fSf;F mjpfhuk; toq;fg;gl;lhy; K];ypk;fSf;Fk;
toq;fg;glNtz;Lk; vd;w njhdpapNyNa K];ypk; fhq;fpu]pd; mjpfhug; gutyhf;fk; gw;wpa toq;fg;glNtz;Lk; vd;w njhdpapNyNa K];ypk; fhq;fpu]pd; mjpfhug; gutyhf;fk; gw;wpa
Nghuhl;lk; fhzg;gl;lNjnahopa K];ypk;fSf;nfd;w jdpahd mjpfhug; gfpu;itf; Nfhup Nghuhl;lk; fhzg;gl;lNjnahopa K];ypk;fSf;nfd;w jdpahd mjpfhug; gfpu;itf; Nfhup
Nghuhltpy;iy vdyhk;. 1990 fspy; tpLjiyg; Gypfspdhy; fpof;F khfhz K];ypk;fSf;F Nghuhltpy;iy vdyhk;. 1990 fspy; tpLjiyg; Gypfspdhy; fpof;F khfhz K];ypk;fSf;F
Vw;gl;l frg;ghd mDgtq;fs; ,jw;Ff; fhuzkhf ,Uf;fyhk;.Vw;gl;l frg;ghd mDgtq;fs; ,jw;Ff; fhuzkhf ,Uf;fyhk;.
vdpDk; ,yq;if tuyhw;wpy; Kjd;Kiwahf> khfhz rigfspd; mjpfhuq;fs;
Fiwf;fg;gLtjw;F =yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; jq;fsJ vjpu;g;igj; njuptpj;Js;sikia>
,yq;ifr; rpWghd;ik kf;fisg; nghWj;jkl;by; tuNtw;fj; jf;f tplakhFk;. fpof;F
khfhzrig %yk; fpof;F K];ypk;fs; mDgtpf;Fk; murpay; kw;Wk; nghUshjhu
ed;ikfis ,oe;Jtplf; $lhJ vd;gNj =yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]pd; Nehf;fhFk;.
khwhf jkpo; kf;fspd; mjpfhug; gutyhf;fg; Nghuhl;lj;Jf;F ,jid xg;gpl KbahJ. jkpo;
kf;fSila mjpfhug; gutyhf;fk; gw;wpa Nghuhl;lk; “cstpay; NjitahFk;” (psychological need). mjid ,yFthfj; jPu;f;f KbahJ. Mdhy; K];ypk;fSila mjpfhug;gutyhf;fk;
gw;wpa Nghuhl;lk; “nghUs;ika NjitahFk;” (material need). ,jidr; rpy nghUshjhu
tsq;fis toq;Ftjd; %yk; jPu;f;fyhk;. =yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; kw;Wk; Vida
K];ypk; murpay; thjpfs; gl;lk; gjtpfSld; jkJ Nghuhl;lq;fis Klf;fpf; nfhs;tJ
,jw;Fr; rpwe;j cjhuzkhFk;.
13tJ murpay; mikg;Gj; jpUj;jj;jpd; %yk; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l khfhz rigKiwapy;>
Fwpg;ghff; fpof;F khfhz rigapy;> 2012 Mk; Mz;bw;Fg; gpd;dNu K];ypk;fs;
cz;ikahf Ml;rp mjpfhuk; nrYj;j Muk;gpj;Js;sdu;. MfNt khfhz rig Kiwapy;
mjpfhuq;fs; Fiwf;fg;gLtij fpof;if ikakhff; nfhz;l =yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu];
vjpu;g;gjpy; vt;tpjkhd Mr;rupaKk; ,y;iy.
21C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013 r kh jh d Neh f; F
13MtJ jpUj;jj;jpd;
tuyhw;iw Muha;e;J
ghh;j;jhy; mJ
mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl Kd;dUk;>
gpd;dUk; ve;jnthU
NtWghLkpd;wp kj;jpa muR
Fwpj;j mjpfhuq;fis
gad;gLj;JtJk;>
toq;fg;gl;bUe;j rpy
mjpfhuq;fs; $l kPsTk;
ngwg;gl;Ls;snjd;gJk; kpfj;
njspT. mjpfhuq;fis
gfph;e;J 13MtJ
jpUj;jj;jpD}lhfthtJ
jPh;tpid vjph;ghh;j;j rl;lfkhf
milahsg;gLj;j KbahJ.
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jkpo; r%fk; ,ioj;Js;s jtWfs; mjpfk;
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13MtJ murpayikg;Gj; jpUj;jk; ,dg;gpur;ridf;F nghUj;jkhd murpay; jPh;T
toq;Ftjw;F NghJkhd murpay; gq;fspg;G my;y.
xw;iwahl;rp KiwapDs;NsNa LLRC gupe;Jiufis nraw;gLj;j Ntz;bAs;sJ. ,e;j
xw;iwahl;rp KiwikapDs; rpWghd;ik ,df;FOf;fSf;Fhpa NghJkhdsT murpay;
mjpfhug; gfph;it xUNghJk; Nkw;nfhs;s KbahJ. 13MtJ jpUj;jj;jpd; tuyhw;iw
Muha;e;J ghh;j;jhy; mJ mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl Kd;dUk;> gpd;dUk; ve;jnthU NtWghLkpd;wp
kj;jpa muR Fwpj;j mjpfhuq;fis gad;gLj;JtJk;> toq;fg;gl;bUe;j rpy mjpfhuq;fs; $l
kPsTk; ngwg;gl;Ls;snjd;gJk; kpfj; njspT. mjpfhuq;fis gfph;e;J 13MtJ jpUj;jj;jpD}
lhfthtJ jPh;tpid vjph;ghh;j;j rl;lfkhf mjid milahsg;gLj;j KbahJ. mjpfhu gfph;T
nra;ag;gLk; NghJ ,d> nkhop r%fq;fs; rpwpjhf ,Ue;jhYk;$l mtw;wpw;F mjpfhuq;fis
chpathW gfpe;jspf;f eltbf;if vLg;gJ ftdnkLf;fg;gl Ntz;ba xU tplakhFk;. jkf;F
toq;fg;gl;Ls;s murpay; mjpfhuj;ij gad;gLj;jp jkJ mgptpUj;jpj; Njitfis mile;J
nfhs;sf;$ba tha;g;G rpWghd;ik ,d r%fj;Jf;F fpilf;fhik ,jpYs;s kpf Nkhrkhd
FiwghlhFk;.
,q;Nf kpfTk; ftiyf;Fhpa tplak; vd;dntd;why; tphpthd mjpfhug; gfph;Tf;fhd ,q;Nf kpfTk; ftiyf;Fhpa tplak; vd;dntd;why; tphpthd mjpfhug; gfph;Tf;fhd
tha;g;gpUf;Fk; NghJ$l mjid ftdj;jpnyLf;fhky; nraw;gLk; Nghf;F njd;gFjp murpay; tha;g;gpUf;Fk; NghJ$l mjid ftdj;jpnyLf;fhky; nraw;gLk; Nghf;F njd;gFjp murpay;
mjpfhuKs;Nshhplk; gpugykile;Js;sikahFk;. ,e;j fUj;ij ehk; cl;gl ,d;Dk; gyh; mjpfhuKs;Nshhplk; gpugykile;Js;sikahFk;. ,e;j fUj;ij ehk; cl;gl ,d;Dk; gyh;
vg;NghJk; $wpte;Js;sJld; jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfs; jdpauR vg;NghJk; $wpte;Js;sJld; jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfs; jdpauR (Separate State)(Separate State) Nfhhp Nfhhp
Nghhpl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jNghJ $l ehk; rk\;b Kiwf;fhf Nghhpl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jNghJ $l ehk; rk\;b Kiwf;fhf (Federalism)(Federalism) njhlh;r;rpahf Fuy; njhlh;r;rpahf Fuy;
nfhLj;Njhk;. nfhLj;Njhk;.
Kbtile;j Nghhpy; nrhy;y KbahjsT ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shdJ jkpo; r%fNk. Kbtile;j Nghhpy; nrhy;y KbahjsT ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shdJ jkpo; r%fNk.
mjw;fika me;j r%fj;jpd; jiyth;fs; nra;jJ rhpah> gpioah vd ghh;g;gjid tplTk; mjw;fika me;j r%fj;jpd; jiyth;fs; nra;jJ rhpah> gpioah vd ghh;g;gjid tplTk;
22 C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013r kh jh d Neh f; F
,e;j ehl;bYs;s murpay;
gpur;rpidapd; Xh; ajhh;j;jk;
vd;dntd;why; jkpo; kf;fspd;
murpay; chpikfis
ghJfhg;gjw;f;F eltbf;if
vLf;fhky; cz;ikahd
ey;ypzf;fj;ij ,e;ehl;by;
epWt KbahJ vd;gjhFk;.
jkJ murpay; mgpyhirfs;>
mgptpUj;jp tha;g;Gf;fSld;
,ize;jjhf ,e;j muR
vjidAk; jkf;F toq;fhJ
vDk; Kw;jPh;g;GlNdNa
tlf;Fj; jkpoh;fs;
,Uf;fpd;wdh;.
jtwpiof;fg;gl;l ,lq;fis rPh;nra;af;$ba jtwpiof;fg;gl;l ,lq;fis rPh;nra;af;$ba
Gjpa murpay; tbtNk kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdJ. Gjpa murpay; tbtNk kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdJ.
gpur;rpidfs;> td;Kiwfs; epiwe;j r%fg; gpur;rpidfs;> td;Kiwfs; epiwe;j r%fg;
gpd;dzpapy; midtUk; <Lgl;l murpay; gpd;dzpapy; midtUk; <Lgl;l murpay;
nraw;ghLfspd; jtWfisf; nraw;ghLfspd; jtWfisf; (Mistakes)(Mistakes) fz;Lnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,d;ndhU gf;fk; fz;Lnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,d;ndhU gf;fk;
jkJ r%fj;jpd; murpay; tpUg;gq;fis jkJ r%fj;jpd; murpay; tpUg;gq;fis
rupahfg; gad;gLj;jf;$basT tha;g;G rupahfg; gad;gLj;jf;$basT tha;g;G
jkpo; murpay; jiyth;fSf;F fpilj;jjh jkpo; murpay; jiyth;fSf;F fpilj;jjh
vd;gJ re;Njfj;Jf;FhpaJ. tlf;F fpof;fpy; vd;gJ re;Njfj;Jf;FhpaJ. tlf;F fpof;fpy;
Kjy; jlitahf epWtg;gl;l khfhz Kjy; jlitahf epWtg;gl;l khfhz
rigapy; $l ,Ue;j ,e;jpa mOj;jk; rigapy; $l ,Ue;j ,e;jpa mOj;jk;
kw;Wk; ,yq;if kj;jpa murpd; cjhrPdk; kw;Wk; ,yq;if kj;jpa murpd; cjhrPdk;
fhuzkhf mjd; gpujpepjpfs; vjidAk; fhuzkhf mjd; gpujpepjpfs; vjidAk;
nra;af;$ba #oy; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. mjdhy; nra;af;$ba #oy; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. mjdhy;
mjd; Kjyikr;ruhd tujuh[g;ngUkhs; mjd; Kjyikr;ruhd tujuh[g;ngUkhs;
jd;dhl;rp myfpid gpufldg;gLj;jpdhh;. jd;dhl;rp myfpid gpufldg;gLj;jpdhh;.
mth; gpufldg;gLj;jpaJ Nghd;Nw mjid mth; gpufldg;gLj;jpaJ Nghd;Nw mjid
epahag;gLj;jf;$ba gpd;dzpf;F mJ epahag;gLj;jf;$ba gpd;dzpf;F mJ
,lkspf;ftpy;iy. mjdhy; cldbahf ,lkspf;ftpy;iy. mjdhy; cldbahf
ehl;iltpl;L jg;gpNahbdhu;. ehl;iltpl;L jg;gpNahbdhu;.
xw;iwahl;rp Kiwikapy; rpWghd;ik xw;iwahl;rp Kiwikapy; rpWghd;ik
,d chpikfs;,d chpikfs;
,e;j xw;iwahl;rp KiwikapDs;
rpWghd;ik ,d chpikfs;> Fwpg;ghf
murpay; Rje;jpuk; fpilf;ff;$ba tha;g;G kpf
nrhw;gNk. jkpo; kf;fspd; kdepiyahdJ
xw;iwahl;rp Kiwia Mjupf;fhjjhFk;.
jkf;F mt;tsT el;ghd Kiway;y
vd;Nw xw;iwahl;rpia Nehf;Ffpd;wdu;.
mjw;fika jdpauR kw;Wk; xw;iwahl;rp
KiwikfSf;fpilapyhd VjhtJ
mjpfhug; gfph;T Kiwnahd;iw ,jw;F
gjpyPL nra;aNtz;Lnkd;gNj vdJ
ghh;it. ,Ug;gpDk; jw;NghJs;s murpay;
tha;g;ig gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;f;Fk;
jkpo; murpay; fl;rpfs; mf;fiw vLf;f
Ntz;Lk;. nghyP];> fhzp mjpfhuq;fs; nghyP];> fhzp mjpfhuq;fs;
ePf;fg;gLkhapd; jhk; tl khfhzrigf;F ePf;fg;gLkhapd; jhk; tl khfhzrigf;F
Nghl;bapLtjpy;iy vd jkpo; murpay; Nghl;bapLtjpy;iy vd jkpo; murpay;
fl;rpfs; mz;ikapy; $wpAs;sd. fl;rpfs; mz;ikapy; $wpAs;sd.
mt;thwhd gpd;dzpapy;$l jkpo; mt;thwhd gpd;dzpapy;$l jkpo;
Njrpa $l;likg;G Nghl;bapl Ntz;Lk;. Njrpa $l;likg;G Nghl;bapl Ntz;Lk;.
,Uf;Fk; murpay; KiwikapDs; VjhtJ ,Uf;Fk; murpay; KiwikapDs; VjhtJ
eyid ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAkhapd; mJ eyid ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAkhapd; mJ
murpay; gq;fspg;ig fhl;LtJ kl;LNk. murpay; gq;fspg;ig fhl;LtJ kl;LNk.
,J kpfTk; Fiwe;j kl;lj;jpyhd ,J kpfTk; Fiwe;j kl;lj;jpyhd
mjpfhug; gfph;T murpay; tha;g;ghFk;. mjpfhug; gfph;T murpay; tha;g;ghFk;.
mJ ,Uf;Fk; gpur;ridf;F jPh;thfhJ mJ ,Uf;Fk; gpur;ridf;F jPh;thfhJ
vd;w NghjpYk; fLk; Nghf;fhsh;fspd; vd;w NghjpYk; fLk; Nghf;fhsh;fspd;
tpkh;rdq;fSf;Fs;shfyhk;. mjdhy; tpkh;rdq;fSf;Fs;shfyhk;. mjdhy;
,Uf;Fk; tha;g;Gf;fis gad;gLj;jpf; ,Uf;Fk; tha;g;Gf;fis gad;gLj;jpf;
nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j ehl;bYs;s murpay;
gpur;rpidapd; Xh; ajhh;j;jk; vd;dntd;why;
jkpo; kf;fspd; murpay; chpikfis
ghJfhg;gjw;f;F eltbf;if vLf;fhky;
cz;ikahd ey;ypzf;fj;ij ,e;ehl;by;
epWt KbahJ vd;gjhFk;. jkJ murpay;
mgpyhirfs;> mgptpUj;jp tha;g;Gf;fSld;
,ize;jjhf ,e;j muR vjidAk;
jkf;F toq;fhJ vDk; Kw;jPh;g;GlNdNa
tlf;Fj; jkpoh;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wdh;. me;j
kdepiyia khw;Wtjhapd; murhq;fj;jpd;
topKiwfis khw;w Ntz;Lk;. jkpoPo jkpoPo
tpLjiyg; Gypfs; kpfTk; ,aq;FjpwDld; tpLjiyg; Gypfs; kpfTk; ,aq;FjpwDld;
,Ue;j fhyj;jpy; njw;fpd; murpay; jyikfs; ,Ue;j fhyj;jpy; njw;fpd; murpay; jyikfs;
XusT kl;lj;jpyhd mjpfhug; gfph;Tf;F XusT kl;lj;jpyhd mjpfhug; gfph;Tf;F
nry;yf;$lhnjd;W rpe;jid nra;jhh;fs;. nry;yf;$lhnjd;W rpe;jid nra;jhh;fs;.
jkpoPo tpLjiyg;Gypfs; mjid gad;gLj;jp jkpoPo tpLjiyg;Gypfs; mjid gad;gLj;jp
jdpauR Nehf;fpr; nry;Yk; ,yf;if jdpauR Nehf;fpr; nry;Yk; ,yf;if
milayhnkDk; re;NjfNk mjw;Ff; milayhnkDk; re;NjfNk mjw;Ff;
fhuzk;. ,Ug;gpDk; jkpoPo tpLjiyg; fhuzk;. ,Ug;gpDk; jkpoPo tpLjiyg;
Gypfs; Njhy;tpaile;Js;s gpd;dzpapy; Gypfs; Njhy;tpaile;Js;s gpd;dzpapy;
njhlh;e;Jk; toq;fg;gl;Ls;s mjpfhuq;fisf; njhlh;e;Jk; toq;fg;gl;Ls;s mjpfhuq;fisf;
$l kPs ngWtjw;Ff; Kaw;rpg;gijg; Ghpe;J $l kPs ngWtjw;Ff; Kaw;rpg;gijg; Ghpe;J
nfhs;tJ fbdk;. jw;NghJ mth;fs; ,e;j nfhs;tJ fbdk;. jw;NghJ mth;fs; ,e;j
Kiwikf;F gof;fg;gl;Ltpl;ldh;. jdpauir Kiwikf;F gof;fg;gl;Ltpl;ldh;. jdpauir
Nehf;fpr; nry;tjw;F NghJkhdsTf;fhtJ Nehf;fpr; nry;tjw;F NghJkhdsTf;fhtJ
mth;fs; Kd;tUthh;fs; vd ehd; mth;fs; Kd;tUthh;fs; vd ehd;
epidf;ftpy;iy. ,e;ehl;bd; rk;gtq;fs; epidf;ftpy;iy. ,e;ehl;bd; rk;gtq;fs;
vg;NghJk; rh;tNjrj;Jf;Ff; nfhz;L vg;NghJk; rh;tNjrj;Jf;Ff; nfhz;L
nry;yg;gLtjid ghh;f;Fk;NghJ> nry;yg;gLtjid ghh;f;Fk;NghJ>
cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngWk; mepahaq;fSf;F cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngWk; mepahaq;fSf;F
cs;ehl;by; jPh;T ,y;yhjNghJ mt;thW cs;ehl;by; jPh;T ,y;yhjNghJ mt;thW
,lk;ngwyhk;. ,Ug;gpDk; mjid ,lk;ngwyhk;. ,Ug;gpDk; mjid
xU tof;fkhf Nkw;nfhs;tjd; %yk; xU tof;fkhf Nkw;nfhs;tjd; %yk;
cz;ikahd ey;ypzf;fj;Jf;F tha;g;Gf; cz;ikahd ey;ypzf;fj;Jf;F tha;g;Gf;
fpilg;gJ rpukkhdJ. kWGwk; njw;fpd; fpilg;gJ rpukkhdJ. kWGwk; njw;fpd;
rftho;T njhlh;gpy; vt;tsT nrhd;dhYk; rftho;T njhlh;gpy; vt;tsT nrhd;dhYk;
mJgw;wpa cz;ikahd Njit mJgw;wpa cz;ikahd Njit
,Uf;ftpy;iy. ,Uf;ftpy;iy. njw;fpy; ey;ypzf;fk;
vd;gJ ,d;DnkhU fth;r;rpfukhd
trdk; kl;LNk. mjw;fhf njw;F
tlf;Ff;F XusT tha;g;gspf;f Ntz;Lk;.
tlkhfhz rig epWtg;gLtjw;f;F vjpuhf
njw;F kpfTk; gykhf FunyOg;GfpwJ.
,Ug;gpDk; mt;thwhd epiyapyhtJ
gpuNjr hPjpapyhd mjpfhuj;Jldhd jkpo;
murpay; thjpfis cUthf;fpa gpd;dh;
mth;fs; NkYk; Njrpa murpaYf;F
fth;e;jpOf;fg;gLthh;fs;. mjd;NghJ
XusT mjpfhu rl;lfk; cUthf;fg;gLtjd;
%yk; mjNdhbize;j cz;ikapNyNa
23C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013 r kh jh d Neh f; F
2002 Mz;by; rk\;b
Kiwf;fhd tha;g;G njhlh;gpy;
mf;fiw vLf;ff;$ba rpwe;j
tha;g;G fpilj;jJ. ,Ug;gpDk;
mJ if eOtp tpl;lJ.
rpq;fs r%fj;ij tplTk;
jkpo; r%fj;jpdh; mjpfkhd
jtWfis tpl;ljhfNt
ehd; epidf;fpNwd;. mJ
jkpo; murpaypd; Xh; ikag;
gFjpahFk;. vg;NghJk;
jtWfs; Vw;gLfpd;wd.
mjpfhuj;Jf;F tpUg;gKila murpay;
Nghl;bepiy cUthjy; ,jD}lhf
ngUk;ghYk; ,lk;ngWk;. mjw;fika
tlf;Ff;F khfhz rigia toq;Fk;
jPh;khdk; njw;fpd; murpay; je;jpNuhghak;
vdTk; tpsf;fkspf;fyhk;. njhlh;e;Jk;
xNu ,yq;if ,dkhf nraw;gLk;NghJ
midj;J r%fj;jpdhpdJk; ,izg;ig
cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F ,e;j je;jpNuhghak;
fhuzkhFk;.
njw;F vjid nfhLf;fhtpl;lhYk; njw;F vjid nfhLf;fhtpl;lhYk;
tlf;fpy; gpur;ridahd epiy Vw;gl tlf;fpy; gpur;ridahd epiy Vw;gl
,lkpy;iy. jkpo; r%fk; NghJkhdsTf;F ,lkpy;iy. jkpo; r%fk; NghJkhdsTf;F
gpur;ridfSf;F Ml;gl;bUg;gNj gpur;ridfSf;F Ml;gl;bUg;gNj
mjw;F fhuzk;. vdJ ghlrhiy mjw;F fhuzk;. vdJ ghlrhiy
fhyj;jpy; aho;g;ghz ,sk; Nghuhsp fhyj;jpy; aho;g;ghz ,sk; Nghuhsp
mikg;Gfspd; Kfhk;fSf;fUfpy; E}mikg;Gfspd; Kfhk;fSf;fUfpy; E}
w;Wf;fzf;fhd ,isQh;fs; FOkp w;Wf;fzf;fhd ,isQh;fs; FOkp
epw;gjid fz;Ls;Nsd;. mtw;Wld; epw;gjid fz;Ls;Nsd;. mtw;Wld;
,ize;J nfhOk;G muRf;nfjpuhf ,ize;J nfhOk;G muRf;nfjpuhf
NghhpLk; Njit mf;fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;jJ. NghhpLk; Njit mf;fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;jJ.
,Wjpapy; mjd; kWgf;fNk eilngw;wJ. ,Wjpapy; mjd; kWgf;fNk eilngw;wJ.
Nghhplj; Njitahd ,sk; cWg;gpdh;fis Nghhplj; Njitahd ,sk; cWg;gpdh;fis
Njbg;gpbg;gJ rpukkhdjw;Ff; fhuzk; mJ Njbg;gpbg;gJ rpukkhdjw;Ff; fhuzk; mJ
njhlh;ghd Njit jkpo; ,isQh;fsplk; njhlh;ghd Njit jkpo; ,isQh;fsplk;
,Uf;fhik ahFk;. mjhtJ njhlh;e;Jk; ,Uf;fhik ahFk;. mjhtJ njhlh;e;Jk;
murpay; hPjpapy; rpukg;gLtjhFk;.murpay; hPjpapy; rpukg;gLtjhFk;. ahuhtJ
kpfr; rpyh; MAjk; J}f;fp VjhtJ vjph;g;igf;
fhl;lyhk;. jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfs; xU
fhyj;jpy; ,ay;ghfNt ngUk; xj;Jiog;ig
jkpo; kf;fsplkpUe;J ngw;W tsh;e;j fhyKk;
,Ue;jJ. mt;thwhd rk;gtk; kPz;Lk;
FWfpa fhyj;jpy; Vw;glhJ. ,Ug;gpDk;
15-20 Mz;LfSf;fg;ghy; vd;d elf;Fk;
vd;W $w KbahJ. tlf;F jkpo; kf;fspd;
kdepiy nfhOk;G murpd; murpay;
Kiwf;F vjpuhdjhf ,Ue;jhYk; mjid
td;Kiwg; Nghf;fpy; ntspg;gLj;j mth;fs;
jahuhf ,y;iy.
jkpo; kf;fspd; mbg;gil vjph;ghh;g;Gjkpo; kf;fspd; mbg;gil vjph;ghh;g;G
jkpo; kf;fs; kw;Wk; Vida ,dr; jkpo; kf;fs; kw;Wk; Vida ,dr;
r%fq;fspd; cz;ikahd Njit xd;whf r%fq;fspd; cz;ikahd Njit xd;whf
tho;tNj jtpu jdpahf tho;tjy;y tho;tNj jtpu jdpahf tho;tjy;y
jdpahf ,Ug;gjw;f;F murpay; mjpfhuj;ij jdpahf ,Ug;gjw;f;F murpay; mjpfhuj;ij
NfhUtjw;Fg; gjpyhf KO r%fj;jpdJk; NfhUtjw;Fg; gjpyhf KO r%fj;jpdJk;
gFjpahf ,Ug;gjw;F murpay; mjpfhuj;ij gFjpahf ,Ug;gjw;F murpay; mjpfhuj;ij
ngWtJ ,q;Nf Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. ,ay;ghf ngWtJ ,q;Nf Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. ,ay;ghf
jkJ eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F jkJ eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F
jw;NghJs;s Kiwikapy; murpay; Rje;jpuk; jw;NghJs;s Kiwikapy; murpay; Rje;jpuk;
toq;Fk; ghuJ}ukhd nfhLf;fy; thq;fNy toq;Fk; ghuJ}ukhd nfhLf;fy; thq;fNy
,d;W mth;fSf;F vQ;rpAs;sJ. murhq;fk; ,d;W mth;fSf;F vQ;rpAs;sJ. murhq;fk;
vg;NghJNk jkpo; murpaiy ghuhl;Ltjid vg;NghJNk jkpo; murpaiy ghuhl;Ltjid
tplTk; mjid fzf;nfLf;fhkypUf;Fk; tplTk; mjid fzf;nfLf;fhkypUf;Fk;
Nghf;Nf $LjyhdJ. Njrpa murpayhy; Nghf;Nf $LjyhdJ. Njrpa murpayhy;
jw;NghJ jkpo; murpay;thjpfSf;F jw;NghJ jkpo; murpay;thjpfSf;F
ve;jnthU ,lKk; xJf;fg;gl;bUg;gjhf ve;jnthU ,lKk; xJf;fg;gl;bUg;gjhf
ehd; epidf;ftpy;iy. yf;];kd; ehd; epidf;ftpy;iy. yf;];kd;
fjph;fhkUf;F fpilf;fhky; Nghd tha;g;G fjph;fhkUf;F fpilf;fhky; Nghd tha;g;G
mjhtJ gpujkuhf Kd;nry;Yk; tha;g;G mjhtJ gpujkuhf Kd;nry;Yk; tha;g;G
NtW vtUf;Fk; fpilf;Fnkd epidf;f NtW vtUf;Fk; fpilf;Fnkd epidf;f
KbahJ. mjdhy; gpuNjr murpaypy; jkJ KbahJ. mjdhy; gpuNjr murpaypy; jkJ
czh;Tfis jahh;g;gLj;Jjy; ,e;Neuj;jpy; czh;Tfis jahh;g;gLj;Jjy; ,e;Neuj;jpy;
kpfTk; nghUj;jkhdJ. kpfTk; nghUj;jkhdJ.
,e;jpaj; jiyaPL,e;jpaj; jiyaPL
,e;jpa mOj;jj;ij Muha;e;J ghh;j;jhy;
1980 jrhg;jj;ijg;Nghd;W mOj;jk;
nfhLf;ff;$ba ,aYik ,e;jpahTf;F
,y;iy. tuyhw;wpy; ,e;jpah ,dg;gpur;rid
ClhfNt 2009 ,y; Aj;jk; Xa;e;jJ.
mt;thW mOj;jk; nfhLj;jJ. me;jg;
gpur;ridapd; jhf;fk; jkJ ehl;Lf;Fk;
cs;sJ vDk; mbg;gilapNyNa mOj;jk;
nfhLj;jJ. Mdhy; jw;NghJ td;Kiw
Nkhjy; ,e;ehl;by; ,y;iy. murpay;
mfjpfspd; Gyk;ngah;T> nfhpy;yh tPuh;fspd;
gq;fspg;G fhuzkhf XusT epahakhd
chpikia mg;NghJ ngw;Wf;nfhz;lJ.
Nghh; Kbe;j clNdNa ,e;jpahtpd;
Nfhhpf;ifahf (epge;jid) mJ ,Ue;jJ.
mjpfhug; gfph;it chpathW tpiuTgLj;j
Ntz;Lk; vd;gNjahFk;. ehd;F tUlq;fs;
fle;Jk; mJ epiwNtw;wg;gltpy;iy.
Kd;dh; $wpa mjpfhuj;ij ,yq;ifkPJ
gpuNahfpf;Fk; ,aYik jw;NghJ
,e;jpahTf;F ,y;iy. n[dPthtpy;
,e;jpahtpd; FuYk;> nghJeytha
khehl;Lf;F tuhkypUg;gJk; jw;fhypf
gpur;ridfshFk;. mjdhy; ,yq;if
,e;jpahtplk; XusT nkd;Nghf;if fhl;Lk;.
,Ug;gpDk; ,yq;ifia ghJfhg;gjw;fhf
Kd;dpw;Fk; ehLfspd; vz;zpf;if mjpfk;.
rPdh kl;Lkd;wp ,d;Dk; gy ehLfs;
cs;sd.
jkpo;ehl;by; ve;jnthU mOj;jKk;
,y;iynad;W ehd; epidf;ftpy;iy.
,Ug;gpDk; mJ gykhdjy;y. jkJ
cs;ehl;L murpay; Nghf;if rh;tNjr
murpaypy; mUfpYs;s ehLfSlDs;s
el;Gwit rPh;Fiyf;ff;$basTf;F ,e;jpah
Kl;lhs; my;y. ,e;jpahTf;F Kd;dhy;
ehk; gytPdkhdth;fnsd epidj;jhYk;
vk;ik tplTk;> mth;fSf;F vk;ik
24 C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013r kh jh d Neh f; F
jkpo; Gyk;ngah;e;Njhh;
jdpahd <o muRf;fhf
Ntiy nra;tJ jw;Nghija
murpay; ajhh;j;jj;Jf;F
KuzhdjhFk;.
mt;thW$Wk; jkpo;
Gyk;ngah;e;Njhhpd;
mDruiziaNah>
ey;nyz;zj;ijNah
ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf;$ba
Mf;fG+h;tkhd nraw;jpl;lk;
vJTk; murplkpy;iy.
mth;fsJ murpay;
fUj;Jf;fis mth;fs;
Gwk;ghf itj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;F
,lkspj;J mth;fsJ
gq;fspg;ig ntw;wpf;nfhs;tJ
njhlh;gpy; ehk; rpe;jpj;Jg;
ghh;f;f Ntz;Lk;. ,q;Nf
Gyk;ngah;e;Njhiu tplTk;
Kf;fpakhdJ jkpo; murpay;
jiyth;fNs vd;gjid
ePq;fs; kwe;J tplf;$lhJ.
Njitg;gLfpwJ. vhpnghUs;> thfd
tpw;gid cl;gl gy Jiwfspy; ,e;jpahTf;F
,yq;if re;ij Kf;fpakhdJ.
,yq;if gy;NtW mOj;jq;fisf;
nfhLj;jhYk; thfd Vw;Wkjp
Nghd;wtw;Wf;F ,g;NghJk; ,yq;if
,e;jpahTf;F rpwe;j th;j;jf $l;lhspahFk;.
1980 jrhg;j;jj;jpy; nfhOk;G by;ypapy;
jq;fp tho;e;jJ. jw;NghJ nfhOk;gpd;
khw;wj;jpd; Clhf by;yp cUthf;fg;gLfpwJ.
(,yq;if njhlh;ghd gpur;ridapy;)
,uz;lhtJ jkpo;ehl;bd; murpaiy rpwg;ghf jkpo;ehl;bd; murpaiy rpwg;ghf
ifahSk; fiyapy; by;yp ifNjh;e;Js;sJ. ifahSk; fiyapy; by;yp ifNjh;e;Js;sJ.
mjd; ntsptptfhu mikr;rhpd; mjd; ntsptptfhu mikr;rhpd;
,yq;iff;F vjpuhd fLk; Ngr;Rf;fs; ,yq;iff;F vjpuhd fLk; Ngr;Rf;fs;
Nghd;wtw;why; vg;NghJk; by;yp jkpo; Nghd;wtw;why; vg;NghJk; by;yp jkpo;
ehl;il jpUg;jpg;gLj;JfpwJ. jw;f;fhypfkhf ehl;il jpUg;jpg;gLj;JfpwJ. jw;f;fhypfkhf
re;Njhrg;gLj;JfpwJ. rptrq;fh; Nkdd; re;Njhrg;gLj;JfpwJ. rptrq;fh; Nkdd;
Nghd;w ,e;jpa MNyhrfh;fs; ,yq;iff;F Nghd;w ,e;jpa MNyhrfh;fs; ,yq;iff;F
te;J> ,yq;if gpur;ridf;F ,e;ehl;bYs;s te;J> ,yq;if gpur;ridf;F ,e;ehl;bYs;s
epyikf;Nfw;g jPh;T fhz Ntz;Lnkd epyikf;Nfw;g jPh;T fhz Ntz;Lnkd
$Wthh;fs;. ajhh;j;jKk; mJNt. $Wthh;fs;. ajhh;j;jKk; mJNt.
ghuhSkd;wj; njhpTf;FOghuhSkd;wj; njhpTf;FO
tuyhw;wpy; epakpf;fg;gl;l FOf;fisg;
ghh;f;Fk;NghJ ghuhSkd;wj; njhpT
FOthdJ kpfTk; tpidjpwdhdjhFk;.
Kd;ida FOf;fspy; gy;NtW
fUj;Jf;fisf; nfhz;Ls;s gy;NtW
egh;fs; ,Ue;jhh;fs;. jw;NghJ
murhq;fj;jpy; xNu Kiwapy; rpe;jpf;Fk;
xNukhjphpahd tpUg;gj;ij nfhz;l
FOnthd;W ,Uf;fpwJ. FOntd;w hPjpapy;
gd;ikj;Jtj;Jf;F ,lkspj;jy; vd;gJ
,y;yhkw;NghFk; ,lkhf cs;sJ.
jkpoh;fs; cl;gl Mapuf;fzf;fhd
kf;fs; td;Kiwf;Fg; gypahdhh;fs;.
ehDk; ,e;j Nrjj;Jf;Fs;shd
r%fj;jpd; cWg;gpduhNtd;. kVjhtJ
tUj;jk; njhptpg;gjhapd; kWgf;fj;jpy;
vg;NghJk; tha;g;G Vw;gLk; rhj;jpaq;fs;
$LjyhdJ. vkJ ,aYikf;Nfw;g
Nkhjypy; <Lgl;l jug;gpdhpilNa
cz;ikahd ey;ypzf;fj;Jf;fhf XusT
gq;fspg;G toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjdhy;
jhd; jkpo; gpui[ vd;w hPjpapy; KO
kf;fsplk; kd;dpg;Gf; NfhUtjhf LLRC
Mizf;FOtpd; Kd;dpiyapy; $wpNdd;.
jkpo; Gyk;ngah;e;Njhh; jdpahd <o
muRf;fhf Ntiy nra;tJ jw;Nghija
murpay; ajhh;j;jj;Jf;F KuzhdjhFk;.
mt;thW$Wk; jkpo; Gyk;ngah;e;Njhhpd;
mDruiziaNah> ey;nyz;zj;ijNah
ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf;$ba Mf;fG+h;tkhd
nraw;jpl;lk; vJTk; murplkpy;iy.
mth;fsJ murpay; fUj;Jf;fis mth;fs;
Gwk;ghf itj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;F ,lkspj;J
mth;fsJ gq;fspg;ig ntw;wpf;nfhs;tJ
njhlh;gpy; ehk; rpe;jpj;Jg; ghh;f;f Ntz;Lk;.
,q;Nf Gyk;ngah;e;Njhiu tplTk;
Kf;fpakhdJ jkpo; murpay; jiyth;fNs
vd;gjid ePq;fs; kwe;J tplf;$lhJ.
mth;fsJ xj;jpirT ,y;yhky;
Gyk;ngah;e;Njhh; jiyaPL nra;a KbahJ.
mjw;fika jw;NghJs;s njhlh;ig
itj;Jf;nfhs;sf;$lhnjd;W ehd;
ghh;f;ftpy;iy.
Nghh;epytpaNghJ rkhjhdj;Jf;fhf Nghh;epytpaNghJ rkhjhdj;Jf;fhf
jkpoPo tpLjiyg; GypfSf;F jkpoPo tpLjiyg; GypfSf;F
fpilj;j tha;g;Gf;fis jtwtpl;lJ fpilj;j tha;g;Gf;fis jtwtpl;lJ
mth;fSf;Nfw;gl;l jtwhFk;. ve;jnthU mth;fSf;Nfw;gl;l jtwhFk;. ve;jnthU
MAjNke;jpa eghpDs;Sk; mjw;Nf MAjNke;jpa eghpDs;Sk; mjw;Nf
chpj;jhd tiuaiw cs;sJ. vdJ chpj;jhd tiuaiw cs;sJ. vdJ
GhpjYf;fika ,yq;ifapy; jdpehnlhd;iw GhpjYf;fika ,yq;ifapy; jdpehnlhd;iw
cUthf;Ftjw;f;F rh;tNjr hPjpapy; cUthf;Ftjw;f;F rh;tNjr hPjpapy;
ve;jnthU mDruizAk; fpilf;fhJ. rpy ve;jnthU mDruizAk; fpilf;fhJ. rpy
re;jh;g;gthj jiyaPLfs; ,Ue;jNghjpYk; re;jh;g;gthj jiyaPLfs; ,Ue;jNghjpYk;
mtw;iw cj;jpNahfG+h;tkhd mtw;iw cj;jpNahfG+h;tkhd
jdpehl;Lf;fhd jiyaPlhf ghh;f;ff;$lhJ. jdpehl;Lf;fhd jiyaPlhf ghh;f;ff;$lhJ.
2002 Mz;by; rk];b Kiwf;fhd
tha;g;G njhlh;gpy; mf;fiw vLf;ff;$ba
rpwe;j tha;g;G fpilj;jJ. ,Ug;gpDk; mJ
if eOtp tpl;lJ. rpq;fs r%fj;ij tplTk;
jkpo; r%fj;jpdh; mjpfkhd jtWfis
tpl;ljhfNt ehd; epidf;fpNwd;. mJ jkpo;
murpaypd; Xh; ikag; gFjpahFk;. vg;NghJk;
jtWfs; Vw;gLfpd;wd.
13,w;f;F mg;ghy; nrd;w mjpfhug;
gfph;it ngWtjw;fhf rpWghd;ik
,df; fl;rpfspilNa xUq;fpizg;ig
cUthf;Fk; Kaw;rpfs; vJTkpy;iy.
Muk;gj;jpypUe;Nj K];ypk; fhq;fpu];
Nghd;w fl;rpfs; gpd;gw;wpa nfhs;iff;fika
cs;ehl;L Njitg;ghLfSld; ,ize;jjhf
nfhOk;Gld; kpfTk; neUf;fkhd cwT
fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;lJ. ,Ug;gpDk; ,J jkpo;
murpay;thjpfSf;Fg; gof;fkpy;iy.
NtW khw;W murpay; je;jpNuhghaq;fis
(Strategy) tplTk; mJNghd;w $l;likg;G
njhlh;ghf ehk; Muha;r;rp nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
25C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013 r kh jh d Neh f; F
jp];] [ajpyf;f epiwNtw;Wg; gzpg;ghsu; If;fpa mnkupf;f ,yq;if /Gy;gpiul; Mizf;FO
ntspAwTf; nfhs;if> n[dPth gpNuuiz kw;Wk; ehl;bd; vjpu;fhyk;
Phot
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2009 Mk; Mz;L
n[dPthtpd; If;fpa
ehLfspd; kdpj cupikfs;
Nguitapy; ,yq;if Kd;
itj;j njhiy Nehf;fw;w
'ntw;wpfukhd gpNuuiz"
vd mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l
re;ju;g;gj;jpy;
ntspehl;likr;ruhf
vkJ yf;\;kd; fjpu;fhku;
,Ue;jpUe;jhy; Fwpj;j
gpNuuiiz ntsptuhky;
,Ue;jpUf;Fk;.
mtuJ $upa mwpT
,yq;ifia vkJ vjpupfs;
mtu;fsJ rhjfj;jpw;F
fhuzkhaikAk;
tifapy; #o;r;rpfspy;
rpf;f itg;gjpypUe;J
jLj;jpUf;Fk;.
jpU. yf;\;kd; fjpu;fhku;
gyiuAk; Nrhfj;jpy; Mo;j;jptpl;L kuzj;ijj; jOtpa yf;\;kd; fjpu;fhku; mtu;fspdhy;
Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;l ,yq;ifapd; ntspehl;Lf; nfhs;ifapd; ntw;wpfs; njhlu;ghd epidTfs;
vd; kdjpy; kq;fhJ fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
2009 Mk; Mz;L n[dPthtpd; If;fpa ehLfspd; kdpj cupikfs; Nguitapy;
,yq;if Kd; itj;j njhiy Nehf;fw;w J}u rpe;jidaw;w 'ntw;wpfukhd gpNuuiz"
vd mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l re;ju;g;gj;jpy; ntspehl;likr;ruhf vkJ yf;\;kd; fjpu;fhku;
,Ue;jpUe;jhy; Fwpj;j gpNuuiiz ntsptuhky; ,Ue;jpUf;Fk; mtuJ $upa mwpT
,yq;ifia vkJ vjpupfs; mtu;fsJ rhjfj;jpw;F fhuzkhaikAk; tifapy; #o;r;rpfspy;
rpf;f itg;gjpypUe;J jLj;jpUf;Fk;. 1984 kw;Wk; 1987 Mk; Mz;Lfspy; n[dPth
$l;lj;njhlupy; fye;Jnfhz;l ,yq;ifapd; gpujpepjpfs; 'jkJ je;jpNuhgha uPjpahd
kw;Wk; njhopy;rhu; murpay; uh[je;jpu mwpitg; gad;gLj;jp vjpuhd gpNuuizfis
nkd;ikahdjhf khw;wpdhu;fs;. 1987 Kjy; 2000 Mk; Mz;L tiu kdpj cupikfs;
Mizf;FO kw;Wk; kdpj cupikfs; Nguit vd;gtw;wpd; tpthjq;fspy; ,yq;if
njhlu;ghf Fwpg;gplg;gl;l NghJk; ve;jnthU mikg;Gk; ekf;nfjpuhf ve;jtpj gpNuuizAk;
mq;fPfupf;ftpy;iy. ehk; ,q;F 1987 Mk; Mz;bd; ,yq;if - ,e;jpa xg;ge;jj;jpd; gpd;du;
,e;jpahtplkpUe;J vkf;Ff; fpilf;fg;ngw;w murpay; uh[je;jpu cjtpiag; Nghw;w Ntz;Lk;.
Mdhy;> 2009 ,y; vd;d ele;jJ?
'vjpupilahd xU gpNuuizapid kpfTk; nkd;ikahd xU gpNuuizahf
khw;Wtjw;F 'mikjpahd murpay; je;jpuj; jpwikapidg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;Fg; gjpyhf
ehk; vkJ midj;J gyj;jpidAk; gad;gLj;jp vjpuhd xU gpNuuiziar; rku;g;gpj;Njhk;.
26 C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013r kh jh d Neh f; F
mq;F tpku;rfu;fspdhy; ntw;wpfukhd
xU gpNuuiz vdg; ngau; #l;lg;gl;l
mg;gpNuuiz I.eh.k.c. Nguitapy;
gpupf;fg;gl;l xU thf;nfLg;G %yk; (Mjuthf
29 ehLfSk; vjpuhf 12 ehLfSk; 06
ehLfs; thf;fspf;fhkYk; ,Ue;jd)
epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ. vkJ murpayikg;Gr;
rl;lj;jpy; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;s 13tJ
jpUj;jj;ij eilKiwg;gLj;jk;
thf;FWjpaAk; mu;j;jKs;s tpjkhf
,t; ntw;wpfukhd gpNuuizapy;
'cs;slf;fg;gl;lJ. 2009 Mk; Mz;bd; ,t;
ntw;wpfukhd gpNuuizapd;" cs;slf;fk;
2012 Mk; kw;Wk; 2013 Mk; Mz;Lfspy;
I.eh.k.c. Nguitapdhy; vkf;nfjpuhf
epiwNtw;wg;gl;l gpNuuizfspy;
ngUk;ghYk; kPz;Lk; jhz;ltkhlj;
njhlq;fpAs;sJ.
Muk;g fhyq;fspy; top jtwpr;
nrd;wikahy; ,yq;ifg; NghuhspfSf;F
toq;fpa cjtpfisg; Gwf;fzpj;Jtpl;L
,e;jpah kl;LNk midj;J
ty;yuRfSf;fpilapYk; Muk;gj;jpypUe;Nj
,yq;ifapy; jdp ehL cUthf;Ftjw;F
epge;jidapd;wp vjpu;g;igj; njuptpj;Js;sJ.
Kf;fpakhd ,g; gpur;rpid njhlu;ghf
jw;NghJ ,e;jpahtpw;F ,uz;lhtJ
rpe;jidnahd;W ,Ug;gjhfj; Njhd;WfpwJ.
2009 Mk; Mz;Lf;Fg; gpd; ehk;
vjpu;Nehf;fpAs;s Nguoptpw;F fhuzk; If;fpa
mnkupf;fh> fdlh> gpupj;jhdpah> ,e;jpah {
jkpo;ehL my;yJ NtW ehLfsh? Vida
ntsp egu;fsh ? my;yJ Aj;jj;jpw;Fg;
gpd;duhd Mz;Lfspy; Mrpahtpd; mw;Gjk;
fhuzkhf Vw;gl;Ls;s mghf;fpak; epiwe;j
epiyikf;fhd fhuzk; vkf;F vjpu;g;Gj;
njuptpf;fpd;w ntspegu;fspd; cWjpaw;w
nfhs;iffsh? mt;thwpy;yhtpl;lhy; vkJ
nfhba vjpup ehNk vd;W ,yq;ifapd;
cWjpaw;w nfhs;iffs; cs;ehl;bYk;
ru;tNjr uPjpapYk; vkf;F jPq;F
tpistpj;Js;sJ vdf; $WtJ rupad;Nwh?
ehl;by; eilKiwapYs;s
rl;lq;fSf;fikaTk; vkJ murpayikg;Gr;
rl;l xOq;F tpjpfspd; fPOk; vkJ
murhq;fk; vkJ ehl;L gpui[fis rkkhf
kjpf;fpd;wJ vd Neu;ikahf vk;khy; $w
KbAkh? rl;lj;jpd; Kd; ehk; midtUk;
rkkhdtu;fsh? mt;thwpy;yhtpbd;
rpyu; 'kw;wtu;fis tpl rkkhdtu;fsh
? ,yq;if murhq;fk; ,dq;fisAk;
kjq;fisAk; fUj;jpw;nfhs;shJ midj;J
,yq;ifg; gpui[fisAk; xNu tpjkhff;
fUJfpwJ vd vk;khy; Neu;ikahff; $w
KbAkh? vkJ murpayikg;Gr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo;
vkJ midj;J rkaq;fSf;Fk; rk me;j];J
fpilf;fg; ngWfpwjh? ,yq;ifauhd ehk;
vkJ fz;fspYs;s njd;dk; guhiyiag;
ghu;g;gjw;Fg; gjpyhf kw;wtu;fspd;
fz;fspYs;s Njq;fha;j; JUk;igg;
ghu;g;gjpy; jpwikrhypfs; vd;gJ njupfpwJ!
ehk; vkJ ru;tNjrg; gq;fhspfSf;Fk;
rfhf;fSf;Fk; ek; ehl;L kf;fSf;Fk; xU
re;ju;g;gj;jpy; thf;FWjpaspg;gJ kw;nwhU
re;ju;g;gj;jpy; mtw;iw kPWtjw;fhf
kl;LNk. tpNrlkhf> rpwpa ehl;bd;
cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; ntspehl;Lf; nfhs;iff;F
mt;thwhd xU Neu;ikaw;w jd;ikapD}
lhfTk; Vkhw;WtjpD}lhfTk; mopahJ
epiyj;jpUf;f KbAkh?
ntspehLfs; vkJ ehl;bd; Njrpa ntspehLfs; vkJ ehl;bd; Njrpa
,iwikf;F kjpg;gspg;gjpy;iynadTk;> ,iwikf;F kjpg;gspg;gjpy;iynadTk;>
cs;ehl;L tptfhuq;fspy; jiyaplhj cs;ehl;L tptfhuq;fspy; jiyaplhj
nfhs;ifapid rpy ehLfs; nfhs;ifapid rpy ehLfs;
filg;gpbg;gjpy;iy vdTk;> muir> filg;gpbg;gjpy;iy vdTk;> muir>
ghJfhf;fpd;wtu;fs; $f;FuypLfpd;wdu;. ghJfhf;fpd;wtu;fs; $f;FuypLfpd;wdu;.
,iwik kw;Wk; ehLfspd; cs; ,iwik kw;Wk; ehLfspd; cs;
tptfhuq;fspy; jiyaplhikahdJ tptfhuq;fspy; jiyaplhikahdJ
cz;ikapy; If;fpa ehLfspd; rkthaj;jpy; cz;ikapy; If;fpa ehLfspd; rkthaj;jpy;
fhzg;gLfpd;w kpf Kf;fpakhd fhzg;gLfpd;w kpf Kf;fpakhd
Nfhl;ghLfshFk;. vt;thwhapDk; Nfhl;ghLfshFk;. vt;thwhapDk;
,iwikahdJ Kd;G vt;thW ,Ue;j ,iwikahdJ Kd;G vt;thW ,Ue;j
NghJk; mJ njhlu;e;Jk; vjpu;ghuhj NghJk; mJ njhlu;e;Jk; vjpu;ghuhj
(KOikahd) xU ngWkjpapidf; (KOikahd) xU ngWkjpapidf;
nfhz;ljy;y. ,iwik vd;gJ kf;fNs nfhz;ljy;y. ,iwik vd;gJ kf;fNs
md;wp muR my;y. ,J vg;NghJk; kdjpw; md;wp muR my;y. ,J vg;NghJk; kdjpw;
nfhs;s Ntz;ba gpujhd xU tplakhFk;. nfhs;s Ntz;ba gpujhd xU tplakhFk;.
2009 Nk khjk; njhlf;fk; vkJ
tiuaWf;fg;gl;l nraw;ghL kw;Wk;
nraw;ghbd;ik vd;gd %yk;
ey;ypzf;fj;jpw;fhd vkJ Kaw;rpfs;
nefpo;Tj; jd;ikAila kdg;ghq;fpidNa
ehk; fhl;bAs;Nshk; vd;gJ njspthfpwJ.
MfNt> ehk; vkJ ez;gu;fspdJk;
vjpupfspdJk; xNu tpjkhd vjpu;g;gpid
tutioj;Js;Nshk;. jkpo; ehl;by;
,yq;iff;Fk; ,yq;if kf;fSf;Fk;
vjpuhf ,d;W Vw;gl;Ls;s vjpu;g;Gfs;
Muk;gkhtjw;F gy Mz;LfSf;F Kd;du;
,yq;if ,e;ehl;bd; mjpfhug; gfpu;T
gpur;rpidAld; jPq;fhd xU tpisahl;by;
<Lgl;bUe;jJ. ,e;j ehl;Lg; gpui[fshd
ehk; mwpe;J itj;Js;sthW ,yq;ifapd;
jw;Nghija murhq;fj;jpd; Kf;fpakhd
vkJ murpayikg;Gr;
rl;lj;jpy; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;s
13tJ jpUj;jj;ij
eilKiwg;gLj;jk;
thf;FWjpaAk;
mu;j;jKs;s tpjkhf ,t;
ntw;wpfukhd gpNuuizapy;
'cs;slf;fg;gl;lJ.
2009 Mk; Mz;bd;
,t; ntw;wpfukhd
gpNuuizapd;" cs;slf;fk;
2012 Mk; kw;Wk; 2013 Mk;
Mz;Lfspy; I.eh.k.c.
Nguitapdhy; vkf;nfjpuhf
epiwNtw;wg;gl;l
gpNuuizfspy; ngUk;ghYk;
kPz;Lk; jhz;ltkhlj;
njhlq;fpAs;sJ.
27C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013 r kh jh d Neh f; F
,e;jpah kl;LNk midj;J
ty;yuRfSf;fpilapYk;
Muk;gj;jpypUe;Nj
,yq;ifapy; jdp
ehL cUthf;Ftjw;F
epge;jidapd;wp vjpu;g;igj;
njuptpj;Js;sJ.
Kf;fpakhd ,g; gpur;rpid
njhlu;ghf jw;NghJ
,e;jpahtpw;F ,uz;lhtJ
rpe;jidnahd;W
,Ug;gjhfj; Njhd;WfpwJ.
Xu; cWg;gpdu; 13 MtJ murpayikg;Gj;
jpUj;jj;jpid mKy;gLj;Jtjpy; jhf;fj;ij
Vw;gLj;jtpy;iy.
Gdu;tho;Tk; Gdu; epu;khzKk;
njhlu;ghd Jiwfspy; ,yq;if vt;thwhd
xU Kd;Ndw;wj;ij va;jpAs;sJ?
,q;F tif $wy; kw;Wk; ey;ypzf;fk;
vd;gtw;iw xd;whf fyj;jy; gadw;wJ
Nghd;Nw Gdu;epu;khdk; Gdu;tho;T
vd;gtw;iw xd;whff; fyj;jYk;
gadw;wJ vd ehd; vz;ZfpNwd;.
,Wjpf; fzpg;gPl;bd; gb Gdu; epu;khzk;>
Gdu;tho;T> tif $wy; kw;Wk;
ey;ypzf;fk; vd;gd cz;ikapy;
xd;Nwhnlhd;W ,ize;jitahFk;.
re;Njfkpd;wp ,j; ehd;F nraw;ghLfspYk;
tif $wy; vd;gNj cw;rhfkpof;ff;
$baJk; rthy;kpf;fJkhd nraw;ghlhFk;.
tif $wiy Nehf;Fkplj;J cs;ehl;L
kw;Wk; ntspehl;Lf;F tpku;rfu;fs; ,yq;if
njhlu;ghf rkepiyaw;w tpjj;jpy; fhY}
d;wpapUg;gjhf ehd; fUJfpd;Nwd;.
,we;jfhyj; jtWfspypUe;J cUthFk;
Fopfisj; jtpu;j;Jf;nfhs;tjw;F
vkf;F cjtp GupAk; re;ju;g;gj;ij
Vw;gLj;jpf;nfhs;tij tpLj;J vk;ik
mjw;Fs; rpiwg;gLj;jp tplf; $lhJ.
khDl kw;Wk; nrad;Kiw Mfpa
,U tifapdJk; fhuzq;fspdhy;
Gdu; epu;khzk; ,yq;if njhlu;ghf
Kd;Dupik tfpf;fpwJ. Aj;jj;jpdhy;
moptile;j tlf;F kw;Wk; fpof;F
khfhzq;fspy; kpfTk; mtrukhd
kPz;Lk; fl;bnaOg;Gjy; tYf;fl;lhakhf
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;banjhd;whFk;. ,r;
nraw;ghl;bd; NghJ gpuNjrj;ijr; Nru;e;j
kf;fSk; mtu;fspypUe;J njupT nra;ag;gl;l
gpujpepjpfSk; me; eltbf;iffis
Nkw;nfhs;tJ kpfg; nghUj;jkhFk;.
,e;Nehf;fj;ij mile;J nfhs;tjw;fhf
tlkhfhz rigj; Nju;jiy elhj;Jtjw;F
jpl;lkpl;L mJ gw;wp mwptpf;fg;gl;lik
rupahd jpiria Nehf;fp Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l
xU efu;thFk;. ,j; Nju;jy; Rje;jpukhdJk;
epahakhdJkhd xU Nju;jyhf
mikAnkd ehk; vjpu;ghu;f;fpd;Nwhk;.
Gdu;tho;T Kd;dzpapy; gy
tplaq;fis mile;J nfhs;s KbAkhf
,Ue;j NghjpYk; NkYk; gy tplaq;fis
epiwNtw;w Ntz;bAs;sJ. epyf;fd;dp
ntbfis mfw;Wjy;> vy;uPuP< rpWtu;
giltPuu;fSf;fhd ftdpg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk;
re;Njfj;jpd; Ngupy; ifJ nra;ag;gl;Ls;s
vy;uPuP< cWg;gpdu;fs; rpyiu tpLjiy
nra;jy; vd;gd tuNtw;fg;gl Ntz;ba
eltbf;iffs; MFk;. vd;gJld;
,Jtiuapy; murhq;fk; Nkw;nfhz;Ls;s
eltbf;iffs; ghuhl;lg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
cz;ikapNyNa fbdkhdhYk; $l
Kd;dhy; rpNu\;l vy;uPuP< cWg;gpdu;fSs;
rpyiu ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd; epWj;JtJ
njhlu;ghf cupa eltbf;iffis
Nkw;nfhs;s nrayhw;Wjy; Ntz;Lk;.
Aj;juk; Kbtile;J ehd;F Mz;Lfs;
fle;j NghJk; fhzhkw; Nghdjhf my;yJ
,we;J Nghdjhf ek;gg;gLk; egu;fis
,Jtiu vk;khy; milahsq; fhz
KbahJs;sJ. ,J ehk; ,aYkhd tiu
NtfkhfTk; kdpjhgpkhd uPjpahfTk;
eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba kpf
Kf;fpakhd xU JiwahFk;. ,jd;
%yk; mtu;fsJ fpl;ba cwtpdu;fis
mtu;fs; ,oe;j czu;tpid
,y;yhnjhopf;ff;$bajhapUf;Fk;. ehk;
xd;wpy; ifJ nra;ag;gl;Ls;s re;Njf
egu;fSf;F vjpuhf murhq;fj;jpw;nfjpuhfr;
nraw;gl;l Fw;wj;jpd; fPo; Fw;wr;rhl;L
tpjpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. my;yJ
rpiwapLtjw;Fg; Nghjpa rhl;rpfs; ,y;yhj
NghJ mtu;fis tpLjiy nra;jy;
Ntz;Lk;.
Aj;jj;jpd; Nguoptpdhy; mope;J Nghd
vkJ kf;fSf;F cjtp nra;tJ gw;wp
ehk; rpe;jpg;gjhapd;> Gdu;tho;T gw;wpa
rpf;fyhd ,j;Jiw njhlu;ghf nghWg;GlDk;
jhkjkpd;wpAk; jiyapLtJ mtrpakhff;
fhzg;gLfpwJ. jkJ gps;isfSs;
rpyu; ,we;Js;shu;fsh my;yJ capu;
tho;fpd;whu;fsh vd mwpe;J nfhs;StJ
ngw;NwhuJ NjitahfTs;sJ. mtu;fsJ
fztu;fSf;Fk; kidtpau;fSf;Fk; jkJ
kidtp my;yJ fztu; ,we;Js;shuh?
my;yJ capu; tho;fpd;whuh? vd mwpa
mththfTs;sdu;. mt;thNw cwtpdu;fs;
mtu;fsJ cw;whu; cwtpdu;fs;
ez;gu;fs; MfpNahupilNa vj;jid
Ngu; capu; jg;gpAs;sdu; ? vj;jid Ngu;
kuzkile;Js;sdu; vdj; njupe;Jnfhs;sj;
Njitahf cs;sdu;.
ey;ypzf;fk; njhlu;ghd Kd;dzpapy; ey;ypzf;fk; njhlu;ghd Kd;dzpapy;
,yq;if mile;Js;s Kd;Ndw;wkhdJ ,yq;if mile;Js;s Kd;Ndw;wkhdJ
kpf ke;jkhdjhFk;. njd;wy; fhw;W kpf ke;jkhdjhFk;. njd;wy; fhw;W
jOtpf;nfhs;tJ Nghd;W Njrpa jOtpf;nfhs;tJ Nghd;W Njrpa
ey;ypzf;fj;jpid xNu ehspy; Vw;gLj;j ey;ypzf;fj;jpid xNu ehspy; Vw;gLj;j
28 C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013r kh jh d Neh f; F
jkpo; ehl;by; ,yq;iff;Fk;
,yq;if kf;fSf;Fk;
vjpuhf ,d;W Vw;gl;Ls;s
vjpu;g;Gfs; Muk;gkhtjw;F
gy Mz;LfSf;F Kd;du;
,yq;if ,e;ehl;bd; mjpfhug;
gfpu;T gpur;rpidAld;
jPq;fhd xU tpisahl;by;
<Lgl;bUe;jJ. ,e;j
ehl;Lg; gpui[fshd ehk;
mwpe;J itj;Js;sthW
,yq;ifapd; jw;Nghija
murhq;fj;jpd; Kf;fpakhd
Xu; cWg;gpdu; 13 MtJ
murpayikg;Gj; jpUj;jj;jpid
mKy;gLj;Jtjpy; jhf;fj;ij
Vw;gLj;jtpy;iy.
KbAnkd;W vtUk; vjpu;ghu;f;ftpy;iy! KbAnkd;W vtUk; vjpu;ghu;f;ftpy;iy!
MapDk; Aj;jj;jpd; Rkhu; 4 tUlq;fs; MapDk; Aj;jj;jpd; Rkhu; 4 tUlq;fs;
fle;jjd; gpd;> ey;ypzf;fj;jpw;F top fle;jjd; gpd;> ey;ypzf;fj;jpw;F top
tFf;Fk; ePz;lfhyj;jpy; Fzg;gLj;Jk; tFf;Fk; ePz;lfhyj;jpy; Fzg;gLj;Jk;
mr; nrad;Kiwapd; Jtf;fkhtJ mr; nrad;Kiwapd; Jtf;fkhtJ
Mf;f Fiwe;jJ Muk;gpf;fg;gl Mf;f Fiwe;jJ Muk;gpf;fg;gl
Ntz;bapUe;jJ. ,yq;if njhlu;ghf Ntz;bapUe;jJ. ,yq;if njhlu;ghf
vOjpAs;s ngUk;ghyhd vOj;jhsu;fs; vOjpAs;s ngUk;ghyhd vOj;jhsu;fs;
tiuaiwapd;wp Rl;bf;fhl;bAs;sjw;F tiuaiwapd;wp Rl;bf;fhl;bAs;sjw;F
Vw;g fw;w ghlq;fSk; ey;ypzf;f Vw;g fw;w ghlq;fSk; ey;ypzf;f
Mizf;FOtpd; gpujhd gupe;Jiufs; $l Mizf;FOtpd; gpujhd gupe;Jiufs; $l
,Jtiu nraw;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy. ,Jtiu nraw;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy.
MfNt n[dPthtpypUe;J Vida
,lq;fspypUe;Jk; vOfpd;w mOj;jq;fisg;
gw;wp ehk; Mr;rupag;glj; Njitapy;iy.
ey;ypzf;fj;jpw;fhf cs;ehl;by;
cUthf;fg;gl;l xU nghwpKiwia
Vw;gLj;jiy Gwf;fzpj;jikapdhNyNa
,t; mOj;jk; NknyOfpwJ. mjw;fhd
xU #j;jpuj;ij jahupj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;fhf
,yq;if ' fhyj;ijAk; mtfhrj;ijAk;"
Nfl;Lf;nfhz;lJld; mf; Nfhupf;iff;F
mq;fPfhuk; fpilf;fg;ngw;wJ. ru;tfl;rp
gpujpepjpfs; FO Nghy; md;wp fw;w
ghlq;fSk; ey;ypzf;fKk; gw;wpa
Mizf;FO rpukg;gl;L gf;fr;rhu;gw;w
gupe;Jiufisj; jahupj;jJ. jw;NghJ ,g;
gupe;Jiufis mKy;gLj;Jtjw;Fg; gjpyhf
goq;fijfspy; tUk; xyptu; l;tp];l;
Nghd;W murhq;fk; Nkyjpfkhff; Nfl;fpwJ.
gupe;Jiufis mKy;gLj;Jtjw;F Nkyjpf
'fhyj;ijAk; mtfhrj;ijAk; NfhUfpwJ.
ehk; mbg;gilthjj;jpdbg;gilapy;
nraw;gLtjw;Fk; vkJ ru;tNjr
gq;fhspfSf;F ehk; mspj;j thf;FWjpfis
epiwNtw;Wtjw;Fk; njhlu;e;Jk;
jtwpaikapd; fhuzkhf vOfpd;w
mz;ikf;fhy ntspAwTf; nfhs;if
ruptiljyhdJ vkJ ntspehl;L
cwTfspy; (mikr;ru; gPup]pd;
thrfq;fs; ,q;F NtW xU re;ju;g;gj;jpy;
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ) 'cld;ghlw;w"
fUj;J Kuz;ghL kw;Wk; td;Kiw
vd;gtw;Wf;fhd ce;Jjyhf cs;snjd
ehd; $WfpNwd;. jhkjpj;NjDk; ,t;
,Wjpf; fl;lj;jpy; $l 2009 Mk; Mz;L Nk
khj;jpd; gpd; ehk; tpOe;jpUe;j kpfg; ngUk;
uh[je;jpu mnrsfupj;jpypUe;J kPs;tjw;F
ehk; jpwik ngw;Ws;Nshk;. ,k; Kaw;rpia
xU Njrpa Kd;Dupikahff; fUj
Ntz;bAs;sJld; mJ murhq;fj;jplNkh
my;yJ murpay;thjpfsplNkh khj;jpuk;
xg;gilf;fg;gl Ntz;ba xU fhupaky;y.
ehl;bd; ntspehl;Lf; nfhs;ifAk; mjd;
cs;ehl;L nfhs;iffSk; xd;Nwhnlhd;W
,ize;jjhf fhzg;gLfpwJ.
If;fpa mnkupf;fhtpd; nrdl; rig
cWg;gpdu; ypz;l;Nr fpu`k; cWjpahf
mtjhdpj;Js;sthW 'ntspAwTf;
nfhs;ifapDs; KjyPL nra;tJ Njrpa
ghJfhg;G njhlu;ghd xU fhg;GWjpahFk;."
gpujku; rpwpkhNth gz;lhuehaf;fhtpd; gpujku; rpwpkhNth gz;lhuehaf;fhtpd;
ntspAwTf; nfhs;if Vw;gLj;jpapUe;j ntspAwTf; nfhs;if Vw;gLj;jpapUe;j
rkepiy njhlu;ghd Nfhl;ghL vkJ rkepiy njhlu;ghd Nfhl;ghL vkJ
jw;Nghija ntspehl;Lf; nfhs;ifapy; jw;Nghija ntspehl;Lf; nfhs;ifapy;
,y;yhik njspthfj; njupfpwJ. ,y;yhik njspthfj; njupfpwJ.
[dhjpgjp [atu;jd mtuJ gjtpf; [dhjpgjp [atu;jd mtuJ gjtpf;
fhyj;jpd; NghJ jdf;F Kd;dpUe;jtu; fhyj;jpd; NghJ jdf;F Kd;dpUe;jtu;
gpd;gw;wpa rkepiyahd ntspehl;Lf; gpd;gw;wpa rkepiyahd ntspehl;Lf;
nfhs;ifapypUe;J %lj;jdkhf nfhs;ifapypUe;J %lj;jdkhf
tpyfpr; nrd;whu;. njl;lj; njspthd ,t; tpyfpr; nrd;whu;. njl;lj; njspthd ,t;
,ayhikapd; fhuzkhf mtUk; mtuJ ,ayhikapd; fhuzkhf mtUk; mtuJ
murhq;fk; kl;Lkd;wp KO ,yq;ifAk; murhq;fk; kl;Lkd;wp KO ,yq;ifAk;
mjd; tpistpid vjpu;nfhz;lJ. mjd; tpistpid vjpu;nfhz;lJ.
mikr;ru; yf;\;kd; fjpu;fhku; vkJ
ntspehl;Lf; nfhs;ifapy; Fwpj;j
Nju;r;rpkpf;f rkepiyapid kPs epWtpa
NghjpYk; mtiu fz;%bj;jdkhfg;
gpd;njhlu;e;j kdpj [e;Jf;fs; 'ajhu;j;jthj"
rkepiyaw;w jd;ikf;fhf mjid
iftpl;ldu;. rkepiyahd kw;Wk; Nju;r;rp
kpf;f ntspehl;L nfhs;if njhlu;ghd
vkJ gpd;diltpdhy; cUthfpd;w ghjf
tpisTfisNa ehk; ,d;W mDgtpj;Jf;
nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwhk;. jw;Nghija vkJ
murhq;fk; rkepiyaw;w ntspehl;Lf;
nfhs;ifia njhlu;e;Jk; gpd;gw;Wtjw;;F
eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;Skhapd; 1980
fisg; Nghd;W kw;WnkhU jlit KO
,yq;ifAk; Jd;gq;fisr; re;jpf;f
NeupLk;. murhq;fq;fs; te;J Nghfyhk;.
MdhYk; ,yq;if Kd;Ndhf;fpg; gazk;
nra;a Ntz;bAs;sJ. MfNt mz;ikf;
fhykhf ,yq;if %o;fpAs;s mghafukhd
epiyikapypUe;J kPs cjTtjw;F
,yq;ifau;fshd vk; midtUf;Fk;
xU Kf;fpakhd tfpghfk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.
Njitahd NghJ vOe;J epw;gjw;F ehk;
fhl;Lk; mrke;jg; Nghf;F ,yq;ifia rpf;fy; ,yq;ifia rpf;fy;
kpf;fJk; Kuz;ghLilaJkhd xU rJg;G kpf;fJk; Kuz;ghLilaJkhd xU rJg;G
epyj;jpd;> Moj;jpw;Nf ,l;Lr; nry;tjw;F epyj;jpd;> Moj;jpw;Nf ,l;Lr; nry;tjw;F
toptFf;Fk;. ,yq;ifapd; tho;f;ifr; toptFf;Fk;. ,yq;ifapd; tho;f;ifr;
rf;fuj;jpd; 21 MtJ E}w;whz;bd; xU rf;fuj;jpd; 21 MtJ E}w;whz;bd; xU
Njrkhf khw;Wtjw;fhf nrayhw;Wtjw;fhd Njrkhf khw;Wtjw;fhf nrayhw;Wtjw;fhd
fhyk; jw;NghJ cUthfpAs;sJ. fhyk; jw;NghJ cUthfpAs;sJ.
29C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013 r kh jh d Neh f; F
nkjfk jk;kh ee;j Njuh;fz;b m];fphpa kfh tp`hiuapd; epiwNtw;Wf; FO cWg;gpdh;.
khfhzq;fSf;F mjpfhuj;ijg; gfpu;tJ gw;wpa kfhehaf;f Njuh;fsJ fUj;J ahJ?
Phot
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alan
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m];fpup kw;Wk; ky;tj;J Njuh;fs;
30 Mz;Lfhyk; vkJ jha;ehl;by; MAj gyj;ijf; nfhz;L Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;yg;gl;l
gputpidthjj;ij xopj;jik njhlh;ghf ,yq;if tho; midj;J kf;fsJk; ed;wpfs;
jw;Nghija muRf;F fpilf;f Ntz;Lnkd;gjpy; khw;Wf;fUj;J vJTk; fpilahJ. ehl;by;
epytpa gaq;futhj Aj;jj;ij KbTf;F nfhz;Ltu jw;Nghija murhq;fk; jpwik ngw;w
NghjpYk; rh;tNjr hPjpapy; nraw;gLk; gputpidthj Aj;jj;ij KbTf;Ff; nfhz;Ltu ,Jtiu
KbahJ NghAs;sJ. gy;NtW jpl;lq;fs; %yk; Gypg; gaq;futhjj;jpw;F MjuT toq;fpa
ehLfis topf;Ff; nfhz;Ltu vkJ murhq;fk; jtwpAs;sJ. me;j ehLfNs ehLfle;j jkpo;
gphptpid thjpfSf;Fk; ehl;by; cs;s jkpo; Njrpaf; $l;likg;gpd; murpay;thjpfSf;Fk;
nraw;ghl;Lg; gyj;ij toq;Ffpd;wd. jkJ Nehf;fq;fis ve;j tifapYk; iftplhjjd;
fhuzkhfNt Kjyhspj;Jt ehLfs; nghUshjhuk;> murpay;> rka kw;Wk; fyhrhuk;
vd;gtw;wpy; CLWTfpd;wdh;.
ntspg;gilahf rkhjhdj;ijg; gw;wpf; fijj;jhYk; vkJ ehl;bd; kPJ jiyapLk;
me;ehLfs; vkJ ehl;by; rkhjhdj;ij vjph;ghh;;f;ftpy;iy. rkhjhdj;jpw;Fg; gjpyhf ehl;bd;
Aj;jj;jpw;F vz;nza; thh;f;fpd;wdh;. gaq;futhjk; Kbtile;j NghJk; jkpo; kf;fspd;
mgpyhi\fis epiwNtw;wpf; nfhLg;gjw;Fk; tlkhfhz rigia mikg;gjw;F vkJ
murhq;fj;jpid tw;GWj;Jtjw;Ff; fhuzk; me; Nehf;fj;ij mile;J nfhs;tjw;fhFk;.
rpq;fs> jkpo;> kw;Wk; gwq;fpau; vd midtiuAk; xd;wpize;j ,yq;ifia
cUthf;Ffpd;w mNj Neuk; jkpo; kw;Wk; K];ypk; kf;fs; ,dhPjpahf eltbf;if
Nkw;nfhs;Sk; tifapy; rl;ltpjpfs;><ok; kw;Wk; Ral;rp chpikfs; vd;gtw;iwg; ngw;Wf;
nfhLf;Fk; Nguhl;lj;jpid Nkw;Fyf ehLfs; njhlh;e;Jk; mKy;gLj;jp tUfpd;wd. ,e;
epiyikapidg; Ghpe;J nfhz;ljdhy; jhd; rh;tNjrj;jpd; NjitfSf;F fPo;g;gba
30 C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013r kh jh d Neh f; F
Ntz;lhnkd ngsj;j Njuh;fSk; Njrg;gw;Ws;s rpq;fs kf;fSk; murhq;fj;ij
tw;GWj;Jfpd;wdh;.
,Jtiu gjtp tfpj;j murhq;fq;fis tpl [dhjpgjp kfpe;j uh[gf;\tpd; murhq;fk;
ehl;bd; xUikg;ghL njhlh;ghf Xustpw;NfDk; ehl;by; ngUk;ghd;ikapdupd; FuYf;F nrtp
rha;g;gjhfj; njhpfpwJ. MapDk; me; epiyg;ghl;bidj; njhlh;;e;Jk; Ngz KbAkh vdf; $w
KbahJ. mjw;Fg; gy fhuzq;fs; cs;sd. ehl;bd; nghUshjhuk; ntspehl;Ljtpfs; kw;Wk;
fld;fspy; jq;fpapUg;gJ KjyhtJ fhuzpahFk;. Gypg; gaq;futhjk; epytpa fhyq;fspy;
rh;tNjr vd;.[P.Xf;fspd; epjpiag; ngw;W Nghypahd ghj ahj;jpiufis Nkw;nfhz;l>
GypfSf;F Mjuthf ,Ue;j ,opthd murpay;thjpfSk; kf;fs; gyk; Fd;wpa ,lJrhhpfs;
rpyUk; murhq;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J nfhz;L [dhjpgjpapd; jiyikapyhd murhq;fj;jpw;F
neUf;fbfisf; nfhLg;gJ ,uz;lhtJ fhuzpahFk;. kfpe;j uh[gf;\ murhq;fk;
gaq;futhjj;jpw;nfjpuhf Aj;jk; Nkw;nfhz;l re;jh;g;gj;jpy; mjw;F Cf;fkspj;j rpq;fs
kf;fSf;F jPtputhj ,dthj Kj;jpiu Fj;jpa Fwpj;j FOf;fs; Aj;jk; ntw;wp nfhs;sg;gl;ljd;
gpd; kdpjhgpkhd Aj;j ntw;wpapd; gq;fhsh;fshf jk;ik milahsq; fhl;bdhh;fs;. 13 MtJ
jpUj;jj;jpw;fika vjph;fhyj;jpy; tl khfhz rig cUthf;fg;gLk; NghJ fhzp kw;Wk;
nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg;gLtjhy; Vw;gLfpd;w neUf;fbfs; gw;wpf; fijf;Fk; Njuh;fs;
Njrg;gw;Ws;s egh;fs; kw;Wk; eLepiy nraw;ghL nfhz;l Gj;jp[Ptpfs; MfpNahUf;F ,dthj
kw;Wk; jPtputhj Kj;jpiuiag; gjpg;gjw;F mth;fs; kPz;Lk; Kd;te;Js;sdh;.
ehl;by; mikjpia epiyehl;Ltjpw;F ftdQ; nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;ba tplaq;fs;
njhlh;ghf rpq;fs kw;Wk; ngsj;j r%fj;jpd; nghWg;G tha;e;j Njuh;fs; gaq;futhj
Nkhjy;fs; eilngw;w re;jh;g;gk; Kjy; fhyj;jpw;Ff; fhyk; Nkw;gb Mgj;Jf;fis Rl;bf;
fhl;bdhh;fs;. ehl;bw;F jPq;F tpistpf;Fk; xd;wpid ngsj;j Njuh;fs; cl;gl ehl;L kf;fs;
vjph;g;gjhdJ murhq;fj;jw;Nfh my;yJ xU ,dj;jpw;F tpNuhjkhd xU vjph;g;G md;wp
jha; ehl;bd; ghJfhg;gpw;fhf Nkw;nfhs;Sk; xU eltbf;ifahFk;. mjid VNjDnkhU
,dg; gphptpdUf;F vjpuhd xd;whf rpj;jhpj;Jf; fhl;LtJ xU JNuhfr; nrayhFk;. ehl;bd; ehl;bd;
xUikg;ghl;Lf;fhf ngsj;j Njuh;fs; cl;gl rpq;fsth;fs; tpLf;Fk; Fuy;fis Gwf;fzpf;Fk; xUikg;ghl;Lf;fhf ngsj;j Njuh;fs; cl;gl rpq;fsth;fs; tpLf;Fk; Fuy;fis Gwf;fzpf;Fk;
xU jd;ik fle;j fhyq;fs; G+uhf vkJ Ml;rpahsh;fsplk; fhzg;gl;lJ. jw;Nghija xU jd;ik fle;j fhyq;fs; G+uhf vkJ Ml;rpahsh;fsplk; fhzg;gl;lJ. jw;Nghija
Ml;rpapd; fPo; mJ Xustpw;NfDk; khw;wkile;jpUf;fpwJ. Ml;rpapd; fPo; mJ Xustpw;NfDk; khw;wkile;jpUf;fpwJ.
jpU. N[.Mh; [ath;jd mth;fspd; murhq;fk; 1984 y; Ie;J jkpo; ,af;fq;fis khj;jpuk;
,izj;Jf;nfhz;L tl;lNkir khehl;il Muk;gpj;jJ. rpq;fs kf;fis Xuq;fl;LtJ
epahakw;wJ vd rl;bf; fhl;bajd; gpd;Ng rpq;fs ,af;fq;fSf;Fk; vkJ kfhehaf;f
Njuh;fSf;Fk; mjpy; gq;Fgw;w re;jh;g;gk; toq;fg;gl;lJ. 1987y; xUjiyg;gll;rkhfNt ,e;jpa
,yq;if xg;ge;jk; ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;lJ. MfNt> mJ ghhpa moptpw;Ff; fhuzkhaike;jJ.
ntsprf;jpfs; jkJ NjitfSf;Nfw;g vkJ ehl;bd; vjph;fhyk; njhlh;ghf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; vkJ ehl;bd; vjph;fhyk; njhlh;ghf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;
jPh;khdq;fSf;F eLepiyf; nfhs;iffisAila rpq;fs> jkpo;> K];ypk; Mfpa ve;jnthU jPh;khdq;fSf;F eLepiyf; nfhs;iffisAila rpq;fs> jkpo;> K];ypk; Mfpa ve;jnthU
FOTk; mDkjp toq;fg; Nghtjpy;iy. gjtpNkhfk; gpbj;j FWfpa Nehf;fKilath;fs; FOTk; mDkjp toq;fg; Nghtjpy;iy. gjtpNkhfk; gpbj;j FWfpa Nehf;fKilath;fs;
khj;jpuNk mjid tpUk;Gthh;fs;. ,Jjhd; tuyhW G+uhfTk; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ. khj;jpuNk mjid tpUk;Gthh;fs;. ,Jjhd; tuyhW G+uhfTk; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ.
ngsj;j Njuh;fspd; fUj;Jf;fisg; Gwe;js;sp tpl;L 1995 Mf]; khjk; 03 Mk; jpfjp
mg;Nghija [dhjpgjp mjpfhug; gfph;T njhlh;ghd jPh;Tj; jpl;lj;ij rkh;g;gpj;jhh;. rpq;fsth;fs;
mbikfshf;f Ntz;lhk; vdTk; vjph;fhy re;jjpapdUf;Fk; xw;iwahl;rpapd; fPo;
tho;tjw;Fj; Njithad eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;sTk; vdTk; m];fphp kfhehaf;f
Njuh; md;W mJ gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpl;lhh;. “,yq;ifapd; Guhjd” Nkd;ikahd rpq;fs ngsj;j
kf;fspd; kuGhpik> %g;Gepiy kw;Wk; jdpj;Jtk; vd;gtw;iwg; ghJfhj;J Vida midj;J
,yq;ifah;fSf;Fk; epahak; fpilf;fpd;wthW rkj;Jtk; kpf;f xU ehl;ilf; fl;bnaOg;g
eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj kfhehaf;f Njuh;fspd; Ntz;LNfhshFk;.
(jptapd 1995 ngg;uthp 04) murpay; jPh;Tj; jpl;lj;ijr; rkh;g;gpg;gjw;F Kd;dh; 1995 Mk;
Mz;L [Piy 25 Mk; jpfjp Kd;dhs; [dhjpgjpf;F mDg;gp itj;j fbjj;jpy; tpNrl ftdk;
nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;ba kw;Wk; 1978 Mk; Mz;bd; murpayikg;gr; rl;lj;jpy; khw;wf; $lhj
tplaq;fs; vd;gd gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jdh;. 1 muR> 2 xw;iwahl;rp> 3 kf;fspd; ,iwik> 4
,iwikiag; gpuNahfpj;jy;> 5 Fbaurpd; Ms;Gyd;;> 6. Njrpaf; nfhb 7 Njrpa fPjk; 8> Njrpa
jpdk; Mfpad njhlh;ghd ghjf tpisTfis Vw;gLj;Jfpd;w jPh;khdq;fis Nkw;nfhs;s
Ntz;lhnkd mf; fbjj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUe;jJ.
Kd;dhs; [dhjpgjp mf; Nfhhpf;iffisf; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;shJ vt;thwhd
,Jtiu gjtp tfpj;j
murhq;fq;fis tpl
[dhjpgjp kfpe;j uh[gf;\
tpd; murhq;fk; ehl;bd;
xUikg;ghL njhlh;ghf
Xustpw;NfDk; ehl;by;
ngUk;ghd;ikapdupd;
FuYf;F nrtp rha;g;gjhfj;
njhpfpwJ. MapDk; me;
epiyg;ghl;bidj; njhlh;;e;Jk;
Ngz KbAkh vdf; $w
KbahJ.
31C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013 r kh jh d Neh f; F
13 MtJ jpUj;jj;jpw;fika
vjph;fhyj;jpy; tl khfhz rig
cUthf;fg;gLk; NghJ fhzp
kw;Wk; nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs;
toq;fg;gLtjhy; Vw;gLfpd;w
neUf;fbfs; gw;wpf; fijf;Fk;
Njuh;fs; Njrg;gw;Ws;s egh;fs;
kw;Wk; eLepiy nraw;ghL
nfhz;l Gj;jp[Ptpfs; MfpNahUf;F
,dthj kw;Wk; jPtputhj
Kj;jpiuiag; gjpg;gjw;F mth;fs;
kPz;Lk; Kd;te;Js;sdh;.
jilfs; te;jhYk; murpay; jPh;tpid toq;Ftjhff; $wpr; nraw;gl;lhh;. mj; jPh;Tj;
jpl;lk; Njhy;tpapy; Kbe;jJ. mjp tzf;fj;jpw;Fupa kfhehaf;f Njuh;fspd; fUj;jpidg;
ngwhky; 2000 Mk; Mz;L Mf];l; khjk; mth; Gjpa xU murpayikg;Gr; rl;lj;ijr;
rkh;g;gpj;J kPz;Lk; Kd;ida jtwpidg; Ghpe;jhh;. murpayikg;Gr; rl;lj;ijj; Njhw;fbf;f
njUf;fspy; nrj;J kbAk; tiu vjph;g;gpidj; njhptpg;gjhf mjp tzf;fj;jpw;Fupa m];fphp
kfhehaf;f Njuh; mth;fs; $wpdhh;. Mt; murpayikg;gpd; %yg; gpujpapy; ngsj;j
kjj;jpw;F Kd;Dhpikaspf;fg;gly; vd;w gphpTk; tpLgl;bUe;jJ. Njuh;fSf;F epiwNtw;W
mjpfhuk; ,y;iynad rpy mikr;rh;fs; md;W ntw;Wg;Ngr;Rf;fs; NgrpdhYk; Njuh;fspd;
vjph;g;gpd; Kd; cj;Njr murpayikg;G gpd;Ndhf;fpj;js;sg;gl;lJ. Muk;gj;jpy; mjw;F
Mjuthf ,Ue;j If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rp re;jh;g;gj;jpw;F Vw;g Njuh;fspd; fUj;jpid mDrhpj;J
ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; murpayikg;gpw;F jP itj;jdh;. ehl;bd; xUikg;ghL rkhjhdk; vd;w
tplaq;fspd; NghJ Njuh;fspd; fUj;jpw;F nrtprha;f;fg;gl;ly; Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj ,jd; %yk;
cWjpnra;ag;gLfpwJ.
“tlkhfhz rigf;F fhzp kw;Wk; nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg;gLtJ njhlh;ghf “tlkhfhz rigf;F fhzp kw;Wk; nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg;gLtJ njhlh;ghf
kfhehaf;f Njuh;fspdJk; ngsj;j ,af;fq;fspdJk; vjph;g;G jw;NghJ njhptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. kfhehaf;f Njuh;fspdJk; ngsj;j ,af;fq;fspdJk; vjph;g;G jw;NghJ njhptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
mjid Gwe;js;sp eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;tJ murpay; hPjpahf murhq;fj;jpw;F cfe;jjy;y. mjid Gwe;js;sp eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;tJ murpay; hPjpahf murhq;fj;jpw;F cfe;jjy;y.
murhq;fk; Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l FOf;fSf;F ,irtjh? My;yJ rptpy; r%fj;jpd; mjpfhuj;ijf; murhq;fk; Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l FOf;fSf;F ,irtjh? My;yJ rptpy; r%fj;jpd; mjpfhuj;ijf;
nfhz;Ls;s FOf;fspd; fUj;Jf;fSf;F fl;Lg;gLtjh? vdj; jPh;khdpf;f Ntz;Lk;. khfhz nfhz;Ls;s FOf;fspd; fUj;Jf;fSf;F fl;Lg;gLtjh? vdj; jPh;khdpf;f Ntz;Lk;. khfhz
rigfSf;fg; gjpyhf ,iztjw;fhd mjpfhukw;w khtl;l rigfis epWTtjd; %yk; rigfSf;fg; gjpyhf ,iztjw;fhd mjpfhukw;w khtl;l rigfis epWTtjd; %yk;
murpay; mjpfhuj;ijg; gfph;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW ,dq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L murpay; mjpfhuj;ijg; gfph;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW ,dq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L
mjpfhuk; gfpug;gly; $lhJ. md;W NghyNt ,d;Wk; kfh ehaf;f Njuh;fspd; fUj;J mjpfhuk; gfpug;gly; $lhJ. md;W NghyNt ,d;Wk; kfh ehaf;f Njuh;fspd; fUj;J
,JthFk;.,JthFk;.
1984 Mk; Mz;bd; tl;lNkirf; fye;Jiuahlypd; NghJ jkpoh;fsJ kl;Lkd;wp
midj;J ,dq;fspdJk; FiwghLfs; jPh;f;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkd;W $wg;gl;ljw;F jpU.
V. mkh;jypq;fk; jdJ fLk; vjph;g;igj; njhptpj;jhh;. mjp tzf;fj;jpw;Fupa gspg;ghd =
re;jhde;j Njuh;> kbNf gQ;QhrP` Njuh;> ty;nghy uh P̀y Njuh; MfpNahh; rpq;fsth;fSf;F
Neh;e;Js;s mePjpfisr; Rl;bf;fhl;b mth;fsJ mtyq;fis rkh;g;gpj;jdh;. jhpR epyr;
rl;lj;jpd; fPo; kiyehl;Lr; kiyehl;Lr; rpq;fsth;fSf;Fk; md;W epfo;e;j mePjpfisak; Rl;bf;
fhl;bdhh;fs;. njw;fpd; ,isQh;fs; jkf;F ,iof;fg;gl;l mePjpapd fhuzkhfNt ,uz;L
jlitfs; fpsh;e;njOe;jdh;. mit vjph;fhyj;jpy; kPz;Lk; ,lk; ngwyhk;. rkhjhdj;jpw;fhd
jPh;tpidf; fhZk; NghJ jkpo; ,dj;ijg; gw;wp jPh;tpidf; fhZk; NghJ jkpo; ,dj;ijg; gw;wp kl;Lk; rpe;jpg;gJ jtwhFk;. cyfpd; Vida
Rje;jpu FbauRfs; NghyNt ekf;Fk; RanfsutKk; Rakjpg;Gk; cs;sJ. ve;jtpjkhd xU
ntspehl;L rf;jpf;Fk; ek;ikg; gaKWj;j KbahJ. Ra khpahijAld; nrj;J kba ehq;fSk;
jahh;. Nfhioahf tho;tij tpl Aj;jj;jpy; ,we;J NghtNj Nky; vd ehaf;f Njuh;fs; Rl;bf;
fhl;bdh;.
mjd;NghJ jpU. Mkph;jypq;fk; ,e;j taJ Kjph;e;j Njuh;fs; vd;d $Wfpwhh;fs;?
vdTk; jkpo; kf;fspd; gpur;rpidfis kl;Lk; ,q;F NgRtJ NghJkhdJ vdTk; kpFe;j
Nfhgj;Jld; mjp tzf;fj;jpw;Fupa kfhehaf;fh;fisj; jpl;bdhh;. Mjw;F vjph;g;Gj; njhptpj;J
jpU. jpNd\; Fzth;jd jpU. fhkpdp <hpa nfhy;y cl;gl midj;J ngsj;jg; gpujpepjpfSk;
tl;lNkirapypUe;J ntspNawpdh;. khtl;l mgptpUj;jp rigfSf;f mur rigfs; vdg;
ngahpl;L tpUk;gpd; ,izAk; mjpfhuj;ijf; nfhz;l mjpfhuj;ijg; gfph;tjw;F If;fpa
Njrpaf; fl;rp tl;lNkirf; fye;Jiuahlypd;NghJ Nahrid njhptpj;jJ. mur rigfs; vd;gJ
ghuJ}ukhdJ. MfNt Njrpa kl;lj;jpy; gpupg;gjw;fhf cg mur rig vd;w nrhy;iy ,l;L
khtl;l mgptpUj;jp rig Kiwikapd; fPo; mjpfhuj;ijg; gfpuTk;. mtw;Wf;F toq;fg;gLk;
mjpfhuq;fs; fye;Jiuahlg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. vd;gJ tzf;fj;jpw;Fupa kfhehaf;f
Njuh;fspdhy; rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;l NahridahFk;. xw;iwahl;rpapypUe;J xU mq;Fyk;
G+kpiaf; $lj; Jz;lhb Rahl;rpf;fhf vtUf;Fk; nfhLg;gjw;F ehk; jahh; ,y;iy vd mjp
tzf;fj;jpw;Fupa kfhehaf;f Njuh;fs; cWjpahf typAWj;jpAs;sdh;. kfhehaf;fh;fs; cl;gl
ngUk;ghd;ik kf;fsJ ,d;iwa fUj;Jk; mJNt.
ehl;by; neUf;fb epiyikfs; Vw;gLtijj;jtpg;gjw;F mur jiyth;fs; mt;tg;NghJ
tzf;fj;jpw;Fupa kfhehaf;f Njuh;fisr; re;jpj;J ehl;L epiyikfs; gw;wpAk; vjph;fhyj;
jpl;lq;fs; gw;wpAk; njspT gLj;Jth;. MapDk; mr; re;jh;g;gj;jpy; mth;fs; njhptpj;j fUj;Jf;fs;
chpathW kf;fsplj;jpy; nry;ytpy;iy Rdhkp $l;bizg;G nghwpKiw vd;w ngahpy ;
32 C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013r kh jh d Neh f; F
Muk;gj;jpy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;L gpd;dh; mjd; fhurhuj;ijf; Fiwj;J Rdhkp epthuzr; rig
vd;w ngaupy; ehl;bd; tlf;F kw;Wk; fpof;F khfhzj;jpypUe;J ,uz;L kPl;lh; fhzpj;Jz;L
xd;W Njuh;fs; cl;gl ngUk;ghd;ik kf;fspd; vjph;g;gpidAk; nghUl;gLj;jhJ xJf;fpf;
nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ.
mur ghJfhg;G njhlh;ghf tlf;F fpof;F flw;gug;gpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; Rdhkpahy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;l gpuNjr ,d cs;slf;fk;> gphptpidthjpfs; gyte;jkhf gpbj;J itj;jpUe;j
G+kpapd; msT kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhf mth;fSf;F xg;gilf;fg;gl;l G+kp kw;Wk;
mjpfhuk; vd;gd gw;wp rpe;jpf;Fk; NghJ KO ehl;ilAk; Vkhw;wp Rdhkpapd; epthuz
rig vd;w ufrpa Mtzj;jpd; %yk; Kd;dhs; [dhjpgjp vkJ jha;ehl;bd; xU gFjpia
gaq;futhjpfSf;F jhiuthh;j;jij ehk; kwf;ff;$lhJ. gjtp Nkhfk; nfhz;L tPz;Ngr;R
NgRk; murpay; thjpfs; vijg; NgrpdhYk; ehl;Lf;Fk; ,dj;jpw;Fk; ngsj;j kjj;jpw;Fk; ghjpg;G
Vw;gLtij mwpe;j Njuh;fs; cl;gl rpq;fs kf;fs; vjph;f;fhyj;jpy; vw;glg;NghFk; moptpid
czh;e;jjdhy; mjw;nfjpuhf fpsu;e;njOe;jdh;.
1987 mk; Mz;bd; ,e;jpa - ,yq;if xg;ge;jj;jpd; %yk; tlf;F fpof;F khfhzq;fs;
,izf;fg;gl;likahy; jkpo; K];ypk; kf;fspilNaAk; gpsT Vw;gl;lJ. capiug; ghJfhf;f
jg;gpNahba K];ypk;fspd; fhzpfs; gaq;futhjpfspdhy; ifg;gw;wg;gly;> mth;fsJ tay;
epyq;fSf;fhf gaq;futhjpfs; fg;gk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy; vd;gd fhuzkhf K];ypk;fs;
Nfhgg;gl;ldu;. tlf;Ff; fpof;fpid jkpoh;fs; thOk; G+kpnad kl;Lk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;lit
K];ypk;fs; jkf;F ,iof;fg;gl;l mePjpahfNt fUjpdhh;fs;. tlf;Ff; fpof;F Gzh;tho;T
eltbf;iffis nghWg;Ngw;w murpay; thjpfs; jkJ jug;gpdUf;F kl;Lk; mDruiz
toq;Fjy; jkpo; kf;fspd; mjpUg;jpf;F fhuzkha; mike;jJ. ,f; Nfhgjhgq;fis
,y;yhnjhopf;f epidj;j Gypfs; ,af;fk; 1988 Mk; Mz;by; K];ypk; If;fpa kf;fs;
Kd;dzpAld; fye;Jiuahlnyhd;iw elhj;jp xU xg;ge;jj;ij nra;jdh;. jPtputhj
chpikfis Vw;Wf;nfhz;Nl mt; xg;ge;jj;jpd; gphpTfs; jahh; nra;ag;gl;ld.
rpy jPtputhj K];ypk; murpay;thjpfs; tlf;F fpof;F khfhz kf;fis rPw;wkilar; rpy jPtputhj K];ypk; murpay;thjpfs; tlf;F fpof;F khfhz kf;fis rPw;wkilar;
nra;J jkJ thf;FfSf;fhf xU mbg;gilapid rhpnra;Jnfhs;sNt ngUk;ghYk; nra;J jkJ thf;FfSf;fhf xU mbg;gilapid rhpnra;Jnfhs;sNt ngUk;ghYk;
Kaw;rpnra;jdh;. Rje;jpukhd ,j; jha;ehl;bd; midj;jpd kf;fSld; rfy tho;Tld; Kaw;rpnra;jdh;. Rje;jpukhd ,j; jha;ehl;bd; midj;jpd kf;fSld; rfy tho;Tld;
tho;tNj jkpo; K];ypk; kf;fspd; NjitahFk;. MapDk; mth;fis topelj;j gjtp tho;tNj jkpo; K];ypk; kf;fspd; NjitahFk;. MapDk; mth;fis topelj;j gjtp
Nkhfk; gilj;j murpay; thjpfs; Kaw;rpfs; Nkw;nfhs;th;. Khfhz rigfSf;fhd nghyp]; Nkhfk; gilj;j murpay; thjpfs; Kaw;rpfs; Nkw;nfhs;th;. Khfhz rigfSf;fhd nghyp];
mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg;gLkhapd; njspthfNt tlf;F fpof;F rpq;fsth;fs; vjph;fhyj;jpy; mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg;gLkhapd; njspthfNt tlf;F fpof;F rpq;fsth;fs; vjph;fhyj;jpy;
mghafukhd epiyiknahd;iw vjph;nfhs;tJ epr;rak;. Nghypahd rkhjhd xg;ge;jj;jpd; mghafukhd epiyiknahd;iw vjph;nfhs;tJ epr;rak;. Nghypahd rkhjhd xg;ge;jj;jpd;
fPo; tlf;fpy; gazk; Nkw;nfhz;l kf;fsplk; fl;lzk; mwtpl;lJ Qhgfk; cs;sJ. fPo; tlf;fpy; gazk; Nkw;nfhz;l kf;fsplk; fl;lzk; mwtpl;lJ Qhgfk; cs;sJ.
mDkjp ,d;wp mg; gpuNjrq;ffSf;F nry;y ,ayhJ NghFk;. jdp ehl;bw;F ghij tFf;Fk; mDkjp ,d;wp mg; gpuNjrq;ffSf;F nry;y ,ayhJ NghFk;. jdp ehl;bw;F ghij tFf;Fk;
neUf;fbahd epiyikfSf;F rkhjhdj;ij tpUk;Gk; midtUk; vjphg;Gj; njhptpj;jy; neUf;fbahd epiyikfSf;F rkhjhdj;ij tpUk;Gk; midtUk; vjphg;Gj; njhptpj;jy;
Ntz;Lk;. Ntz;Lk;.
tlf;F khfhz rigia mikf;Fk; nraw;ghL jw;NghJ Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. khfhz
rigapd; fPo; fhzp nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fis toq;Ftjpy; cs;s ghjpg;Gf;fs; gw;wp NghjpasT
tpsf;fq;fs; jw;NghJ rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ehL G+uhfg; fWg;gf; nfhb J}f;fp epfo;j;jg;gl;l
Nghuhl;lj;jpd; kj;jpapy; gyhj;fhukhf ifnahg;gkpl;l ,e;jpa - ,yq;if xg;ge;jj;jpd; 13 tJ
murpayikg;Gj; jpUj;jj;jpy; khfhz rig kl;LNk jw;NghJ vQ;rpAs;sJ.
tlkhfhz rigf;F fhzp nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; toq;FtJ njhlh;ghf kfhehaf;f
Njuh;fSk; ngsj;j mikg;Gf;fSk; jkJ vjph;g;gpid njhptpj;Js;sdh;. murhq;fk; mjid
Guf;fzpj;J nraw;gLtJ murpay; hPjpahf nrsfhpakhdjy;y. murhq;;fk; Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l
FOf;fSf;F ,irtjh? My;yJ rptpy; r%fj;jpd; mjpfhuj;ijf; nfhz;Ls;s FOf;fspd;
fUj;Jf;F mbgzptjh? vd KbT nra;ag;gl Ntz;bAs;sJ. khfhz rigf;Fg; gjpyhf
,izaTk; xd;wpizaTk; mjpfhukw;w khtl;l rigfis Vw;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; muR
mjpfhuj;ij gfph;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mt;thNw mjpfhu gfph;T ,dq;fis mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;L eilKiwg;gLj;jg;glf; $lhJ vd;gNj md;Wk; ,d;Wk; kfhehaf;f Njuh;fspd;
fUj;jhf mikfpd;wJ. Muk;gk; KjNy vjph;g;G njhptpj;j khfhz rig Kiwikf;Fg; gjpyhf
fpuhkpa muR my;yJ ,e;jpahtpd; gQ;rhaj;J Kiwikapd; fPo; mjpfhug; gfph;T njhlh;ghf
murhq;fk; jdJ ftdj;ijr; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;.
ed;wp : jptapd gj;jpupif ed;wp : jptapd gj;jpupif
Kd;dhs; [dhjpgjp mf;
Nfhhpf;iffisf; ftdj;jpw;
nfhs;shJ vt;thwhd
jilfs; te;jhYk; murpay;
jPh;tpid toq;Ftjhff;
$wpr; nraw;gl;lhh;.
mj; jPh;Tj; jpl;lk;
Njhy;tpapy; Kbe;jJ. mjp
tzf;fj;jpw;Fupa kfhehaf;f
Njuh;fspd; fUj;jpidg;
ngwhky; 2000 Mk; Mz;L
Mf];l; khjk; mth; Gjpa xU
murpayikg;Gr; rl;lj;ijr;
rkh;g;gpj;J kPz;Lk; Kd;ida
jtwpidg; Ghpe;jhh;.
33C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013 r kh jh d Neh f; F
cyf epiyia fUj;jpnyLj;Nj mjpfhuj;ijg; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;
khJSthNt Nrhgpj Njuh;
Photo source: http://vimeo.com
,e;jpa - ,yq;if xg;ge;jj;Jf;nfjpuhf fLk; vjph;g;igf; fhl;ba cq;fsJ epiyg;ghl;by; ,e;jpa - ,yq;if xg;ge;jj;Jf;nfjpuhf fLk; vjph;g;igf; fhl;ba cq;fsJ epiyg;ghl;by;
jw;NghJ XusT khw;wj;ijf; fhz;fpNwhk;. ,jw;Fj; jhf;fk; nrYj;jpa VJk; fhuzk; jw;NghJ XusT khw;wj;ijf; fhz;fpNwhk;. ,jw;Fj; jhf;fk; nrYj;jpa VJk; fhuzk;
cs;sjh?cs;sjh?
mf;fhyj;jpypUe;j #oypy; mjid gyte;jkhdJ vd milahsg;gLj;jpNdhk;.
kf;fSf;fhf Kd;dpw;f;Fk;NghJ mt;thwhd KiwfSf;F vjph;g;G fhl;LtJ vkJ
nghWg;ghFk;. Vnddpy; mJ ehl;bd; vjph;fhyj;Jf;F Kf;fpakhd jhf;fk; nrYj;jpaik
MFk;. ,Ug;gpDk; mJ ehl;bd; mjpAah; rl;lj;jpd; ikag;gFjpahfptpl;lJ. mjw;f;F vjpuhd
midj;J murpay; fl;rpfSk; mjpy; gq;fhsuhfp ,k;Kiwia Kd;nfhz;L nra;tjw;fhf
gq;fspg;G toq;fNtz;ba fhykpJ. mg;gbahapd; Nt&d;wpg;Nghd murpay; Kiwikiag;
gpbq;fp vwpNthnkd;W mbg;gilaw;w Kiwapy; $r;rypLtjid tplTk;> ,e;j nkhj;j
KiwapYKs;s jd;ikia tpsq;fpf;nfhz;L mjw;f;Fj; jPh;T fhz;gijNa ehk; nra;a
Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW gq;fspg;G nra;tjdhy; vkJ ehl;il Kd;nfhz;L nry;tjw;F
34 C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013r kh jh d Neh f; F
gjpd;%d;whk; jpUj;jj;ij
mfw;wptpl;lhy; kl;Lk;
,e;j murpayikg;G
kpfr;rpwe;jjhfptpLk;
vd;W epidf;fNtz;lhk;.
mjidtplTk; cldbahf
mfw;wNtz;ba
Vuhskhd gFjpfs; ,e;j
murpayikg;gpy; cs;sd.
tlf;F vkJ ehl;bd; gFjpnahd;wpy;iyah
vd rpyNtis fUjg;gLk;.
jq;fspdJk;> NtW rpyhpdJk; jq;fspdJk;> NtW rpyhpdJk;
jiyikapy; ntspaplg;gl;l murpayikg;G jiyikapy; ntspaplg;gl;l murpayikg;G
tiuG njhlh;gpy; r%fj;jpd; ftdk; tiuG njhlh;gpy; r%fj;jpd; ftdk;
<h;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,t;thwhd xd;iw <h;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,t;thwhd xd;iw
ntspapLtjw;f;F fhuzkhd ntspapLtjw;f;F fhuzkhd
Nehf;fnkd;d?Nehf;fnkd;d?
Kjypy; xd;iwf; $w Ntz;Lk;.
ngUk;ghyhNdhh; $WtJ Nghd;W kpf
mtrukhf mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lnjhd;wy;y.
,J njhlh;ghd gy;NtW fye;Jiuahly;fs;.
Kaw;rpfs; ClhfNt ,J ntspaplg;gl;lJ.
mLj;j tplak; vkJ murpay; ahg;ig
mwpKfg;gLj;jpaNghJ vt;tsT
vjph;g;Gf;fs; ,Ue;jd? ,jpYs;s rh;tjpfhu
milahsq;fSf;F md;wpypUe;J
,d;Wtiu gyh; vjph;g;G njhptpj;jhYk;
mt;thwhd vjph;g;Gfs; jtwpd;wp
Mtzg;gLj;j Kbahkw; NghdJ. ,J
mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lNghNj rpwpkhNth
gz;lhuehaf;f mk;ikahh; ,jid
vjph;j;J nghpa mOj;jk; nfhLj;jhh;.
nrhw;fspy; Ntwhd tpsf;fq;fSld;
murpay;thjpfshd nfhy;tpd;> vd;.vk;
Nghd;Nwhh; ,J njhlh;ghf fLikahd
tpkh;rdq;fis Kd;itj;jdh;. MfNt
,jw;f;F gpd;dzpapypUe;j rf;jp vd;d
vd;gJ ,jd;%yk; njspthfpwJ.
cq;fSf;F njhpe;jpUf;Fk; ,jd;
%yfh;j;jhthd V.N[. tpy;rd; mth;fs; $l
,jd; jtwhd gad;ghl;bdhy; rh;thjpfhuk;
Vw;glyhnkd gpw;fhyj;jpy; $wpdhh;.
mJkl;Lky;y mjpfhuj;Jf;F tUtjw;F
kf;fs; tpLjiy Kd;dzpapdhpd;
cjtp re;jphpf;fh mk;ikahUf;F
Njitg;gl;lJ. epiwNtw;W [dhjpgjp
Kiwia ePf;Ftjhf mth;fSf;F
fth;r;rpfukhd thf;FWjpia toq;fpdhh;.
“gpj;jyhl;lkhd murpayikg;G” vd;W
mth;jhd; $wpdhh;. 2005 kfpe;j rpe;jid>
2010 kfpe;j rpe;jid njhiyNehf;F
vDk; tpQ;Qhgdq;fspYk;> ruj;
nghd;Nrfhtpd; Njh;jy; tpQ;Qhgdj;jpYk;
epiwNtw;W [dhjpgjp Kiw mfw;wg;gl
Ntz;Lnkd $wg;gl;bUe;jJ. vdNt
mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l fle;j gy jrhg;jq;fspy;
nraw;gl;l Kiw kpfTk; gaq;fukhdJ.
mjw;fika gjtpapy; ,Uf;Fk; [dhjpgjp
ghuhSkd;wj;Jf;Nfh> ePjpkd;wj;Jf;Nfh.
murpayikg;G rigf;Nfh tifg;nghWg;Gf;
$wj; Njitapy;iy. mtUf;F vjpuhf
gq;fhsuhapUe;Njhk; vd;w Mj;k jpUg;jp
fpilf;Fk;. vthplKk; MNyhrpf;fhkNy
,J ,e;jpahTld; ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;lJ.
jw;NghJ mJ rl;lkhf cs;sJ. mjw;fika
ePz;lfhykhf mJ mKypYs;sJ.
mJkl;Lky;y jw;NghJs;s mjpfhuq;fSld;
epw;fhky; 13f;F Nkyjpfkhf mjpfhuq;fis
toq;Ftjhf xU jlit [dhjpgjp
$wpdhh;. vdNt ,g;NghJ ,J njhlh;ghf
kpfTk; tphpthfTk;. MokhfTk; rpe;jpj;Jg;
ghh;f;f Ntz;Lk;. ,f;fhyj;jpy; ghuhSkd;w
njhpTf;FOnthd;W mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,J kpf Kf;fpakhdJ. midj;J fl;rpfSk;
xd;WNrh;e;J jPh;khdk; vLg;gJ kpfTk;
Kf;fpakhdJ. 13MtJ jpUj;jk; 1978,y;
mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l murpayikg;gpd;
xU gFjpnahd;whFk;. mq;Fkpq;Fk;
cjphpg;ghfq;fis khw;Wtjidtpl Gjpa
murpay; ahg;nghd;Wf;fhf midthpdJk;
tpUg;gj;ij ngw;Wf;nfhs;tNj
jw;NghJ Kf;fpakhdJ. gjpd;%d;whk;
jpUj;jj;ij mfw;wptpl;lhy; kl;Lk; ,e;j
murpayikg;G kpfr;rpwe;jjhfptpLk; vd;W
epidf;fNtz;lhk;. mjidtplTk;
cldbahf mfw;wNtz;ba Vuhskhd
gFjpfs; ,e;j murpayikg;gpy; cs;sd.
mJ ghtidapypUe;J mfw;wg;gl;l Nkhl;lhh;
thfdj;ijg; Nghd;wJ. cjphpg;ghfq;fis
khw;wp ghtidf;F vLj;jhy;$l
ePz;lfhyk; ghtpf;fhJ eLtopapy; epw;Fk;.
vdNtjhd; gjpd;%d;whk; jpUj;jj;ijNah>
NtW jpUj;jj;ijNah> gphpTfisNah
murpayikg;gpypUe;J ePf;FtjidtplTk;>
,J gue;j kf;fs; tpthjj;jpw;Fhpa
tplankd;gNj vkJ epiyg;ghlhFk;.
,jid tlf;F Njh;jy; fhyj;jpy;
njhlq;fyhk;. ,JNghd;wnjhU Neuj;jpy;
,J kpfTk; Njitahd xd;nwdNt ehd;
epidf;fpNwd;.
tlf;F Njh;jYf;F midj;Jk; tlf;F Njh;jYf;F midj;Jk;
jahnud;gJ njhpfpwJ. ePz;lfhyj;Jf;Fg; jahnud;gJ njhpfpwJ. ePz;lfhyj;Jf;Fg;
gpd;dh; tlf;Ff;F fpilf;Fk; ,e;j gpd;dh; tlf;Ff;F fpilf;Fk; ,e;j
tha;g;igg;gw;wpa jq;fsJ fUj;J?tha;g;igg;gw;wpa jq;fsJ fUj;J?
tlf;F Njh;jy; vd;whtnjhUehs;
itf;fg;gl Ntz;baJ jhNd.
mJTk; ,yq;ifapd; xU gFjpNa.
[dehafk; ehl;by; midtUf;Fk;
xNu rkkhf mKy;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
mt;thwpy;yhjtplj;jpy; vy;iyaw;w
gpur;ridfs; NknyOk;. tlf;fpy; eilngWk;
Njh;jiy rhl;lhf itj;Jf;nfhz;L
eilngWk; ,e;j vjph;g;Gf;fs; fhuzkhf
35C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013 r kh jh d Neh f; F
tlf;F Njh;jy;
vd;whtnjhUehs;
itf;fg;gl Ntz;baJ
jhNd. mJTk;
,yq;ifapd; xU gFjpNa.
[dehafk; ehl;by;
midtUf;Fk; xNu rkkhf
mKy;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
mt;thwpy;yhjtplj;jpy;
vy;iyaw;w gpur;ridfs;
NknyOk;. tlf;fpy;
eilngWk; Njh;jiy
rhl;lhf itj;Jf;nfhz;L
eilngWk; ,e;j
vjph;g;Gf;fs; fhuzkhf
tlf;F vkJ ehl;bd;
gFjpnahd;wpy;iyah ? vd
rpyNtis fUjg;gLk;.
tof;F jhf;fy; nra;a KbahJ. mJ
Nghjhnjd;W mth; rl;lkh mjpgh;
jpizf;fsj;ijAk; nghWg;Ngw;Ws;shh;.
,g;NghJ ghUq;fs; ,e;j epiwNtw;W
[dhjpgjpf;Fhpa mjPj tpfhukhd mjpfhuk;
fPo;Nehf;fpAk; nrd;Wtpl;lJ. epiwNtw;W
mjpfhuj;jpD}lhf nghyP];Jiw$l murpay;
kag;gLj;jg;gl;Ltpl;lJ. mjdhy; jq;fhiy>
mf;Fu];] gpuNjr rigj; jiyth;fs;
mlq;fyhf cs;Suhl;rp epWtdj;
jiyth;fs; $l ehl;by; fhl;Lr;rl;lk;
,Ug;gJ Nghd;Nw nraw;gLfpd;wdh;. murpay;
nghyPRf;F vjidAk; nra;aKbahJ.
nghyP]; Mizf;FO ,y;iy. vkJ
rl;lkh mjpgh;fs; vt;tsTJ}uk;
Fw;wthspfSld; el;ghf ,Uf;fpwhh;fnsd;W
$Wtjhapd; mth;fSf;fpUf;Fk;
nfhiyf;Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fis xNu ,utpy;
ePf;Ffpd;wdh;. cq;fSf;F QhgfkpUf;Fk;
mz;ikapy; rkrkh[ fl;rpapd; fl;rp
khehl;by; rghehafh; ciuahw;Wk; NghJ
epiwNtw;W [dhjpgjp Kiwia ePf;f
Ntz;baJ ,d;wpaikahjJ vdf;
$wpapUe;jhh;. 20 kpy;ypad; kf;fspy; ahUf;F
,J Njitnad;W $Wq;fs;. I.Nj.f $l
jw;NghJ Gjpa tiuig mwpKfg;gLj;jj;
jahuhfpwJ.
I.Nj.f.Tf;F ,g;NghJ ,d;DnkhU I.Nj.f.Tf;F ,g;NghJ ,d;DnkhU
NfhrNk mJ. jhNk mwpKfg;gLj;jpa NfhrNk mJ. jhNk mwpKfg;gLj;jpa
murpayikg;Gf;F khw;nwhd;iwNa murpayikg;Gf;F khw;nwhd;iwNa
mth;fs; Kd;itf;fpwhh;fs;. ,jdhy; mth;fs; Kd;itf;fpwhh;fs;. ,jdhy;
Gjpa murpayikg;gpYs;s Njitg;ghLfs; Gjpa murpayikg;gpYs;s Njitg;ghLfs;
njhlh;gpyhd ek;gfj;jd;ik ghjpf;fg;glhjh? njhlh;gpyhd ek;gfj;jd;ik ghjpf;fg;glhjh?
,jw;Fg; gpd;dhy; murpay; NjitfNs ,jw;Fg; gpd;dhy; murpay; NjitfNs
fhuzkhf cs;sd vd;W rpyh; $wyhk;?fhuzkhf cs;sd vd;W rpyh; $wyhk;?
kpfTk; vspikahdJ. ,jw;fhf
cz;ikahd kf;fs; Mizia
ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
VidNahhplKs;s gyk; njhlh;gpy; ehk;
Fiwj;J kjpg;gplf;$lhJ. kf;fs; ,iwik
vkf;FhpaJ. vkJ Kaw;rp njhlh;ghf
ehk; midtUf;Fk; ntspg;gilahff;
$wpAs;Nshk;. ,e;j Nfhrj;ij
vOg;gpf;nfhz;LjhNd jw;Nghija
[dhjpgjp nfhOk;gpypUe;J fjph;fhkj;Jf;F
ghjahj;jpiu nrd;whh;. midtUk;
xj;Jiog;G ey;ff;$ba jpwe;j tha;g;G
,Jntd ehd; epidf;fpNwd;.
jhq;fs; ,e;j murpayikg;G tiuig jhq;fs; ,e;j murpayikg;G tiuig
Vida rpWghd;ik ,df; fl;rpfSf;F Vida rpWghd;ik ,df; fl;rpfSf;F
toq;fpdPh;fsh? mth;fsJ gpujpgypg;G toq;fpdPh;fsh? mth;fsJ gpujpgypg;G
vt;thwhdJ?vt;thwhdJ?
Mk;. ehk; mth;fspy; gyiu re;jpj;Njhk;.
mth;fsJ ey;y gpujpgypg;G ,Ue;jJ.
mjw;f;F Nkyjpfkhf K];ypk;> jkpo; ,d
r%fj;ij gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf
ehk; ,uz;L Jiz [dhjpgjp
gjtpfis cUthf;fpAs;Nshk;. me;j
murpay; jiyth;fs; ey;y njspTld;
,Uf;fpwhh;fnsd ehd; epidf;fpNwd;.
mth;fSf;Fk; nfsutkhd tha;g;ig
toq;FtNj vkJ epiyg;ghL.
,e;jg; Gjpa murpayikg;G tiuG %yk; ,e;jg; Gjpa murpayikg;G tiuG %yk;
ehl;bd; ey;yhl;rpia fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F ehl;bd; ey;yhl;rpia fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F
$Ljyhd gq;F toq;fg;gl;bUg;gjhf njhpa $Ljyhd gq;F toq;fg;gl;bUg;gjhf njhpa
tUfpwJ. ehl;bYs;s murpay; gpur;ridia tUfpwJ. ehl;bYs;s murpay; gpur;ridia
jPh;g;gjw;fhf mt;tsT ftdk; ,jpy; jPh;g;gjw;fhf mt;tsT ftdk; ,jpy;
,y;iyNa?,y;iyNa?
gjpNdohtJ jpUj;jj;ij kPz;Lk;
epWtpdhy; ngUk;ghyhd gpur;ridfSf;F
gjpy; fpilf;Fk; vd;gNj vdJ fUj;J.
mjw;f;Fhpa Mizf;FOf;fs; ,aq;Fk;NghJ
ehl;bd; midj;J Fbkf;fSf;Fk; kpfTk;
epahakhd tha;g;G fpilf;Fk;. ,g;NghJ
ghUq;fs; Nrhy;ghp murpayikg;gpypUe;J
1978 tiuf;Fk; kpfTk; gpw;Nghf;fhd>
kf;fs; gq;fspg;gpy;yhj murpayikg;Gfspd;
nraw;ghLfs;jhd; ,yq;ifapy; ,Ue;jd.
,e;j tiuGf;Fk; mNj epiyik Vw;gLtJ
Fwpj;J ehk; tpUg;gkpy;iy. vjph;fhyj;jpy;
fpilf;Fk; gad;kpF gpujpgypg;GfSlhf
,jid NkYk; nkU$l;LtNj vkJ
vjph;ghh;g;G.
,e;jpa - ,yq;if xg;ge;jk; ,e;jpa - ,yq;if xg;ge;jk;
mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lNghJ jhq;fs; mjw;F mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lNghJ jhq;fs; mjw;F
XusT vjph;g;G njhptpj;jpUe;j NghjpYk; XusT vjph;g;G njhptpj;jpUe;j NghjpYk;
jw;NghJ mJNghd;w vjph;g;Gf;Fg; jw;NghJ mJNghd;w vjph;g;Gf;Fg;
gjpyhf murpayikg;G jpUj;jj;Jf;fhf gjpyhf murpayikg;G jpUj;jj;Jf;fhf
Kd;te;Js;sPh;fs;. ,e;j khw;wk; Vd;?Kd;te;Js;sPh;fs;. ,e;j khw;wk; Vd;?
gps;isnahd;W gpwe;j gpd;dh;
mjid rhfbf;f KbahJ. mg;gps;isaplk;
VjhtJ FiwghL ,Ug;gpd; ehk;
me;jf; FiwghLfis ePf;Ftjw;F
Kaw;rpg;gjidNa nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
ehq;fs; jdpikahd ehnlhd;wpy;
thotpy;iy. ,e;jpahTld; ,Ue;j
,uh[je;jpu njhlh;Gfspd; ngWNgNw
,J. mJ ey;yNjh nfl;lNjh ehk; gue;j
ghh;itAld; vijahtJ nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
nrhe;j tpUg;gj;Jf;fika tplaq;fis
mur kl;lj;jpy; ePf;fk; nra;a KbAkh?
mJ ehNk cyFf;F toq;Fk; jtwhd
Kd;khjpupahFk;.
36 C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013r kh jh d Neh f; F
2005 kfpe;j rpe;jid>
2010 kfpe;j rpe;jid
njhiyNehf;F vDk;
tpQ;Qhgdq;fspYk;>
ruj; nghd;Nrfhtpd;
Njh;jy; tpQ;Qhgdj;jpYk;
epiwNtw;W [dhjpgjp Kiw
mfw;wg;gl Ntz;Lnkd
$wg;gl;bUe;jJ. vdNt
mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l fle;j
gy jrhg;jq;fspy;
nraw;gl;l Kiw kpfTk;
gaq;fukhdJ.
,e;j murpayikg;G tiuG ,e;j murpayikg;G tiuG
mwpKfg;gLj;jy; mjpfhuj;Jf;FtUk; mwpKfg;gLj;jy; mjpfhuj;Jf;FtUk;
NkYnkhU topnad Nehf;Fgtu;fSk; NkYnkhU topnad Nehf;Fgtu;fSk;
ghh;g;gth;fSk; ,y;yhky; ,y;iyj;jhNd?ghh;g;gth;fSk; ,y;yhky; ,y;iyj;jhNd?
ey;yij nra;jhYk; rpyUf;F NrWG+rNt
Njhd;Wk;. mjw;F gjpyspf;Fk; Neuk;
tPzbf;fg;gLk;. ehk; ,e;j tiuig
midj;Jj; jug;gpdUf;Fk; toq;fpNdhk;.
,J xU fl;rpf;Nfh> FOTf;Nfh> egUf;Nfh
kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy. ,jw;fhd rpwe;j
gpujpgyg;ig ngWtjw;F ehk; ,Wjp Neuk;
tiu Kaw;rpnaLg;Nghk;. Kbahtpl;lhy;
120 ehl;fSf;Fs; epiwNtw;W [dhjpgjp
Kiwikia ePf;Ftjpy; ntw;wpngwf;$ba
nghJ Ntl;ghsiu gpNuhpf;f Ntz;ba
epiy Vw;gLk;. mt;thwhapd; epiwNtw;W
[dhjpgjp Kiwia ,uj;J nra;Ak;
[dhjpgjp Ntl;ghsUf;Nf ehk; xj;Jiog;G
toq;f Kaw;rpg;Nghk;. ,Wjpj; jPh;khdk;
kf;fSilaJ.
gjpd;%d;whtJ jpUj;jk; njhlh;gpyhd gjpd;%d;whtJ jpUj;jk; njhlh;gpyhd
,e;jpahtpd; gpujpgypg;G njhlh;gpy; ,e;jpahtpd; gpujpgypg;G njhlh;gpy;
mjpfkhNdhh; tpopg;Gld; cs;sdh;. mJ mjpfkhNdhh; tpopg;Gld; cs;sdh;. mJ
vy;iyjhz;baJ vd epidg;NghUk; vy;iyjhz;baJ vd epidg;NghUk;
cs;sdh;. cs;sdh;.
rpukg;gl;lhtJ ehk; ajhh;j;jj;ij
Vw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j
cld;gbf;ifapd; ,d;ndhU gykhd
jug;G ,e;jpahthFk;. ,J ,Ujug;G
cld;gbf;ifahFk;. vkJ ,uh[je;jpu
nraw;ghLfspy; ngUk;ghyhdit
,t;thwhd cld;gbf;iffSlhfNt
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd. rh;tNjr
rl;lq;fSf;fika ifnahg;gkplg;gl;l
xg;ge;jj;ij xU jug;G KbTWj;JtJ
,yFthd tplankd ehd;
epidf;ftpy;iy. mk;ikahh; (rpwpkhNth
gz;lhuehaf;f) msTf;F ,e;ehl;bd;
ntspehl;L nfhs;ifia epiyahf Ngzpr;
nrd;w jiytiu ehd; re;jpf;ftpy;iy.
mth; gpujkh; rh];jphpAld; cld;gbf;if
nra;Ak;NghJ vjph;f;fl;rp jiytuhd
ll;ypAld; Ngrpdhh;. gpNukjh] mth;fs;
gy;NtW re;jh;g;gq;fspy; jtwhff; fijj;jhh;.
,e;jpuh fhe;jp Nghd;w jiyth;fs; mjid
mq;fPfhpf;ftpy;iy. [ath;j;jd mth;fs;$l
mnkhpf;f rhh;ghdtnud;Nw fhl;bdhh;.
vdNt ehk; Fog;gkilahky; ,Ug;gJ
Kf;fpakhdJ.
,e;ehl;bYs;s ngUk;ghyhd ,e;ehl;bYs;s ngUk;ghyhd
gpur;ridfspy; gpf;Ffspd; jiyaPL gpur;ridfspy; gpf;Ffspd; jiyaPL
tpthjj;Jf;FhpaJ. ,e;ehl;bYs;s murpay; tpthjj;Jf;FhpaJ. ,e;ehl;bYs;s murpay;
gpur;ridf;F murpay; jPh;T toq;FtJk; gpur;ridf;F murpay; jPh;T toq;FtJk;
kpfTk; rthyhd tplaNk. ,q;Nf ngsj;j kpfTk; rthyhd tplaNk. ,q;Nf ngsj;j
kjFUTf;Fhpa gzpg;nghWg;G vd;d?kjFUTf;Fhpa gzpg;nghWg;G vd;d?
mjpfhug; gfph;T NjitahdJ vd;gjpy;
tpthjj;Jf;F ,lkpy;iy. mjid kj> rhjp
mbg;gilapy; nra;af;$lhJ. eph;thf myF
hPjpahfNt Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. mJ
cyfpy; nraw;gLj;jg;gLk; KiwikahFk;.
kj;jpa muR jpl;lkpLk;NghJ eph;thf
myFfs; vdg;gLk; Fl;b murhq;fq;fs;
jkf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdthW mjid
mKy;gLj;j KbAk;. fhydpj;Jtthjpfspd;
jpl;lkplYf;fika gphpf;fg;gl;l eph;thf
KiwiaNa ehk; ,g;NghJk; J}f;fpitj;Jf;
nfhz;Ls;Nshk;. ve;jnthU Mf;fG+h;tkhd
nraw;jpl;lj;ij Nkw;nfhs;tjhfj;
njhpatpy;iy. ,yq;ifapy; mikr;Rf;fs;
gfpug;gl;Ls;s Kiwiag; ghUq;fs;.
vt;tsT mwpahik. Kd;dhs; mikr;rh;
yypj; mj;Jyj;Kjyp kpfTk; tpQ;QhdhPjpahf
mikr;Rg; gjtpfis 25 Mf Fiwj;J
XusT gfph;itr; nra;jhh;. ,e;j midj;J
JiwfspYk; cz;ikahd khw;wk;.
Gduikg;G NjitahdJ vd;gJ
cq;fSf;Fg; GhpAk;.
mLj;j tplak; ePq;fs; Nfl;l Nfs;tpf;F
ehd; juf;$ba gjpyhdJ gpf;Ftpd;
tiuaiwia Gupe;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
ehd; Jwtp vDk; tplak; vg;NghJk;
kdjpypUf;f Ntz;Lk;. ehq;fs;
VidNahhplkpUe;J tpyfpepw;f
Kaw;rpf;ff;$lhJ. gpwUld; ,ize;J
njhlh;e;Jk; tho Ntz;Lk;. xd;whf
,Ue;jhy; ngUk; gazk; Nkw;nfhs;s
KbAnkd;gjid vk;kth;fs; Qhgfk;
itj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. Nrh; nghd;dk;gyk;
,uhkehjd; mth;fNs vkf;F ntrhf;
tpLKiwia mf;fhyj;jpy; ngw;Wf;
nfhLj;jhh;. Vd; ehk; mjid epidj;Jg;
ghh;g;gjpy;iy.
Gjpa murpayikg;G tiuT Gjpa murpayikg;G tiuT
njhlh;gpyhd jq;fsJ vjph;ghh;g;G?njhlh;gpyhd jq;fsJ vjph;ghh;g;G?
[dhjpgjp [ath;j;jd mth;fshy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l ghuJ}ukhd jtiw
rPh;nra;J ,yq;ifapy; mtjhpj;j
rpwg;ghd murj; jiytuhf tuyhw;wpy;
,lk;ngWtjw;f;F kfpe;j uh[gf;\ mth;fs;
,e;j tha;g;igg; gad;gLj;jp nfhs;thnud
ehk; vjph;ghh;f;fpNwhk;. ,jw;F NjitahdJ
kf;fs; NeaKs;s murpay; Fwpf;Nfhs;
kl;LNk. ve;j murpay; jiyik %yk; ,e;j
rpwg;ghd Fzhk;rk; ntspg;gLnkd ngUk;
vjph;ghh;g;Gld; ,Uf;fpNwhk;.
Fwpg;G : kQ;Rs f[ehaf;fFwpg;G : kQ;Rs f[ehaf;f
37C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013 r kh jh d Neh f; F
Kd;dhs; [dhjpgjpre;jpupfh gz;lhuehaf;f FkhuJq;f
Photo source : www.shaheedoniran.org
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13 MtJ murpayikg;Gr; rl;lk; ,yq;ifapy; mJtiu ,Ue;j xw;iwahl;rpf; 13 MtJ murpayikg;Gr; rl;lk; ,yq;ifapy; mJtiu ,Ue;j xw;iwahl;rpf;
fl;likg;gpid tphpthd mjpfhug; gfph;Tf; fl;likg;gpw;Fk; nfhz;L nrd;wJ. kf;fsJ fUj;J fl;likg;gpid tphpthd mjpfhug; gfph;Tf; fl;likg;gpw;Fk; nfhz;L nrd;wJ. kf;fsJ fUj;J
vJthf ,Ue;jhYk; ePq;fs; mr; re;jh;g;gj;jpYk; tp[aFkhuJq;f mth;fSld; mjw;F rhh;ghf vJthf ,Ue;jhYk; ePq;fs; mr; re;jh;g;gj;jpYk; tp[aFkhuJq;f mth;fSld; mjw;F rhh;ghf
,Ue;jPh;fs;. ,J gw;wp ,d;W ePq;fs; vd;d epidf;fpwPh;fs;? ,Ue;jPh;fs;. ,J gw;wp ,d;W ePq;fs; vd;d epidf;fpwPh;fs;?
ehl;bd; xUikg;ghl;ilg; NgZtjw;Fk; midj;J ,dq;fSf;fpilapYk; kf;fs;
FOf;fSf;fpilapYk; xw;Wikiaf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;Fk; tYtilar; nra;tjw;Fk; 13
MtJ jpUj;jk; Nghd;w xd;W mj;jpatrpakhFk;. rpWghz;ikapdh;fs; thOfpd;w Vida
ehLfspYk; mth;fSf;F VjhtnjhU fhuzj;jpw;fhf Fiwthff; ftdpf;fg;gLfpwhu;fs;.
vdf; fUjg;gLkhapd; jdpehl;Lf; Nfhhpf;if tpLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. rpyh; jdpehL tiuf;Fk;
nry;ytpy;iy. rpy ehLfspy; tphpthd mjpfhug; gfph;nthd;wpidf; (Federalism) NfhUfpd;wdh;. VNjh xU tpjj;jpy; mjpfhug; gfph;T %yk; my;yJ rk\;b murpayikg;Gr;
rl;lj;jpD}lhf my;yJ Fiwthd mjpfhuq;fSlNdh mjpfhug; gfph;T Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l
,lq;fspy; gpur;rpidf;F jPh;T fhzg;gl;Ls;sJ. Mgphpf;fhtpYk; ,e;jpahtpYk; NkYk;
Vuhskhd cjhuzq;fisf; $wyhk;. ,e;jpahtpy; 28 khepyq;fs; cs;sd. ,e;jpah
Rje;jpuk; ngw;wTlNdNa rk\;b Ml;rp Kiwnahd;W Vw;gLj;jg;glhjpUg;gpd;> me;je;j
khfhzq;fspy; tho;fpd;w gyjug;gl;l ,dj;jth;fSf;F jj;jkJ eltbf;iffis
eph;tfpg;gjw;F mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg;glhjpUg;gpd; jw;NghJ ,e;jpah Jz;lhlg;gl;l xU ehlhf
,Ue;jpUf;Fk;.
ehl;bd; If;fpaj;jpw;Fk; xUikg;ghl;bw;Fk; gpsT Vw;glhJ> ehL ,uz;lhfg; gphptijj;
jLg;gjw;F 13 MtJ jpUj;jk; ey;ynjhU jPh;T vd ehd; fUJfpd;Nwd;.
vdJ Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; nfhz;Ltug;gl;l “mjpfhuj;ijg; gfph;e;J ehl;ilg;
gpsTgLj;jhkypUg;Nghk;” vDk; Kd;khjphp ,w;iwf;Fk; nghUe;Jk;. ,J gw;wpa mwptpy;yhj
kdpjh;fs; jPtputhjf; fUj;Jf;fisf; $wp NfhrnkOg;gj; njhlq;fpdhh;fs;. Mt;thW $Wk;
38 C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013r kh jh d Neh f; F
ehl;bd; If;fpaj;jpw;Fk;
xUikg;ghl;bw;Fk; gpsT
Vw;glhJ> ehL ,uz;lhfg;
gphptijj; jLg;gjw;F 13 MtJ
jpUj;jk; ey;ynjhU jPh;T vd
ehd; fUJfpd;Nwd;.
gpf;FfSk; gpf;Ffs; my;yhjth;fspy; vj;jid Ngh; gy;fiyf;fofk; xd;wpd; mUfpy; $l
nrd;wpUg;ghh;fs;? ehd; mt;thW $Wtjw;Ff; fhuzk; gy;fiyf;fofk; nry;tnjd;gJ nghpa
xU tplak; vd;gjw;F my;y.
rw;W mjpfkhf fy;tp gapd;Ws;sth;fSf;F ed;F thrpj;J tpsf;fpf; nfhs;s
KbAk;. murhq;fj;jpd; rpy jiyth;fSf;Fk; ,J nghUe;Jk;. murpay; ,yhgq;fisg;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;Fk;> njhlh;e;Jk; mjpfhuj;jpy; ,Ug;gjw;Fkhf> kf;fs; mjpfhuk; njhlh;ghf
ntWg;gile;Js;s xU re;jh;g;gj;jpy; ,dthjj;ijj; J}z;b njhlh;e;J mjpfhuj;jpy;
,Ug;gjw;fhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; xU je;jpukhfNt ehd; ,ijf; fhz;fpd;Nwd;.
,e;jpahitg; Nghd;W ,yq;ifapYk; rk\;b Kiwiknahd;W Vw;gLj;jg;gLkhapd; ,e;j
epiyikfspy; khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;jyhk;. kpfg; nghpa mstpy; mjpfhuj;ijg; gfph;e;jspj;J
rk\;b Kiwiknahd;iw toq;fj; Njitapy;iy. Fiwe;jhYk; Kjph;;r;rpiaf; nfhz;Ls;s
xU ehL nra;a Ntz;ba Mff; Fiwe;j nray; 13 MtJ jpUj;jk; vd;gij ehd; $w
tpUk;GfpNwd;.
vdJ Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; 13,w;Fk; mg;ghy; nrd;w mjpfhug; gfph;T gw;wp Nahrid
njhptpf;fg;gl;lJ. mg;NghJ ,e;j ehl;by; Aj;jnkhd;W fhzg;gl;lJ. vdf;F ntWkNd ngha;
NgRtjw;Nfh Kisf;NfhshW fhuzkhfNth GjpanjhU murpayikg;ig cUthf;Fk;
Njit cUthftpy;iyi. jw;NghJ ,lk;ngw;Ws;sjidg;Nghy; ehDk; Aj;jj;ij KbTf;Ff;
nfhz;Lte;jpUf;fyhk;. 1994 Mk; Mz;L vd murhq;fk; gjtpf;F te;jNghJ tlf;fpd;
5 khtl;lq;fspdJk; fl;Lg;ghL vy;.hP.hP.< aplNk fhzg;gl;lJ. gpughfud; aho;g;ghzk;
fr;NrhpapypUe;J midj;J mur mjpfhhpfSf;Fk; fl;lis gpwg;gpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhh;.
muridg; Nghd;W 5 my;yJ 6 ,uhZt Kfhk;fs; kl;LNk murhq;fj;jpd; fl;Lg;ghl;by;
,Ue;jd. gyhyp> fhq;Nfrd;Jiw> Ky;iyj;jPT rpyhtj;Jiw> tTdpah> kd;dhh;
Mfpa ,uhZt Kfhk;fs; khj;jpuNk mt;thW tiuaWf;fg;gl;bUe;jd. gyhypapypUe;j
vkJ giltPuh;fSf;F cg;Gj; jd;ik fhuzkhf FbePu; Fbf;f KbahJ. mth;fSf;F
Fbg;gjw;F ePh; Njitg;gLk; NghJ ntspapy; mike;Js;s fpzw;wpw;Fr; nry;y gpughfuDld;
njhiyNgrpapy; fijf;f mDkjp ngw;wdh;. mthplk; mDkjp ngw;Nw gyhypapypUe;J
ntspNa nry;y Ntz;bapUe;jJ. kf;fs; fl;rpapy; ,Ue;Jnfhz;L tpN[Nghd;Nwhh; vkf;F
,tw;iw mwptpj;jhh;fs;. me;j Kfhk;fspy; ,uz;L ehl;fs; ,Ue;Njhk;. MfNt vg;gbNah
me;epiyikapypUe;J KO tlf;fpidAk; kPl;nlLg;gjw;F ehd; jiyik jhq;fpNdd;. vy;.
hP.hP.< apdhpd; fl;Lg;ghl;bypUe;J 75¤ Gtpapay; gpuNjrj;ij tpLtpj;Njhk;. Kjy; ,uz;L
Mz;Lfspy; mjpfhug; gfph;T %yk; gpur;rpidfisj; jPh;g;Nghnkd ehk; gjtpNaw;wTlNdNa
vy;.hP.hP.< ,dUf;Ff; $wpNdhk;. gpughfud; Ngr;Rthh;j;ijfspy; fye;J nfhz;L 8 khjq;fspy;
gpd; mjidg; Gwe;js;sp tpl;L nrd;W tpl;lhh;. vJtpj fhuzKk; ,d;wp gpd;dh; Aj;jk;
Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. Aj;jnkd;why; Aj;jk; rkhjhdnkhd;why; rkhjhdk; vd;W ehd; $wpNdd;.
ehKk; Aj;jk; Ghpe;Njhk;.
mth; Aj;jj;ij Muk;gpj;J 8 khjq;fs; nry;Yk;NghJ ehk; aho;g;ghz FlhehL
KOtijAk; ifg;gw;wpNdhk;. ehd; kl;Lk; jdpahf mijr; nra;atpy;iy. mDUj;juj;tj;j
Kd;dhs; vdJ gpujp mikr;rh;> mg;NghJ gjtp tfpj;j ,uhZtj; jsgjpfs; MfpNahh;
jpwikahf gzp Ghpe;jdh;. mr;re;jh;g;gj;jpy; midj;J giltPuh;fisAk; xd;W jpul;b xU
jpl;lj;jpw;fika gzpahw;wpNdhk;. ehd; jhd; epjp Nrfhpj;Njd;. KbAkhd msT fsTfisf;
fl;Lg;gLj;jpNdd;. ,Wjpahf kfpe;j uh[gf;\Tf;F murhq;fj;ij xg;gilf;Fk; NghJ KO
tlf;fpYk; 25¤ kl;LNk tpLtpf;fg;gl Ntz;bapUe;jJ. Ky;iyj;jPTf;Fk; fpspnehr;rpf;Fk;
mz;kpj;j gpuNjrq;fNs mit MFk;.
,th;fs; jPtpukhf Kd;Ndwpr; nrd;W ngw;Wf;nfhz;lij Vd; vd;dhy; ngw Kbatpy;iy
vd vd;dplk; gyh; Nfl;lhh;fs;. ,e;j 25¤ I vLf;fr; nrd;wpUe;jhy; ,J jhd; md;Wk;
ele;jpUf;Fk;. mjhtJ ,uz;L my;yJ %d;W ,yl;rk; mg;ghtp kf;fisf; nfhiy nra;a
Ntz;bapUe;jpUf;Fk;. gpughfud; nra;j fPo;jukhd nray; fhuzkhf aho;g;ghzj;jpypUe;J
ehk; vy;.hP.hP.< I tpul;babj;j NghJ aho;g;ghzf; Flh ehl;bypUe;J Rkhh; 5 ,yl;rk;
kf;fisg; gpughfud; gyte;jkhf Jg;ghf;fp Kidapy; ntspNa vLj;Jr; nrd;whh;. mJ
jhd; nfhpy;yh je;jpNuhghak; Rw;wptu nghJ kf;fs; #oe;jpUe;jhy; ,uhZtk; nfhiy
nra;aj; JzpahJ vd;w ek;gpf;ifNa mjw;fhd fhuzk;. mth;fs; Ky;iyj;jPtpy; nrd;W
FbNaw Kd;dh; ,th;fis kPz;Lk; (mJTk; vdJ jpl;lNk) aho;g;ghzj;jpw;F tutiof;f
39C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013 r kh jh d Neh f; F
,th;fs; jPtpukhf Kd;Ndwpr;
nrd;W ngw;Wf;nfhz;lij
Vd; vd;dhy; ngw
Kbatpy;iy vd vd;dplk;
gyh; Nfl;lhh;fs;. ,e;j 25¤
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jhd; md;Wk; ele;jpUf;Fk;.
mjhtJ ,uz;L my;yJ
%d;W ,yl;rk; mg;ghtp
kf;fisf; nfhiy nra;a
Ntz;bapUe;jpUf;Fk;.
Ntz;Lnkd;W ehd; $wpNdd;. gpughfudpd; gf;fj;jpy; itf;f Kbahnjd;W $wpa NghJ
mth;fs; gaq;futhjpfs; vd;W ,uhZtj;jpdh; $wpdhh;fs;. Gaq;futhjpfshdhYk;
mth;fs; vdJ kf;fs; vd ehd; $wpNdd;. gaq;futhjpfis ey;y gpui[fshf;FtNj vdJ
Nehf;fk;. gpughfuidj; jdpikg;gLj;jp VjhtJ nra;aNt ,yf;F itf;fg;gl;lJ. vk;khy;
mtiuf; fhg;ghw;w Kbahnjd;W vkf;Fj; njhpAk;. mth; xU NghJk; khwkhl;lhh;. MfNt
gpughfuidj; jdpikg;gLj;j Ntz;Lkhapd; ehk; ,e;j kf;fis fhg;ghw;w Ntz;Lk;.
mth;fspy; ngUk;ghyhNdhh; rptpy; kf;fs; Mtu;. gyte;jkhf gpughfud; mth;fisg;
gad;gLj;jpdh;. kf;fs; gaq;futhjpfsy;y. vg;gbNah ehd; me;j “yt;l; n`[];” vd;w nghpa
xypthq;fpfis mDg;gpNdd;. ,uhZtk; kPJ kf;fs; ek;gpf;if itj;jdh;. MapDk; xU
gFjpapdh; tpUk;gtpy;iy. mtw;iw ,uhZtj;jpdh; epd;w vy;iyfSf;F toq;fpNdd;.
kf;fs; fpspnehr;rp> Ky;iyj;jPT> fhLfspy; Nghf ,lkpd;wp kuq;fspd; Nky; ,Ue;jhh;fs;.
Kbe;jsT mwptpj;jy; nfhLj;Njhk;. Mfhakhh;f;fkhf Jz;Lg; gpuRuq;fisg; Nghl;Nlhk;.
kPz;Lk; thUq;fs; ehk; cq;fSf;F vJTk; nra;akhl;Nlhk;. ehk; cq;fisg; ghpNrhjpg;gJ
(12:01) cq;fsplk; MAjk; cs;sjh vd mwptjw;F khj;jpuNk. vkf;F Ntnwhd;Wk;
Njitapy;iy. me;jNeuk; jw;NghJ ,th;fs; Nfl;gJ Nghy; ID fhl; Nfl;f KbahJ jhNd.
jg;gpNahbath;fsplk; vt;thW ID fhl; Nfl;gJ? Ie;J ,yl;rk; Nghpy; Rkhh; %d;W ,yl;rk;
Ngh;tiu kPz;Lk; te;jhh;fs;. mth;fis ehq;fs; nfhQ;rk; nfhQ;rkhf Fbakh;j;jpNdhk;.
Gyh; mth;fSf;fpUe;j tPLfSf;Fr; nrd;wdh;. ehq;fs; aho;g;ghzj;ijf; ifg;gw;w
Nkw;nfhz;l Aj;jj;jpd; fhuzkhf gyuJ tPLfs; moptile;jd. mij kPsf; fl;Ltjw;F
vkf;F ,J Nghd;W %d;W tUlq;fs; nry;ytpy;iy. ehd; clNd epjp toq;fpNdd;.
rh;tNjr hPjpahfTk; vkf;F ed;whf cjtpfs; fpilj;jd. ehk; mjid kf;fSf;F toq;fp
tPLfisf;fl;bf; nfhs;sr; nrhd;Ndhk;. vkf;F nghUl;fs; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. fhzg;gl;l rPnke;J
Nghd;witfis ,ad;w tiu ehq;fs; mjid fg;gy;fspy; Vw;wp mDg;gpNdhk; vg;gbNah
gpughfud; gyhj;fhukhf xd;wiu ,yl;rk; kf;fis jLj;J itj;Jf; nfhz;lhh;. mth;fspd;
rpyh; RatpUg;gj;jpNyNa ,Ue;jhh;fs;. ,e;j xd;wiu ,yl;rk; kf;fs; jhd; gpughfuDk; vy;.
hP.hP.< jiyth;fSk; xopj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j Fiffisr; (khspif Nghd;w) Rw;wp ,Ue;jdh;.
Rw;wptu ,uz;L %d;W tyaq;fis mikj;jpUe;jdh;. mJ NghyNt tPLfisf; fl;b
mjpy; kf;fis Fbakh;j;jpdhh;fs;. mt; midj;J kf;fisAk; nfhd;Wtpl;Lj;jhd; ,j;
jiyth;fis gpbf;f Ntz;bNaw;gl;lJ. mjdhy; jhd; ehd; njhlh;e;Jk; Ngr;R thh;j;ijf;F
tUkhW (fj;Njhypf;f) gpn\hg;khupaplk; nra;jp mDg;gpNdd;. mth;fSld; neUq;fpa cwT
fhzg;gl;lJ. mg;gbAk; tutpy;;iy.
mjd; gpd; rh;tNjr hPjpahf Nehh;Ntapid tutioj;J mth;fisAk; mDg;gpNdhk;.
,Wjpapy; udpy; tpf;ukrpq;ftpd; murhq;fj;jpy; rpwpJ ,zf;fk; fhzg;gl;lJ. gpd;dh; kPz;Lk;
vdJ murhq;fk; te;j NghJ xg;ge;jnkhd;W ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;lJ.
vy;.hP.hP.< ,yq;if murhq;fnkhd;Wld; kpfr; rpwe;j ifr;rhj;jpl;l rpwe;j xg;ge;jk;
mJntd ehd; epidf;fpNwd;. mJ kpfTk; Kd;Nd nrd;w xU xg;ge;jkhFk;. mijr; rhpahf
eilKiwg;gLj;j ,lkspj;jpUe;jhy; vk;khy; ngUksT ,g; gpur;rpidiaj; jPh;j;J ,Uf;fyhk;.
Rdhkp epfo;e;jjd; gpd;dh; vy;.hP.hP.< ,w;F vJTNk nra;a KbahkypUe;j Neuj;jpy; Rdhkp epfo;e;jjd; gpd;dh; vy;.hP.hP.< ,w;F vJTNk nra;a KbahkypUe;j Neuj;jpy;
jkf;F Neubahf epjp toq;FkhW Nfhhp cyfpd; ehyh gf;fq;fSf;Fk; nrd;whh;fs;. jkf;F Neubahf epjp toq;FkhW Nfhhp cyfpd; ehyh gf;fq;fSf;Fk; nrd;whh;fs;.
Re;jphpf;fhtpd; murhq;fk; Aj;jj;ij epWj;j cq;fSf;F miog;G tpLf;fpwJ vd;gjhy; Re;jphpf;fhtpd; murhq;fk; Aj;jj;ij epWj;j cq;fSf;F miog;G tpLf;fpwJ vd;gjhy;
mt;thW nra;aj; Njitapy;iynad midj;J ehLfSk; mt; Ntisapy; njhptpj;jd. mt;thW nra;aj; Njitapy;iynad midj;J ehLfSk; mt; Ntisapy; njhptpj;jd.
Aj;jj;ij epWj;Jq;fs;> ehk; muRf;F epjp toq;FfpNwhk;. mth;fsplk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sq;fs; Aj;jj;ij epWj;Jq;fs;> ehk; muRf;F epjp toq;FfpNwhk;. mth;fsplk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sq;fs;
vd;W nrhd;dhh;fs;. ,jdhy; mth;fSk; mr; re;jh;g;gj;jpy; rpwe;jnjhU jPh;khdj;ij vd;W nrhd;dhh;fs;. ,jdhy; mth;fSk; mr; re;jh;g;gj;jpy; rpwe;jnjhU jPh;khdj;ij
vLj;jhh;fs;. ehk; nrhy;ykNyNa gpd;G vy;.hP.hP.< te;J ehk; Ngr;Rthh;j;ij elhj;JNthk; vLj;jhh;fs;. ehk; nrhy;ykNyNa gpd;G vy;.hP.hP.< te;J ehk; Ngr;Rthh;j;ij elhj;JNthk;
vd;W nrhd;dhh;fs;. ehk; xd;whf nrayhw;WNthk;> ,jid kPsf; fl;bnaOg;GNthk; vd;Wk; vd;W nrhd;dhh;fs;. ehk; xd;whf nrayhw;WNthk;> ,jid kPsf; fl;bnaOg;GNthk; vd;Wk;
$wpdhh;fs;. $wpdhh;fs;.
gpd;dh; vdJ rkhjhd nrayfj;ijr; Nrh;e;j [ad;j jdghy cl;gl xU FOtpdUk;
gpughfud; mDg;gpa Gypj;Njtd; cs;spl;l rpyUk; Ngr;Rthh;j;ijfis elhj;jp ehk; ,jw;F
xg;gkpl;Nlhk;. Kjy; jlitahf “,yq;if murhq;fk;” vd vy;.hP.hP.< Vw;Wf; nfhz;ldh;.
nfhOk;G murhq;fk;> tlf;F murhq;fk; vdj;jhd; ,Jtiu $wp te;jhh;fs;. mjd; gpd; Kjy;
jlitahf ,yq;if murhq;fj;Jld; ,ize;J mq;fj;Jtj;ijg; ngw;W FOf;fspy; xd;whf
,Ue;J jPh;khdq;fis vLj;J mj; jPh;khdq;fis mKy;gLj;j ,zq;fpdhh;fs;. mjhtJ
40 C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013r kh jh d Neh f; F
vy;.hP.hP.< apdhpd;
fl;Lg;ghl;bypUe;J 75¤ Gtpapay;
gpuNjrj;ij tpLtpj;Njhk;.
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mjpfhug; gfph;T %yk;
gpur;rpidfisj; jPh;g;Nghnkd
ehk; gjtpNaw;wTlNdNa vy;.
hP.hP.< ,dUf;Ff; $wpNdhk;.
gpughfud; Ngr;Rthh;j;ijfspy;
fye;J nfhz;L 8 khjq;fspy;
gpd; mjidg; Gwe;js;sp
tpl;L nrd;W tpl;lhh;. vJtpj
fhuzKk; ,d;wp gpd;dh; Aj;jk;
Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. Aj;jnkd;why;
Aj;jk; rkhjhdnkhd;why;
rkhjhdk; vd;W ehd; $wpNdd;.
ehKk; Aj;jk; Ghpe;Njhk;.
Gduikg;G kw;Wk; kPsf;fl;bnaOg;Gjy; vd;gd njhlh;ghfthFk;.
mjd; gpd; cz;ikapNyNa ele;jnjd;dntdpy; kfpe;j uh[gf;\ ruj; rpy;thTld;
,ufrpa xg;ge;jk; Nkw;nfhz;ljhFk;. ,jidj; Njhw;fbf;f Ntz;Lk; vd mtu; gpujk
ePjpaurUf;Ff; $wpdhu;.
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toq;fg;gl;lJ. cz;ikapy; epthuzg; nghwpKiwia mth; Kw;WKOjhf J}f;fp vwpa
tpy;iy. MapDk; mjpypUe;j ey;y gFjp rl;lj;jpw;F KuzhdJ vdf; $wp mfw;wg;gl;lJ.
mg;gbahapd; ,J ekf;Fj; Njitapy;iynad mjd; gpd;G vy;.hP.hP< apdh; $wpdhh;fs;.
MapDk; [dhjpgjp mjpfhuq;fs; vdf;fpUg;gjdhy; ruj; rpy;thTf;F vd;id $l;byilf;f
Kbahnjd;gjhy; gag;gl Ntz;lhk; vd ehd; $wpNdd;. Fwpg;gpl;l gFjpfs; ePf;fg;gltpy;iy
vdf; fUjp jhd; midj;J fl;lisfSf;Fk; xg;gkpl;Lj; jUNtd; vd;Wk; mtw;iw
mKy;gLj;jj; jahh; vd;Wk; mtw;iw ehk; Nkw;nfhs;Nthk; vd;Wk; ,J njhlh;ghf vd;id
ek;GkhWk; ehd; $wpNdd;.
mjd;NghJ vy;.hP.hP.< vJTNk gjpy; $wtpy;iy. mtjhdpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jdu;. mjd;
gpd; vdf;F tPl;Lf;Fg; Nghfr; nrhd;dhh;fs; gpd;dh; fhhpak; mj;Jld; epiwTngw;wJ. mit
ruj;rpy;thtpd; eltbf;if vd;W $wyhk;. kfpe;j uh[gf;\ jhd; mijr; nra;jhh; vd;W
$wpdhy; cq;fs; CPA ia ePq;fs; %l NeupLk;. ,jid nghJkf;fs; njspthf mwpe;Jnfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;.
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njspthd gjpy; fpilj;jpUf;Fnkd ehd; epidf;fpNwd;. ve;j tifapYk; 13 MtJ
jpUj;jj;jpdhy; ehL ,uz;lhfg; gphpahJ.
,uz;lhfg; gphpag; NghFk; ehl;il xd;WgLj;jyhk;. jkf;F ngUk; mePjp ,uz;lhfg; gphpag; NghFk; ehl;il xd;WgLj;jyhk;. jkf;F ngUk; mePjp
,iof;fg;gl;Ls;sjhf jkpo; kf;fs; $Wfpd;wdh;. vt;tifahd mePjp ele;jjhntd rpyh; ,iof;fg;gl;Ls;sjhf jkpo; kf;fs; $Wfpd;wdh;. vt;tifahd mePjp ele;jjhntd rpyh;
tpdTfpd;wdh;. mePjp eilngw;Ws;sJ. ehd; ,e;ehl;L mur Nritapy; gzpGhpe;Js;Nsd; tpdTfpd;wdh;. mePjp eilngw;Ws;sJ. ehd; ,e;ehl;L mur Nritapy; gzpGhpe;Js;Nsd;
jw;NghJ vdf;F jfhj thh;j;ijfshy; jpl;l Muk;gpg;ghh;fs;. vdf;F Fz;L itf;fTk; jw;NghJ vdf;F jfhj thh;j;ijfshy; jpl;l Muk;gpg;ghh;fs;. vdf;F Fz;L itf;fTk;
,lKz;L. MapDk; cz;ikiag; Ngr Ntz;Lk;. tptrha mikr;rpd; fhzp rPh;jpUj;j ,lKz;L. MapDk; cz;ikiag; Ngr Ntz;Lk;. tptrha mikr;rpd; fhzp rPh;jpUj;j
Mizf;FOtpy; ehd; murhq;f mjpfhupahf 5 Mz;Lfs; gzp Ghpe;Js;Nsd;. Mizf;FOtpy; ehd; murhq;f mjpfhupahf 5 Mz;Lfs; gzp Ghpe;Js;Nsd;.
md;W fhzp rPh;jpUj;j Mizf;FOtpy; Rkhh; 500 egh;fs; gzp Ghpe;jhh;fs;. xU
jkpoh; $l ,Uf;ftpy;iy. gpd;G vdJ gphpTf;F fzf;fhsh; xUth; Njitg;gl;lhh;. ehk;
mg;gjtpf;fhf Nkw;nfhz;l Neh;Kfg; ghPl;irapypUe;J rpwe;j jifikAs;s ghuhSkd;wj;jpy;
Nritahw;wpa xUtiuj; njhpT nra;Njhk;.
mg;NghJ vdJ gpujhd mjpfhhpfs; Xb te;J nklk; Vd; jkpoh; xUtiu njhpT nra;jPh;fs;
vdf; Nfl;ldh;. mg;gNghJ jkpoh; gpur;rpidnahd;W Vw;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy (73 Mk; Mz;L)
,t;thwhd xU epiyik midj;J mur mYtyfq;fspYk; cUthf;fpapUe;jJ. gpd;dh; ,g;
gpur;rpid njhlh;ghf ehd; Njlj; njhlq;fpNdd;.
ehd; vdf;Fj; Njitg;gLfpd;w jifik cs;stiuj;jhd; Njh;e;njLj;Njd;. mg;NghJ
ehd; xU khf;rp];l; vdJ khf;rp] rpe;jidAld; jpizf;fsq;fspy; jiyapl;L Njlj;
njhlq;fpNdd;. kpff; FiwthfNt jkpoh;fs; fhzg;gl;ldh;.
khfhz rigfSf;F fhzp nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg;gLtjdhy; ghhpa gpur;rpidfs; khfhz rigfSf;F fhzp nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg;gLtjdhy; ghhpa gpur;rpidfs;
vOtjhf ghJfhg;Gr; nrayhsh; cl;gl gyh; $Wfpd;wdh;. ,jw;F VJk; mbg;gil cz;lh?vOtjhf ghJfhg;Gr; nrayhsh; cl;gl gyh; $Wfpd;wdh;. ,jw;F VJk; mbg;gil cz;lh?
ghJfhg;Gr; nrayhsh; ,Jgw;wpf; fw;ftpy;iy. kpfr; rkPgj;jpNyNa mjpfhug; gfph;T
gw;wp Nfs;tpg;gl;bUg;ghh;. Xt;nthUtuJ ngah;fisf; Fwpg;gpl Ntz;ba Njitapy;iy.
murhq;fj;jpd; fw;wwpe;j gy mikr;rh;fs; mJ mt;thwy;y vdg; gjpyspj;Js;shh;fs; my;yth?
vdJ fUj;Jk; mJNt. mJ gw;wp ed;whf gj;jphpiffspYk; fUj;Jf;fs; ntspte;jd. me;
egh;fSf;F NtW egh;fis <LgLj;jp jpl;bj; jPu;j;jJk; ,e;j murhq;fk; jhd;.
MdhYk; nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg;gLtjhff; $wptpl;L njw;fpy; te;J jhf;Ftjw;F
mjpfhukpy;iy jhNd.
mth;fsJ eltbf;iffis epUtfpf;fpd;w nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; kl;Lk; jhd;
41C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
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ehk; gjtpNaw;wTlNdNa vy;.
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fye;J nfhz;L 8 khjq;fspy;
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Aj;jk; rkhjhdnkhd;why;
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ehKk; Aj;jk; Ghpe;Njhk;.
mth;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk;. (gpujp nghyp]; kh mjpgu; tlf;fpypUe;J) Neubahf kj;jpa murpd;
nghyp]; kh mjpguhfj;jhd; ,q;F tUthh;. tlf;fpid epUtfpf;Fk; nghyp]; Kjy;tuhf
mth;jhd; ,Ug;ghh;. ,q;Fs;s nghyp]; kh mjpgNu ,w;F jhd; KOg;nghWg;igAk; Vw;ghu;.
vdNt mtu;fs; mQ;RtJ Nghy elf;Fkh?
eilKiwapid ehk; ghh;g;Nghk;> mt;thwhdnjhd;W ,yq;ifapy; eilngw;Ws;sjhy;>
mijr; nra;tjhapd; vy;.hP.hP.< jhd; nra;Js;sJ. ,uhZtj;jpidg; gad;gLj;jp vy;.
uP.uP.<. jhf;Fjiy elj;jtpy;iy. mq;F jkf;nfd gpuj;jpNafkhf ,uhZtnkd;iw
cUthf;fpj;jhd; jhf;fpdhh;fs;. ehk; ftdkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lnkd;gJ cz;ik jhd;.
MapDk; ehk; mjidr; rhpahf Ma;T nra;Nthkhapd; rpy ehLfspy; njhifahfr; nry;tJ
Nghy; nghyprpypUe;Njh ,uhZtj;jpypUe;Njh xUth; $l vy;.uP.uP.< cld; ,ize;J
nfhs;stpy;iy my;yth?
rphpahtpy; ,uhZtj;jpdh; murhq;fj;jpw;F vjpuhf fpsu;r;rpahsu;fSld; tifnjhifapdu;
nry;fpd;wdu;. ,yq;ifapy; xU NghJk; mt;thW elf;ftpy;iy.
ehd; nrhy;tJk; nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; tiuaWf;fg;gl;Lj;jhd; toq;f Ntz;Lk;. ehd; nrhy;tJk; nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; tiuaWf;fg;gl;Lj;jhd; toq;f Ntz;Lk;.
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vkJ rpq;fsth;fs; tlf;F fpof;F gpuNjrq;fSf;Fr; nrd;W mth;fisj; jhf;fp jPapl;Lf;
nfhSj;jp tPLfis vhpf;Fk; NghJk; mbj;J nehWf;fp ntl;b nfhiy nra;Ak; NghJk; mth;fs;
mQ;Rtjpy; epahakpy;iyah? jw;NghJ rkhjhdk; cUthfpAs;s #oypYk; ghJfhg;Gg;
gphpTfSld; njhlh;ghd rpyh; jkpo; tpjitg; ngz;fs; kPJ ghypay; gyhj;fhuk; Gupfpd;wdu;.
Aj;jk; Kbtile;J xU tUlk; fopfpd;w NghNj 13"14"15 taJila ngUk;ghyhd rpWkpfs;
fUTw;wpUe;jhh;fs;.
mjdhy;> ,t;thwhd Fw;wr; nray;fisj; jLg;gjw;fhf vq;fsJ Ml;fisg; Nghl;L
vkf;Fs; xU nghypir cUthf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W nrhy;tJ mePjpah?
gpujp nghyp]; kh mjpgupd; fl;lisg;gbNa mth;fs; Nkw;ghh;it nra;ag;gLthh;fs;.
mg;NghJ gioa vy;.hP.hP.< ,dh;fs; rpyiu Ml;Nru;f;f ,th;fSf;Fj; Njitg;gLk;. mJ
ed;whf Muha;e;J rpe;jpj;J Nkw;nfhs;sg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
mg;NghJ Ml;Nrh;f;Fk; NghNj fl;Lg;ghL xd;W Vw;gLk;. tlf;fpd; midj;J ,lq;fspYk;
,uhZtk; cs;sJ. cz;ikapy; rptpy; eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;gth;fNs nghyprhh;.
Nghyprhiu Aj;jj;jpw;Fg; gad;gLj;JNthk; vd vdJ Ml;rpapd; NghJ mikr;rh; uj;tj;j
mth;fs; vd;Dld; thjpl;lhh;. ehd; mij kWj;Njd;. gy tUlq;fs; ,t;thW kWj;jd;
gpd;G ,Wjpapy; ehd; mDkjpaspj;Njd;. gpd;dh; Vw;fdNt ,Uf;fhj Coy; nghyprpYk;
GFe;jJ. ,jd; fhuzkhf fle;j fhyq;fspy; ,lk;ngw;wtw;iw jw;NghJ ctkhdkhff;
nfhs;s KbahJ. vy;.hP.hP.< ,af;fkhf cUthfp ghhpa Aj;jnkhd;iwr; nra;Ak; epiyikf;F
tsh;r;rpaile;j Ntisapy; tlf;fpy; ,uhZtk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. vdNt ,th;fshy;
Rje;jpukhf xd;W Nru Kbe;jJ. tlf;fpy; nghyp]; epiyaq;fs; kpfr; rpwpa mstpy;
fhzg;gl;lJld; nghyp]; mjpfhhpfs; xU rpyNu mq;F ,Ue;jdh;. Kiwahf MAjq;fs; $l
toq;fg;gltpy;iy.
jw;NghJ cyfj;jpNyNa cs;s kpfr; rf;jp tha;e;j MAjq;fs; (ngUk;ghyhdit ehd;
tutioj;J toq;fpait) rfpjk; Kg;gilfspd; Kfhk;fs; vy;yh ,lq;fspYk; ,Uf;Fk;
NghJ tl khfhz rigf;Fg; nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg;gl;lhYk; vt;thW mth;fs;
jhf;Fthh;fs;? ahh; kWj;jhYk; ehd; rthy; tpLfpNwd;. 83 Mk; Mz;L fWg;G [Piy ,lk;
ngwtpy;iynad;W $w KbAkh? 58 Mk; Mz;by; jkpo; kf;fisj; jhf;ftpy;iy vdf; $w
KbAkh? Aj;jk; Kbtile;j gpd; rpiwg;gpbj;j rptpypad;fshd kf;fSf;F ,t; murhq;fk;
gy;NtW ,d;dy;fisf; nfhLf;ftpy;iynadf; $w KbAkh?
MfNt mk; kf;fs; jkJ gpujpepjpfis rdehaf Kiwapy; njhpT nra;a> khfhz rigfs;
ghuhSkd;w gpujpepjpj;Jtj;jpd; fPo; Fiwe;jJ vk;ikg; ghJfhf;fpd;w vk;ikj; jhf;fhj xU
nghypir ehk; itj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd;W $WtJ epahakpy;iyah? MapDk; Kd;G
$wpathNw mg; nghypRk; epUtfpf;fg;gLk;. Njitahapd; ehd; kfpe;j uh[gf;\Tf;F me;j
epUtfpf;Fk; KiwapidAk; jpl;lj;ijAk; toq;fj; jahh;.
42 C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
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fhzp nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fis toq;f tpy;iynad;w Fw;wr;rhl;L ,Uf;fpwJ.fhzp nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fis toq;f tpy;iynad;w Fw;wr;rhl;L ,Uf;fpwJ.
rpq;fs kf;fs; Nfl;fhkNyNa khfhz rig Kiw nfhz;Ltug;gl;lNj mjw;fhd
fhuzkhFk;. rpq;fs kf;fs; Nfl;fhkNyNa khfhz rigfs; gyte;jkhf nfhz;Ltug;gl;ld
vd jw;NghJ nghJgy Nrdh> [hjpfn`y cWka Mfpa ,U jPtputhjf; fl;rpfSk; ,yq;if
Rje;jpuf; fl;rpapYs;s rpy jPtpu thjpfSk; $Wfpd;whh;fs;. vdNt> khfhz rigfs;
Kw;whf xopf;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkd;Wk; $Wfpwhh;fs;. tpky; tPutd;r Nghd;NwhUk; mt;thNw
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,uz;bw;Fk; ;xU rjj;ijNaDk; toq;fhjJjhd; N[.Mh;. [ath;jd nra;j kpff; Nftykhd
nray;.
gpd;dh; mjid mopg;gjw;fhd vQ;rpa Ntiyfisg; gpughfud; nra;J Kbj;jhh;. tlf;F
fpof;Fg; gpur;rpidf;Fj; jPh;thff; jhd; cz;ikapNyNa khfhz rigfs; 13tJ jpUj;jj;jpd;
fPo; nfhz;L tug;gl;lJ. mt;thW nra;tjhapd; Vida khfhz rigfSf;Fk; toq;FtJ
rpwe;jJ. mjpfhuj;ijg; gfph;tJ NkYk; rpwe;jJ vd;gjdhy; jhd; mJ mt;thW toq;fg;gl;lJ.
vdJ murhq;fk; tlf;F fpof;F khfhzq;fs; ,d;wp Vida khfhzq;fSf;Fg; vdJ murhq;fk; tlf;F fpof;F khfhzq;fs; ,d;wp Vida khfhzq;fSf;Fg;
Nghypahf vy;yh mjpfhuq;fisAk; toq;fp tlf;F fpof;fpw;F vJTNk toq;fhky; Nghypahf vy;yh mjpfhuq;fisAk; toq;fp tlf;F fpof;fpw;F vJTNk toq;fhky;
itj;jpUg;gJ epahakw;wJ. mJ jhd; gpujhd fhuzk;.vg;NghjhtJ tlf;F fpof;fpy; itj;jpUg;gJ epahakw;wJ. mJ jhd; gpujhd fhuzk;.vg;NghjhtJ tlf;F fpof;fpy;
Aj;jj;ij epWj;jp kPz;Lk; mjpfhug; gfph;nthd;iw Nkw;nfhz;lhy; mJ midtUf;Fk; Aj;jj;ij epWj;jp kPz;Lk; mjpfhug; gfph;nthd;iw Nkw;nfhz;lhy; mJ midtUf;Fk;
ey;yJ vd mjdhy; jhd; ehd; $wpNdd;. eilngw Ntz;ba ,lj;jpy; toq;fhky; ey;yJ vd mjdhy; jhd; ehd; $wpNdd;. eilngw Ntz;ba ,lj;jpy; toq;fhky;
Vidath;fSf;F kl;Lk; toq;Ftjpy; mh;j;jkpy;iy. Vidath;fSf;F kl;Lk; toq;Ftjpy; mh;j;jkpy;iy.
mjpfhug; gfph;T vd;w fyhrhu r%fkag;gLj;jg;gl;l epajpr;rl;lq;fs; jhd; khfhz
rigfSf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jitahFk;. epajpr;rl;lq;fisj; jahupj;jy; tpNrlkhf
tlNky; khfhzj;jpy; Vida khfhzq;fis tplTk; Kd;dzpapy; cs;sJ. ,f;
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Jtq;fpaJ.
43C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
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rigfsplk; fhzg;gl;ld. fy;tp> Rfhjhuk; vd;gd njhlh;ghf mth;fs; ghupastpy;
gzpahw;wpdhh;fs;.
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UNP Muk;gpj;J itj;j xd;whFk;. Ke;jpa murhq;fj;jpy; gjtp tfpj;j ngUk;ghyhd
mikr;rh;fs; Rfhjhu> fy;tp mikr;rh;fs; mth;fsJ mjpfhuq;fis mjpfhpj;Jj; jUkhW
ve;NeuKk; Nfhupdhu;fs;. khfhz rigfspd; fPo; fhzg;gl;l ghlrhiyfs; kw;Wk;
itj;jparhiyfis kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpd; fPo; nfhz;L tu mikr;ruitf;F Nahrid
njhptpj;jdh;. ,it midj;ijAk; ehd; epuhfhpj;Njd;. ehd; xU NghJk; mtw;wpw;F
,lkspf;ftpy;iy.
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rigfSf;F toq;Ftjw;F rl;lq;fisf; nfhz;LtUtjw;F ehd; ,lkspf;ftpy;iy.
,yq;ifapd; Muk;g mjpfhug; gfph;Tf;fhd rl;lq;fisf; khfhz rigfspd; ,yq;ifapd; Muk;g mjpfhug; gfph;Tf;fhd rl;lq;fisf; khfhz rigfspd;
mjpfhuj;ijf; $l toq;fg;glhJ khfhz rigj; Njh;jy;fis elhj;jg; Nghfpd;wdh;. mjpfhuj;ijf; $l toq;fg;glhJ khfhz rigj; Njh;jy;fis elhj;jg; Nghfpd;wdh;.
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epyTfpwJ.
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mth;fs; $Wfpd;wdh;. ,yq;if murhq;fk; mjpfhuq;fis toq;fpdhy; ,e;jpa jkpo;
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Vd; 13 MtJ jpUj;jj;ij toq;f Kbahnjd;gNj mth;fsJ Nfs;tp MFk;.
,e;j 13 MtJ murpayikg;gpid tYtilar; nra;aTk; NkYk; mjpfhug; gfph;it ,e;j 13 MtJ murpayikg;gpid tYtilar; nra;aTk; NkYk; mjpfhug; gfph;it
toq;fTk; vy;vy;Mh;rP toq;fTk; vy;vy;Mh;rP (LLRC)(LLRC) Mizf;FO gupe;Jiu nra;Js;sJ. Aj;jj;jpd; gpd; Mizf;FO gupe;Jiu nra;Js;sJ. Aj;jj;jpd; gpd;
Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l vy;vy;Mh;rP Mizf;FOtpd; ve;jtpj ghpe;JiufSk; mKy;gLj;jg;glhj xU Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l vy;vy;Mh;rP Mizf;FOtpd; ve;jtpj ghpe;JiufSk; mKy;gLj;jg;glhj xU
epiyikNa cs;sJ. ,J gw;wp cq;fSila fUj;J ahJ? epiyikNa cs;sJ. ,J gw;wp cq;fSila fUj;J ahJ?
mij kfpe;j uh[gf;\tplk; jhd; Nfl;f Ntz;Lk;. mJ mtuhy; epakpf;fg;gl;l Xh;
Mizf;FOthFk;. mJ ntWk; gfpbf;fhf cUthf;fg;gltpy;iy. kf;fspd; epjpapid
tpuakhf;fp Mizf;FOtpid cUthf;fpdhy; mjid eilKiwg;gLj;jj; jhNd
Ntz;Lk;. mij eilKiwg;gLj;JtJ gw;wp [dhjpgjp mwpe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
17MtJ murpayikg;G jpUj;jr; rl;lj;ij ,y;yhnjhopj;J 18 MtJ murpayikg;Gj; 17MtJ murpayikg;G jpUj;jr; rl;lj;ij ,y;yhnjhopj;J 18 MtJ murpayikg;Gj;
jpUj;jr; rl;lj;ij mKy;gLj;Jk; NghJ 13 MtJ murpayikg;G jpUj;jr; rl;lj;jpd; jpUj;jr; rl;lj;ij mKy;gLj;Jk; NghJ 13 MtJ murpayikg;G jpUj;jr; rl;lj;jpd;
mjpfhuq;fs; vt;tsT J}uk; eilKiwr; rhj;jpakhdJ vd;gJ gw;wp cq;fsJ fUj;J mjpfhuq;fs; vt;tsT J}uk; eilKiwr; rhj;jpakhdJ vd;gJ gw;wp cq;fsJ fUj;J
vd;d? vd;d?
17 Njit vdTk; 18 ,y;yhnjhopf;fg;gl Ntz;LnkdTk; ehd; $WfpNwd;. 17 If;
nfhz;Lte;jJ ehd; jhd;. ,th;fisg; Nghy; ehd; Nghypahf Mizf; FOf;fis
epakpf;ftpy;iy. gyuJ fUj;Jf;fisg; ngw;W Mokhfr; rpe;jpj;Jj; jhd; ehk; mijf; nfhz;L
te;Njhk;.
13MtJ jpUj;jKk; 17 MtJ jpUj;jKk; rkhe;jukhfr; nrd;why; rhjfkhd Kbtpidg; 13MtJ jpUj;jKk; 17 MtJ jpUj;jKk; rkhe;jukhfr; nrd;why; rhjfkhd Kbtpidg;
ngw;Wf; nfhs;syhk; vd ePq;fs; fUJfpwPh;fsh?ngw;Wf; nfhs;syhk; vd ePq;fs; fUJfpwPh;fsh?
rhpahfr; nrhd;dPh;fs;. mJ mt;thW jhd; elf;Fk;.
44 C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013r kh jh d Neh f; F
vkJ rpq;fsth;fs; tlf;F
fpof;F gpuNjrq;fSf;Fr; nrd;W
mth;fisj; jhf;fp jPapl;Lf;
nfhSj;jp tPLfis vhpf;Fk;
NghJk; mbj;J nehWf;fp ntl;b
nfhiy nra;Ak; NghJk; mth;fs;
mQ;Rtjpy; epahakpy;iyah?
jw;NghJ rkhjhdk; cUthfpAs;s
#oypYk; ghJfhg;Gg; gphpTfSld;
njhlh;ghd rpyh; jkpo; tpjitg;
ngz;fs; kPJ ghypay; gyhj;fhuk;
Gupfpd;wdu;. Aj;jk; Kbtile;J
xU tUlk; fopfpd;w NghNj
13"14"15 taJila ngUk;ghyhd
rpWkpfs; fUTw;wpUe;jhh;fs;.
mjdhy;> ,t;thwhd Fw;wr;
nray;fisj; jLg;gjw;fhf
vq;fsJ Ml;fisg; Nghl;L
vkf;Fs; xU nghypir cUthf;f
Ntz;Lk; vd;W nrhy;tJ
mePjpah?
,yq;ifapYs;s jw;Nghija murpay; fl;rpfspy; [dehafk; cz;L vd ePq;fs; ,yq;ifapYs;s jw;Nghija murpay; fl;rpfspy; [dehafk; cz;L vd ePq;fs;
epidf;fpwPh;fsh? ,yq;if Rje;jpuf; fl;rp xU [dehaf murpay; fl;rpah? epidf;fpwPh;fsh? ,yq;if Rje;jpuf; fl;rp xU [dehaf murpay; fl;rpah?
Mk; ,d;W tiu ,yq;if Rje;jpuf; fl;rp [dehaff; fl;rpNa Rje;jpu ,yq;ifapy;
fhzg;gl;l fhzg;gLfpd;w Mff; $Ljyhd [dehafj;ijAila fl;rp ,yq;if Rje;jpuf;
fl;rp vd ehd; vdJ gfpuq;f fye;Jiuahly;fspYk; gfpuq;f NkilfspYk; $wpAs;Nsd;.
Nfhs;ifapdbg;gilapy; xU NghJk; Ml;fisf; nfhiy nra;ahj (vkf;Fr; rhjfkhd
Kiwapy;) xU fl;rp vkJ fl;rp. If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rpAk; jkpo; kf;fisf; nfhd;whh;fs;. ehk;
xU NghJk; mt;thW nra;atpy;iy.
,yq;ifapd; khf;rp] fl;rpfspuz;Lk; $l mt;thW nra;atpy;iy. fk;a+dp];l; ehLfspy;
Kd;ndhU fhyj;jpy; mt;thwhd tplaq;fs; ,lk;ngw;wd. Mdhy;> vkJ ehl;by; mt;thW
eilngwtpy;iy. mJ cz;ikahFk;.
jkpo; fl;rpfSk; vy;.hP.hP.< ,af;fKk; kdpjh;fis nfhiy nra;Js;sdh;. vkJ
fl;rpapy; ve;NeuKk; kpfTk; [dehaf KiwapNyNa mjpfhhpfs; epakpf;fg;gl;lhh;fs;.
,uz;lhz;LfSf;nfhU Kiwjhd; fl;rpapd; jiyth; $l njhpT nra;ag;gl;lhh;. ehDk;
vdJ mk;khTk; mg;ghTk; ;62 tUlq;fs; fl;rpapd; jiyikg; gjtpia tfpj;Njhk;. vd;W
,uz;lhz;LfSf;nfhU Kiw my;yJ %d;whz;LfSf;F xU jlit ahg;gpw;F Vw;g
thf;nfLg;G %yNk jiyth; njhpT nra;ag;gl;lhh;. jw;NghJ fl;rpapy; me;j [dehafk;
ngaustpNyNa cs;sJ. Mdhy; Nghypahf thf;nfLg;G elhj;Jfpwhh;fs; kf;fis
kpul;Lfpwhh;fs;. fl;rpapd; ahg;gpy; jw;NghJ me;j [dehafk; ngaustpy; klLNk
fhzg;gLfpwJ. MapDk; eilKiwg;gLj;j tpLtjpy;iy. vkJ ehLk; murpayikg;Gr;
rl;lj;jpw;F Vw;g [dehaf ehL vdf; $Wfpwhh;fs;. MdhYk; [dehafj;ij eilKiwg;gLj;j
tpLtjpy;iy my;yth? Nts;is Ntd;> kpul;Ljy;> gaKWj;Jjy;> nfhiy vd;gd
epyTfpwJ. Mt;thW fl;rpf;Fs;Sk; ,it eilngwj; Jtq;FfpwJ. Gjtpf;F te;jTlNdNa
vd;Dld; fijf;f Ntz;lhk; vd midj;J ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdh;fisAk; [dhjpgjp
mr;RWj;jpdh;. jw;NghJ mth;fs; vd;idf; fz;lTld; gae;J xope;J tpLfpwhh;fs;. MdhYk;
,ufrpakhff; fijf;fpwhh;fs;. fijj;jth;fis tutioj;J VrpapUf;fpwhh;. kq;fs rkutPu
,jw;F xU rpwe;j cjhuzk;.
fpuhkj;jpYs;s fl;rp mq;fj;jth;fs; midtUk; xd;wpize;Nj njhFjpapd; mjpfhuf; fpuhkj;jpYs;s fl;rp mq;fj;jth;fs; midtUk; xd;wpize;Nj njhFjpapd; mjpfhuf;
FO cUthfpwJ. njhFjpapd ;mjpfhuf;FO tpUk;Gfpd;wth;fs; jhd; Njh;jy; mNgl;rfuhf FO cUthfpwJ. njhFjpapd ;mjpfhuf;FO tpUk;Gfpd;wth;fs; jhd; Njh;jy; mNgl;rfuhf
epakdk; ngWthh;. jw;NghJ ,U fl;rpfSk; fPo; kl;lj;jpypUe;Nj Nky;Nehf;fp gpujpepjpfisj; epakdk; ngWthh;. jw;NghJ ,U fl;rpfSk; fPo; kl;lj;jpypUe;Nj Nky;Nehf;fp gpujpepjpfisj;
njhpT nra;tjw;Fg; gjpyhf fl;rpj; jiyth; my;yJ fl;rpj; jiytp tpUk;Gk; egh;fs; njhpT nra;tjw;Fg; gjpyhf fl;rpj; jiyth; my;yJ fl;rpj; jiytp tpUk;Gk; egh;fs;
njhFjp Vw;ghl;lhsh;fshf epWj;jg;gLfpwhh;f;s. mjd;NghJ cs;sf [dehafk;> jkJ fl;rp njhFjp Vw;ghl;lhsh;fshf epWj;jg;gLfpwhh;f;s. mjd;NghJ cs;sf [dehafk;> jkJ fl;rp
mq;fj;jth;fs; jkJ gpujpepjpfisj; njhpT nra;Ak; chpik vd;gd ,uz;L fl;rpfspYk; mq;fj;jth;fs; jkJ gpujpepjpfisj; njhpT nra;Ak; chpik vd;gd ,uz;L fl;rpfspYk;
,y;yhnjhopf;fg;gLfpwJ. [dehaff; fl;likg;G xd;W fhzg;gl;lhy; ,jid tplTk; ,y;yhnjhopf;fg;gLfpwJ. [dehaff; fl;likg;G xd;W fhzg;gl;lhy; ,jid tplTk;
ntw;wpaspf;Fky;yth?ntw;wpaspf;Fky;yth?
rl;lhPjpahf ,yq;if Rje;jpu fl;rpf;Fs; Fwpj;j mf; fl;likg;G fhzg;gLfpwJ
vdJ flrpapy; 62 Mz;L fhyk; jiyth;fshf ,Ue;j NghJ ehk; jiyaPLfis
Nkw;nfhs;stpy;iy. rpy Vw;ghl;lhsh;fs; mth;fsJ njhFjpfspy; mijr; nra;jhh;fs;.
ngUk;ghd;ikahdth;fs; fpisr;rq;fq;fspy; ,Ue;Nj njupthfpdu;. midtUk;
miof;fg;gl;L mth;fs; epakpf;fg;gl;lhh;fs;.
ehd; fl;rpapd; jiytpahf ,Uf;Fk; tiu fl;rpapd; fpisfspy; cj;jpNahfj;jh;fis
epakpf;fg;gLtJ [dehaf hPjpahf ,lk; ngw;wJ.
[dehafk; tYtilAk; gl;rj;jpy; flrpapd; jiyikj;Jtj;jpw;F vJTNk $w KbahJ.
fl;rpj; jiyikf;Fk; [dehaf hPjpahf chpik cz;L. vth; rhh;gpyhtJ Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl ,U
rhuhUf;Fk; chpik cz;L. vth; rpwe;jtNuh mtUf;F kf;fs; thf;fspg;gh;. (96 Mk; Mz;L
[_d; tiuf;Fk; fl;rpapd; ahg;G ,JthFk;)
[dehaf hPjpapyhd fyhrhunkhd;W Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lhy; ,t; midj;J gpur;rpidfSf;Fk;
jPh;T fpilf;Fk;. ,yq;ifapy; kl;Lky;y ,e;jpahtpYk; ,Nj gpur;rpid fhzg;gLfpwJ
epr;rakhf [dehaf Kiwik tpUj;jp nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ cz;ikNa.
45C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013 r kh jh d Neh f; F
khfhz rigfs; nts;is ahid vd;gJ
epahakw;wJepahakw;wJ
mikr;ru;> Nguhrpupau; jp];] tpjhuz
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tl khfhz rigj; Nju;jy; gpufldg;gLj;jg;gl;lJk; khfhzrig tl khfhz rigj; Nju;jy; gpufldg;gLj;jg;gl;lJk; khfhzrig
Kiwikf;Fk; nghJthf 13 tJ murpayikg;G jpUj;jj;Jf;nfjpuhfTk; Kiwikf;Fk; nghJthf 13 tJ murpayikg;G jpUj;jj;Jf;nfjpuhfTk;
ehLKOtJk; Mu;g;ghl;lq;fisf; fhzKbfpwJ. 1987 ,ypUe;j ehLKOtJk; Mu;g;ghl;lq;fisf; fhzKbfpwJ. 1987 ,ypUe;j
vjph;g;Gf;Fk; jw;NghJs;s vjph;g;Gf;Fk; VjhtJ NtWghLfs; vjph;g;Gf;Fk; jw;NghJs;s vjph;g;Gf;Fk; VjhtJ NtWghLfs;
cs;sdth?cs;sdth?
1987 ,d;gpd;dh; ePz;lfhyk; fle;J tpl;lJ. vkf;F ,J njhlh;gpy;
ngUk; mDgtk; cs;sJ. md;iwa vjph;g;Gf;F mbg;gil ,Ue;jJ.
fhuzk; mjw;fpUe;j ,e;jpahtpd; Neub jiyaPlhFk;. md;W ,e;jpa-
,yq;if xg;ge;jk; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l Kiw njhlh;gpy; ,d;Wk;
vkJ njspthd vjph;g;G cs;sJ. Mdhy; mjd; %yk; Ngr Kaw;rpj;j
gpur;rid kw;Wk; mjw;F toq;fpa jPh;T njhlh;gpy; vk;kplk; ghuhl;Nl
cs;sJ. ,t;thwhd mjpfhug;gfph;T Kiwik njhlh;ghfTs;s
vjph;g;Gf;fhd mbg;gil vd;d vd;gjidf;$l vd;dhy; Ghpe;Jnfhs;s
KbahJs;sJ. 1927 fhyg;gFjpapy; S.W.R.D.gz;lhuehaf;f mth;fs;
midj;J gpui[fSf;Fk; rkkhd chpikfis ghJfhg;gjhapd;
fPo; kl;lj;jpy; mjpfhuk; gfpug;gl Ntz;Lnkd Kd;nkhope;jhh;.
mth; cz;ikapNyNa ehk; vz;Ztij tplTk; mg;ghy; nrd;W
,jid Nehf;fpdhh;. jw;NghJs;s khfhz rigfSf;Fk; mg;ghy;
nrd;W mjpfhuk; gfpug;gl;l myFfisf; nfhz;like;j $l;lhl;rp
murpayikg;igNa mth; Kd;nkhope;jhh;. Muk;gj;jpypUe;Nj
Njrpa xw;Wikia fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhf ,J Njitahd
eltbf;ifnad (mjpfhug;gfph;T) ngUk;ghyhNdhh;
fUjpajidNa ,jd;%yk; fhzKbfpwJ. ,jid
$LjyhNdhh; Vw;Wf;nfhz;lJld; “mjpfhug;gfph;T myF”
njhlh;gpy; rpy fUj;J NtWghLfs; ,Ue;jJ. myFfs; nghpaJ
46 C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013r kh jh d Neh f; F
,dg;gpur;rid njhlh;ghd
fye;Jiuahly; ePz;lfhykhf
ele;jJ. mg;NghJ N[.Mu;.
[ath;j;jd [dhjpgjp mjw;F
VjhtJ nra;aNtz;LnkDk;
epiyg;ghl;Lf;F te;jhh;.
mjd;NghJ ,e;jpahTld;
cld;gLtijj; jtpu NtW
khw;Wj;jPh;T ,Uf;ftpy;iy.
,e;jpa -,yq;if
xg;ge;jj;jpD}lhf ed;ik
fpilf;ftpy;iynad;W
vtuhYk; thjpl KbAnkd;W
ehd; epidf;ftpy;iy.
mf;fhyj;jpy; ,sk; MAj
FOf;fshfg; gpugykile;jpUe;j
<Nuh];> Gnshl;> E.P.R.L.F, E.P.D.P Nghd;w FOf;fs;
,e;jpa - ,yq;if
xg;ge;jj;jpD}lhf Vw;gl;l
tha;g;gpdhNyNa [dehaf
topf;F te;jd.
vd;gjdhy; khtl;l kl;lj;Jf;Fr; nry;y
Ntz;Lnkd rpyh; epidj;jhh;fs;. ,d;Dk;
rpyh; khfhz kl;lj;jpy; mjpfhuk; gfpug;gl
Ntz;Lnkd Kd;nkhope;jhh;fs;. ,f;fUj;J
NtWghLfSf;fpilapy; 1983 ,y; jkpo;
kf;fSf;nfjpuhf ,dthjj;ijj; J}z;b
Nkhrkhd mdh;j;jk; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
cz;ikapNyNa vkJ ehL Nkhrkhd
epiyapypUe;jNghJ ,e;jpah jiyaPL
nra;jJ. ,dg;gpur;rid njhlh;ghd
fye;Jiuahly; ePz;lfhykhf ele;jJ.
mg;NghJ N[.Mu;. [ath;j;jd [dhjpgjp
mjw;F VjhtJ nra;aNtz;LnkDk;
epiyg;ghl;Lf;F te;jhh;. mjd;NghJ
,e;jpahTld; cld;gLtijj; jtpu NtW
khw;Wj;jPh;T ,Uf;ftpy;iy. ,e;jpa
-,yq;if xg;ge;jj;jpD}lhf ed;ik
fpilf;ftpy;iynad;W vtuhYk; thjpl
KbAnkd;W ehd; epidf;ftpy;iy.
mf;fhyj;jpy; ,sk; MAj FOf;fshfg;
gpugykile;jpUe;j <Nuh];> Gnshl;>
E.P.R.L.F, E.P.D.P Nghd;w FOf;fs;
,e;jpa - ,yq;if xg;ge;jj;jpD}lhf
Vw;gl;l tha;g;gpdhNyNa [dehaf topf;F
te;jd. jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfs; kl;Lk;
[dehaf topf;F tuhky; njhlh;r;rpahf
jkJ MAjg; Nghuhl;lj;ij Kd;nfhz;L
nrd;wdh;. me;jg; Nghuhl;lKk; jw;NghJ
Kbtile;Js;sJ. fle;j fhyj;jpd;
frg;ghd mDgtj;ijg; ngw;w midj;J
jug;gpw;FKhpa jkpo; kf;fs; ,e;j ehl;bd;
gpui[fshf Xh; ,yq;ifauhf nraw;glj;
jahuhf cs;s NeukpJ.
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mjpfhug;gfph;tpw;Fk; vjph;g;G njhptpg;gjd;
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Kw;Nghf;fhdjhf ehd; ghh;f;ftpy;iy.
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khfhz kf;fSf;fhf nrytpl Ntz;ba
NjitfSf;fhfNt nrytplg;gLfpwJ.
mjw;F Nkyjpfkhf al;bahe;Njhl;il
Nghd;w nfhOk;Gf;F ntspNaAs;s
gFjpia vd;dhy; cjhuzkhff; fhl;l
KbAk;. mjd; murpay; mjpfhu rigapd;
jiyth; ehNd. mjdhy; mg;gFjpapd;
mgptpUj;jp njhlh;gpy; vdf;F gue;j
mwpTs;sJ. vdJ khkdhuhd vd;.vk;.
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mile;jjd; gpd;dh; mjd; mgptpUj;jpfs;
rPh;Fiye;jd. Mdhy; khfhz rig
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Njh;jypy; Njhy;tp mile;J tpLNthNkh
vd;W gae;jhtJ khfhz rigg; gpujpepjpfs;
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epjpf@lhf XusT Nrit fpl;baJ vd;gJ
ntspg;gilahdJ.
Mdhy; NkYnkhU jug;gpdh; Mdhy; NkYnkhU jug;gpdh;
khfhzrig KiwikA+lhf nra;af;$ba khfhzrig KiwikA+lhf nra;af;$ba
Nritfis eph;thf gd;Kfg;gLj;jY}lhf Nritfis eph;thf gd;Kfg;gLj;jY}lhf
Nkw;nfhs;syhnkd thjpLfpd;wdNu? Nkw;nfhs;syhnkd thjpLfpd;wdNu?
me;j Kiwikapd; ed;ik jPikfis
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cs;sJ. kf;fsplj;jpy; tPz; gak;
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khehl;bD}lhf 127 $l;lq;fs; %yk; 17
murpay; fl;rpfs; xd;WNrh;e;J Ngr;Rthh;j;ij
elhj;jpd. gpd;dh; 13 fl;rpfs; xd;WNrh;e;J
xU epiyg;ghl;Lf;F te;jJ. ,e;j
KiwikapYs;s rpw;rpy FiwghLfis
rPuhf;fp NkYk; Kd;Ndhf;fpg; gazpf;fyhk;
vd;gJ vkf;F njspthfpwJ. ehd;
rpwe;j cjhuzk; xd;iw cq;fSf;Ff;
fhl;Lfpd;Nwd;. Vw;fdNt> 13tJ jpUj;jj;jpy;
nghyp]; mjpfhuKk; cs;slq;FfpwJ.
midj;J khfhzq;fSf;Fk; mjw;Fhpa
nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fis mKy;gLj;jtjhapd;
mjw;Fhpa epajpr; rl;lq;fisj; jahhpf;f
Ntz;Lk; Mdhy; vkf;F xU tplak;
njspthdJ. midj;J khfhzrigfspYk;
nghyp]; Mizf;FO ,Ug;gJ
Njitaw;wnjdTk; nghyp]; Mizf;FO
47C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013 r kh jh d Neh f; F
rh;t fl;rpg; gpujpepjpfs;
khehl;bD}lhf 127 $l;lq;fs;
%yk; 17 murpay; fl;rpfs;
xd;WNrh;e;J Ngr;Rthh;j;ij
elhj;jpd. gpd;dh; 13
fl;rpfs; xd;WNrh;e;J xU
epiyg;ghl;Lf;F te;jJ. ,e;j
KiwikapYs;s rpw;rpy
FiwghLfis rPuhf;fp NkYk;
Kd;Ndhf;fpg; gazpf;fyhk;
vd;gJ vkf;F njspthfpwJ.
ehd; rpwe;j cjhuzk; xd;iw
cq;fSf;Ff; fhl;Lfpd;Nwd;.
Vw;fdNt> 13tJ jpUj;jj;jpy;
nghyp]; mjpfhuKk;
cs;slq;FfpwJ. midj;J
khfhzq;fSf;Fk; mjw;Fhpa
nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fis
mKy;gLj;jtjhapd;
mjw;Fhpa epajpr; rl;lq;fisj;
jahhpf;f Ntz;Lk;
(Njrpa nghyp]; Mizf;FO) ,Ug;gJ
NghJkhdnjd;gJ njspthdJ. ehk;
mt;thwhd eilKiwr; rhj;jpakhd
eltbf;iffis vLj;J ,yFgLj;Jtjw;fhf
Kaw;rpf;Fk;NghNj ,g;gbahd mbg;gilaw;w
vjph;g;Gf;fs; cUthf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
vy;yhUf;fk; njhpe;jJ Nghd;Nw khfhz
rig Kiwikf;Fhpa 13tJ jpUj;jj;jpD}
lhf mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s %d;W
mjpfhug;glbay;fs; cs;sd. khfhz>
xJf;fpa> xUq;fpia vd;wthW
khfhzrig Kiwikf;Fhpa ngUk;ghyhd
eltbf;iffs; ,e;j xUq;fpiag; gl;bay;
fhuzkhfNt rPh;Fiyfpd;wd. vd;gJ vkJ
mtjhdpg;Gf;fs; %yk; cWjp nra;ag;gl;lJ.
kj;jpa muR khfhzrig Mfpa ,uz;Lk;
xd;whf gad;gLj;j $banjd;gjdhy;
epr;rakw;w jd;ikfhzg;gLtNj
mjw;Ff; fhuzkhFk;. ePq;fs; xU
tplaj;ij kwf;ff;$lhJ. ,e;j
mjpfhug;gfph;T Kiwik xw;iwahl;rp
fl;likg;Gf; fikaNt ,e;ehl;by;
mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. mt;thwhd
mjpfhug;gfph;T nraw; ghl;bd;NghJ
mjhtJ xw;iwahl;rp Kiwapy; vg;NghJk;
jpl;lkply; mjpfhuk; (Planing Power) kj;jpa
murplk; ,Ug;gJld; khfhzrigfsplk;
,uz;lhk; epiy mjpfhuk; (Subsidiary Power) ,Uf;Fk;. ,t;thwhd epiyapy;
,e;j mjpfhug;gfph;T rl;lj;jpw;fika kj;jpa
muR khfhz rigfis fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;.
mjd;gb tPz; gaNk Vw;gLj;jg;gl;bUg;gJ
vd;gJ njspthfpwJ.
jkpo; Njrpa $l;likg;G Ml;rpf;F jkpo; Njrpa $l;likg;G Ml;rpf;F
te;jhy; jw;NghJs;s mjpfhuq;fs; gphptpid te;jhy; jw;NghJs;s mjpfhuq;fs; gphptpid
Nehf;fpa gazj;Jf;F VJthf mikAk; Nehf;fpa gazj;Jf;F VJthf mikAk;
,Ug;gpDk; ,J njhlh;ghf fUj;J vd;gJ rpy ,Ug;gpDk; ,J njhlh;ghf fUj;J vd;gJ rpy
murpay; thjpfspd; Fw;wr;rhl;lhf ,Uf;fpwJ murpay; thjpfspd; Fw;wr;rhl;lhf ,Uf;fpwJ
cz;ikapNyNa vk;kplk; XusT
mtjhdpg;Gldhd Ra Ghpe;Jzh;T
,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. jw;NghJs;s murpay;
gpd;dzp njhlh;ghf vdf;F ,aYkhd
vy;yh re;jh;g;gj;jpYk; tlf;F kf;fs;
njhlh;ghd gpur;ridfs; gw;wp fijf;f
Kaw;rpg;gJz;L. mz;ikapy; vdf;F
tha;g;G fpilj;jJ. Jaff na forum ,y;
eilngw;w tpthjj;jpy; gq;Fgw;wpNdd;.
mJ aho;g;ghzj;jpy; trpf;Fk;
njhopy;thz;ikahsh;fspd; kw;Wk;
nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs; mlq;fpa Gj;jp[Ptpfs;
mikg;ghFk;. mq;Nf mth;fs; ehl;bd;
Vida gpui[fisg; Nghd;Nw rkkhd
chpikfis mDgtpj;Jf;nfhz;L xNu
ehl;by; tho;tjw;F mth;fSf;Fs;s
tpUg;gj;ij kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; $w
Kaw;rpj;jdh;. gphptpid thjj;ij
fijj;jhy; ,r;rigia [dhjpgjpahy;
fiyj;Jtpl KbAk;. FUjp Njha;e;j
fle;jfhyj;ij kwe;J rkkhd Fbkf;fshf
mikjpahd murpay; Xl;lj;jpy;
EioAk; mth;fis gphptpidthjj;jpd;
gq;fhsh;fnsd;W $WtJ kpfTk;
fPo;j;jukhd murpay; je;jpukhFk;.
,Ug;gpDk; KjyhtJ tlfpof;F ,Ug;gpDk; KjyhtJ tlfpof;F
khfhz rigapd; Kjyikr;rh; jdpahd khfhz rigapd; Kjyikr;rh; jdpahd
<o muirg; gpufldk; nra;jjD}lhf <o muirg; gpufldk; nra;jjD}lhf
mt;thwhd fUj;J cWjpg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ mt;thwhd fUj;J cWjpg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ
my;yth?my;yth?
me;j fUj;jpd; %yfh;j;jhthd
tujuh[g; ngUkhs; mth;fis vdf;F
jdpg;gl;l Kiwapy; njhpAk;. mJkl;Lky;y
me;jr; rk;gtk; njhlh;gpy; mtUld;
fUj;Jg; ghpkhw;wKk; nra;Js;Nsd;. jhd;
mt;thW nra;tjw;fhd mjpfhuk; 13MtJ
jpUj;jj;jpD}lhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy vd;W
njhpe;Jitj;jpUe;jjhf mth; vd;dplk;
njspthff; $wpdhh;. Mdhy; jdJ
khfhzrig Kd;nkhopAk; ve;jnthU
mgptpUj;jp jpl;lj;Jf;Fk; kj;jpa murpd;
epjpnahJf;fPL toq;fhj epiyapy; NtW
vjidAk; nra;aKbahj epiyNa jdf;F
,Ue;jjhf mth; $wpdhh;. jd;Ds;
Vw;gl;l tpuf;jpia ntspg;gLj;Jk; Xh;
cj;jpNa mJthFk;. mjidtplTk;
ve;jnthU mjpfhuKk; ,y;yhj rigapd;
cz;ik epiyia FwpaPl;L hPjpahf
cyFf;F ntspg;gLj;Jtij mth;
vjph;ghh;j;jpUf;fyhk;.
ePq;fSk; cs;slq;fyhf Kf;fpakhd ePq;fSk; cs;slq;fyhf Kf;fpakhd
rpy mikr;rh;fs; 13 tJ jpUj;jj;ij rpy mikr;rh;fs; 13 tJ jpUj;jj;ij
kPz;Lk; khw;Wk; murpd; Kaw;rpf;F vjpuhf kPz;Lk; khw;Wk; murpd; Kaw;rpf;F vjpuhf
mzpjpus;tij ehk; fz;Nlhk;. ,J mzpjpus;tij ehk; fz;Nlhk;. ,J
$l;likg;G murpd; fl;rpg;nghWg;ig kPWtJ $l;likg;G murpd; fl;rpg;nghWg;ig kPWtJ
Mfhjh? Mfhjh?
cz;ikapy; ,J fl;rp xg;ge;jj;ij
kPWjyhfhJ. NkYk; NkYk; kfpe;j
rpe;jidia ,Wfg;gpbg;gjhFk;. ePq;fs;
mjid thrpAq;fs;. ,e; ehl;bYs;s
gpur;ridf;F Ngr;Rthh;j;ij %ykhf
jPh;T toq;Ftjhf mjpy; njspthf
Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjdhy; jhd; rh;t
fl;rpf;FO (APRC) Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ.
ehd; mjd; jiyth; MNdd;. APRC
48 C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013r kh jh d Neh f; F
gphptpid thjj;ij
fijj;jhy; ,r;rigia
[dhjpgjpahy; fiyj;Jtpl
KbAk;. FUjp Njha;e;j
fle;jfhyj;ij kwe;J
rkkhd Fbkf;fshf
mikjpahd
murpay; Xl;lj;jpy;
EioAk; mth;fis
gphptpidthjj;jpd;
gq;fhsh;fnsd;W $WtJ
kpfTk; fPo;j;jukhd murpay;
je;jpukhFk;.
nraw;ghl;ilj; njhlh;e;J Kd;nfhz;L
nry;yNtz;Lnkd;gNj vkJ nghJthd
Kd;nkhopthFk;. Mdhy; mJ mt;thW
elf;ftpy;iy. jw;NghJ epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;s
ghuhSkd;w njhpTf;FOf;$l cUthf;fg;gl
Ntz;Lnkd;W ehNk APRC Clhf
Kd;nkhope;jpUe;Njhk;.
,Ug;gpDk; mt;thW epakpf;fg;gl;l ,Ug;gpDk; mt;thW epakpf;fg;gl;l
ghuhSkd;w njhpTf;FOtpy; $l cq;fsJ ghuhSkd;w njhpTf;FOtpy; $l cq;fsJ
gpujpepjpj;Jtk; ,y;iy my;yth?gpujpepjpj;Jtk; ,y;iy my;yth?
vdf;Fk; mJ njhlh;gpy; ngUk;
Mr;rhpak;jhd;. ,J njhlh;ghf murhq;fk;
elhj;jpa Clf re;jpg;gpd;NghJ rh;tfl;rpf;
FOit Kd;nfhz;L nry;tjhapd;
midthpdJk; xj;Jiog;G Njit vdTk;
mjd;gb mj;Jld; ,ize;Jnfhs;SkhW
midj;J fl;rpfSf;Fk; miog;G
tpLg;gjhfTk; njspthff; $wg;gl;lJ.
,t;thwhd murpay; vjph;fhyj;ijf;$l
mh;g;gzpg;G nra;Js;Nshk;. mNjNghd;W
rkrkh[f; fl;rp ,lJrhhp fl;rp vd;whPjpapy;
,e;j ehl;bd; ,dg;gpur;ridf;F murpay;
jPh;T toq;f Ntz;LnkDk; epiyg;ghl;by;
khw;wk; nra;atpy;iy. mjw;Fk; Nkyhf
ehd; ghuhSkd;w njhpTf;FOtpd; (APRC)
jiytuhf ,Uf;fpNwd;. mg;gbahd
gpd;dzpapy; ehd; mjpy; ,y;yhjpUg;gJ
njhlh;gpy; Mr;rhpag;gLtjidj;jtpu
nra;tjw;F Ntnwhd;Wkpy;iy.
mJkl;Lky;y 08 ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdh;fs;
gpujpepj;Jtk; nra;Ak;> ,e;ehl;bd; gpujhd
,dnkhd;iw gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk;
rpwpyq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; jiytUk;
,jpy; ,y;iy. mJTk; ngUk; mjprakhd
epiyikjhd;.
,e;j epyikia nghJkf;fshd ,e;j epyikia nghJkf;fshd
ehk; vt;thW tpsq;fpf;nfhs;tJ? ,J ehk; vt;thW tpsq;fpf;nfhs;tJ? ,J
mjpfhuj;ij gfph;e;jspf;fhkypUg;gjw;f;fhd mjpfhuj;ij gfph;e;jspf;fhkypUg;gjw;f;fhd
mwpFwpah?mwpFwpah?
midj;J fUj;Jf;fisAk;
gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;j Ntz;LnkDk;
epiyg;ghl;il iftpl;L jkJ fUj;Jf;fis
kl;Lk; Kd;nfhz;Ltu Ntz;Lk; vDk;
gaq;fukhd epiyf;F ,jd; %yfh;j;jhf;fs;
te;jpUg;gjhf vdf;Fj; njhpfpwJ. mjd;
ngWNgw;iw mDgtpf;f mth;fs;
jahuhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. jkpo; Njrpa
$l;likg;G> If;fpa Njrpa fl;rp> kf;fs;
tpLjiy Kd;dzp Nghd;w murpay;
fl;rpfs; Vw;fdNt jkJ gpujpepj;Jtj;ij
toq;FtJ njhlh;ghf njsptpd;wp
cs;sdh;. ,f;FOtpd; KOikaw;w
gpujpepjpj;JtNk mf;Fog;gj;Jf;Ff;
fhuznkd epidf;fpNwd;. ,jd;NghJ
ghuhSkd;w rk;gpujhak; $l kPwg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,JNghd;w Njrpa kl;lj;jpyhd
gpur;rid njhlh;ghf fijf;Fk;NghJ
ghuhSkd;wj;ij gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk;
midj;Jf; fl;rpfSf;Fk; tha;g;G
toq;FtJ ghuhSkd;w rk;gpujhakhFk;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf Njh;jy; Kiw jpUj;jk;
nra;jYf;fhf mikf;fg;gl;l jpNd];
Fzth;j;jd FOtpy; ehDk; cWg;gpduhf
cs;Nsd;. mf;FO$l APRC Clhf
Kd;itf;fg;gl;l Kd;nkhopNt. Vida
APRC cWg;gpdh;fspd; tpUg;Gf;fikaNt
ehd; Fwpj;j Njh;jy; FOtpy; gpujpepjpj;Jtk;
nra;Njd;. ,jid cz;ikahd
ghuhSkd;w njhpTf;FOthf vtUk; Vw;Wf;
nfhs;thh;fnsd ehd; epidf;ftpy;iy.
mJ ntWkNd murpd; Ntiy kl;LNk.
,e;j epiyapy; vg;gb Njrpa If;fpaj;ij
fl;bnaOg;GtJ. ,jid jpUj;jk;
nra;tjw;fhd mwpT tpiuthf muRf;F
Vw;glNtz;Lnkd ehd; gpuhh;j;jpf;fpNwd;.
Mff; Fiwe;jJ APRC apypUe;j Kiwik>
fl;likg;igahtJ ,jDld; xg;gpl;Lg;
ghh;g;gJk; jw;Nghija fl;lha Njit
vd;gjid $whky; ,Uf;f KbahJ.
13;MtJ murpayikg;Gj; jpUj;jk; 13;MtJ murpayikg;Gj; jpUj;jk;
njhlh;ghf ePq;fs; vOg;Gk; vjph;g;ig njhlh;ghf ePq;fs; vOg;Gk; vjph;g;ig
njhlh;r;rpahf Kd;nfhz;L nry;yKbAnkd njhlh;r;rpahf Kd;nfhz;L nry;yKbAnkd
ePq;fs; fUJfpwPh;fsh? 18MtJ ePq;fs; fUJfpwPh;fsh? 18MtJ
murpayikg;G jpUj;jj;Jf;F vjpuhfTk; gyh; murpayikg;G jpUj;jj;Jf;F vjpuhfTk; gyh;
ntspg;gLj;jpa vjph;g;G ,Wjpapy; mth;fSk; ntspg;gLj;jpa vjph;g;G ,Wjpapy; mth;fSk;
mjw;F ifAjh;j;JtJlNd Kbtile;jJ.mjw;F ifAjh;j;JtJlNd Kbtile;jJ.
,J njhlh;gpy; vkf;F ngUk; ek;gpf;if
cs;sJ. ehL gw;wpa czh;T ,Uf;Fkhapd;
Njrpa xw;Wikia fl;bnaOg;g Ntz;baJ
kpf Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. ehk; nghWikahf
el;Gzh;Tld; nraw;gl Ntz;Lk;.
kPz;Lk; ehl;by; mopT Vw;glhjpUf;f
Ntz;Lnkdpd; ,g;NghJ ehkidtUk;
ifNfhh;j;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j
nraw;ghl;il gpd;js;Sk; Nehf;fnkJTk;
vk;kplkpy;iy. ,Ug;gpDk; xU tplaj;ij
,q;Nf Qhgfg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. mLj;j
tUlk; jkpo; ehl;by; Njh;jy; elhj;jg;gl
cs;sJ. rpy Gyk;ngah; jkpoh;fs; fLk;
,dthjpfs;. mth;fis jkf;Nfw;wthW
gad;gLj;Jtjw;F fhydpj;Jtthjpfs;
ngUk; Kaw;rpapyPLgLfpd;wdh;.
vdNt mth;fSf;F MAjk; (tha;g;G)
49C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013 r kh jh d Neh f; F
toq;Ftjw;f;F ehk; mtrug;glf;$lhJ.
ehKk; ,e;j murpay; ajhh;j;jj;ij
mwpe;Jjhd; ,e;j vjph;g;igf; fhl;LfpNwhk;.
ePq;fs; ePq;fs; APRCAPRC eltbf;ifapd; eltbf;ifapd;
,Wjpapy; jdpahd gupe;Jiufis ,Wjpapy; jdpahd gupe;Jiufis
jp];] tpjhuz Kd;nkhopTfs; jp];] tpjhuz Kd;nkhopTfs;
vDk; ngahpy; rkh;g;gpj;jPh;fs;. Vida vDk; ngahpy; rkh;g;gpj;jPh;fs;. Vida
,dq;fis gpujpepj;Jtg;gLj;jf;$bathW ,dq;fis gpujpepj;Jtg;gLj;jf;$bathW
Jiz [dhjpgjp gjtp cUthf;fg;gl Jiz [dhjpgjp gjtp cUthf;fg;gl
Ntz;Lnkd Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjpfhu Ntz;Lnkd Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjpfhu
gfph;T kw;Wk; epiwNtw;W [dhjpgjp gfph;T kw;Wk; epiwNtw;W [dhjpgjp
Kiwikf;fpilapYs;s njhlh;ig ePq;fs; Kiwikf;fpilapYs;s njhlh;ig ePq;fs;
vg;gb ghh;f;fpwPh;fs;?vg;gb ghh;f;fpwPh;fs;?
,J njhlh;ghf xNu epiyghNl
vk;kj;jpapYs;sJ. epiwNtw;W
[dhjpgjp gjtpf;nfjpuhf kpfg;ghhpa
Mh;g;ghl;lj;ij Kjw;jlitahf vkJ
fl;rpNa xOq;F nra;jJ. Njhou; vd;.
vk;. ngNuuh mJ njhlh;ghf rpwg;ghd
gFg;gha;it ntspapl;lhh;. gphpj;jhdpa
Kiwia gpd;js;sp mnkhpf;f Kiwia
fLikahff; fl;bg;gpbg;gjd; Mgj;ij mth;
ePz;lfhyj;Jf;F Kd;dNu fz;Lnfhz;lhh;.
,e;j Kiwikia ,y;yhnjhopf;f
Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW epiwNtw;W [dhjpgjp
Kiwia ePf;Fjy;> ehl;bd;; ey;yhl;rpia
fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;Fk;> epahakhd
gpujpepjpj;Jtj;ij midj;J r%fq;fSf;F
toq;Ftjw;fhd mbg;gilAk; Vw;gLk;.
,Ug;gpDk; jkJ gpur;ridfSf;F jPh;T ,Ug;gpDk; jkJ gpur;ridfSf;F jPh;T
ngWtjw;f;F ,yFthd top epiwNtw;W ngWtjw;f;F ,yFthd top epiwNtw;W
[dhjpgjp gjtp epiyj;jpUg;gNj vd;gJ [dhjpgjp gjtp epiyj;jpUg;gNj vd;gJ
,yq;if njhopyhsh; fhq;fpu]; Nghd;w ,yq;if njhopyhsh; fhq;fpu]; Nghd;w
fl;rpfspd; epiyg;ghL. fl;rpfspd; epiyg;ghL.
re;jh;g;gj;Jf;Nfw;wthW mth;fs;
rpytw;iw $wpdhYk;> ehl;bd;
ngUk;ghyhNdhh; epiwNtw;W
[dhjpgjp gjtpia ,y;yhky;
nra;aNtz;Lnkd;gjid Vw;Wf;nfhs;
thh;fs; vd;Nw epidf;fpNwd;.
nfhOk;gpYs;s xU eghplk; midj;J
mjpfhuq;fSk; Ftpe;jpUg;gNj
,k;Kiwikapd; xNunahU ngWNgwhFk;.
gpuNjr kl;lj;jpy; mjpfhug; gfph;tpd;NghJ
khfhz rig Kiwia gyg;gLj;j
Ntz;Lnkd;Nw APRC apdJk; ,Wjp
epiyg;ghlhf ,Ue;jJ. mf;fhyj;jpy; kf;fs;
tpLjiy Kd;dzp $wpa nfhOk;Gf;Fg;
ghy; fpuhkj;Jf;F nff;fhpf;fha; vDk;
nfhs;ifia ,y;yhkw; nra;tjhapd;
epiwNtw;W [dhjpgjpKiwf;F Mytl;lk;
gpbg;gjhy; mijr; nra;a KbahJ.
mg;gbahapd; epiwNtw;W [dhjpgjp mg;gbahapd; epiwNtw;W [dhjpgjp
Kiwikia ,uj;Jnra;tjw;fhf gy;NtW Kiwikia ,uj;Jnra;tjw;fhf gy;NtW
fl;rpfs;> Kd;dzpfs;> mikg;Gf;fshy; fl;rpfs;> Kd;dzpfs;> mikg;Gf;fshy;
nfhz;Ltug;gLk; gpNuuizfSf;F nfhz;Ltug;gLk; gpNuuizfSf;F
cq;fsJk; cq;fsJ fl;rpapdJk; cq;fsJk; cq;fsJ fl;rpapdJk;
xj;Jiog;G fpilf;Fkh?xj;Jiog;G fpilf;Fkh?
,jpy; ,uz;L gf;fq;fs; cs;sd.
xd;W ,k;Kiwf;nfjpuhf kf;fs;
kj;jpapYs;s vjph;g;G. mLj;jJ mjid
rhl;lhf itj;J Ml;rpf;F tUk; re;jh;g;gthj
murpay;. ,jid ,uj;J nra;tjw;f;F
re;jphpf;fh gz;lhuehaf;f Nghd;Nw kfpe;j
rpe;jidapYk; rgjkplg;gl;lJ. Nrhgpj Njuh;
vLf;Fk; Kaw;rp cz;ikahdjhfNt ehd;
ghh;f;fpNwd;. ,Ug;gpDk; vdJ jdpg;gl;l
fUj;J vd;dntd;why; epiwNtw;W
[dhjpgjp Kiwia ,uj;Jr;nra;J
cz;ikahd ,uh[je;jphpapd; ghj;jpuj;jpD}
lhf tuyhw;wpy; ,lk;ngWk; kpfr; rpwe;j
tha;g;G kfpe;j uh[gf;\ mth;fSf;F
cs;snjd;gNj. mth; mjid ,g;NghjhtJ
epiwNtw;Wthnud ngUk; vjph;ghh;g;Gld;
ghh;j;Jf;nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk;.
LLRC LLRC gupe;Jiu %yk; ,e;ehl;bd; gupe;Jiu %yk; ,e;ehl;bd;
murpay; fl;likg;ghdJ fPo;kl;lj;jpyhd murpay; fl;likg;ghdJ fPo;kl;lj;jpyhd
(gpuNjr kl;lj;jpy;) mjpfhug;gfph;T nra;ag;gl (gpuNjr kl;lj;jpy;) mjpfhug;gfph;T nra;ag;gl
Ntz;Lnkd fUj;J ntspaplg;gl;Ls;sJ. Ntz;Lnkd fUj;J ntspaplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
mt;thwhd Kw;Nghf;fhd nraw;ghLfis mt;thwhd Kw;Nghf;fhd nraw;ghLfis
eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd jahh;gLj;jy;$l eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd jahh;gLj;jy;$l
ePq;fs; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk; murplk; ePq;fs; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk; murplk;
,y;iyj;jhNd?,y;iyj;jhNd?
,Jjhd; gpur;rid. vd;djhdpUe;jhYk;
ehk; Gj;jprhypj;jdkhf nraw;gl;lhy;
ey;y ngWNgW vkf;F fpilf;Fnkd;Nw
ehd; epidf;fpNwd;. ,y;yhtpl;lhy;
ghjfkhd tpisT Vw;gLk;
vd;gjdhNyNa vkJ tiuaiwapDs;
ehk; cah;e;jgl;rkhf mjw;F mOj;jk;
nfhLf;f jahuhfTs;Nshk;. ehk; jz;zPiu
tPRk;NghJ Foe;ijAk; tPRtJ Nghd;Nw
murhq;fk; ele;Jnfhs;fpwJ. Clf
nghWg;G epidj;Jghh;f;f KbahjsTf;F
juk; Fiwe;JNghAs;sJ. vkJ Kaw;rp
ehl;bd; vjph;fhyj;Jf;fhdNjad;wp
gpw;Nghf;fhd murpay; epfo;r;rp epuiy
nraw;gLj;Jtjw;f;fhdjy;y vd;gjid
midtUk; Ghpe;Jnfhs; Ntz;Lk;.
Fwpg;G :
kQ;Rs f[dhaf;fkQ;Rs f[dhaf;f
ehd; ghuhSkd;w
njhpTf;FOtpd;
(APRC) jiytuhf
,Uf;fpNwd;. mg;gbahd
gpd;dzpapy; ehd; mjpy;
,y;yhjpUg;gJ njhlh;gpy;
Mr;rhpag;gLtjidj;jtpu
nra;tjw;F
Ntnwhd;Wkpy;iy.
mJkl;Lky;y 08 ghuhSkd;w
cWg;gpdh;fs; gpujpepj;Jtk;
nra;Ak;> ,e;ehl;bd;
gpujhd ,dnkhd;iw
gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk;
rpwpyq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu];
jiytUk; ,jpy; ,y;iy.
mJTk; ngUk; mjprakhd
epiyikjhd;.
50 C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013r kh jh d Neh f; F
khfhz rig Kiwik kw;Wk; nghJtpy; 13MtJ murpayikg;Gf;nfjpuhf jw;NghJ khfhz rig Kiwik kw;Wk; nghJtpy; 13MtJ murpayikg;Gf;nfjpuhf jw;NghJ
Vw;gl;Ls;s vjph;g;ig ePq;fs; vt;thW ghh;f;fpwPh;fs;?Vw;gl;Ls;s vjph;g;ig ePq;fs; vt;thW ghh;f;fpwPh;fs;?
mf;fhyj;jpy; ,e;jpah - ,yq;if xg;ge;jj;Jf;nfjpuhf gaq;fukhd epyikNa
,yq;ifapy; epytpaJ. khfhz rigj; Njh;jypy; Kjypy; thf;fspf;Fk; Ie;J NgUf;F
kuzk; vd N[.tp.gp mwptpj;jJ. mjid tplTk; md;Wk; ,d;Wk; ,Ue;j vjph;g;Gfs;
mjpfkhFk;. ,d;Ws;s vjph;g;G jpBnud Vw;gl;lnjd $w ehd; tpUk;;gtpy;iy. ,J
njhlh;ghd tpthjk; r%fj;jpy; njhlh;r;rpahfNt ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; ,d;Ws;s ajhh;j;jj;ij
ehk; Kf;fpakhf ftdpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,e;jpa ,yq;if xg;ge;jj;jpy; ,e;jpahtpd; rpw;rpy
tpUg;gq;fs; ,Ue;j NghjpYk;> ,d;Ws;s vjph;g;ig epahag;gLj;Jk; thjq;fSld;
vd;dhy; xj;Jg;Nghf KbahJ. mLj;J ftdpf;f Ntz;ba tplak; ,e;jpahtpd;
nry;thf;fpdhy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;ljdhy;
epuhfhpf;f Ntz;Lnkd;gJ. ,J kpfTk;
eifr;RitahdJ. vkJ KO murpay;
tuyhWk; ntspehl;L nry;thf;Fldhd
epiyikahFk;. 1833 ,ypUe;J 1978
tiuapYk;> mjw;Fg; gpd;dUk; Vw;gl;l
midj;J murpay; rPh;jpUj;jq;fSf;Fk;
gpd;dhy; ,Ue;jJ ,e;j murpay;
kakhf;fg;gl;l Kiwjtwpa gpwg;Gf;fNs
md;wp NtnwtUkh? fdthd; murpay;
fyhr;rhuj;ij gpwg;gpf;ff;$ba fUg;ig
xU fhyj;jpYk; ,Uf;fhj gpd;dzpapy;
,e;jpa ,yq;if xg;ge;jjij jpl;bj;jPh;g;gJ
Nftykhd xU murpay; vd;gNj vdJ
jdpg;gl;l fUj;jhFk;. cz;ikapNyNa
tpkytPu jp]hehaf;ffy;tp mikr;ru;fpof;F khfhz rig
Phot
o so
urce
: w
ww
.ep.
gov.
lkGw;Wf;Fs; ,Ug;gJ vd;dntd;W njhpahky;
Gw;Wf;F gag;gLtJ Nghd;wNj 13 gak;
Mf
51C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013 r kh jh d Neh f; F
,e;ehl;by; cz;ikahd r%f murpay;
Njhw;wk; ngwf;$ba murpay; fyhr; rhuj;ij
kPsikg;gjw;f;fhf midtUk; ,iztNj
,d;W ,lk;ngw;wpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
,e;j murpay; ajhh;j;ij gpd;js;sp
rpy;yiwj;jdkhd jdJ mDjhgpfs;
$l;lj;ij re;Njhrg;gLj;Jk; Kaw;rpapy;
<Lgl [hjpf;f nfy cWka cl;gl ,d;Dk;
rpy fl;rpfs; jPh;khdpj;Js;sd. mjd;gb
mth;fs; gjpd;%d;whtJ jpUj;jj;Jf;F
vjpuhd vjph;g;ghdJ kpfTk; jdJ
mDjhgpfs; $l;lj;ij vd;gijf; $wpahf
Ntz;Lk;.
,dKuz;ghl;L rpf;fypy; kpfTk; ,dKuz;ghl;L rpf;fypy; kpfTk;
Kf;fpakhd khfhzj;jpd; fhzp Kf;fpakhd khfhzj;jpd; fhzp
mikr;ruhf ePq;fs; ,Uf;fpwPh;fs;. mikr;ruhf ePq;fs; ,Uf;fpwPh;fs;.
Njh;jy; %yk; kPz;Lk; njhlf;fg;glTs;s Njh;jy; %yk; kPz;Lk; njhlf;fg;glTs;s
tlkhfhz rigf;F fhzp> nghyP]; tlkhfhz rigf;F fhzp> nghyP];
mjpfhuk; toq;Fjy; njhlh;gpyhd mjpfhuk; toq;Fjy; njhlh;gpyhd
ciuahly; kpfTk; #lhdJ. mJ <oj;Jf;F ciuahly; kpfTk; #lhdJ. mJ <oj;Jf;F
ghij mikf;Fnkd;gJ rpyhpd; fUj;J. ghij mikf;Fnkd;gJ rpyhpd; fUj;J.
jw;NghJ ehk; Nfl;Fk; murpay;
Njtijf; fijfspy; kpfTk;
eifr;RitahdNj mJ. ahuhtnjhUth;
Fw;wkpioj;Jtpl;L VjhtnjhU
khfhzj;Jf;F jg;gpr; nrd;why; mtiu
xUNghJk; gpbf;f KbahnjdTk;
mt;thwhd re;jh;g;gj;jpy; me;j
khfhzj;jpd; tpUg;G Kf;fpakhdnjdTk;
mz;ikapy; rpy Clfq;fspy; ghh;j;Njd;.
n`y cWka cl;gl;l rpy fl;rpfs; vOg;Gk;
thjk; vt;tsT gpw;Nghf;fhdJ vd;gJ
,dpNky; cq;fSf;F njhpatUk;.
13MtJ jpUj;jj;Jf;fika Fwpj;j
khfhz nghyPRf;F nghWg;ghd gpujp
nghyp];kh mjpgh; epakdk; mbg;gilapy;
Njrpa nghyP]; Mizf;FOtpdhNyNa
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. mjpYs;s
ngUk;ghyhNdhh; [dhjpgjpapd;
gpujpepjpfshfNt fUjg;glyhk;.
mt;thwhapd; mth;fs; jkJ [dhjpgjpapd;
tpUg;gj;Jf;F khwhf nraw;gLthh;fnsd
vd;dhy; epidf;f KbahJ. mLj;j
tplak; khfhzrig Muk;gj;jpy;
epWtg;gl;l tlfpof;F khfhz
rigapd; KO eph;thfKk; ,e;ehl;bd;
Kd;dhs; [dhjpgjpfs; ,Uthpd;
tpUg;gj;Jf;fikaNt Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.
N[.Mh;.[ath;j;jdh> Mh;. gpNukjh]
MfpNahNu mth;fs;. mg;NghJ Njrpa
ghJfhg;Gf;F mr;RWj;jyhf $wg;gl;l
tujuh[g; ngUkhs; rk;gtj;jpy; [dhjpgjp
jdJ jw;JzpG %yk; ghJfhg;Gg; gilfis
<LgLj;jp mq;F Vw;gl;l Fog;gj;ij
mlf;fpdhh;. ,J Xh; khah[hy mjpfhu
gfph;T. vg;NghJk; rpq;fs muRfs; mRu
fuq;fshy; midj;J mjpfhuq;fisAk;
itj;Jf;nfhz;bUg;gij jtpu
eLepiyahd nfhs;ifAld; jPh;it
toq;Ftjid ehk; fhztpy;iy.
vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf fpof;F khfhz
rigia epidj;Jg; ghUq;fs;. kf;fs;
,iwikapdhy; njhpT nra;ag;gl;l
kf;fs; gpujpepjpfs; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ
MSdh; ifitf;fhj VjhapDk; ,e;j
khfhzj;jpy; ,Uf;fpwjh? ,jid ehapd;
Ntiyia fOij nra;tnjd;W $WtJ
mtiu mtkhdg;gLj;Jtjw;fhfty;y
cz;ikia ntspg;gLj;Jj;Jtjw;f;fhfNt
vd;gjidf; ftdpf;f Ntz;Lk;. mth;
epiwNtw;W mjpfhuKila [dhjpgjpapd;
gpujpepjpahf mth; cUthf;fpa
ty;yikapdhNyNa ,jidr; nra;fpwhh;.
mt;thwpd;wp mytp nksyhdh Nghd;Nwh
,jw;F Kd;dh; Nky;khfhzj;jpypUe;j
ngUikf;Fhpa MSdh;fs; Nghd;W
kf;fs; ,iwikf;F jiyrha;j;J khfhz
eph;thfj;Jf;F xj;Jioj;J Gfo;kpf;f
MSduhf tuyhw;wpy; ,izAk; Mh;tk;
mtUf;fpy;iy. ,Nj epiy tlf;fpYk;
Vw;gLkhdhy; Vw;glf;$ba epiyia
ePq;fNs Cfpj;Jf; nfhs;tJ Kf;fpakhdJ.
ePq;fs; fpof;F khfhz fhzp> fy;tp ePq;fs; fpof;F khfhz fhzp> fy;tp
mikr;rh; mjw;Fhpa gpNuuizfs; mikr;rh; mjw;Fhpa gpNuuizfs;
Nghd;wtw;iw epiwNtw;wpf; nfhs;tjd; Nghd;wtw;iw epiwNtw;wpf; nfhs;tjd;
%yk; tplaj;Jf;Fhpa mjpfhuq;fis %yk; tplaj;Jf;Fhpa mjpfhuq;fis
gad;gLj;Jtjw;F cq;fSf;fpUf;Fk; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F cq;fSf;fpUf;Fk;
jilfs; vit?jilfs; vit?
fpof;F khfhzrigf;F ngUikAld;
njhpT nra;ag;gl;l gpujpepjpfshf ehk;
jPh;f;fNtz;bapUe;j gy gpur;ridfs;
,Ue;jd. gy rthy;fs;. mit
fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLk;NghJ XusT fhyk;
fle;JtpLfpwJ. cz;ikapNyNa fhzp
epajpr; rl;lj;ij jahhpg;gjw;Ff;$l
Njitahd fhyk; vkf;F gpur;ridahdJ.
,Ug;gpDk; vkf;Fhpa mjpfhuk;
kw;Wk; tiuaiwf;Fs; eltbf;if
vLg;gjw;F MSdh; jiyapLtJ
vdJ jdpj;Jtj;Jf;Fk;> nkhj;j
mf;fhyj;jpy;
,e;jpah - ,yq;if
xg;ge;jj;Jf;nfjpuhf
gaq;fukhd epyikNa
,yq;ifapy; epytpaJ.
khfhz rigj; Njh;jypy;
Kjypy; thf;fspf;Fk;
Ie;J NgUf;F kuzk;
vd N[.tp.gp mwptpj;jJ.
mjid tplTk; md;Wk;
,d;Wk; ,Ue;j vjph;g;Gfs;
mjpfkhFk;. ,d;Ws;s
vjph;g;G jpBnud
Vw;gl;lnjd $w ehd;
tpUk;;gtpy;iy.
52 C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013r kh jh d Neh f; F
fpof;FkhfhzjJf;Fk; mopthfNt
ehd; ghh;f;fpNwd;. fUj;J Nkhjy;fshy;
Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gLk; nghJf; nfhs;if %yk;
rpwe;j [dehafj;ij vjph;g;ghh;j;j ehk;
kf;fsJ tpUg;gk; vDk; ngUikia
%bitj;Jtpl;L Kd;dhs; gilajpfhhpapd;
mbg;gilaw;w mfq;fhuj;Jf;F Kfk;
nfhLf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ. kpf mz;ikapy;
,lk;ngw;w rk;gtk; yhFfy gFjpapy;
ghlrhiy xd;iw jpwe;jikahFk;.
jkJ gps;isfSf;F nghUj;jkhd
fy;tpia toq;fNtz;baJ mth;fsJ
chpik vd;gJ NghyNt fy;tp mikr;rh;
vDk; hPjpapy; vdJ nghWg;ghFk;.
jw;NghJs;s epiyapy; ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy;
35% tPjj;jpw;Ff; Fiwe;j gps;isfNs
ghlrhiyf;F nry;fpd;wdh;. nghUj;jkhd
Muk;g ghlrhiy gy iky;fSf;fg;ghy;
mike;Js;sJ. ghlrhiy thfdj;Jf;F
1200{- &gh nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;. tul;rpf;Fk;>
fhl;L ahidf;Fk; Kfk; nfhLj;J
,uit kuzg;gaj;Jld; fopf;Fk;
,e;j mg;ghtp kdpjh;fshy; mt;thW
ghlrhiy thfdj;Jf;F ngUe;njhifg;
gzj;ijr; nrYj;j KbAkh? vdNt
ehd; yhFfy ghlrhiyf;F nry;yhj
mg;ghtp gps;isfs; fy;tp fw;gjw;fhfr;
rpwpa Muk;g ghlrhiyia Muk;gpj;Njd;.
fpof;F khfhz MSdh; vd;d
nra;jhh; njhpAkh? cldbahf mjid
%btpl;lhh;. jw;NghJ me;j gps;isfspd;
rPh;Fiye;JNghd fy;tpf;F nghWg;G
$w Ntz;baJ cz;ikahd kf;fs;
gpujpepjpahd ehdh? ey;ypzf;f
murpaypd; njhlf;fj;ij vLf;f Ntz;ba
khfhz MSduh? ,e;j Nkhrkhd
ajhh;j;jj;ij njhpe;Jnfhs;shky; mjpfhuk;
murpayikg;gpy; cs;sJ vd;gjw;f;fhf
<ok; cUthFnkd $r;rypLtJ rpW
gps;isj;jdkhdJ. rpwg;ghf NtLt
kf;fspdJk; tpNrl md;Gf;Fhpa vd;idg;
Nghd;w rpq;fs mikr;rUf;Ff; $l ,g;gb
elf;Fkhapd; NtW khfhzq;fSf;F
mjpfhuj;ij gfph;tJ gw;wp vjidf;
fijg;gJ?
ePq;fs; $WtJNghy jkf;Fhpa ePq;fs; $WtJNghy jkf;Fhpa
mjpfhuj;ijf;$l nraw;gLj;j Kbahjhapd; mjpfhuj;ijf;$l nraw;gLj;j Kbahjhapd;
cz;ikapy; khfhz rig Njitjhdh? cz;ikapy; khfhz rig Njitjhdh?
NtW khw;W jPh;Tf;F nry;y Kbahjh?NtW khw;W jPh;Tf;F nry;y Kbahjh?
,q;Nf ntspg;gLtJ khfhz rig
Kiwikapd; ,ayhik my;y. jdpg;gl;l
murpay; epfo;r;rp epuypd; ntspg;ghNl.
mg;gbapy;yhtpl;lhy; Nky; khfhzj;jpNyh>
NtnwhU khfhzj;jpNyh cs;s
fy;tpaikr;ruhy; KbAkhf ,Ug;gJ Vd;
vkf;F kl;Lk; KbahjpUf;fpwJ. vDk;
gpur;ridf;Nf jPh;T fhz Ntz;Lk;.
vdf;F fPOs;s mYtyh;fs; MSdh;fspd;
cj;juTf;fikaNt nraw;gLthh;fshapd;>
gpd;jq;fpa gpuNjr ghlrhiynahd;wpy;
5 Mz;Lfshf epyTk; tpQ;Qhd
Mrphpahpd; ntw;wplj;ij vd;dhy; epug;g
Kbatpy;iyahapd; mjw;Ff; fhuzk;
13MtJ jpUj;jk my;y. kf;fspd;
czh;Tfis Ghpe;Jnfhs;s Kbahj
MSdNu fhuzk;. ,t;thwhd rpd;dr;
rpd;d tplaq;fspy; [dhjpgjp khw;wj;ij
Vw;gLj;jyhk;. mg;gb nra;ag;gl;lhy;
vjph;ghh;f;Fk; Nritia epiwNtw;Wtjpy;
jilapUf;fhJ.
khfhz rigfSf;nfjpuhd vjph;g;Gld; khfhz rigfSf;nfjpuhd vjph;g;Gld;
,ize;jjhf Vida ,dq;fSf;nfjpuhf ,ize;jjhf Vida ,dq;fSf;nfjpuhf
nraw;gLk; Nghf;Fk; ntspg;gLfpwJ. nraw;gLk; Nghf;Fk; ntspg;gLfpwJ.
,e;epiyia ePq;fs; vg;gbg; ghh;f;fpwPh;fs;? ,e;epiyia ePq;fs; vg;gbg; ghh;f;fpwPh;fs;?
“ehk; ghPl;irapy; rpj;jpaile;jhYk;
tho;f;ifapy; Njhy;tpaile;J tpl;Nlhk;”
vd;W. ehd; vg;NghJk; vtUf;Fk;
$wp tUfpNwd;. me;j tho;f;ifapy;
Njhw;wth;fNs ,dq;fSf;nfjpuhfj;
J}z;btpLk; nraw;ghl;bd; gpd;dzpapy;
cs;sdh;. midj;J caph;fSf;fhfTk;
ngUk; fUizia Nghjpj;j Gj;jngUkhd;
%ykhf kl;LNk caph;tij nra;jy;
ghtnkd Nghjpg;gjij ePq;fs; Nfs;tp
gl;Ls;sPh;fsh? mt;tsT tijf;fg;gl;L
gd;wp nfhy;yg;gLtjw;F vjpuhf Vd;
tPjpf;F ,wq;ftpy;iy. K];ypk;
kf;fs; gd;wp rhg;gplhikNa mjw;Fhpa
fhuzkhFk;. rpWghd;ik ,dq;fspd;
mjpfhuj;ij ,ad;wsT gwpj;njLg;gJld;>
K];ypk;fSf;nfjpuhf vjph;g;ig J}z;b
tpLtjhapd; n`y cWka> nghJgy Nrdh
Nghd;wtw;wpd; jiyth;fspd; guk;giu$l
Kd;NdwptpLk;. ,e;j vspa ajhh;j;jj;ij
tpsq;fpf;nfhz;L cz;ikahd murpay;
fyhrhuj;Jf;Fj; Njitahd mwpT
midtUf;Fk; fpilf;Fk; tiuf;Fk;
ehk; re;jpf;f Ntz;baJ ghhpa ,og;ghf
,Uf;Fk;.
Fwpg;G
kQ;Rs f[dhaf;fkQ;Rs f[dhaf;f
cz;ikapNyNa
fhzp epajpr; rl;lj;ij
jahhpg;gjw;Ff;$l
Njitahd fhyk;
vkf;F gpur;ridahdJ.
,Ug;gpDk; vkf;Fhpa
mjpfhuk; kw;Wk;
tiuaiwf;Fs;
eltbf;if
vLg;gjw;F MSdh;
jiyapLtJ vdJ
jdpj;Jtj;Jf;Fk;> nkhj;j
fpof;FkhfhzjJf;Fk;
mopthfNt ehd;
ghh;f;fpNwd;.
53C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013 r kh jh d Neh f; F
mr; re;jh;g;gj;jpy; murpay;
mjpfhuj;ijg; ngw;Wf;
nfhs;tjw;fhf k.tp.K.
fw;Wj; je;j ghlq;fspd;
KjyhtJ ghlk;” ,e;jpa Njr
tp];jupg;GthjkhFk; mjd;
%yk; ,e;jpa vjph;g;gpid
tpl jkpo; vjph;g;Ng r%fj;jpy;
gpugy;aile;jJ. “nghk;gha;
ntq;fhak;” “nghpa
ntq;fhakhf khw;wkile;jNj
xNunahU ,e;jpa
vjph;g;ghFk;. Njrpag; gpur;rpidAk; k.tp.K (N[.tp.gp) NahridfSk;
rl;lj;juzp v];.[P. GQ;rpN`th
“Njrpa gpur;rpidiaj; jPh;g;gjw;fhd xU Eiothapy;” vDk; ngahpy; kf;fs; tpLjiy
Kd;dzp jdJ Nahridfisj; njhptpj;Js;sJ. ,J tiu fz;Zf;nfl;lhj njhiytpy;
cs;s Nrh\yprj;jpd; %yk; jPh;nthd;wpd; kPJ ek;gpf;if itj;J jw;Nghija epiyik
njhlh;ghd Nahridfisj; njhptpg;gJ tuNtw;fg;gl Ntz;ba xd;whFk;.
“Njrpa gpur;rpidia ,dq;fhzy;” vDk; ,t; ntspaPl;bd; Kd;Diuapy; gpd;tUkhW
Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. “1957 y; ifr;re;jpl;l gz;lhuehaf;f – nry;tehafk; xg;ge;jk; Kjy;
1966 ,d; ll;yp – nry;tehafk; xg;ge;jk;> 1976 ,d; N[.Mh;. - mkph;jypq;fk; ,ufrpa
xg;ge;jk;> 1987y; uh[Pt; - N[.Mh; xg;ge;jk;> 2002 udpy; - gpughfud; xg;ge;jk; Mfpa midj;J
xg;ge;jq;fSk; Njrpag; gpur;rpidia rpf;fy;gLj;jpaNj jtpu> mjid kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk;
mjpfhpf;fr; nra;jNj jtpu> ,df;fytuq;fs; Kjy; ,dthj Aj;jk; tiu gpur;rpidia
mjpfhpf;fr; nra;jNj jtpu> mjidj; jPh;f;ftpy;iy”
mt; xg;ge;jq;fs; Njhy;tpaile;jw;fhd fhuzq;fisf; fz;lwpahky; mjd; gpd;dh;
Vw;gl;l epfo;Tfis kl;Lk; ghh;g;gjD}lhfNt ,t;thwhd xU Kbtpw;F tu KbAk;. kf;fs;
tpLjiy Kd;dzp Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l fhy fl;lq;fspy; 1957 kw;Wk; 1966 Mfpa ,uz;L
xg;ge;jq;fSk; mg;NghjpUe;j murhq;fq;fspdhy; xUjiyg; gl;rkhf kPwg;gl;bUe;jJ. njw;fpy;
fhzg;gl;l ,dthjr; rpe;jidfs; mjw;Ff; fhuzkhaike;jd vd;gJ njspthfpwJ. vr;
re;jh;g;gj;jpy; murpay; mjpfhuj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhf k.tp.K. fw;Wj; je;j ghlq;fspd;
KjyhtJ ghlk;” ,e;jpa Njr tp];jupg;GthjkhFk; mjd; %yk; ,e;jpa vjph;g;gpid tpl
jkpo; vjph;g;Ng r%fj;jpy; gpugy;aile;jJ. “nghk;gha; ntq;fhak;” “nghpa ntq;fhakhf
khw;wkile;jNj xNunahU ,e;jpa vjph;g;ghFk;.
,e;jpa kw;Wk; jkpo; vjph;g;gpdhy; gpur;rpid mjpfhpj;jNj xopa jPh;T fpilf;ftpy;iy.
,dp md;W mt;thnwdpd; ,d;W khwpapUg;gpd; mjpy; vJtpj jtWk; fpilahJ. mjid
Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; gl;rj;jpy; ,d;W Vw;gl;Ls;s khw;wk; ek;gpf;ifiag; ngWk; vd;gjpy;
re;Njfkpy;iy.
Kd;Diuapy; NkYk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sjhtJ “Njrpag; gpur;rpidf;F cz;ikapNyNa
54 C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013r kh jh d Neh f; F
kf;fs; rigapid Vw;gLj;Jk;
NahridNa N[.tp.gp. Nahridj;
jpl;lj;jpy; cs;s xU tpj;jpahrkhd
mk;rkhFk;. mJTk; jkpo; kf;fspd;
xj;Jiog;gpidg; ngWjYk;
eilKiwr; rhj;jpaKkhf cs;s
re;jh;g;gq;fspy; kl;LNk gpuhe;jpa
rigfs;> khfhz rigfis
tplTk; tpj;jpahrkhdnjdf;
$w KbAk;. ngUk;ghyhd njd;
gFjpf; fl;rpfs; Kd;itf;Fk;
Nahridfs; ,e;jpahtpidg;
Nghd;Nw NkNyapUe;J Rkj;Jfpd;w
NahridfNs jtpu> jkpo;
kf;fspd; tpUg;gj;jp;d; %yk; ngWk;
Ntiyj;jpl;lnkhd;W ,d;wp
eilngWtdthFk;. mt;thW
tpUg;gj;jpidg; ngw ey;ypzf;fk;
mj;jpahtrpakhFk;.
jPh;Tfhz KbAkhd Nrh\ypr r%f khw;wnkhd;Wf;fhfg; NghuhLfpd;w mNj rkak;
kWrPuikg;gpid ntd;nwLg;gjw;fhfg; NghuhLtjhFk;”. ,jid cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf
Kd;gpUe;j ,U Mz;LfSf;Fs;Sk; ,Ue;J nfhz;L ngw;Wf;nfhz;litfisAk; tpl
midj;J ,dq;fSk; ,oe;jitfs; jhd; vt;tsT? mt;thwhd> jtWfis Vw;Wf;nfhz;L
Gjpa xU nrad;Kiw Nehf;fp efh;tjpy; vJtpjj; jilAkpy;iy. MapDk; mt;thwhd xU
efh;tpid Nkw;nfhz;Ls;sjhf ntWk; mr;rplg;gl;l vOj;Jf;fspdhy; kl;Lk; tpsq;f itf;f
KbahJ. vjph;fhy eltbf;iffs; %yk; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gLkplj;J kf;fsJ ek;gpf;ifapid
ntd;nwLf;f KbAk;.
“tlf;F fpof;F kf;fs; vjph;Nehf;fpAs;s gpur;rpidfis milahsq; fhz;gjd; %yk; “tlf;F fpof;F kf;fs; vjph;Nehf;fpAs;s gpur;rpidfis milahsq; fhz;gjd; %yk;
,lk;ngah;e;jth;fspd; gpur;rpidfs; gw;wp Fwpg;gplg;gLk; tplaq;fs; kpf Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. ,lk;ngah;e;jth;fspd; gpur;rpidfs; gw;wp Fwpg;gplg;gLk; tplaq;fs; kpf Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.
MapDk; mit [dhjpgjpapdhy; epakpf;fg;gl;l “fw;w ghlq;fSk; ey;ypzf;fKk; gw;wpa MapDk; mit [dhjpgjpapdhy; epakpf;fg;gl;l “fw;w ghlq;fSk; ey;ypzf;fKk; gw;wpa
Mizf;FO mwpf;ifapd; 8 Mk; mj;jpahaj;jpYk; 9 MtJ mj;jpahaj;jpYk; 9.104 njhlf;fk; Mizf;FO mwpf;ifapd; 8 Mk; mj;jpahaj;jpYk; 9 MtJ mj;jpahaj;jpYk; 9.104 njhlf;fk;
9.108 tiu fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s ghpe;Jiufspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s tplaq;fSf;Fr; rkkhdjhFk;. 9.108 tiu fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s ghpe;Jiufspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s tplaq;fSf;Fr; rkkhdjhFk;.
“Aj;jj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fsJ gpur;rpidfs;” vd;gjd; fPo; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l tplaq;fs; “Aj;jj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fsJ gpur;rpidfs;” vd;gjd; fPo; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l tplaq;fs;
fw;Wf;nfhz;l ghlq;fs; Mizf;FOtpd; 9.86> 9.92 kw;Wk; 9.96 Mfpa ghpe;Jiufspy; fw;Wf;nfhz;l ghlq;fs; Mizf;FOtpd; 9.86> 9.92 kw;Wk; 9.96 Mfpa ghpe;Jiufspy;
Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sd. Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sd.
“tlf;fpy; rptpy; epUthfk; kw;Wk; [dehafj;ij epiy ehl;lhik” vd;w jiyg;gpd; fPo; “tlf;fpy; rptpy; epUthfk; kw;Wk; [dehafj;ij epiy ehl;lhik” vd;w jiyg;gpd; fPo;
cs;s tplaq;fs; fw;Wf; nfhz;l ghlq;fs; Mizf;FOtpd; ghpe;Jiufspy; 9.202 Kjy; cs;s tplaq;fs; fw;Wf; nfhz;l ghlq;fs; Mizf;FOtpd; ghpe;Jiufspy; 9.202 Kjy;
9.217 tiu kpfTk; tphpthd tpguq;fs; ghpe;Jiufs; rfpjk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. 9.217 tiu kpfTk; tphpthd tpguq;fs; ghpe;Jiufs; rfpjk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
mt;thNw “fhzpg; gpur;rpidfs;” njhlh;ghd Mizf;FOtpd; ghpe;Jiufs; 9..121 mt;thNw “fhzpg; gpur;rpidfs;” njhlh;ghd Mizf;FOtpd; ghpe;Jiufs; 9..121
Kjy; 9.152 tiu fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sd. mg; ghpe;Jiufs; tphpthd rhl;rpfs; kw;Wk; fw;wYf;fhd Kjy; 9.152 tiu fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sd. mg; ghpe;Jiufs; tphpthd rhl;rpfs; kw;Wk; fw;wYf;fhd
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L xd;W jpul;lg;gl;Ls;sJld; rdehafj;ijAk; ey;ypzf;fj;ijAk; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L xd;W jpul;lg;gl;Ls;sJld; rdehafj;ijAk; ey;ypzf;fj;ijAk;
cWjp nra;tJ mj;jpatrpakhFk;. N[.tp.gp. ntspaPl;by; mJ gw;wp Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s cWjp nra;tJ mj;jpatrpakhFk;. N[.tp.gp. ntspaPl;by; mJ gw;wp Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s
tplaq;fs; mt;tsT G+uzj;Jtk; ngwtpy;iy. tplaq;fs; mt;tsT G+uzj;Jtk; ngwtpy;iy.
“nkhopg; gpur;rpid” gw;wp fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s tplaq;fs; Mizf;FOtpd; 9.238 njhlf;fk; “nkhopg; gpur;rpid” gw;wp fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s tplaq;fs; Mizf;FOtpd; 9.238 njhlf;fk;
9.250 tiuahd ghpe;Jiufspy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s tplaq;fspd; xU kPs; ntspaPL Nghd;W 9.250 tiuahd ghpe;Jiufspy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s tplaq;fspd; xU kPs; ntspaPL Nghd;W
cs;sJ. cs;sJ.
kf;fs; rigapid Vw;gLj;Jk; NahridNa N[.tp.gp. Nahridj; jpl;lj;jpy; cs;s xU
tpj;jpahrkhd mk;rkhFk;. mJTk; jkpo; kf;fspd; xj;Jiog;gpidg; ngWjYk; eilKiwr;
rhj;jpaKkhf cs;s re;jh;g;gq;fspy; kl;LNk gpuhe;jpa rigfs;> khfhz rigfis tplTk;
tpj;jpahrkhdnjdf; $w KbAk;. ngUk;ghyhd njd; gFjpf; fl;rpfs; Kd;itf;Fk;
Nahridfs; ,e;jpahtpidg; Nghd;Nw NkNyapUe;J Rkj;Jfpd;w NahridfNs jtpu>
jkpo; kf;fspd; tpUg;gj;jp;d; %yk; ngWk; Ntiyj;jpl;lnkhd;W ,d;wp eilngWtdthFk;.
mt;thW tpUg;gj;jpidg; ngw ey;ypzf;fk; mj;jpahtrpakhFk;. mjd; nghUl;L jw;NghJ
rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;s fw;wghlq;fs; gw;wpa Mizf;FOtpd; ghpe;Jiufs; kpf Kf;fpakhFk;.
mg; ghpe;Jiufis mKy;gLj;JkhW murhq;fj;ij typAWj;jYk; kf;fSf;F mwpT+l;lYk;
ve;jnthU fl;rpapdhYk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl KbAkhd Xh; cd;djg; gzpahFk;. mg;
ghpe;Jiufis kPz;Lk; jkJ Nahridfshff; fhl;Ltjpy; jtwpy;iy. MapDk; mJ gw;wp
Fwpg;gplg;gLtjdhy; jdJ fsq;fkw;w jd;ik njhlh;ghd ek;gpf;if cWjp nra;ag;gLk;.
Aj;jk; rl;lq;fSk; rh;tNjr xg;ge;jq;fSk; kPwg;gltpy;iynad;gjw;fhd xU
ghpe;JiuNa fw;w ghlq;fs; gw;wpa Mizf;FOtplkpUe;J murhq;fj;jpw;Fj; Njitg;gl;lJ.
mit ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;ld. iftplg;gl;l mg; ghpe;JiufspdhNyNa n[dpthg;
gpNuuizfs; cUthfpd> MapDk; Mizf;FOtpd; Vida ghpe;Jiufs; cah;thf
kjpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. mg; ghpe;Jiufs; NtW trdq;fspy; $wg;gLtjpy; jtwpy;iy.
,q;F N[.tp.gp. mt;thwhd Nahridfisr; rkh;g;gpjw;F mth;fis khw;wpf;
nfhz;likNa ehk; mth;fis kjpg;gjw;Fhpa fhuzkhFk;. jdJ fl;rpapypUe;J gphpe;J
nrd;wth;fs; ,Nj fUj;jpidf; nfhz;bUg;gjdhYk; r%f tpkh;rdq;fspdhYk; mt;thW
khw;wiljyhdJ rhpahd ghijapy; nry;tjw;F jpwikAs;sJ vd;gijf; fhl;LtjhFk;.
mj; jpwik ntspf;fhl;lg;gl;bUf;Fkhapd; Vidath;fsJ fUj;Jf;fSf;Fg; gjpyhf jdf;Nf
chpj;jhd Ml;fs; ntspaplg;gLtjpy; re;Njfkpy;iy. vkJ ehl;bYs;s ,uz;L gpujhd
fl;rpfSk; murpay; Fw;wq;fspd; milahskhf khwpAs;s ,t;thwhd xU re;jh;g;gj;jpYk;
$l nghJkf;fs; jdJ gpujpepjpahf njhpT nra;ahikf;fhd fhuzk; mth;fSf;Nf chpj;jhd
gytPdq;fs; fhuzkhfj;jhdh?
55C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013 r kh jh d Neh f; FMfMfMfMfMfM ;;];]]] ;l;;lll -- nnnnrrgrgrgrrrrrrrrr ;nnnlklklklklkl ;g;g;ggggu;u;u;u;u;u;uuuuuuu 2222222222222220000001010100010001333333333
nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fSk;13 tJ murpay; mikg;Gr; rl;lKk;
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fyhepjp Iak;gjp tpf;fpukuj;d
tlkhfhz rigj; Njh;jiy vjph;Nehf;fpAs;s re;jh;g;gj;jpy; khfhzrig mjpfhuq;fs;
njhlh;ghd ciuahly;fs; caph;ngw;Ws;sJ fhzf;fpilf;fpwJ. ,t;thW ,J ngUk;
thjj;jpw;F cl;gLj;jg;gly; kpfr; rpwe;j xU gz;ghf Nehf;fg;gLtijapl;L ehd;
kfpo;r;rpailfpd;Nwd;. ,yq;ifapd; ngUk;ghd;ikahd kf;fs; jpdKk; nrtpkLg;gjw;Fk;
ghh;g;gjw;Fk; fpilg;gJ khfhz rig my;yJ nghJthf vkJ murpay; mikg;gpd; kw;WnkhU
gFjpahd 13tJ jpUj;jj;jpw;F vjpuhd jh;f;f hPjpahf cWjpnra;a Kbahj tplaq;fs; vd;gNj
,jw;Fhpa fhuzkhFk;.
kj;jpa murpw;Fk; khfhzq;fSf;FkpilNa kpfj; njspthf mjpfhuq;fs; gfpug;gl;likNa 13
tJ jpUj;jj;jpd; fhzg;gLfpd;w kpf Kf;fpakhd Fiwg;ghnld;gNj vdJ fUj;jhFk;. ,f;
FiwghLfis Fiwg;gjw;F ,jNdhL njhlh;ghd xUq;fpiag; gl;bay; (Concurrent List) mjhtJ khfhz rigapdhYk; kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpdhYk; nghJthf gad;gLj;jg;gl$ba
mjpfhuq;fs; njhlh;ghd gl;baiy mjpypUe;J mfw;WkhW ehk; Kd;gpUe;Nj Nahrid
njhptpj;Js;Nshk;. MapDk; rh;tfl;rp khehl;L Nahridfs; Nghd;w gaDs;s nraw;ghLfs;
nraypog;gjd; %yk; mt;thwhd NahridfSk; gadw;Wg; NghAs;sij mtjhdpf;ff;
$bajha; cs;sJ. 13 tJ jpUj;jj;jpd; vt;thwhd FiwghLfs; ,Ue;jNghJk; mJ
,e;ehl;bd; ,dg;gpur;rpid jPh;Tf;fhd cj;Njrj;jPh;Tj; jpl;lj;jpd; kpfTk; gaDs;s
nraw;ghL vd;gjpy; tpthjj;jpw;fplkpy;iy. ,d;W tlf;fpd; khfhz rigj; Njh;jiy
ikakhff; nfhz;L mjw;nfjpuhd gy Kaw;rpfs; njw;fpy; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
khfhz rigfSf;Fhpa nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; njhlh;ghfNt rpyh; jkJ gyj;j vjph;g;gpidj;
njhptpf;fpd;wdu;. cz;ikapy; mt;thwhd xU gyj;j vjph;g;G njhptpf;fg;gl;lNghJk;
nghyp]; vd;w nrhy;iyf; $l ghtpg;gJ gpioahdnjdf; $WtJ nghUj;jkhFk;. mJ
rl;lj;jpd; ,Ug;Gld; njhlh;ghd mjpfhuq;fs; vd;gjhf 13 tJ jpUj;jj;jpd; KjyhtJ
mj;jpahaj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. 1991 Mk; Mz;bd; nghyp]; Mizf;FO rl;lj;jpw;fika
nghyp]; Mizf;FO epakpf;fg;glhjikiaAk; mjw;F [dhjpgjpapd; mq;fPfhuk;
fpilf;fg;ngwhikiaANk ,Jtiu nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; eilKiw gLj;jg;glhjikf;fhd
fhuzq;fshFk;.
56 C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013r kh jh d Neh f; F
kj;jpa murpw;Fk;
khfhzq;fSf;FkpilNa
kpfj; njspthf mjpfhuq;fs;
gfpug;gl;likNa 13 tJ
jpUj;jj;jpd; fhzg;gLfpd;w kpf
Kf;fpakhd Fiwg;ghnld;gNj
vdJ fUj;jhFk;. ,f;
FiwghLfis Fiwg;gjw;F
,jNdhL njhlh;ghd
xUq;fpiag; gl;bay;
(Concurrent List) mjhtJ
khfhz rigapdhYk;
kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpdhYk;
nghJthf gad;gLj;jg;gl$ba
mjpfhuq;fs; njhlh;ghd
gl;baiy mjpypUe;J
mfw;WkhW ehk; Kd;gpUe;Nj
Nahrid njhptpj;Js;Nshk;.
nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; kj;jpa murplNk fhzg;gl Ntz;ba xd;W vd kf;fsplj;jpy;
vLj;Jf; $wg;gl;lhYk; rh;tNjr epiyik ,jw;F Kw;wpYk; khWgl;lJ vdf; $wyhk;.
cjhuzkhf gy ehLfspy; nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; vd;gJ kj;jpa muR khepy hPjpahd gy ehLfspy; nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; vd;gJ kj;jpa muR khepy hPjpahd
eph;thf myfpd; %yk; nraw;gLj;jg;gLk; Xh; mjpfhukd;wp mjdpYk; fPo; kl;lj;jpy; cs;s eph;thf myfpd; %yk; nraw;gLj;jg;gLk; Xh; mjpfhukd;wp mjdpYk; fPo; kl;lj;jpy; cs;s
cs;@uhl;rp epWtdq;fs; %yk; nraw;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w Xh; mjpfhukhFk;. fdlhtpy; cs;@uhl;rp epWtdq;fs; %yk; nraw;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w Xh; mjpfhukhFk;. fdlhtpy;
nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; (nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; (Muncipal PoliceMuncipal Police) vd miof;fg;gLk; efu eph;thf mjpfhu rigapd; ) vd miof;fg;gLk; efu eph;thf mjpfhu rigapd;
kl;lj;jpyhd epWtdj;jpw;Fhpajhf ,Ug;gJld;> Rtpw;rh;yhe;jpYk; nfd;ud; vdg;gLk; kl;lj;jpyhd epWtdj;jpw;Fhpajhf ,Ug;gJld;> Rtpw;rh;yhe;jpYk; nfd;ud; vdg;gLk;
rpW eph;thf myFfspYk; fPOs;s gpuNjr kl;lj;jpyhd kpfTk; rpwpa epu;thf myFfSf;F rpW eph;thf myFfspYk; fPOs;s gpuNjr kl;lj;jpyhd kpfTk; rpwpa epu;thf myFfSf;F
mjd; mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,e;jpahtpy; midj;J nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fSk; mjd; mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,e;jpahtpy; midj;J nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fSk;
khepyq;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;L kj;jpa muR kj;jpa Gydha;T gzpafj;jpD}lhf (khepyq;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;L kj;jpa muR kj;jpa Gydha;T gzpafj;jpD}lhf (CIBCIB) )
kj;jpa muRld; njhlh;ghd Gydha;Tfis Nkw;nfhs;fpwjidf; fhzyhk;.kj;jpa muRld; njhlh;ghd Gydha;Tfis Nkw;nfhs;fpwjidf; fhzyhk;. ,t; midj;J
ehLfspYk; nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; kw;Wk; ,d;wp Vida midj;J mjpfhuq;fSk;
xj;Jiog;Gld; nraw;gLj;jg;gLjiy fhzyhk;. mt;thW xj;Jiog;Gld; nraw;gLfpd;w mNj
Neuk; jkJ jdpj;Jtj;ij ghJfhj;J XU jug;gpdh; kw;iwa jug;gpdiu Kd; Njitaw;w
tpjj;jpy; ek;gfj;jd;ikAld; nraw;glhjpUg;gjw;Fhpa MNuhf;fpakhd murpay; fyhrhuk;
xd;iw fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;Ls;sjidAk; mtjhdpf;f KbAk;. ,t;thwhdnjhU gpd;dzpapy;
kpfTk; gaq;fukhd xU Nghypahd gak; ,yq;ifiapy; cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gjid
$whkypUf;fKbahJ mjw;Nfw;g khfhz nghyp]; jkJ mjpfhuj;ij Kiwaw;w tpjj;jpy;
gad;gLj;jyhk; vdTk; MfNt midj;J mjpfhuq;fSk; kj;jpa murplk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;
vdTk; ,jid tpkh;rpf;Fk; gyh; kf;fis ek;g itj;Js;s ghuJ}ukhd xU ngha;ikahFk;.
,J vt;thwhd xU Ntbf;if vd xU jh;f;fkhf ehk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;Nthkhapd; kj;jpa
murpd; Neubahd fl;lisfis ngWfpd;w nghyp]; mg;ghtpfisg; Nghd;w xU ek;gpf;if
tfpf;fpd;wd vd;gjid ehk; Ghpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ePq;fSk; ehDk; mDgt hPjpahf
njspthff; fz;Ls;sthW Rje;jpuj;jpw;F gpd; ,e;j ehl;by; nraw;gLj;jg;gl;l midj;J
murhq;fq;fspD}lhfTk; nghyprhh; jkJ mjpfhuj;ijg; gy jlitfs; Kiwaw;w tpjj;jpy;
gad;gLj;jpAs;sJld; re;Njfegh; vd Cfpf;fg;gl;l mg;ghtp gpuir xUtiu Jd;GWj;JtJ
njhlf;fk; vjph;fl;rpfspd; murpay; nraw;ghLfspy; rl;ltpNuhjkhf (jkJ mjpfhuj;ijAk; kpQ;rp
nraw;gly;) mlf;FtJtiu> mjpfhuj;ij Kiwaw;w tpjj;jpy; nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F ,yq;if
nghyp]; jpwik ngw;Ws;sJ. midj;J murhq;fq;fspd; fPOk; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s Fwpj;j ,k;
Kiwf;Nflhd epiyikfspd; fPo; kj;jpa murhq;fk; epUtfpf;Fk; nghypir NjtJ}jh;fisg;
Nghd;W Nehf;FtJ vd;idg; nghWj;jstpy; Ghpe;Jnfhs;s Kbahj xU tplakhFk;.
,jid NkYk; tpsq;Ftjhapd; rpy khfhz rigfs; kj;jpa murhq;f Kiwikapid
tplTk; kf;fs; Neaj;JlDk; rl;lk; mikjpf;F Vw;gTk; nraw;gLk; vd;gNj vdJ jdpg;gl;l
fUj;jhFk;. mz;ikapy; ruj; nghd;Nrf;fhtpw;F rhh;ghd kf;fs; $l;lnkhd;W xOq;F mz;ikapy; ruj; nghd;Nrf;fhtpw;F rhh;ghd kf;fs; $l;lnkhd;W xOq;F
nra;ag;gl;bUe;jJld; mjpy; fye;Jnfhz;l N[.tp.gp. ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdh;fs; cl;gl nra;ag;gl;bUe;jJld; mjpy; fye;Jnfhz;l N[.tp.gp. ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdh;fs; cl;gl
gyh; fLikahf jhf;fg;gl;L mth;fspdJ kdpj chpikfs; kPwg;gLfpd;w tpjkhfg; nghyp]gyh; fLikahf jhf;fg;gl;L mth;fspdJ kdpj chpikfs; kPwg;gLfpd;w tpjkhfg; nghyp]
hh;nraw;gl;ldh;. mr; re;jh;g;gj;jpy; njd;khfhz rigf;F nghyp];mjpfhuq;fs; ,Ue;jjhy; hh;nraw;gl;ldh;. mr; re;jh;g;gj;jpy; njd;khfhz rigf;F nghyp];mjpfhuq;fs; ,Ue;jjhy;
mt;thwhd xU ghuJ}ukhd epiyik Njhd;wpapUf;fhJ vd;gNj vdJ fUj;jhFk;. mt;thwhd xU ghuJ}ukhd epiyik Njhd;wpapUf;fhJ vd;gNj vdJ fUj;jhFk;.
Ke;jpa murhq;fj;jpdhy; Mizaplg;gl;l NghJk; jdJ khfhz kf;fis my;yJ jdJ Ke;jpa murhq;fj;jpdhy; Mizaplg;gl;l NghJk; jdJ khfhz kf;fis my;yJ jdJ
khfhzj;jpw;F tUif je;j ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdh;fisj; jhf;Ftjw;F ,e;j khfhzj;jpd; khfhzj;jpw;F tUif je;j ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdh;fisj; jhf;Ftjw;F ,e;j khfhzj;jpd;
Kjyikr;ruhd jpU. \hd; tpN[yhy; mth;fs; MizapLthh; vd ehd; xUNghJk; Kjyikr;ruhd jpU. \hd; tpN[yhy; mth;fs; MizapLthh; vd ehd; xUNghJk;
fUjtpy;iy. mjdbg;gilapy; khfhz rigfs; nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fis nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F fUjtpy;iy. mjdbg;gilapy; khfhz rigfs; nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fis nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F
vjpuhd N[.tp.gp. cs;spl;l murpay; fl;rpfs; vkJ jiyfis cilf;fTk; vkJ $l;lq;fis vjpuhd N[.tp.gp. cs;spl;l murpay; fl;rpfs; vkJ jiyfis cilf;fTk; vkJ $l;lq;fis
mlf;fTk; Njitahd mjpfhuq;fis kj;jpa murhq;fNk itj;Jf;nfhs;sl;Lk; vdf; $w mlf;fTk; Njitahd mjpfhuq;fis kj;jpa murhq;fNk itj;Jf;nfhs;sl;Lk; vdf; $w
,lKz;L vd ehk; Cfpf;fyhk;. ,lKz;L vd ehk; Cfpf;fyhk;.
13tJ jpUj;jj;jpw;F mikthf khfhzg; nghyp]; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lhYk; mJ ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa
nghypRld; ,ize;j xU nghyp]; myNf xopa Ntnwhd;Wkpy;iy. mjd; gpujhd mjpfhhp
gpujp nghyp];kh mjpgh; xUth; vd;gJld; Fwpj;j nghyp]; myfpd; eltbf;iffspd; eph;thfk;
khfhz rigfspD}lhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. Vida tplak; ahnjdpy; Njrpa nghypRk; Fwpj;j
khfhzj;jpw;Fs;NsNa jq;fpapUf;Fk; vd;gJld; (11) gjpndhU Fw;wr; nray;fs; njhlh;ghf
mth;fNs gzpahw;Wthh;fs; vd;gjhFk;. murhq;fj;jpw;nfjpuhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; Fw;wq;fs;
mjpy; KjyhtjhFk;. ,J kpfTk; tphpthz xU mh;j;jj;jpid nfhz;bUg;gJld; Njrpa
ghJfhg;Gf;Fg; gq;fk; tpistpf;Fk; my;yJ mj;jpahtrpa Nritfis nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F
ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk; VNjDnkhU jtwpidg; Ghpjy; ,jpy; vl;lhtJ jtwhFk;.
Fwpj;j cg ml;ltizf;F Vw;g ,k; khfhz nghyp]; myfpw;Fs;s mjpfhuq;fs; vy;iy
57C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013 r kh jh d Neh f; F
,k; khfhz nghyp];
myfpw;Fs;s mjpfhuq;fs;
vy;iy kPwpa xd;W my;y
vd;gJld; mJ Fiwf;fg;gLk; vd
nghUs; nfhs;sf; $ba rhj;jpak;
fhzg;gLfpwJ. MfNt ,q;F
kj;jpa muRf;F ghhpastpyhd
xU fl;Lg;ghl;ilg; Ngzpr;
nry;tjw;fhd re;jh;g;gq;fs;
fhzg;gLfpd;wnjd;gJ njspthd
xU tplakhFk;. Kd;ida
tplak; ahnjdpy; midj;J
mjpfhuq;fSk; kj;jpa murhq;fk;
trNk fhzg;gly; Ntz;Lnkd;w
,e;ehl;L murpay; #o;epiyf;F
Vw;g ajhh;j;jkhfhJ vd;gJ
,jd; jPtpu tpkh;rfu;Sf;Fg;
GhpahkypUg;gJ kpf Mr;rhpakhd
xU tplakhFk;.
kPwpa xd;W my;y vd;gJld; mJ Fiwf;fg;gLk; vd nghUs; nfhs;sf; $ba rhj;jpak;
fhzg;gLfpwJ. MfNt ,q;F kj;jpa muRf;F ghhpastpyhd xU fl;Lg;ghl;ilg; Ngzpr;
nry;tjw;fhd re;jh;g;gq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wnjd;gJ njspthd xU tplakhFk;. Kd;ida
tplak; ahnjdpy; midj;J mjpfhuq;fSk; kj;jpa murhq;fk; trNk fhzg;gly;
Ntz;Lnkd;w ,e;ehl;L murpay; #o;epiyf;F Vw;g ajhh;j;jkhfhJ vd;gJ ,jd; jPtpu
tpkh;rfu;Sf;Fg; GhpahkypUg;gJ kpf Mr;rhpakhd xU tplakhFk;.
mth;fsJ thjk; cz;ikahdnjd ehk; rw;W rpe;jpg;Nghkhapd; mjhtJ nghyp];
mjpfhuq;fspD}lhf VNjDnkhU ghjf epiyik cUthFk; re;jh;g;gj;jpy; mjidf;
fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; mjpfhuk; kj;jpa murplk; fhzg;gLtJ kl;Lkd;wp murpayikg;Gj;
jpUj;jnkhd;Wf;Fr; nry;yf; $ba mtfhrKk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. MapDk; mt;thwhd Xh;
mghak; ,e;epiyikfspd; fPo; Vw;gLk; vd Cfpf;f KbahJ.
mz;ikapy; gP`hh; khepyj;jpy; Gj;jfah kPJ gaq;futhjj; jhf;Fjy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lik mz;ikapy; gP`hh; khepyj;jpy; Gj;jfah kPJ gaq;futhjj; jhf;Fjy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lik
njhlh;ghf rpyh; kj;jpa murplk; nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; ,y;yhikapd; fhuzkhf mJ njhlh;ghf rpyh; kj;jpa murplk; nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; ,y;yhikapd; fhuzkhf mJ
,lk; ngw;wJ vdf; $wpdhYk; mJ nghyprhhpd; jpwikapd;ik my;yJ rhpahd ,lk; ngw;wJ vdf; $wpdhYk; mJ nghyprhhpd; jpwikapd;ik my;yJ rhpahd
Kiwapy; Gydha;Tj; jfty;fs; fpilf;fg; ngwhik njhlh;ghd xU gpur;rpidNa md;wp Kiwapy; Gydha;Tj; jfty;fs; fpilf;fg; ngwhik njhlh;ghd xU gpur;rpidNa md;wp
mth;fsJ tiutpsf;fzj;jpw;F Vw;g nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; njhlh;ghd xU gpur;rpid mth;fsJ tiutpsf;fzj;jpw;F Vw;g nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; njhlh;ghd xU gpur;rpid
my;y. mt; thjj;jpid ehk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;Nthkhapd; = kfh Nghjp> = jyjh khspif> my;y. mt; thjj;jpid ehk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;Nthkhapd; = kfh Nghjp> = jyjh khspif>
fhj;jhd;Fb K];ypk; gs;spthry; vd;gtw;wpd; kPJ jhf;Fjy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; NghJ fhj;jhd;Fb K];ypk; gs;spthry; vd;gtw;wpd; kPJ jhf;Fjy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; NghJ
Fwpj;j nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; ahh; trk; fhzg;gl;lJ? vd mth;fsplk; ehk; jpUg;gpf; Fwpj;j nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; ahh; trk; fhzg;gl;lJ? vd mth;fsplk; ehk; jpUg;gpf;
Nfl;f N tz;bAs;sJ. Nfl;f N tz;bAs;sJ. = kfh Nghjp kPJ jhf;Fjy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lNghJ ,e; ehl;by;
khfhz rigfs; cUthf;fg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy. md;W Ngha; ,d;Wk; Fwpj;j mjpfhuq;fs;
nghyprhhplk; fhzg;gl;l NghJk; midj;J epfo;TfisAk; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F my;yJ
mlf;Ftjw;F ve;jnthU nghyprpdhYk; KbahJ vd;gjid ehk; Ghpe;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg;gLk; re;jh;g;gj;jpy; [dhjpgjp mth;fs; jdJ Njitapd;
epkpj;jjk; ve;jnthU khfhzj;jpYk; Rw;Wg; gazk; Nkw;nfhs;s (cj;jpNahf G+h;t
eltbf;iffSf;fhf) KbahJ vd;gJk; ,g; ngha;g; gpur;rhuq;fspYs;s kw;WnkhU ghuJ}
ukhd ngha; vd;gjidf; $wp itf;f Ntz;Lk;.
rpyh; ,jw;F ey;ynjhU cjhuzj;ij vLj;Jf; $w Muk;gpj;Js;sdh;. mjhtJ xU Kiw
Nrhdpah fhe;jp mk;ikahUf;F cj;jh; gpuNj\pd; VNjh xU Muk;g itgtj;jpw;Fr;
nry;tjw;F mjd; Kjyikr;rh; mDkjpaspf;ftpy;iy vd;gjhFk;. mz;ikapy; ehd;
mq;F nrd;wpUe;j NghJ Fwpj;j tplak; gw;wp Mh;tk; fhuzkhf mjd; Kjyikr;ruJ
mg;Nghija nrayhsiiur; re;jpg;gjw;fhd re;jh;g;gj;ij Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;Nld;. mtuJ
$w;Wg;gb ,lk;ngw;wit ahnjdpy; Kjyikr;rh; khahtjP jiyikapyhd khfhz muR
jhk; nryT nra;J eph;khzpj;j Gifapuj epiyankhd;Wf;Fr;rkkhd xU fl;blj;ij
Muk;gpj;J itg;gjw;F kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpd; rhh;gpy; Nrhdpah fhe;jp r%fkspf;ftpUe;j
NghJk; murpay; hPjpahd gpur;rpidnahd;wpd; fhuzkhf mg; gazj;jpw;F Kjyikr;rh;
jdJ vjph;g;gpid ntspf;fhl;bAs;shh;. Fwpj;j fhzp khepy murpdhy; kj;jpa murhq;fj;jplk;
xg;gilf;fg;glhkNyNa ,jpy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpaJ kpfg; gpujhd fhuzp MFk;. Nrhdpah
fhe;jpf;F mjid Muk;gpj;J itf;f Njitg;gl;Ls;sJ vd mwptpf;fg;gl;l NghJ vkf;Fhpa
xU fhzpapy; vkJ nrytpy; ,t;thwhd xd;iw Muk;gpj;J itg;gjw;F kj;jpa murhq;fk;
jpBnud tUif jUtJ kf;fspd; vjph;g;gpw;Ff; fhuzkhaikAnkd;gjhy; jw;fhypfkhf mg;
gazj;ij epWj;JkhW Kjyikr;rh; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;Ls;shh;. ,jpy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpAs;s
kw;iwa tplak; ahnjdpy; mJ jPghtspf; nfhz;lhl;l fhyk; vd;gjhy; nghJthf nghyprhh;
nghJkf;fs; $l;lq;fisj; jil nra;jy; MFk;. khepy muR md;wp mjd; ePjthd;
ePjpkd;wKk; mt;thwhd xU jilapid tpjpj;jpUj;jjidAk; Kjyikr;rh; jdf;F rhjfkhf
Mf;fpf; nfhz;lhh;. MapDk; gpd;G Nrhdpah fhe;jp mk;ikahh; mq;F nrd;Ws;sJld;
,J khfhz kw;Wk; kj;jpa murhq;fk; vd;gtw;Wf;fpilapyhd mjpfhuq;fs; rk;ge;jkhd
gpur;rpidfs; vd;gij tpl fl;rp murpay; hPjpahd gpur;rpidfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L
cUthfpa xU epiyahFk;. ,e;jpah Rje;jpuk; ngw;W 6 jrhg;j fhy vy;iyapDs; eilngw;w
,t;thwhd xU jdpg;gl;l rpwpa epfo;tpid mbg;gilahf nfhz;L fUj;J ntspapLk;
mstpw;F rpyh; tq;fNuhj;J epiyapid mile;Js;sik eifg;Gf;Fhpa xU tplakhFk;.
MapDk; Nky; kl;lj;jpYs;s murpay;thjpfs; $l ,t;thwhd epfo;Tfis kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk;
Nkilfspy; $wp nghJkf;fis topjtwp mioj;Jf;nfhs;s eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;tNj
kpfTk; gaq;fukhd nrayhFk;.
58 C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013r kh jh d Neh f; F
jho;Tr;rpf;fy; fhuzkhfNt,e;jpahTf;F gag;gLfpd;wdh;
rpNu\;l rl;lj;juzpv];.vy;. FzNrfu
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tlkhfhzrigj; Nju;jYf;F jpfjp mwptpf;fg;gl;lTld; 13 tJ jpUj;jj;Jf;nfjpuhd tlkhfhzrigj; Nju;jYf;F jpfjp mwptpf;fg;gl;lTld; 13 tJ jpUj;jj;Jf;nfjpuhd
vjph;g;G vOe;jJ. jho;Tr;rpf;fy; fhuzkhfNt ,e;jpahTf;F gag;gLfpd;wdh;. mjpy; vjph;g;G vOe;jJ. jho;Tr;rpf;fy; fhuzkhfNt ,e;jpahTf;F gag;gLfpd;wdh;. mjpy;
jPik cs;sJ. ,t;thW vjph;g;G fhl;Lk;NghJ jkpo; gpw;Nghf;Fthjpfs; mjid jPik cs;sJ. ,t;thW vjph;g;G fhl;Lk;NghJ jkpo; gpw;Nghf;Fthjpfs; mjid
mth;fSf;F vjpuhd rpq;fs Mjpf;fj;jpd; tpupthf;fk; vd mh;j;jk; fw;gpg;ghh;fs;. ehl;bd; mth;fSf;F vjpuhd rpq;fs Mjpf;fj;jpd; tpupthf;fk; vd mh;j;jk; fw;gpg;ghh;fs;. ehl;bd;
murpayikg;ig ghh;f;Fk;NghJ mJ kf;fSf;F ed;ik mspf;fpd;wjh ,y;iyah murpayikg;ig ghh;f;Fk;NghJ mJ kf;fSf;F ed;ik mspf;fpd;wjh ,y;iyah
vd;gJ gw;wp ftdpf;fNtz;Lk;. ,e;j nghUj;jg;ghl;il MuhAk;NghJ ehnkOg;Gk; vd;gJ gw;wp ftdpf;fNtz;Lk;. ,e;j nghUj;jg;ghl;il MuhAk;NghJ ehnkOg;Gk;
thjk; njhlh;ghf jkpo; gpw;Nghf;Fthjpfs; vOg;Gk; Fw;wr; rhl;Lf;fs; Nghypahdit thjk; njhlh;ghf jkpo; gpw;Nghf;Fthjpfs; vOg;Gk; Fw;wr; rhl;Lf;fs; Nghypahdit
vd kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; $wNtz;bajpy;iy. jw;NghJ mJ njhlh;gpy; ghh;f;Fk;NghJ vd kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; $wNtz;bajpy;iy. jw;NghJ mJ njhlh;gpy; ghh;f;Fk;NghJ
kf;fSf;F khfhzrigapD}lhf ve;jnthU ed;ikAk; Vw;gltpy;iynad;gJ njhpfpwJ. kf;fSf;F khfhzrigapD}lhf ve;jnthU ed;ikAk; Vw;gltpy;iynad;gJ njhpfpwJ.
khfhz rig ,y;iynad;why; kf;fSf;F Vw;gLk; ghjpg;G vd;dntd;W rpe;jpg;gJ khfhz rig ,y;iynad;why; kf;fSf;F Vw;gLk; ghjpg;G vd;dntd;W rpe;jpg;gJ
Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.
khfhzrigfs; ,Ue;jhYk; mjd; ngUk;ghyhd jPh;khdq;fs; [dhjpgjpahNyNa
vLf;fg;gLfpd;wd. VjhtnjhU khfhz rigia fiyg;gjw;f;Fhpa jPh;khdj;ij
Kjyikr;rhpd; MNyhridf;fika MSdu; mwptpf;f Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; cz;ikapy;
vd;d elf;fpwJ? [dhjpgjpNa mjidj; jPh;khdpf;fpwhh;. mth; cz;ikapNyNa
jiytuhthu;. murpay; fl;rpfis gyg;gLj;Jtjidj; jtpu NtnwJTk; ,e;j 13 MtJ
jpUj;jk;%yk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy vd;gJ njspthfpwJ. mjd; epjp tpuaj;ij vkJ
ehL jhq;fpf;nfhs;s KbahJ. ehl;bd; NtW JiwfspYk; XusT tpuak; Vw;gLfpwJ.
khfhzrigf@lhfNt kpfTk; ghjpg;G Vw;gLfpwJ. mz;ikapy; tlkj;jpa khfhzrig
cWg;gpdh;fspd; ntspehl;L Rw;Wyh [dhjpgjpapd; jiyaPl;lhy; epWj;jg;gl;lJ. Nky;>
njd; khfhzrigfs; mjid Kd;dNu Nkw;nfhz;bUe;jd. ,t;thW Rw;Wyh
59C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013 r kh jh d Neh f; F
ehk; kPz;Lk;
fpuhk rig Kiwf;F
nry;yNtz;Lnkd;gNj
vdJ Kd; nkhopthFk;.
fpuhkq;fspy;
ey;y egh;fSf;F
tha;g;gspf;fNtz;Lk;.
mth;fs; eph;thfj;jpy;
gq;Nfw;fNtz;Lk;. fl;rpNah>
RahjPd cWg;gpdNuh xNu
rkkhf fUjg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
Nguk;NgRk; Kiwapy;
thf;nfLg;G Clhf Kd;te;J
kf;fSf;F Nritahw;w
tha;g;gspf;f Ntz;Lk;.
nrd;whYk; mth;fs; rpW mstpyhtJ ehl;bd; mgptpUj;jpf;F VjhtJ Nrh;f;fpd;wduh?
,J ntWkNd jdpegh;fis jpUg;jpg;gLj;Jtjhf khj;jpuNk mikfpwJ.
mjw;fika vkJ vjph;g;G kf;fis Ruz;bj;jpd;Dk; Kiwf;nfjpuhdNj jtpu
jkpo;kf;fSf;nfjpuhdjy;y. Kf;fpa ,U fl;rpfspdJk; gz;Ng ,J. kf;fis
Ruz;lf;$ba tplaq;fspy; I.Nj.fTk; =yq;fh Rje;jpuf; fl;rpAk; xd;wpize;J
tpLthh;fs;. me;j ,U fl;rpfspYk; kpfr;rpW njhifapdNu mjw;F vjpuhf ,Ug;ghh;fs;.
mth;fSf;F kf;fspd; nfsutk; fpl;lNtz;Lk;. vdNt 13 tJ jpUj;jj;ij uj;Jr;nra;Nj
Mf Ntz;Lk;. ,jdhy; ve;jnthU ed;ikAk; fpilf;ftpy;iyahapd; ,jid
njhlh;e;Jk; ghJfhg;gjpy; mh;j;jkpy;iy.
ehk; kPz;Lk; fpuhk rig Kiwf;F nry;yNtz;Lnkd;gNj vdJ Kd; nkhopthFk;.
fpuhkq;fspy; ey;y egh;fSf;F tha;g;gspf;fNtz;Lk;. mth;fs; eph;thfj;jpy;
gq;Nfw;fNtz;Lk;. fl;rpNah> RahjPd cWg;gpdNuh xNu rkkhf fUjg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
Nguk;NgRk; Kiwapy; thf;nfLg;G Clhf Kd;te;J kf;fSf;F Nritahw;w tha;g;gspf;f
Ntz;Lk;. mjd; gpd;dh; fpuhknkhd;wpy; mgptpUj;jp jpl;lNkJk; ,Ug;gpd; mjd;
jpl;lkply;> mKy;gLj;jy; ,e;j fpuhk rigg; gpujpepjpfsplk; xg;gilf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. Gsj;
rpq;fsj; njhFjpapy; gj;J fpuhk rigfs; ,Ug;gjhf itj;Jf;nfhs;Nthk;. me;jf;fpuhk
rigfspd; gpujpepjpfs; jkJ cWg;gpdiuj; njhpT nra;a tha;g;gspf;fg;glNtz;Lk;.
mg;NghJ ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; KO Gsj;rpq;fs njhFjpAk; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk;.
fpuhk rigg; gpujpepjpfs; kf;fshy; njhpT nra;ag;gLtjdhy; mth;fs; cWg;gpdh;fis
njhpT nra;ag;glf;$bajhf ,Ug;gJld; KOg;ghuhSkd;wj;jpYk; njspthd kf;fs;
gpujpepjpj;Jtk; mg;NghjpUf;Fk;. ,e;jg; ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdh;fSf;F jkJ mur
jiytiu njhpT nra;Ak; tha;g;G toq;fg;glNtz;Lk;. mg;NghJ Njh;jYf;fhf
nrytplg;gLk; tiuaiwapy;yhj nryT ehl;Lf;F kPjkhFk;. 13 tJ jpUj;jj;ij NkYk;
jpUj;Jtjw;fhf vLf;Fk; Kaw;rpapd;NghJ fpof;F khfhzrig cWg;gpdh;fs; ,t;thW
$wpdhh;fs; “vdJ fl;rpj;jiyth; fUj;Jf;$wpa gpd;dNu vdJ fUj;ijf;$WNtd;.” vd
uT+g; `f;fPk; njhlh;ghf $wg;gl;lJ. vLj;jjw;nfy;yhk; ,t;thW $Wk; mwptw;wth;fsplk;
mjpfhuj;ij toq;fKaw;rpg;gjh? mth;fs; fl;rpfspd; nghk;ikfNs jtpu Neubahd
kf;fs; gpujpepjpfs; my;y. ,d;ndhUGwk; ,t;thwhd VJk; mwpahjthplk; mjpfhuj;ij
toq;fhky; ,Ug;gJ ey;yNj.
kf;fs; mjpfkhd tho;f;ifr; nryT Rikahy; eRq;fpf;nhz;bUf;Fk;NghJ kf;fs; mjpfkhd tho;f;ifr; nryT Rikahy; eRq;fpf;nhz;bUf;Fk;NghJ
mikr;ruitia guhkhpj;Jf;nfhz;L> mth;fSf;F vhpnghUSk; toq;fp nra;Ak; mikr;ruitia guhkhpj;Jf;nfhz;L> mth;fSf;F vhpnghUSk; toq;fp nra;Ak;
nryT tpuakpy;iyah? ,e;jg; gpujpepjpfsplkpUe;J tpidjpwd; fpl;lhJ rhjhuz nryT tpuakpy;iyah? ,e;jg; gpujpepjpfsplkpUe;J tpidjpwd; fpl;lhJ rhjhuz
khfhzrig gpujpepjpf;Fk; ghJfhtyh;fs; ,t;thwhd mikjpahd #o;epiyapy; ,e;j khfhzrig gpujpepjpf;Fk; ghJfhtyh;fs; ,t;thwhd mikjpahd #o;epiyapy; ,e;j
tPz;tpua gpujpepjpfisg; guhkhpg;gjw;F ngUksT gzj;ij nrytpLtJ Fw;wkhFk;. tPz;tpua gpujpepjpfisg; guhkhpg;gjw;F ngUksT gzj;ij nrytpLtJ Fw;wkhFk;.
khfhzrigf;fl;lblq;fs;> mYtyfq;fSf;F nrytpLk; kpd;fl;lzq;fs;. ,uz;L khfhzrigf;fl;lblq;fs;> mYtyfq;fSf;F nrytpLk; kpd;fl;lzq;fs;. ,uz;L
NgUe;J jhpg;GfSf;F mg;ghy; nry;tjw;F $l fhrpy;yhj ngUk;ghyhd kf;fs; thOk; NgUe;J jhpg;GfSf;F mg;ghy; nry;tjw;F $l fhrpy;yhj ngUk;ghyhd kf;fs; thOk;
ehl;by; ,t;thwhd rpW njhifapdhpd; tPz;tpuaq;fSf;F kf;fs; gzk; ,iuahtij ehl;by; ,t;thwhd rpW njhifapdhpd; tPz;tpuaq;fSf;F kf;fs; gzk; ,iuahtij
mq;fPfhpf;fyhkh? mq;fPfhpf;fyhkh?
Kjypy; 2{3 mjpfhuj;ij ngw;Wf;nfhz;l Kiw njhlh;gpy; vdf;F gpur;rid
cs;sJ. fU n[a#hpa cl;gl ngUksT I.Nj.f. cWg;gpdh;fs; [dhjpgjpapd; iffis
gyg;gLj;Jtjhf $wpr; nry;Yk;NghJ ehd; [dhjpgjpia re;jpj;Njd;. “[dhjpgjpath;fNs
me;j Nkhrkhdth;fis ePq;fs; mUfpy; miof;ff;$lhJ vdf; $wpNdd;.
mth;fs; njhopy; NjbNa te;jhh;fs;. ve;jnthU njhiyNehf;Fkpy;yhky; muRld;
,ize;jth;fs; 13 tJ jpUj;jj;ij ePf;Ftjw;F xj;Jiog;ghh;fs; vd vjpu;ghu;f;f
KbahJ.
mz;ikapy; ];jhgpf;fg;gl;l ghuhSkd;w njhpTf;FOtpd; gpujpepjpj;Jtk; ,y;yhky;
60 C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013r kh jh d Neh f; F
jho;Tr;rpf;fy; fhuzkhf
,e;jpahTld; Kuz;gl
gag;gLfpd;wdh;. grpy;
uh[gf;\ ,e;jpahTf;F
nrd;wJ jho;Tr;rpf;fy;
fhuzkhf ,y;iyah?
me;jg;gazk; vkJ
ehl;bd; rpq;fs> jkpo;>
K];yPk; kf;fsJ
eyDf;F VJthdjh
vd;W rpe;jpj;Jg;
ghh;f;fNtz;Lk;.
Nghdik njhlh;gpy; vjph;g;Gfs; cz;L. jp];] tpjhuz Nghd;Nwhiug; nghpjhf
ftdj;jpy; vLf;ff; $lhJ vdf; fUJfpNwd;. Neubj;jiyth;fs; my;yhj ge;jk;
gpbg;Nghhpd; vjph;g;Gf;fshy; jhf;fkpy;iy.
khfhzrig Kiwapy; epajpr;rl;lq;fSf;F MSdhpd; mq;fPfhuk; NjitahFk;. khfhzrig Kiwapy; epajpr;rl;lq;fSf;F MSdhpd; mq;fPfhuk; NjitahFk;.
,Ug;gpDk; epajpr;rl;lj;ij rkh;g;gpf;Fk; vy;yh chpikAk; khfhz rigf;Fs;sJ. ,Ug;gpDk; epajpr;rl;lj;ij rkh;g;gpf;Fk; vy;yh chpikAk; khfhz rigf;Fs;sJ.
MSdh; epajpr;rl;lj;jpy; ifnaOj;jplhtpl;lhYk; mjid mq;fPfhpf;f$ba Kiwik MSdh; epajpr;rl;lj;jpy; ifnaOj;jplhtpl;lhYk; mjid mq;fPfhpf;f$ba Kiwik
cs;sJ. mjw;F mt;tsT mjpfhukpy;iy.cs;sJ. mjw;F mt;tsT mjpfhukpy;iy.
murpayikg;Gf;fika mikr;ruitapd; MNyhridf;F Vw;gNt MSdh;
nraw;glNtz;Lk;. mth;fs; jkJ tpUg;gj;Jf;fika ghtpf;ff;$ba tiuaWf;fg;gl;l
mjpfhuq;fs; cs;sJ. mjidtpl MSdUf;F ngUk; mjpfhuk; ,Ug;gjhf ehd;
epidf;ftpy;iy. ,J ,l;Lf;fl;lg;gl;lNj jtpu cz;ikapy;iy.
Njrpaf; nfhs;if vd;W tUk; tplaq;fspy; khfhzrigfs; ifNghlf;$lhJ.
Nghf;Ftuj;J Nrit> nlq;F xopg;Gr; Nrit Nghd;wit Njrpa kl;lj;jpy; nra;ag;gl
Ntz;baitahFk;. nlq;F Esk;G khfhz vy;iyfSf;fika jhf;Ftjpy;iy
mit ehLjOtpa NritfNs md;wp khfhzq;fSf;F tiuaWf;fg;gl;litay;y
mjdhy; Njrpa kl;lj;jpy; jpl;lkplNtz;Lk;. mjid Njrpa kl;lj;jpy; jahhpj;jhy;
khfhzkl;lj;jpy; mKy;gLj;jyhk;. fpuhk rig Kiwia mwpKfg;gLj;jpdhy;
,itaidj;jpw;Fk; XusT jPu;T cz;L. mikr;rh;fspd; mbtUbfNs ehl;il
mopf;fpd;wdh;. rnjhrtpy; fUthL epWj;j kdpjd; ,yq;ifapd; cah; nry;te;j murpay;
thjpahFk;NghJ mth; nra;j Coy;fis epidj;Jg;ghh;f;fyhk;.
13 tJ jpUj;jj;ij khw;wk; nra;tjw;F vdf;F KO rk;kjk;. mJkl;Lkd;wp ,jid 13 tJ jpUj;jj;ij khw;wk; nra;tjw;F vdf;F KO rk;kjk;. mJkl;Lkd;wp ,jid
KOikahf ePf;fNtz;Lk;. tlf;F fpof;F khfhzq;fs; ,izf;fg;gLtjw;F ehk; KOikahf ePf;fNtz;Lk;. tlf;F fpof;F khfhzq;fs; ,izf;fg;gLtjw;F ehk;
Muk;gj;jpy; vjph;g;Gj;njhptpj;Njhk;. ,izg;gjd; fUj;J rpq;fs> K];yPk; ,dj;jthpd; Muk;gj;jpy; vjph;g;Gj;njhptpj;Njhk;. ,izg;gjd; fUj;J rpq;fs> K];yPk; ,dj;jthpd;
murpay; chpikfis ,y;yhky; nra;tjhFk;.murpay; chpikfis ,y;yhky; nra;tjhFk;.
fLikahd ePz;lfhy Nghhpy; ntw;wpngw;w ehk; rh;tNjrj;Jf;F fhJ
nfhLf;fNtz;bajpy;iy. ,e;jpah vkJ kz;iz Mf;fpukpj;jNghJ rh;tNjr r%fk;
nksdkhf ,Ue;jJ. vdNt> mtw;iw fUj;jpy; vLf;fj;Njitapy;iy. mt;Ntisapy;
[dhjpgjp ve;jg;ngha;ia $wpapUe;jhYk; jtwpy;iy. mtuJ ngUk; nghWg;ghf
,Ue;jJ vjphpfsplkpUe;J ehl;il kPl;lnjd;gNj. Nkw;F ehLfs; vk;ik Rw;wptisj;J
jhf;Fthh;fs;. vkJ kpfg;ngUk; vjphp ,e;jpahNt. ,e;jpah vkJ ehl;Lf;F vjpuhf nra;j
gpioahd nraw;ghLfs; vz;zpf;ifaw;wit. [dhjpgjp $wpa ve;jnthU ngha;iaAk;
epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhf rh;tNjrj;jplk; nry;yNtz;bajpy;iy.
jho;Tr;rpf;fy; fhuzkhf ,e;jpahTld; Kuz;gl gag;gLfpd;wdh;. grpy; uh[gf;\
,e;jpahTf;F nrd;wJ jho;Tr;rpf;fy; fhuzkhf ,y;iyah? me;jg;gazk; vkJ ehl;bd;
rpq;fs> jkpo;> K];yPk; kf;fsJ eyDf;F VJthdjh vd;W rpe;jpj;Jg; ghh;f;fNtz;Lk;.
vk;kplk; thf;FWjp Nfl;Fk; rh;tNjrk; ahh;? Fthz;ldhNkh tijKfhik %Lk;
jpfjpia ehk; Nfl;gjpy;iy ,J njhlh;ghd njspT muRf;F ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;.
gpur;ridfis jPh;g;gjw;fhf vLf;fg;gLk; midj;J Kaw;rpfSf;Fk; gpd;dhy;
,Ug;gJ gpw;Nghf;F re;jh;g;g thjNk. ll;yp Nrd ehaf;fTf;F jkpo; cWg;gpdh;fspd;
xj;Jiog;ig ngwNtz;ba Njit ,Ue;jik fhuzkhfNt ll;yp nry;tehafk;
xg;ge;jk; ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;lJ. fhzp toq;Fk;NghJ Kjypy; me;j khfhzj; fhzp toq;Fk;NghJ Kjypy; me;j khfhzj;
jkpoh;fSf;Fk;> ,uz;lhtjhf Vida khfhzj;jkpoh;fSf;Fk; fhzp toq;f jkpoh;fSf;Fk;> ,uz;lhtjhf Vida khfhzj;jkpoh;fSf;Fk; fhzp toq;f
Ntz;Lk;. %d;whtjhfNt rpq;fsth;fSf;Ff; fpilf;Fk;. mJ xg;ge;jj;jpd; Xh; Ntz;Lk;. %d;whtjhfNt rpq;fsth;fSf;Ff; fpilf;Fk;. mJ xg;ge;jj;jpd; Xh;
epge;jid Gwf;Nfhl;il 2k; FWf;F tPjpapy; cs;s rptrhkp gjpaj;jyhitapy; trpf;Fk; epge;jid Gwf;Nfhl;il 2k; FWf;F tPjpapy; cs;s rptrhkp gjpaj;jyhitapy; trpf;Fk;
GQ;rpgz;lhtpd; fhzpiag;ngw;Wf;nfhs;s chpik cs;sJ. ve;jnthU jPh;tpd; GQ;rpgz;lhtpd; fhzpiag;ngw;Wf;nfhs;s chpik cs;sJ. ve;jnthU jPh;tpd;
61C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013 r kh jh d Neh f; F
tlkhfhz rigj;
Njh;jypy; nghJrd
If;fpa Kd;dzpNah>
j.Nj.$l;likg;Ngh vth;
ntd;whYk; NtWghby;iy.
Mdhy; j.Nj.$l;likg;G
,y;yhj gpur;ridia
Vw;gLj;j Kaw;rpf;fpwJ.
jw;NghJ Gdpju;;fs;
Nghy; ,Ue;jhYk;
j.Nj.$l;likg;gpdh; tlf;F
fpof;F jkpo; kf;fsplj;jpy;
jkpoh; jhafnkDk;
gphptpid thjj;ijg;
Ngh\ pj;jhh;fs;.
%yKk; ehl;bd; gpur;ridf;F jPh;T toq;FtNj vjph;ghh;f;fg;gl;lJ. cz;ikapy; vkJ %yKk; ehl;bd; gpur;ridf;F jPh;T toq;FtNj vjph;ghh;f;fg;gl;lJ. cz;ikapy; vkJ
ehl;by; ,Uf;Fk; gpur;rid Fbkf;fs; midtUf;Fk; rkThpik fpilf;fhikNa ehl;by; ,Uf;Fk; gpur;rid Fbkf;fs; midtUf;Fk; rkThpik fpilf;fhikNa
MFk;. midtUk; xNu rPuhd chpikfis mDgtpg;ghh;fshapd; ,e;ehl;by; Njrpa MFk;. midtUk; xNu rPuhd chpikfis mDgtpg;ghh;fshapd; ,e;ehl;by; Njrpa
,dg; gpur;rid ,Uf;fhJ. Xt;Nthh; ,dj;Jf;Fk; cs;s gpur;ridfis nghJtpy; ,dg; gpur;rid ,Uf;fhJ. Xt;Nthh; ,dj;Jf;Fk; cs;s gpur;ridfis nghJtpy;
,dg;gpur;ridahf milahsg;gLj;JtJ jtW grp midtUf;Fk; nghJthdJ. grpf;F ,dg;gpur;ridahf milahsg;gLj;JtJ jtW grp midtUf;Fk; nghJthdJ. grpf;F
rpq;fs jkpo; NtWghL fpilahJ.rpq;fs jkpo; NtWghL fpilahJ.
,e;ehl;L Fbkf;fSk; rkkhf elhj;jg;gLtjpy;iy. ,jw;Fr; rpwe;j vLj;Jf;fhl;L
[dhjpgjpapd; ikj;JdNu. mjhtJ kidtpapd; rNfhjuh;. mthplkpUe;j
ntspehl;Lg;gzk; rl;ltpNuhjkhdJ. Mdhy; nghyprhh; mth; nra;j Kiwg;ghl;il
kl;LNk tprhhpj;jdh;. fhzhky; Nghd kzpf;$l;ilj; NjLtjw;Nf nghyprhh;
<LgLj;jg;gl;ldh;. mtUf;nfjpuhf tof;F njhlug;gltpy;iy. Mdhy; ruj;
nghd;Nrfhtpd; kfsJ khkpahiu ePjpkd;Wf;F nfhz;LtUtjw;F nghyprhh; vt;tsT
Kaw;rp vLj;jhh;fs;.? ,it eifr;Ritahd rk;gtq;fNs. [dhjpgjpapd; rNfhjhpapd;
Njhl;lj;ij glnkLf;fr; nrd;w Gifg;gl fiyQUf;nfjpuhf gaq;futhj jLg;Gr; rl;lj;jpd;
fPo; tof;F Nghlg;gl;lJ. rl;lj;jpd; Kd; midtUk; rkndd;gJ mjd;%yk; njhpfpwjh?
murpyikg;gpd; 12 tJ cWg;Giuia rhpahf mKy;gLj;Jtjhapd; ve;j gpur;ridAk;
,y;iy. rpyh; rl;lj;jpd;Kd; mjpfhuk; ngWtjid mJ jLf;Fk;. murpayikg;gpdhy;
ehl;il epu;tfpf;f KbahJ. rpyh; mjid rhjfkhf ghh;j;jhYk; midj;Jg;
gpur;ridfisAk; jPh;f;fKbahJ. nta;khh; FbauR murpayikg;Gf;fikaNt `pl;yh;;
mjpfhuj;Jf;F te;jhh;. me;jsT ypguy; murpayikg;G cyfpy; vq;Fk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy.
mJ kpfTk; mhpa murpayikg;ghFk;. ve;jnthU murpayikg;gpYk; ePf;fNtz;ba
kw;Wk; itj;jpUf;f Ntz;ba tplaq;fs; ,Uf;Fk;. ,e;j murpayikg;gpYs;s tpfpjhrhu
gpujpepjpj;Jt Kiw ,uz;LKiw rpe;jpf;fhky; ePf;fg;glNtz;ba xd;whFk;. fl;rpj;
jiyth;fshy; cWg;gpdh;fs; njhpT nra;ag;gLk; NghJ RahjPdkhd cWg;gpdh;fs;
kpQ;rkhl;lhh;fs;. Mh;.[P. Nrdehaf;f> jq;fj;Jiu> Kjpahd;Nr njd;df;Nfhd;
Nghd;Nwhh; RNal;ir cWg;gpdh;fshf rpwg;ghd Nritahw;wpdhh;fs;.
tlkhfhz rigj; Njh;jypy; nghJrd If;fpa Kd;dzpNah> j.Nj.$l;likg;Ngh vth;
ntd;whYk; NtWghby;iy. Mdhy; j.Nj.$l;likg;G ,y;yhj gpur;ridia Vw;gLj;j
Kaw;rpf;fpwJ. jw;NghJ Gdpju;;fs; Nghy; ,Ue;jhYk; j.Nj.$l;likg;gpdh; tlf;F fpof;F
jkpo; kf;fsplj;jpy; jkpoh; jhafnkDk; gphptpid thjj;ijg; Ngh\pj;jhh;fs;.
,e;j ehl;Lepyg;gug;gpd; 33¤ vkf;Fhpanjd 12 tPjkhNdhh; $WtJ
Mgj;jhdjpy;iyah? If;fpa $l;likg;G Njh;jypy; ntd;whYk; ed;ik Vw;glhJ.
ehl;bd; ed;ik njhlh;ghd ghh;itapy; mth;fs; Nehf;Ftjpy;iy. fl;rpapdJk;>
FLk;gq;fspdJk; eyDf;fhd ghh;itNa cs;sJ. Nghh;f;fhyj;jpy; kfpe;j uh[gf;\
mth;fs; Njrg; gw;Wld; mDfpdhu;. rpy jPa rf;jpfSf;F rpwg;ghf Kfk; nfhLj;jhh;.
Ntnwe;j ehl;bYkpy;yhj Rje;jpuj;ij vk;khy; Vw;gLj;j Kbe;jJ.
khfhz rigfSf;nfjpuhd vjph;g;Gf;fis jw;Nghija epiyapy; rpyNgh;
,dthjkhff; fhl;l Kaw;rpf;fpd;wdh;. mjw;F ,dthj Kyhk; g+rg;gLtjdhy;
mt;thwhd epiy Vw;gl;bUf;fyhnkd;w re;Njfk; vOfpwJ. cr;r ePjpkd;wj;jpd;
midj;J ePjpaurh;fSk; jkpoh;fshapDk; jFjp ,Ug;gpd; epakpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,d
tpfpjhrhuj;Jf;fika njhopy; toq;f Ntz;Lnkd;W vk;khy; $wKbahJ. rpuhzp
gz;lhuehaf;fh mk;kzp njhlh;ghd gpur;ridia mtUf;Fk; [dhjpgjpf;F kpilapyhd
gpur;rid kl;LNk vd fhl;Ltjw;f;F rpyh; Kaw;rpnaLj;jdh;. Mdhy; kpfTk; rhjhuz
gpur;ridNa mjpypUe;jJ. mjid jPh;g;gjw;Nfh> tpsf;fkspg;gjw;f;Nfh epahakhd
tha;g;G toq;fg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; me;j rk;gtk; $l ge;jk; gpbf;Fk; murpaypd;
nfh^u Kfj;ij vLj;jJ.
62 C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013r kh jh d Neh f; F
tlf;F Njh;jYld; fsj;Jf;F te;Js;s %l ek;gpf;iffs;
Phot
o so
urce
: w
ww
.srila
nkag
uard
ian.
org
mrq;f ntypfyMa;thsu;>khw;Wf; nfhs;iffSf;fhd epiyak;
fpof;F khfhz MSeu; nkh`hd; tpN[tpf;uk> epu;khzpf;fg;gLk; Gjpa tPlikg;Gj; jpl;lj;ijg; ghu;itapLfpwhu;.
gjpd;%d;whtJ murpayikg;Gj; jpUj;jk;
,yq;iff;F mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;ljd;
Nehf;fj;ij vJntd;gjid
ngUk;ghNyhdh; kwe;J tpl;ldh;. nfhOk;G
efiu ikakhff;nfhz;L gy rk;gtq;fs;
eilngw;Wf;nfhz;bUf;fpwJ vd;gJ
kpfTk; njspthdJ. rpq;fs ,dthjpfsplk;
mjpu;\;ltrkhd gz;nghd;W ,Ug;gjhfTk;
mjNdhL ,ize;jjhff; $Wtjpy;
jtNwJkpy;iy. fhyj;Jf;Ff; fhyk; jkJ
,Ug;Gf;Fj; Njitahd jiyg;nghd;W
fpilg;gNj mJ. ehl;bd; ,iwik Nghd;w
xUNghJk; milaKbahj chpikfSf;fhf
Kd;epd;whYk; rpyNtis mjid
mtkhdg;gLj;Jtjhf $wtpy;iyahapd;
rpq;fs ,dthjpfSf;F rpytw;iw
Qhgfg;gLj;jNtz;Lk;. mjhtJ Mgphpf;ff;
fz;lj;ij ,yf;fpaj;jhy; kaf;fpg;Nghl;l
/ghd;]; f/g;fhtpd; ,e;jpu[hy
ajhh;j;jj;ijf;$l Njhw;f;fbf;ff; $basT
mjprakhd nr;ajpf; fijj;njhliu ,g;NghJ
mth;fs; cUthf;fp tUfpd;wdh;. jw;NghJ
mth;fSf;F fpilj;Js;s Gjpa jiyg;G
tlf;fpy; elhj;jg;glTs;s Njh;jyhFk;
mj;Jld; nghyP];> fhzp mjpfhuq;fis
toq;FtJk; mth;fsJ fLikahd
vjph;g;Gf;F fhuzkhf ,Ug;gjhfTk;
njhpa tUfpwJ. ehk; fw;w murpay;
tpQ;Qhdj;Jf;fika kl;Lkd;wp murpay;
tpQ;Qhdj;ij fw;Fk; cah;ju khztd;
$l gjpyspf;ff;$ba tpdh nthd;Wf;fhf
,dthjpfs; jkJ KO murpay;
nraw;ghl;ilANk mh;g;gzpj;Js;sjhff;
$WtJ Mr;rhpaj;Jf;Fhpa tplaky;y.
mjhtJ tlkhfhz rig epWtg;gl;lTld; mjhtJ tlkhfhz rig epWtg;gl;lTld;
mjNdhL ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;s fhzp> mjNdhL ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;s fhzp>
nghyP]; mjpfhuq;fSk; NrUk;NghJ nghyP]; mjpfhuq;fSk; NrUk;NghJ
mJ gphptpidthjj;Jf;F toprikf;Fk; mJ gphptpidthjj;Jf;F toprikf;Fk;
vd;gNj ,dthjpfspd; thjk;. ehd; Kd;G vd;gNj ,dthjpfspd; thjk;. ehd; Kd;G
Fwpg;gpl;l ,e;jpu[hy ajhh;j;jk; ,q;Nfjhd; Fwpg;gpl;l ,e;jpu[hy ajhh;j;jk; ,q;Nfjhd;
Njitg;gLfpwJ. mjhtJ ,jid cWjp Njitg;gLfpwJ. mjhtJ ,jid cWjp
nra;tjw;;F kpfr;rpwe;j fijf; fUf;fs; nra;tjw;;F kpfr;rpwe;j fijf; fUf;fs;
gytw;iw RitA+l;b Kd;itj;jy;. gytw;iw RitA+l;b Kd;itj;jy;.
mjw;fhf murpay; Njtij fijia mjw;fhf murpay; Njtij fijia
Kbf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,t;tplaj;jpy; cja Kbf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,t;tplaj;jpy; cja
fk;kd;gpyTf;F rthy;tplf;$ba vtuhtJ fk;kd;gpyTf;F rthy;tplf;$ba vtuhtJ
63C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013 r kh jh d Neh f; F
MSdh; njhlh;ghf
cja fk;gd;tpy
cl;gl ,dthjpfs;
vOg;Gk; fijahdJ
KOikahd
fw;gidahdNj jtpu
NtnwJTkpy;iy.
,Ug;ghuhapd; mJ rk;gpf;f uztf;f ,Ug;ghuhapd; mJ rk;gpf;f uztf;f
mikr;rNu jtpu NtW ahUky;y. mtuJ mikr;rNu jtpu NtW ahUky;y. mtuJ
kpfg; gpe;jpa ,e;jpu[hy fijAUthf;fkhdJ kpfg; gpe;jpa ,e;jpu[hy fijAUthf;fkhdJ
khfhzrig njhlh;ghd ehd;F khiafs; khfhzrig njhlh;ghd ehd;F khiafs;
MFk;. mth; kpfTk; rpukg;gl;L fhyj;Jf;F MFk;. mth; kpfTk; rpukg;gl;L fhyj;Jf;F
fhyk; nghUj;jkpy;yhj cjhuzq;fspd; fhyk; nghUj;jkpy;yhj cjhuzq;fspd;
cjtpAld; $Wtjw;F Kaw;rpf;Fk; KOf; cjtpAld; $Wtjw;F Kaw;rpf;Fk; KOf;
fijf;Fk; ehd; Kd;dh;$wpa cah;ju fijf;Fk; ehd; Kd;dh;$wpa cah;ju
khztdhy; $l gjpyspf;f KbAk;. khztdhy; $l gjpyspf;f KbAk;.
jw;NghJs;s mjpfhuq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp jw;NghJs;s mjpfhuq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp
tlf;fpy; elhj;jg;gLk; khfhz rigahdJ tlf;fpy; elhj;jg;gLk; khfhz rigahdJ
gphptpidthjj;ij Nehf;fpg; gazpg;gJ gphptpidthjj;ij Nehf;fpg; gazpg;gJ
kpfTk; ,yFthdJ vdTk;> mJ ehl;bd; kpfTk; ,yFthdJ vdTk;> mJ ehl;bd;
,iwikia ghjpf;Fk; vd;gNj mtuJ ,iwikia ghjpf;Fk; vd;gNj mtuJ
gpujhd thjkhFk;. mjw;fika ,e;j gpujhd thjkhFk;. mjw;fika ,e;j
thjj;Jf;F toq;ff;$ba xNunahU thjj;Jf;F toq;ff;$ba xNunahU
gjpyhdJ ,yq;if [dehaf Nrhrypr gjpyhdJ ,yq;if [dehaf Nrhrypr
Fbaurpd; murpay; ahg;Gf;fika ,e;j Fbaurpd; murpay; ahg;Gf;fika ,e;j
ehL ,g;NghJk; xw;iwahl;rp vd;gJk; ehL ,g;NghJk; xw;iwahl;rp vd;gJk;
khfhzrig vd;gJ mjw;fika khfhzrig vd;gJ mjw;fika
epWtg;gl;Ls;s myF kl;LNk vd;gJkhFk;. epWtg;gl;Ls;s myF kl;LNk vd;gJkhFk;.
1978,d; ,uz;lhtJ FbauR ahg;gpYk;>
mjw;f;F Kd;Ndhbahd 1972 FbauR
ahg;gpYk; ,uz;lhtJ cWg;Giuapy;
,yq;if FbauR xw;iwahl;rp muR
gpd;dzpapy; ,e;ehl;bd; rl;lG+h;t
murpayikg;G mjpfhuj;Jld; VjhtnjhU
murpay; fl;rpNah { FONth nraw;gl;lhYk;
me;j mjpfhuq;fis murpayikg;gpd;
Vw;ghLfSld; tiuaiwf;Fl;gl;L
gad;gLj;jyhNk jtpu xt;nthUth;
fw;gidapy; $WtJNghd;W gaq;fu
rk;gtk; VJk; elf;fhJ.
MSdh; njhlh;ghf cja fk;gd;tpy
cl;gl ,dthjpfs; vOg;Gk; fijahdJ
KOikahd fw;gidahdNj jtpu
NtnwJTkpy;iy. cz;ikapNyNa
mth;fs; fhl;LtJNghy MSdh;
Kf;fpakhd Ntisapy; nrayw;W
mjpfhukw;w eguhapd; mjpfhug;gfph;T
njhlh;ghf ek;gpf;if itj;jpUf;Fk; ehk;
kfpo;r;rpailNthnkdj; jaq;fhky; $w
Ntz;Lk;. ,Ug;gpDk; cz;ikapNyNa
ele;jpUg;gJ vd;dntd;why; mjpfhug;
gfph;T murpay; tpQ;Qhdj;jpd; mbg;gil
tplaq;fis cjhrPdg;gLj;jp rpw;rpy
gpw;Nghf;fhd Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf Kd;dpw;Fk;
MSdh; gjtp cUthfpAs;sJ vd;gNjhLk;
MSdh; gjtp njhlh;ghf Muha;e;J ghh;f;Fk;
NghJ kl;Lk; murpayikg;gpd; cWg;Giuapy;
cs;sgbNa nghUs; nfhs;sg;gLtJld;>
Gjpjhf tlf;fpy; gjtpf;F tuf;$ba
murpay; fl;rp njhlh;ghf fijf;Fk;NghJ
murpayikg;G hPjpahd Vw;ghLfSf;F
mg;ghy; gazpf;f KbAnkd;W Ghpe;Jnfhs;s
Ntz;baJ ,dthjpfspd; nraw;ghnld;wh
mt;thwpy;yhtpbd; re;jh;g;gthjj;Jf;NfAhpa
Fzhk;rkhfth vd;gJ njhlh;gpy;
kPz;Lk; xU jlit epidj;Jg;ghh;f;f
Ntz;bAs;sJ.
ehk; xUNghJk; MSdUf;Fhpa ghj;jpuj;ij
epuhfhpf;ftpy;iy vd;gjidAk;
vLj;Jf;fhl;l Ntz;Lk;. ,JNghd;w
xw;iwahl;rp Kiwapy; kj;jpa murpd;
gpujpepjpahf MSdUf;Fhpa cz;ikahd
ghj;jpukhdJ khfhz rigapy; murpd;
fUj;ij gpujpepjpj;Jtk; nra;tjhFk;.
,Ug;gpDk; mJ khfhzrigapd;
mj;jpahtrpa nraw;ghLfspy; ifitj;jy;
tiuf;Fk; mjpfhpf;Fkhapd; mq;Nf rpy
Kuz;ghLfs; cs;sjhf ehk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;. ,d;W fpof;F khfhzj;jpy;
eilngWtJ vd;d vd;gjid Kiwahf
Muha;e;J ghh;j;jhy; ,e;j tplaj;ij
njspTgLj;jpf; nfhs;syhk;. cz;ikahd
kf;fs; Njitf;fhf Muk;g ghlrhiyia
fy;tp mikr;ruhy; (khfhz) jpwf;fg;gl;l
kWehNs mjid %Ltjw;F MSdh;
eltbf;if vLj;jhh;. kf;fs; ,iwikia
Fiwj;J kjpg;gpLk; MSdUld; kf;fSf;F
Nrit nra;Ak; rpukkhd murpaiy
gad;gLj;jp rptNdrJiu re;jpufhe;jdpd;
jiyikapyhd khfhz rig nraw;gl;lJ
Nghd;Nw mg;Jy; k[Pj; jiyikapyhd
(mth; I.k.R. $l;likg;gpd; MAl;fhy
cWg;gpdh; vd;gjidAk; ftdpf;f
Ntz;Lk;) khfhz rigAk; mDgtpj;J
tUfpwJ.
,d;W mq;F mikr;ruit xU gf;fj;jpYk;> ,d;W mq;F mikr;ruit xU gf;fj;jpYk;>
MSdh; ,d;ndhU gf;fj;jpYk; ,Ug;gNj MSdh; ,d;ndhU gf;fj;jpYk; ,Ug;gNj
cz;ik epiyahFk;. mt;thwhd cz;ik epiyahFk;. mt;thwhd
Muk;g ghlrhiyiaf; $l Muk;gpg;gjw;F Muk;g ghlrhiyiaf; $l Muk;gpg;gjw;F
mjd; fy;tp mikr;rUf;F tha;g;G mjd; fy;tp mikr;rUf;F tha;g;G
,y;yhjpUg;gJ mJ gaq;futhj jLg;G ,y;yhjpUg;gJ mJ gaq;futhj jLg;G
rl;lj;jpd;fPo; nfhz;Ltuf; $ba jtnwd;W rl;lj;jpd;fPo; nfhz;Ltuf; $ba jtnwd;W
ghh;g;gjdhyh? ,y;iy. mJ ntWkNd ghh;g;gjdhyh? ,y;iy. mJ ntWkNd
murpayikg;G hPjpahd> rl;l Vw;ghLfis murpayikg;G hPjpahd> rl;l Vw;ghLfis
jhz;br;nrd;w jdpegh; mfq;fhuk; kw;Wk; jhz;br;nrd;w jdpegh; mfq;fhuk; kw;Wk;
epiwNtw;W mjpfhuj;jpd; ntg;gj;jpy; epiwNtw;W mjpfhuj;jpd; ntg;gj;jpy;
tPo;e;Jfplf;Fk; jdpeghpd; tpUg;gNk. tPo;e;Jfplf;Fk; jdpeghpd; tpUg;gNk.
64 C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013r kh jh d Neh f; F
mjhtJ tujuh[g; ngUkhd;
fhyj;Jld; (1990 - 1991
fhyg;gFjp) ,d;iwa epiyia
xg;gpLtJ Nghd;W Kl;lhs;
jdk; NtNwJk; ,Uf;fhJ
vd;gNjahFk;. kj;jpa
murpd; mrhjhuzkhd
mf;fiwapd;ik kw;Wk;
gpNukjh] mth;fs; jkpoPo
tpLjiyg; GypfSld;
nfhz;bUe;j kpfTk;
,ufrpakhd njhlh;Gfs;
fhuzkhf tpuf;jpaile;jpUe;j
tujuh[g;ngUkhd; jdJ
vjph;g;igf; fhl;Lk; FwpaPl;L
Kiwahf <o Njrj;ij
gpufldg;gLj;jpajhf mf;fhy
murpay; gpd;dzp njhlh;ghf
mwpe;jth;fSf;Fj; njhpAk;.
,dthjpfs; nghyP]; mjpfhuk; njhlh;gpy;
fl;bnaOg;Gk; thjKk; kpfTk; RitahdJ
vd;W $w Ntz;Lk;. mjd; khiaia xU
Gwk;js;sp ghh;g;gjhapd; gpd;dpizg;gpd;
(13MtJ murpayikg;G jpUj;jk;)
rl;lk; kw;Wk; xOq;F Mfpa Muk;gg;
gFjpf;F ftdj;ij nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;.
nghyP]; tplak; njhlh;ghf khfhzrig
ml;ltizapy; rl;lk;> xOq;F Mfpa
jiyg;gpNyNa mjd; njspTgLj;jy;
Muk;gkhfpwJ. mJ ,t;thW $WfpwJ.
1. gd;Kfg;gLj;jg;gLk; tplak;
fPo;fhl;lg;gLk; Kiwapy;
njspTgLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j cg
ml;ltizapy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sthW
khfhzj;jpDs;Ns nghJkf;fs;
rkhjhdk; kw;Wk; nghyP];
mjpfhuq;fis mKy;gLj;Jjy;.
Mdhy; mjpy; fPo;fhl;lg;gLk; tplaq;fs;
cs;slq;ff; $lhJ.
m) Njrpag; ghJfhg;G
M) Njrj;jpd; kpfr;rpwe;j ghJfhg;G kw;Wk;
,) VjhtnjhU MAj giliaNah>
rptpy; mjpfhuq;fSf;F cjTtjw;fhf
,yq;if murhq;fj;jpd; eph;thfj;jpd;
fPOs;s NtW gilfis <LgLj;Jjy;.
rpq;fs ,dthjpfs; jkJ KOtfpgq;if
Njrpa ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; Njrpa cah; ghJfhg;G
Mfpatw;Wf;fhfNt epiyepWj;jpapUg;gJ
,ufrpakhdjy;y. mg;gbahapd; mJ
kpfTk; njspthf khfhz nghyPRf;Fhpa
tplaky;y vd;gJ gjpd;%d;whtJ
jpUj;jj;jpy; cs;slf; fg;gl;bUf;Fk;
NghJ ,e;j murpay; fijnrhy;gth;fs;
fhl;Lk; khah[hy epfo;r;rpfspd; mh;j;jk;
vd;dntd;W Nfl;gJ kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdJ.
,q;Nf Fwpg;gplNtz;ba ,d;ndhU
Kf;fpa tplakhdJ nghyP]; mjpfhuq;fs;
Nghd;wtw;iw epuhfhpg;gth;fs; vg;NghJk;
nghyPrhiu ,uhZt mjpfhuj;Jldhd
,d;ndhU MAj gphpntd;w mh;j;jk;
fw;g;gpf;fpd;wdh;. rl;lk; kw;Wk; rkhjhdj;ij
ghJfhg;gjw;fhf ve;jnthU muRf;Fk;>
khfhz muRf;Fk; xj;Jioj;jy;>
mjd; %ykhf rptpy; eph;thfj;jpd;
ed;elj;ijia cWjpg;gLj;JtJk; nghyPrpd;
gzpg;nghWg;ghFk;. ,Ug;gpDk; nghyP];
njhlh;ghf fijj;Jf;nfhz;L mjw;Fhpa
tpNrl mjpubg;gil (mJ ehl;by; epytpa
mikjpapd;ikia mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;L kj;jpa murpdhy; 80 jrhg;jj;jpy;
Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l nghyPrpd; kpfr;rpwe;j MAj
gphpthFk;.) Nghd;w cjhuzq;fis
,Oj;Jg; Nghl;Lf;nfhz;L mh;j;jk; $w
Kw;gLtjd;%yk; nghJkf;fsplj;jpy;
gag;gPjpia cz;lhf;fp cg;G rpul;ilf;Fs;
Kjiyia fhz;gjw;;fhf mth;fis
miog;gjhfNt Njhd;WfpwJ.
mJ kl;Lkh? ,y;iy. ,t;thW
,y;yhjtw;iw Nrhbg;gjid njhlh;r;rpahf
Nkw;nfhz;L ,d;DnkhUtiu fsj;Jf;F
miof;fpd;wdh;. mjhtJ tlf;F fpof;F
khfhzj;jpd; Kd;dhs; Kjyikr;rh;
tujuh[g; ngUkhid ,Of;fpd;wdh;.
mth; jdpahd nghyP]; gilg;gphpnthd;iw
njhz;lh; gilg;gphpT vDk; ngahpy;
cUthf;fpajhfTk;> mJNghd;Nw ve;jnthU
Kjyikr;rUk; nraw;gl KbAnkd;Wk;
$Wfpd;wdh;. ,t;thwhd rpWgps;isj;
jdkhd thjq;fSf;F gjpyspg;gJ xU
tifapy; Neuj;ij tPzbg;gjhf ,Ue;jhYk;
mwpTrhh; thrfh;fSf;F xU tplaj;ij
kl;Lk; Qhgfg;gLj;j tpUk;GfpNwd;. mjhtJ
tujuh[g; ngUkhd; fhyj;Jld; (1990
– 1991 fhyg;gFjp) ,d;iwa epiyia
xg;gpLtJ Nghd;W Kl;lhs; jdk; NtNwJk;
,Uf;fhJ vd;gNjahFk;. kj;jpa murpd;
mrhjhuzkhd mf;fiwapd;ik kw;Wk;
gpNukjh] mth;fs; jkpoPo tpLjiyg;
GypfSld; nfhz;bUe;j kpfTk;
,ufrpakhd njhlh;Gfs; fhuzkhf
tpuf;jpaile;jpUe;j tujuh[g;ngUkhd;
jdJ vjph;g;igf; fhl;Lk; FwpaPl;L Kiwahf
<o Njrj;ij gpufldg;gLj;jpajhf
mf;fhy murpay; gpd;dzp njhlh;ghf
mwpe;jth;fSf;Fj; njhpAk;. mth; mt;thW
jdpehl;il gpufldk; nra;jhNu jtpu
,e;ehl;bd; ,iwikf;F mr;RWj;jyhd
vjidAk; nra;atpy;iy. cz;ikapNyNa
mth; ,e;jpahTf;Fj; jg;gpNahl Kd;dh;
,yq;if muRf;F VjhtJ vjph;g;G
fhl;LtjidNa nra;jhh;. tlf;fpy; j.tp.
Gypfspd; gpur;ridAk;> njw;fpy; Njrg;gw;W
,af;fk; kw;Wk; (N[.tp.gp) mr;RWj;jYf;F
kj;jpapy; ghjpf;fg;gl;bUe;j kj;jpa mur
nghyP]; kw;Wk; gilapdUf;F mjid
Kwpabf;f Ntz;ba Gul;rpahf mJ
,Uf;ftpy;iy vd;gJld; epyikia xNu
jlitapy; kj;jpa murhy; rPuhf;f ,aYkhf
,Ue;jJ. mf;fhy epyik njhlh;ghf kjpg;gPL
65C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013 r kh jh d Neh f; F
ve;jnthU Kjyikr;rUk;
MSdiu kPwp
nraw;gLtjidAk; ehk;
mq;fPfhpf;ftpy;iy. mjw;Ff;
fhuzk; KOikahd
gjpd;%d;whtJ jpUj;j rl;lKNk
kj;jpa murpd; fPohd eph;thf
myfhf Fwpg;gpl;bUg;gjhFk;.
mjd;NghJ khfhz
MSdUk; khfhzj;jpd;
rpwe;j ,Ug;ig xJf;fptpl;L
fpof;F khfhzj;jpy;
,lk;ngWtJ Nghd;W
fhiyapNyNa midj;J
ehspjo;fisAk; thrpj;J>
jkJ khfhzj;Jf;Fhpa
midj;J rpW tplaq;fisAk;
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L
mikr;ruitf;F
MNyhridAk;>
cj;juTfisAk; toq;f
Kw;gl;lhy; Vw;gLk; epyik
vd;d?
nra;tJld; jw;Nghija gpd;dzpgw;wp
ePq;fs; nfhQ;rk; rpe;jpj;Jg; ghUq;fs;.
Nghhpd; ntw;wpAld; ,e;ehl;bd;
gilapdh; tlf;fpd; %iy KLf;nfy;yhk;
epiynfhz;bUg;gJld;> njd; Mrpahtpy;
kpf cah;e;j ,uhZt guk;gYila
tyakhf tlf;F khfhzNk ,Uf;fpwJ.
mjw;;F Nkyjpfkhf lf;s]; Njthde;jh
fl;rpfspd; MAj tuyhw;iwf; nfhz;l
muRld; ,ize;Js;s fl;rpfshf tlf;fpy;
XusT mjpfhuj;ij ntd;Ws;sd. vkJ
fw;gid rhpahdjhf ,Ug;gpd; tlf;Ff;F tlf;Ff;F
epakpf;fg;gLk; MSdh; ngUk;ghYk; epakpf;fg;gLk; MSdh; ngUk;ghYk;
jw;NghJ fpof;F khfhz MSdhpd; jw;NghJ fpof;F khfhz MSdhpd;
tfpgq;ifNa tfpg;ghh;. mjw;Fk; Nkyjpfkhf tfpgq;ifNa tfpg;ghh;. mjw;Fk; Nkyjpfkhf
1990 kw;Wk; ,d;iwa fhyg;gFjpf;fpilapy; 1990 kw;Wk; ,d;iwa fhyg;gFjpf;fpilapy;
murpay; je;jpNuhghaj; Jiwapy; Vw;gl;Ls;s murpay; je;jpNuhghaj; Jiwapy; Vw;gl;Ls;s
khw;wq;fspd; Neub gyidAk; kj;jpa muR khw;wq;fspd; Neub gyidAk; kj;jpa muR
ntw;wp nfhs;tjpy; ve;jnthU rpukKk; ntw;wp nfhs;tjpy; ve;jnthU rpukKk;
,y;iy. ,t;thwhd #oiktpy; jkpo; ,y;iy. ,t;thwhd #oiktpy; jkpo;
Njrpa $l;likg;Ngh NtW mjpfhuj;Jf;F Njrpa $l;likg;Ngh NtW mjpfhuj;Jf;F
tUk; murpay; fl;rpNah kj;jpa muRf;F tUk; murpay; fl;rpNah kj;jpa muRf;F
rthyhf ,Uf;ff;$bathwhd nghyPir rthyhf ,Uf;ff;$bathwhd nghyPir
cUthf;f KbAnkd;W gfy; fdT fz;L cUthf;f KbAnkd;W gfy; fdT fz;L
tpopj;njOe;j fk;gd;gpy Nghd;w gpugy tpopj;njOe;j fk;gd;gpy Nghd;w gpugy
murpay;thjpfisj; jtpu NtnwtUk; murpay;thjpfisj; jtpu NtnwtUk;
$wkhl;lhh;fs;.$wkhl;lhh;fs;.
khfhz rig njhlh;ghd khiaapd;
mbg;gilapy; khiaahd r%fj;ij
cUthf;Ftjw;f;F cj;jpNahfG+h;tkhf
tha;g;Gg; ngw;Ws;s murpay; fijGid
Nthh;fSf;F gjpyspg;gjid xUgf;fk;
itj;Jtpl;L> jw;Nghija ajhh;j;jk;
njhlh;ghf tpsf;fpdhy; xU tplak;
njhpatUk;. mJ [dehaf murpayikg;igr;
rhpahf gad;gLj;Jk; tof;fk; ,JtiuAk;
vk;kpilNa ,y;yhjpUg;gjhFk;.
mt;thwhd murtplankhd;wpd;NghJ
,Ujug;Gk; ntw;wpngwf;$ba (Win Win Situation) Kbit ngwf;$bajhf
,Ue;jNghjpYk; vg;NghJk; xU jug;G
ntw;wpngw Ntz;L nkdTk;> kWjug;G
Njhy;tpaila Ntz;LnkDk; Nehf;F
(Win - Loose) gutpapUg;gJ vkJ ehl;by;
mKypYs;s [dehaf Ml;rpf;NfAhpa
FiwghlhFk;. ve;jnthU khfhz
rigAk; ntw;wpngWtjhapd; mjd;
MSdUf;Fk;> mikr;ruitf;Fkpilapy;
rpwe;j cwT ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
mt;thNw ,Ujug;ghUk; gad;gLj;Jk;
mjpfhuj;jpy; xOf;f rkepiy (Check and balance) Nghd;w gz;Gfs; ,Uj;jy;
Ntz;Lk;. ve;jnthU Kjyikr;rUk;
MSdiu kPwpr; nraw;gLtjidAk; ehk;
mq;fPfhpf;ftpy;iy. mjw;Ff; fhuzk;
KOikahd gjpd;%d;whtJ jpUj;j
rl;lKNk kj;jpa murpd; fPohd eph;thf
myfhf Fwpg;gpl;bUg;gjhFk;. mjd;NghJ
khfhz MSdUk; khfhzj;jpd; rpwe;j
,Ug;ig xJf;fptpl;L fpof;F khfhzj;jpy;
,lk;ngWtJ Nghd;W fhiyapNyNa
midj;J ehspjo;fisAk; thrpj;J>
jkJ khfhzj;Jf;Fhpa midj;J rpW
tplaq;fisAk; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L
mikr;ruitf;F MNyhridAk;>
cj;juTfisAk; toq;f Kw;gl;lhy;
Vw;gLk; epyik vd;d? mjdhy; [dehaf
eph;thfnkhd;wpy; ve;jnthU eph;thf myFk;
jkJ vy;iyia kPwp nraw;glhkypUg;gjw;f;F
ghh;j;Jf;nfhs;Sjy; mjd; ey;ypUg;Gf;F
jhf;fk; nrYj;Jk; Kf;fpakhd fhuzpahFk;
vd;gjid ftdpf;f Ntz;baJ
Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.
,Wjpahf jw;NghJ mur Clfq;fisAk;>
NtW gy;NtWtpjkhd %yq;fSf;fk;
ftdk; nrYj;Jk;NghJ vtUf;Fk; tpsq;Fk;
xU tplak; cs;sJ. mjhtJ tlf;F
Njh;jypy; Nghl;bapl Kd;te;jpUg;gJ jkpo;
Njrpa $l;likg;G vDk; fl;rpad;W jkpoPo
tpLjiyg; Gypfs; ,af;fNk vd;gjhFk;.
NkhjYf;F gpd;duhd fhyj;jpy; ey;ypzf;f
murpaiy vjph;ghh;j;jpUf;Fk; Kf;fpakhd
Ntisapy; [dehaf Nghl;lj;jpy;
njhlh;r;rpahf nraw;gl;LtUk; rpWghd;ik
Njrpa fl;rpnahd;Wf;F mt;thW Kj;jpiu
Fj;Jtjdhy; muR jw;fhypf ed;ikia
ngwKbAk;. ,Ug;gpDk; ePz;lfhy hPjpapy;
mjdhy; ed;ik Vw;glhJ. jkpo;Njrpa
$l;likg;ig ,d;dKk; muRld;
neUq;Ftjw;f;fhd Gjpa je;jpNuhghak;
njhlh;gpy; Muha;e;J ghh;f;fNtz;Lk;
vd;gjid nrhy;yhkypUf;f KbahJ.
mjd;gb tlf;F Njh;jyhdJ tlf;F>
njw;F [dehafhPjpahf njhlh;e;Jk;
,uz;Lgl;L nra;a Kbahjnjd;gJk; vkJ
vjph;ghh;g;ghFk;.
66 C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013r kh jh d Neh f; F
gpuptpidthjj;jpw;Fj; Jiz NghFk;
tlf;fpd; Nju;jy;
tlf;fpy; eilngwTs;s
khfhz rigj; Nju;jy;
njhlu;ghf gyuJ ftdk;
<u;f;fg;gl;Ls;snjdj;
njwpfpwJ. ,j; Nju;jiy
Njrg;gw;Ws;Nshu;
vd;w tifapy; ehk; kpf
tpNrlkhfNt ghu;f;fpd;Nwhk;.
mjw;Fg; gy fhuzq;fs;
cz;L. khfhz rigfs;
kl;Lkd;wp nghJthf
gjpd;%d;whtJ jpUj;jk;
KOtJk; ,e; ehl;by;
mKy;gLj;jg;gLtJ
ehl;bd; ,iwikapid
mghaj;jpw;Fl;gLj;JtjhFk;
vd;gNj vkJ fUj;jhFk;.
mJ kl;Lkd;wp ,yq;ifapy;
gpuptpidthjj;ij tsu;f;Fk;
kpf Kf;fpa ce;Jrf;jpahFk;.
Phot
o so
urce
: w
ww
.bus
ines
stod
ay.lk
/ ww
w.id
a.w
p.go
v.lk
/
cja gpughj; fk;kd;gpy tptrha - fkey Nritfs; mgptpUj;jp> ePu;g;ghrd> thzpg Rw;whly; mikr;R Nky; khfhz rig
tlf;fpy; eilngwTs;s khfhz rigj; Nju;jy; njhlu;ghf gyuJ ftdk;
<u;f;fg;gl;Ls;snjdj; njwpfpwJ. ,j; Nju;jiy Njrg;gw;Ws;Nshu; vd;w tifapy; ehk;
kpf tpNrlkhfNt ghu;f;fpd;Nwhk;. mjw;Fg; gy fhuzq;fs; cz;L. khfhz rigfs;
kl;Lkd;wp nghJthf gjpd;%d;whtJ jpUj;jk; KOtJk; ,e; ehl;by; mKy;gLj;jg;gLtJ
ehl;bd; ,iwikapid mghaj;jpw;Fl;gLj;JtjhFk; vd;gNj vkJ fUj;jhFk;. mJ
kl;Lkd;wp ,yq;ifapy; gpuptpidthjj;ij tsu;f;Fk; kpf Kf;fpa ce;Jrf;jpahFk;.
,q;F ahUf;fhtJ xU gpur;rpid cUthfyhk;. mjhtJ mt;thwhd xU mghafu
epiyikapd; fPo; ehk; Vd; tlf;F khfhz rigj; Nju;jiy elhj;Jtjw;F ,jw;F Kd;
,zq;fpNdhk;? 2005 Mk; Mz;by; 'kfpe;j rpe;jid" nfhs;ifj; jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; 2005 Mk; Mz;by; 'kfpe;j rpe;jid" nfhs;ifj; jpl;lj;jpd; %yk;
xw;iwahl;rp mikg;gpw;Fs; mjpfhuj;ijg; gfpu;tjw;F rk;kjk; njuptpf;fg;gl;likNa xw;iwahl;rp mikg;gpw;Fs; mjpfhuj;ijg; gfpu;tjw;F rk;kjk; njuptpf;fg;gl;likNa
mt;thW ,lk;ngw VJthaike;jJ. tpNrlkhf kfpe;j rpe;jid vjpu;fhy mt;thW ,lk;ngw VJthaike;jJ. tpNrlkhf kfpe;j rpe;jid vjpu;fhy
njhiyNehf;fpy; tl khfhz rigj; Nju;jiy elhj;Jtjw;F ,zf;fk; fhzg;gl;lJ.njhiyNehf;fpy; tl khfhz rigj; Nju;jiy elhj;Jtjw;F ,zf;fk; fhzg;gl;lJ.
Gypg; gaq;futhjk; Njhw;fbf;fg;gl;likiaj; njhlu;e;J KO ehl;bYk; midj;J
67C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013 r kh jh d Neh f; F
,t;thwhd mgpyhi\fspd; fPo;
tl khfhz rig jw;NghJs;s
mjpfhuq;fSld; jkpo; Njrpa
$l;lzpapd; iffSf;Fr;
nry;tJ ,e;ehl;il ,uj;jf;
fskhf khw;wf;$ba xd;W
vd;gjid ehk; Vw;fdNt
mwpNthk;. mtu;fs;
khfhz rigia
Vw;gLj;jpaTlNdNa gpuptpid
thjj;jpw;Fr; nry;y khl;lhu;fs;.
rpq;fs ,dthj rf;jpfspd;
Cfq;fisg; ngha;g;gpj;J
njw;fpy; gytPdkhd xU
murhq;fk; tUk; tiu mtu;fs;
fhyk; flj;Jthu;fs; vd;gNj
cz;ikahFk;. tpNrlkhf
rkPg fhyq;fspy; gjtp tfpj;j
re;jpupf;fh> uzpy; Nghd;w xU
murhq;fk; tUk; tiu mtu;fs;
vjpu;ghu;g;Gld; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
rpWghd;ikapdupd;
thf;Ffis ikakhff;
nfhz;Nl mt; murhq;fq;fs;
gjtpapy; ,Ue;jd. ,t;
tplak; njhlu;ghd njhiy
Nehf;F xd;W vk;kplk;
fhzg;gl;ljdhNyNa
ehk; khfhz rig
Kiwik xopf;fg;gl
Ntz;Lnkd;w nra;jpia
r%fkag;gLj;jpNdhk;.
JiwfspYk; GjpanjhU Muk;gk;
njhlu;ghf vkf;Fs; GjpanjhU vjpu;ghu;g;G
epytpaNj mjw;fhd fhuzkhFk;. jkpo;
gpuptpidthjk; jkJ Nehf;fq;fis
,d;dKk; iftpltpy;iy vd;gNj ehk;
fhZfpd;w ajhu;j;jkhFk;. td;dpapy;
eilngw;w Aj;jj;jpid INuhg;gh tiu
nfhz;L nrd;wjidg; Nghd;W mjid
NtW xU jpirapy; uh[je;jpu Aj;jkhf
khw;Wtjw;F jkpo; jPtputhjpfs; ngUk;
Kaw;rp Nkw;nfhz;ldu;. mjd; tpisthf
2011 Mk; Mz;lstpy; epyg; gpuNjrkw;w
jkpo; Njrnkhd;W gy];jPd> jpngj;
khjpupf;F mika Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
mJ jkpo; <oj;jpw;fhd mbg;gilapidAk;
toq;fpaJ. cUj;uFkhu; mjd; gpujkuhfj;
njupthdhu;. ,g; g+kpapy; ,y;yhj xd;W
vd;gJld; ,yq;ifapYk; fhzg;glhj
xd;W vd;w tifapy; ehk; mjidf;
fUj;jpw; nfhs;stpy;iy. vdpDk; jkpo;
$l;likg;gpd; jiytu; jpU. Mu; rk;ge;jd;
kl;lf;fsg;gpy; eilngw;w jkpo; muRf;
fl;rpapd; tUlhe;j khehl;bd; NghJ
jkpo; <ok; njhlu;ghf mtu;fSf;Fs;
fhzg;gLk; mgpyhi\ khw;wkpd;wp
fhzg;gLtjhf Fwpg;gpl;lhu;. jkpo;
gpuptpidthjj;jpd; tbtk; kl;LNk
khw;wkile;Js;sJ vd;gjidNa
ehk; ,jpypUe;J Gupe;Jnfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;. ve;jnthU Aj;jj;jpd;
NghJk; mjNdhL ,ize;jjhf mjd;
murpay; Kd;dzpfs; Njhy;tp fhz;gJ
,aw;ifNa. N[u;kdpapy; `pl;yu; Njhy;tp
fz;lJld; mjd; ghj; fl;rpapd; murpaYk;
mjidj; njhlu;e;Jk; Njhy;tpaile;jJ.
mJkl;Lkd;wp rjhk; `_irdpd;
kuzj;jpd; gpd; <uhf;fpy; ghj; fl;rp
,d;Wk; $l jil nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. mNj
epiyik jhd; Mg;fhdp];jhd; jiyghd;
,af;fj;jpw;Fk; Neu;e;jJ. NkYk; Kghuf;
gjtp ePf;fk; nra;ag;gl;lijj; njhlu;e;J
vfpg;jpy; mtUld; njhlu;Ggl;l murpaYk;
jil nra;ag;gl;lij midtUk; mwptu;.
MapDk; ,yq;ifapy; vy;.uP.uP.< ,af;fk; MapDk; ,yq;ifapy; vy;.uP.uP.< ,af;fk;
Njhy;tpaile;jhYk; mjd; murpay; Njhy;tpaile;jhYk; mjd; murpay;
Kd;dzp nraw;ghl;L epiyapYs;sik Kd;dzp nraw;ghl;L epiyapYs;sik
gw;wp ehk; Mokhf fUj;jpw;nfhs;s gw;wp ehk; Mokhf fUj;jpw;nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;. jkpo; Njrpaf; $l;lzp Ntz;Lk;. jkpo; Njrpaf; $l;lzp
jkpo; nry;tj;Jf;Fg; gjpyhf ru;tNjr jkpo; nry;tj;Jf;Fg; gjpyhf ru;tNjr
rf;jpfsplk; MNyhrid ngw;Wf;nfhs;tNj rf;jpfsplk; MNyhrid ngw;Wf;nfhs;tNj
,d;Ws;s xNunahU tpj;jpahrkhFk;. ,d;Ws;s xNunahU tpj;jpahrkhFk;.
,j; jkpo; gpuptpidthjj;jpd; murpay; ,j; jkpo; gpuptpidthjj;jpd; murpay;
JiwNa ,d;W jkpo; r%fj;jpd; rdehaf JiwNa ,d;W jkpo; r%fj;jpd; rdehaf
uPjpapyhd jiytu;fshf cs;sdu;. uPjpapyhd jiytu;fshf cs;sdu;.
gpuptpidthjj;jpw;F JizNghFk; gpuptpidthjj;jpw;F JizNghFk; tl khfhz rigj; Nju;jy; tl khfhz rigj; Nju;jy;
,t;thwhd mgpyhi\fspd; fPo;
tl khfhz rig jw;NghJs;s
mjpfhuq;fSld; jkpo; Njrpa $l;lzpapd;
iffSf;Fr; nry;tJ ,e;ehl;il ,uj;jf;
fskhf khw;wf;$ba xd;W vd;gjid
ehk; Vw;fdNt mwpNthk;. mtu;fs;
khfhz rigia Vw;gLj;jpaTlNdNa
gpuptpid thjj;jpw;Fr; nry;y khl;lhu;fs;.
rpq;fs ,dthj rf;jpfspd; Cfq;fisg;
ngha;g;gpj;J njw;fpy; gytPdkhd xU
murhq;fk; tUk; tiu mtu;fs; fhyk;
flj;Jthu;fs; vd;gNj cz;ikahFk;.
tpNrlkhf rkPg fhyq;fspy; gjtp tfpj;j
re;jpupf;fh> uzpy; Nghd;w xU murhq;fk;
tUk; tiu mtu;fs; vjpu;ghu;g;Gld;
,Ug;ghu;fs;. rpWghd;ikapdupd;
thf;Ffis ikakhff; nfhz;Nl mt;
murhq;fq;fs; gjtpapy; ,Ue;jd. ,t;
tplak; njhlu;ghd njhiy Nehf;F
xd;W vk;kplk; fhzg;gl;ljdhNyNa
ehk; khfhz rig Kiwik
xopf;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkd;w nra;jpia
r%fkag;gLj;jpNdhk;. mt;thwpy;yhtpbd;
,jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;w er;Rj;
jd;ikapidf; Fiwg;gjw;F ehk; Kay
Ntz;Lk;. Mff; Fiwe;jJ jPu;khdkhd
5 tplaq;fs; njhlu;ghf jpUj;jq;fs;
nfhz;Ltug;gl Ntz;Lnkd;gNj
mt;thW mghaj;ijf; Fiwg;gjw;F
ehk; rku;g;gpf;Fk; NahridahFk;.
jFe;j fhuzq;fSld; ,t;thW
thjj;jpw;Fl;gLj;jpa NghJ jPtputhjpfs;
mjw;F Kw;wpYk; jtwhd xU
tpsf;fj;jpid toq;fpAs;shu;fs;.
mjhtJ ehk; tlf;F khfhz rigj;
Nju;jiy vjpu;f;fpNwhk; vd;gjhFk;.
mJ Kw;wpYk; ngha;ahFk; vd;gJld;
vkJ njspthd Ntz;LNfhs; khfhz
rig Kiwik xopf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;
vd;gjhFk;. mij epiwNtw;Wtjpy; VJk;
rpukk; fhzg;gbd; gpd;tUk; 5 tplaq;fs;
njhlu;ghf mjpfhuj;jpYs;s Fwpj;j egu;fs;
jkJ ftdj;ijr; nrYj;j KbAk;. nghyp];
fhzp Mfpa mjpfhuq;fs; mfw;wg;gly;>
khfhz rig tplag;gl;baYld; njhlu;ghf
ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;F rl;l tiunthd;W
nfhz;Ltug;gLk; re;ju;g;gj;jpy; rfy
khfhz rigfspdJk; mq;fPfhuk;
68 C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013r kh jh d Neh f; F
khfhzg; nghypRf;Fg;
nghWg;ghf mjd; gpujpg;
nghyp]; kh mjpgu; gjtp
tfpg;gJld; mtu; Fwpg;gpl;l
khfhzj;jpd; Kjyikr;rUf;F
kl;LNk fl;Lg;gl;bUg;ghu;.
gpujpg; nghyp]; kh mjpgu;
Kjyikr;rupd; Mizf;Ff;
fl;Lg;gl;ltuhf ,Uf;f
Ntz;Lnkd;gNj ,jd; %yk;
njspthfpwJ. jdJ nghyp];
kh mjpguplkd;wp murpay;thjp
xUtuhd Kjyikr;rupd;
Miziag; ngWtjw;F gpujpg;
nghyp]; kh mjpgu; md;wpypUe;J
epu;g;ge;jpf;fg;gl;Lthu;.
,Jtiu mt;thwhd xU
epiyik jdJ fl;rpapd;
jiytuhd [dhjpgjp
mtu;fs; jdJ mjpfhuq;fis
mDgtpj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;
NghJ mjw;F vjpuhf
eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F
Kjyikr;ru;fs; Kd;
tuhikahFk;.
ngw;wgly; Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;Fg; gjpyhf
ngUk;ghd;ikahd khfhz rigfs;
vd khw;wg;gly; kw;Wk; mt;thW
khfhz rigf;F MizapLk; mjpfhuk;
,e;jpahtpd; m.m.rl;lj;jpYk; (256.257
gpupTfs;) Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sthW
jw;Nghija murhq;fj;jpw;Fk; toq;Fjy;
Mfpa tplaq;fNs ehk; typAWj;Jk;
Ie;jk;r tplaq;fshFk;. ,t; Ie;J
tplaq;fSk; epiwNtw;wg;glhtpbd; jkpo;
gpuptpidthjk; kPz;Lk; tlf;fpid Xu;
,uj;jf; fskhf khw;Wk; vd;gJ njl;lj;
njspthFk;.
murhq;fj;jpd; ngUk;ghd;ik murhq;fj;jpd; ngUk;ghd;ik mjpfhuKk; vjpu;fhy mghaKk;mjpfhuKk; vjpu;fhy mghaKk;
jw;Nghija murhq;fj;jplKs;s
ngUk;ghd;ik mjpfhuj;jpidf; nfhz;L
Fwpj;j khfhz rigfis Vd; xopf;f
KbahJ vd gyu; mbf;fb tpdTfpd;wdu;.
mjw;fhd gjpiy toq;Ftjw;F Kd;
xU tplaj;ijf; Fwpg;gply; Ntz;Lk;.
mjhtJ mghafukhd epiy ,d;W
my;yJ ehis my;y vjpu;fhyj;jpNyNa
Njhd;Wk; vd;gjhFk;. gytPdkhd
murhq;fnkhd;W tUk; tiu fhj;jpUe;J
mjd; gpd; gpuptpidthjpfs; jkJ
eltbf;iffis Muk;gpf;fyhk;
vd;gNj mjw;fhd fhuzkhFk;. ehk;
mwpe;j tifapy; tpfpjhrhu Kiwj;
Nju;jypd; %yk; 2{3 ngUk;ghd;ik
mjpfhuj;ijg; ngWtJ fbdkhd xU
nray; vd mjid Vw;ggLj;jpatu;fs;
typAWjjpAs;shu;fs;. MapDk;
Aj;j ntw;wpapd; gpd;dzpapy; 144
Mrdq;fisg; ngw;W mjd; mUNf nry;y
,e;j murhq;fk; jpwik ngw;wJ. vjpu;fl;rpg;
ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdu;fs; mbf;fb jkJ
murpay; fl;rpia khw;wpaikj;jjd;
jatpdhNyNa mJ nkd;NkYk;
tYtile;jJ. Aj;j ntw;wpNa jdJ
fl;rp khw;wj;jpid epahag;gLj;Jtjw;F
re;ju;g;gkhf;fpf; nfhs;s mtu;fshy;
Kbe;jJ. ngUk;ghd;ik mjpfhuj;ij
gpuNahfpg;gjw;fhd re;ju;g;gNk
jw;NghJ cUthfpAs;sJ. mJ jdpNa
ehl;bd; vjpu;fhy ];jpug;ghl;bw;fhfNt
cUthf;fg;gl;lJ vd;gjid fl;lhak;
typAWj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;. gytPdkhd
Mz;Lfspd; gpd;dzpapd; fPo;
gpuptpidthjpfs; re;ju;g;gj;ijg;
gad;gLj;jp jkJ Nehf;fq;fis
epiwNtw;wpf; nfhs;thu;fshapd; ehk;
midtUf;Fk; Xykpl KbANk jtpu
Ntnwhd;Wkpy;iy.
khfhz rigfs; njhlu;ghd %l khfhz rigfs; njhlu;ghd %l ek;gpf;iffs; ek;gpf;iffs;
nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; njhlu;ghf kpfTk;
rpf;fyhd epiyikNa fhzg;gLfpwJ.
1990 Mk; Mz;by; nghyp]; xOq;F
tpjpfs; tpNrl rl;lk; [dhjpgjp gpNukjhr
mtu;fspdhy; mwpKg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
[dhjpgjp mtu;fspdhy; tu;j;jkhdp
%yk; mwptpf;fg;gLk; jpfjpNa mjd;
,uz;lhk; gpupT nraw;gLj;jg;gly;
Ntz;Lk;. ,Jtiu mt;thwhd xd;W
,lk;ngwtpy;iy. ehk; kwe;j xU
tpNrl fhuzp ,q;Nf fhzg;gLfpwJ.
mjhtJ nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; vd;gJ
khfhz rigf;Fupa xU tplak;
vd;gJld; mjNdhL njhlu;ghd
epajpr;rl;lnkhd;iwj; jahupg;gjw;F
khfhz rig murhq;fj;jpd; my;yJ
Ntnwe;j mjpfhu epWtdq;fspd;
mq;fPfhuj;ijg; ngwj; Njitapy;iy.
mjw;F Vw;g ehisa jpdNkahdhYk;
mt;thwhd xU rl;l uPjpahd
Vw;ghl;bD}lhf khfhz rig nghyp];
mjpfhuq;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Kaw;rp
nra;ayhk;. mJ kl;Lky;y. khfhzg;
nghypRf;Fg; nghWg;ghf mjd; gpujpg;
nghyp]; kh mjpgu; gjtp tfpg;gJld; mtu;
Fwpg;gpl;l khfhzj;jpd; Kjyikr;rUf;F
kl;LNk fl;Lg;gl;bUg;ghu;. gpujpg; nghyp];
kh mjpgu; Kjyikr;rupd; Mizf;Ff;
fl;Lg;gl;ltuhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lnkd;gNj
,jd; %yk; njspthfpwJ. jdJ
nghyp]; kh mjpguplkd;wp murpay;thjp
xUtuhd Kjyikr;rupd; Miziag;
ngWtjw;F gpujpg; nghyp]; kh mjpgu;
md;wpypUe;J epu;g;ge;jpf;fg;gl;Lthu;.
,Jtiu mt;thwhd xU epiyik
jdJ fl;rpapd; jiytuhd [dhjpgjp
mtu;fs; jdJ mjpfhuq;fis
mDgtpj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ mjw;F
vjpuhf eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F
Kjyikr;ru;fs; Kd; tuhikahFk;.
ehk; Cfpf;fpd;wthNw ngUk;ghYk; tl
khfhz rigapd; ntw;wp jkpo; Njrpaf;
$l;lzpf;Nf fpilf;fyhk;. mt;thwhd
xU #o;epiyapy; jkJ mjpfhuq;fisf;
NfhUtjw;F mtu;fs; Kaw;rpf;f
khl;lhu;fs; vdf; fUj KbahJ. MfNt
69C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013 r kh jh d Neh f; F
ehk; ijupakhfTk;
re;Njfkpd;wpAk; jkpo;
<oj;ij Kw;WKOjhf
epuhfupf;fhjpUg;gpd;
,d;Dk; ,e;ehL jkpo;
gpuptpidthjj;jpd; nrhu;f;f
Gupahf khwpapUf;Fk;
vd;gjid ,q;F mtrpak;
Fwpg;gply; Ntz;Lk;.
[hjpf n`y cWka>
gaq;futhjj;jpw;F vjpuhd
Njrpa ,af;fkhf $l;Lr;
Nru;e;j Muk;g fl;lq;fspy;
Njrpa uPjpahd nghWg;G vd;d
vd;gJ gw;wp Gupe;Jzu;Tld;
nraw;gl;Ls;sJ.
mjw;Nfw;g ekf;fpilNa
Vida midtUk;
vkJ Ngr;rhsu;fshf
khwpas;sjid ehk;
fhzf;$bajhAs;sJ.
kj;jpa muRf;F rw;Wj; njhiytpy;
fhzg;gLk; Fwpj;j mjpfhuq;fis
ehk; XusT tiuaWf;f Ntz;Lk;.
ftdpf;fg;gl Ntz;ba kw;iwa tplak;
ahnjdpy; fy;ypy; ehUupj;jy; Nghd;W kpf
mupjhf eilngw KbAkhd gjpndhU
tpjkhd (ii) Fw;wq;fs; njhlu;ghf
khj;jpuNk kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpd; nghyp];
nraw;gl KbAk;. epjp> ru;tNjr ,uhZtk;
kw;Wk; FbtuT Nghd;w Fw;wq;fs;
,jw;F Vw;GilajhFk;. mt;thW Gjpjhf mt;thW Gjpjhf
Vw;gLj;jg;gLk; xU khfhz rigapy; Vw;gLj;jg;gLk; xU khfhz rigapy;
nghypRf;Fg; Gjpjhf Ml;Nru;g;gpidAk; nghypRf;Fg; Gjpjhf Ml;Nru;g;gpidAk;
mtu;fNs Nkw;nfhs;tu;. cq;fisAk; mtu;fNs Nkw;nfhs;tu;. cq;fisAk;
vd;idAk; gaq;nfhs;sr; nra;Ak; vd;idAk; gaq;nfhs;sr; nra;Ak;
gaq;fukhd xU Qhgfk; ,J njhlu;ghf gaq;fukhd xU Qhgfk; ,J njhlu;ghf
cs;sJ. mjhtJ md;iwa tlf;F cs;sJ. mjhtJ md;iwa tlf;F
fpof;F khfhz rigapd; Kjyikr;ru; fpof;F khfhz rigapd; Kjyikr;ru;
mtu;fs; nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; vd;w mtu;fs; nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; vd;w
Nghu;itapy; njhz;lu; nghyp]; gil Nghu;itapy; njhz;lu; nghyp]; gil
xd;iw Vw;gLj;jpaikAk; mjidj; xd;iw Vw;gLj;jpaikAk; mjidj;
njhlu;e;J jkpo; <o ehL vd;w xd;iw njhlu;e;J jkpo; <o ehL vd;w xd;iw
gpufldg;gLj;jpaikAk; MFk;. mt;thNw gpufldg;gLj;jpaikAk; MFk;. mt;thNw
xU jiyg;gl;rkhfg; gpuflzg;gLj;jg;gl;l xU jiyg;gl;rkhfg; gpuflzg;gLj;jg;gl;l
jkpo; <oj;jpw;fhd gpd;dzpahff; jkpo; <oj;jpw;fhd gpd;dzpahff;
fhzg;gl;l ,J vq;F Ngha; KbtilAk; fhzg;gl;l ,J vq;F Ngha; KbtilAk;
vd;gijg; Gupe;Jnfhs;tJ $l vd;gijg; Gupe;Jnfhs;tJ $l
fbdkhfTs;sJ. fbdkhfTs;sJ.
mLj;j Kf;fpa tplak; fhzp
mjpfhuq;fshFk;. ve;jnthU fhzpf;Fupa
cWjpia [dhjpgjp mtu;fSf;F
kl;LNk toq;f KbAk; vd;gjdhy; mJ
gw;wpg; gag;glj; Njitapy;iy vd vkJ
murhq;fj;jpYs;s xU rpy mikr;ru;fs;
$l fUj;Jj; njuptpj;jdu;. NkNyhl;lkhfg;
ghu;j;jhy; mjpy; Xu; cz;ikAk; cs;sJ.
fhzp cupikahsu;fisg; fhzp cupikahsu;fisg;
gupe;Jiuj;jy; khfhz rigfspdhy; gupe;Jiuj;jy; khfhz rigfspdhy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLtJld; mjid Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLtJld; mjid
mq;fPfupj;jy; kl;LNk [dhjpgjpapdhy; mq;fPfupj;jy; kl;LNk [dhjpgjpapdhy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. ngUk;ghYk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. ngUk;ghYk;
khfhz rigfs; fhzp toq;Fk; NghJ khfhz rigfs; fhzp toq;Fk; NghJ
fhzp cWjpfs; %yk; md;wp tUlhe;j fhzp cWjpfs; %yk; md;wp tUlhe;j
mDkjpg; gj;jpuq;fs; (jw;fhypf) %yNk mDkjpg; gj;jpuq;fs; (jw;fhypf) %yNk
fhzpfis toq;FfpwJ. khfhz rigNa fhzpfis toq;FfpwJ. khfhz rigNa
mjidg; GJg;gpf;fpd;wJ. mjidg; GJg;gpf;fpd;wJ.
cq;fSf;F QhgfkpUf;Fkhapd;
rpw;rpy mgptpUj;jpj; NjitfSf;fhf
nfhOk;G efupy; fhzg;gl;l xU rpy
jw;fhypf fl;blq;fs; mfw;wg;gLk;
NghJ nfhOk;G efuk; KOtJk;
gyj;j vjpu;g;G njuptpf;fg;gl;lJld;
Clfq;fs; murhq;fj;ij
rq;flj;jpw;Fs;shf;Fk; tpjkhf
nraw;gl;ld. ehk; tyf;ifahy; ,Wfg;
gpbj;Jf;nfhz;Ls;sij ,lf;ifapdhy;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sjidNa
ehk; njspTgLj;j Ntz;bAs;sJ.
MfNt fhzp mjpfhuq;fs; vd;gJ
[dhjpgjpapd; fhzp cWjpapd; %yk;
jPu;f;ff;$banjhd;wy;y.
kw;iwa khiaAk; kpfg; gykhf
gyuplj;jpy; NtW}d;wpf; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
mjhtJ MSeu; gw;wpa tplakhFk;. mjhtJ MSeu; gw;wpa tplakhFk;.
khfhz rig mjpfhu tupirapy; khfhz rig mjpfhu tupirapy;
mtu; mjpAau; gPlj;jpy; ,Ug;gjhfTk; mtu; mjpAau; gPlj;jpy; ,Ug;gjhfTk;
[dhjpgjpapdhy; epakpf;fg;gLtjdhy; [dhjpgjpapdhy; epakpf;fg;gLtjdhy;
mtu; khfhz rigapy; kpfTk; mtu; khfhz rigapy; kpfTk;
rj;jpAila xU ebgq;if tfpg;gjhfTk; rj;jpAila xU ebgq;if tfpg;gjhfTk;
,g; gpd;dzpapy; mtuJ epiwNtw;W ,g; gpd;dzpapy; mtuJ epiwNtw;W
mjpfhuk; khfhz rigapy; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mjpfhuk; khfhz rigapy; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
tha;e;jJ vdTk; mNefkhd tha;e;jJ vdTk; mNefkhd
re;ju;g;gq;fspy; $wg;gLfpd;w xU re;ju;g;gq;fspy; $wg;gLfpd;w xU
tplakhFk;. cz;ikapy; mJ Xustpw;Nf tplakhFk;. cz;ikapy; mJ Xustpw;Nf
cz;ikahFk;. cz;ikahFk;. MapDk; cz;ikapy;
mtu; ,e; ehl;by; 1974 Kjy; 1978
tiuahd fhy vy;iyf;Fs; gjtp tfpj;j
[dhjpgjpf;Nf epfuhff; fUjg;gLthNu
jtpu jw;NghJs;s epiwNtw;W
mjpfhuKs;s [dhjpgjpf;F my;y.
MSeupd; jw;WzpGk; khfhz MSeupd; jw;WzpGk; khfhz mikr;ruitpad; $l;Lg; nghWg;Gk; mikr;ruitpad; $l;Lg; nghWg;Gk;
MSeupd; ifnahg;gk; jw;WzpGldhf
ifnahg;gk; my;y vd;gjidf; Fwpg;gply;
Ntz;Lk;. mjDs; epiwNtw;W
mjpfhuk; fhzg;gltpy;iy. epajpr;rl;l
nkhd;whapDk; XusT jhkjpf;fr; nra;af;
$bajhAs;s NghJk; VNjDk; rl;lg;
gpd;dzpapNyNa mjid epiwNtw;Wjy;
Ntz;Lk;. cjhuzkhf xU epajpr;rl;lk;
murpayikg;Gf;F Vw;wjh ,y;iyah
vd;w tplak; njhlu;ghf rl;l MNyhrid
ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk;. mt;thwhd xU
re;ju;g;gj;jpd; NghJ mjw;fhf epahakhd
xU fhy mtfhrk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl
KbAk;. mjw;F Nky; eltbf;if
Nkw;nfhs;tjhapd; mjNdhL njhlu;ghd
xU fl;lisapid khfhz ePjpkd;wj;jpd;
%yk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;baJld;
MSeu; trKs;s rl;l MNyhrfuJ cjtp
vr; re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk;.
NkYk; rl;kh mjpgupd; MNyhridAk;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl KbAk;. ,q;F ,q;F
ftdj;jpw; nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;ba tplak; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;ba tplak;
70 C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013r kh jh d Neh f; F
ahnjdpy; rl;l uPjpahd mjpfhukd;wp ahnjdpy; rl;l uPjpahd mjpfhukd;wp
murpay; mjpfhuk; ahuplk; jq;fpAs;sJ murpay; mjpfhuk; ahuplk; jq;fpAs;sJ
vd;gjhFk;. re;jpupf;fh gz;lhuehaf;f vd;gjhFk;. re;jpupf;fh gz;lhuehaf;f
FkhuJq;f mk;ikahu; epiwNtw;W FkhuJq;f mk;ikahu; epiwNtw;W
mjpfhu [dhjpgjpg; gjtpapy; ,Ue;j mjpfhu [dhjpgjpg; gjtpapy; ,Ue;j
re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; mtu; fhw;Wg; Nghd gY}re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; mtu; fhw;Wg; Nghd gY}
idg; Nghd;w epiyikf;F Mshd xU idg; Nghd;w epiyikf;F Mshd xU
re;ju;g;gk; cUthfpaJ. mJ 2002 -2004 re;ju;g;gk; cUthfpaJ. mJ 2002 -2004
FWfpa fhyg; gFjpapy; epytpa jpU. uzpy; FWfpa fhyg; gFjpapy; epytpa jpU. uzpy;
tpf;fpukrpq;f mtu;fspd; jiyikapyhd tpf;fpukrpq;f mtu;fspd; jiyikapyhd
I.Nj.f. murhq;fj;jpd; fPo; MFk;. I.Nj.f. murhq;fj;jpd; fPo; MFk;.
Fwpg;ghf njw;fpid tplTk; tlf;fpy; Fwpg;ghf njw;fpid tplTk; tlf;fpy;
MSeu; kpf ju;krq;fljjpw;Fl;gl MSeu; kpf ju;krq;fljjpw;Fl;gl
KbAk;. eilKiw murpaypy; khfhz KbAk;. eilKiw murpaypy; khfhz
rigfs; kw;Wk; mjw;F ntspNa Mfpa rigfs; kw;Wk; mjw;F ntspNa Mfpa
,uz;bYk; mtuJ cjtpf;F vtUk; ,uz;bYk; mtuJ cjtpf;F vtUk;
,Uf;fg; Nghjpy;iy vd;gNj mjw;fhd ,Uf;fg; Nghjpy;iy vd;gNj mjw;fhd
fhuzkhFk;. murpay; mjpfhuj;jpd; fPo; fhuzkhFk;. murpay; mjpfhuj;jpd; fPo;
jdJ mjpfhuj;ijg; gupNrhjpg;gjid jdJ mjpfhuj;ijg; gupNrhjpg;gjid
tpl uP.vd;.V. Nghd;w vjpupilahd tpl uP.vd;.V. Nghd;w vjpupilahd
murpay; jug;gpdu; Kd;dpiyapy; murpay; jug;gpdu; Kd;dpiyapy;
ntWk; cj;jpNahfg+u;t mjpfhuj;jpidf; ntWk; cj;jpNahfg+u;t mjpfhuj;jpidf;
nfhz;L jdJ epiwNtw;W mjpfhuj;ijg; nfhz;L jdJ epiwNtw;W mjpfhuj;ijg;
guPl;rpj;Jg; ghu;j;jy; rpwe;j xU Kaw;rpahf guPl;rpj;Jg; ghu;j;jy; rpwe;j xU Kaw;rpahf
,Uf;f KbahJ. ,Uf;f KbahJ.
[dhjpf n`y cWkaTk; mjd; [dhjpf n`y cWkaTk; mjd; Kd;Ndhbg; gzpAk; Kd;Ndhbg; gzpAk;
vy;.uP.uP.< ,af;fj;ijj; Njhw;fbf;f Kbahj
xU rf;jp vd;gNj 2000 Mk; Mz;lstpy;
,e; ehl;by; kpf tYthff; fhzg;gl;l
MSq; fl;rpapdJk; vjpu;fl;rpapdJk;
kNdhghtkhf ,Ue;jJ. MapDk;
2005 Mk; Mz;lstpy; vkf;Fk;
k`pj;j uh[gf;\ mtu;fSf;Fkpilapy;
ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;l xg;ge;j;jpd; %yk;
,e;ehl;by; xw;iwahl;rp Kiwik
fl;bnaOg;gg;gl Ntz;Lnkd
Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJld; ehk; $wpait
,d;W kf;fs; Kd; ajhu;j;jkhfpAs;sJ.
tuyhw;W uPjpahf> njhy;nghUs; uPjpahf>
murpay; uPjpahf my;yJ rl;l uPjpahf jkJ
jdpahd jkpo; Njrk; vd;w epiyg;ghl;il
kf;fs; Kd; ep&gpf;f Kbahky;
Nghd gpuptpidthj jiytu;fSf;F
cz;ikahd xU rthyhf Muk;gk;
KjNy eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;s KbAkhf
,Ue;jikapid xU ghf;fpakhfNt
nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
ehk; ijupakhfTk; re;Njfkpd;wpAk; jkpo;
<oj;ij Kw;WKOjhf epuhfupf;fhjpUg;gpd;
,d;Dk; ,e;ehL jkpo; gpuptpidthjj;jpd;
nrhu;f;f Gupahf khwpapUf;Fk; vd;gjid
,q;F mtrpak; Fwpg;gply; Ntz;Lk;.
[hjpf n`y cWka> gaq;futhjj;jpw;F
vjpuhd Njrpa ,af;fkhf $l;Lr; Nru;e;j
Muk;g fl;lq;fspy; Njrpa uPjpahd nghWg;G
vd;d vd;gJ gw;wp Gupe;Jzu;Tld;
nraw;gl;Ls;sJ. mjw;Nfw;g
ekf;fpilNa Vida midtUk; vkJ
Ngr;rhsu;fshf khwpas;sjid ehk;
fhzf;$bajhAs;sJ.
jkpo; Njrpa $l;likg;gpd; ,Wjpr; jkpo; Njrpa $l;likg;gpd; ,Wjpr; re;ju;g;gk; re;ju;g;gk;
jpk;G Ngr;Rthu;;j;ij cl;gl ,J tiu
,lk;ngw;w midj;J gpuptpid
thjpfspd; Nfhupf;iffisf; nfhz;Nl
Ngr;Rthu;j;ijfs; mbg;gilahf
mike;jd. VNjDnkhU epahakhd
gpd;dzpapid mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;L my;y. VNjDnkhU
mOj;jj;jpidf; nfhLj;J mjd; %yk;
xd;iwg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sy; jkpo;
gpuptpidthjj;jpw;Nf cupj;jhd xU
,ay;ghFk;. 1958 Kjy; 1987 rpq;fs
murpay; thjpfs; jkpo; gpuptpid
thjpfspd; Fwpj;j ,g; gz;gpid
vjpu;nfhs;s Neupl;lJld; mt; midj;J
mOj;jq;fspdJk; ,Wjp tpisthf
VNjhnthU xg;ge;jk; cUthfpAs;sJ.
Fwpj;j ,e; epiyikfspd; fPo; jkpo; Fwpj;j ,e; epiyikfspd; fPo; jkpo;
$l;likg;gpw;F fpilj;Js;s ,Wjp $l;likg;gpw;F fpilj;Js;s ,Wjp
re;ju;g;gk; ghuhSkd;w njupTf; re;ju;g;gk; ghuhSkd;w njupTf;
FO vdf; fUj KbAk;. epahakw;w FO vdf; fUj KbAk;. epahakw;w
Nfhupf;iffis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L Nfhupf;iffis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L
md;wp epahakhd xU gpd;dzpapy; md;wp epahakhd xU gpd;dzpapy;
Nfhug;gLk; ve;j xd;iwAk; toq;f ehk; Nfhug;gLk; ve;j xd;iwAk; toq;f ehk;
fl;Lg;gl;Ls;Nshk;. jkpo; kf;fSf;Fg; fl;Lg;gl;Ls;Nshk;. jkpo; kf;fSf;Fg;
gpur;rpidfs; ,y;iynad vk;khy; $w gpur;rpidfs; ,y;iynad vk;khy; $w
KbahJ. mjid mtu;fNs $w Ntz;Lk; KbahJ. mjid mtu;fNs $w Ntz;Lk;
vd;gJld; epahakhdnjd mtu;fNs vd;gJld; epahakhdnjd mtu;fNs
ep&gpf;fTk; Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW ep&gpf;fTk; Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW
ep&gpg;gjw;F mtu;fshy; KbAkhapd; ep&gpg;gjw;F mtu;fshy; KbAkhapd;
jkpo; <oj;ijf; $l toq;Ftjw;F ehk; jkpo; <oj;ijf; $l toq;Ftjw;F ehk;
tpUk;Gfpd;Nwhk;. MfNt ghuhSkd;w tpUk;Gfpd;Nwhk;. MfNt ghuhSkd;w
njupTf; FO Kd;dpiyapy; r%fkspj;J njupTf; FO Kd;dpiyapy; r%fkspj;J
jkJ fUj;jpid vk; Kd;dpiyapy; jkJ fUj;jpid vk; Kd;dpiyapy;
cWjpg;gLj;JkhW ehk; mtu;fSf;Ff; cWjpg;gLj;JkhW ehk; mtu;fSf;Ff;
$WtJld; ,d;DnkhU tpNrlkhd $WtJld; ,d;DnkhU tpNrlkhd
tplaj;ijAk; mjNdhL ,izj;jy; tplaj;ijAk; mjNdhL ,izj;jy;
Ntz;Lk;. mjhtJ toik Nghd;W Ntz;Lk;. mjhtJ toik Nghd;W
mbg;gilaw;w epge;jidfSld; mbg;gilaw;w epge;jidfSld;
khiaiag; gug;gp jkJ fUj;jpid vkf;F khiaiag; gug;gp jkJ fUj;jpid vkf;F
kj;jpapy; ep&gpf;f tUtjhapd; ehk; kj;jpapy; ep&gpf;f tUtjhapd; ehk;
mt;thwhd Kaw;rpfis ntWf;fpd;Nwhk;. mt;thwhd Kaw;rpfis ntWf;fpd;Nwhk;.
mJ kl;Lkd;wp mt;thwhd FWfpa thjg; mJ kl;Lkd;wp mt;thwhd FWfpa thjg;
gpujpthjq;fSf;F gjpyspf;fTk; ehk; gpujpthjq;fSf;F gjpyspf;fTk; ehk;
jahuhfTs;Nshk;.jahuhfTs;Nshk;. Fwpj;j ghuhSkd;w
njupTf; FO njhlu;ghd thjq;fspd;
NghJ rpyu; mjpy; jp];] tpjhuz
my;yJ =.y.K.fh. gpujpepjpj;Jtk;
,q;F ,y;yhik xU FiwghL vd
Fwpg;gpl;lhf Ntz;Lk;. Vd; u`_g;
`f;fPk; mjw;F nghUj;jkw;wtu; vd;gJ
vdf;Fk; Gupatp;y;iy. MapDk; mjw;fhd
gjpiy ,.R.f. my;yJ murhq;fj;jpd;
Clfg; Ngr;rhsNu $w Ntz;bAs;sJ.
mt;thwpUg;gpDk; jp];] tpjhuz
mtu;fs; ,y;yhik gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpl KbAk;.
mtuJ murpay; mDgtk; gw;wp vkf;F
vJtpj gpur;rpidAk; ,y;iy. MapDk;
murhq;fk; ,lJrhupfs; ,UtUf;Fk;
,jw;fhd re;ju;g;gj;ij toq;fpAs;sJ.
mJ thRNjr ehzaf;fhu mtu;fSk;
ba+ FzNrfu Mfpa ,UtUk; Mtu;.
I.k.R.Kd;dzpf;Fupa 16 Mrdq;fs;
njhlu;gpy; ghuhSkd;w njupTf; FOtpy;
19 gpujpepjpfs; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sdu;.
nkhj;j vz;zpf;if 31 MFk;. ePq;fs;
mwpe;jthW I.k.R.K. vd;gJ gq;fhspf;
fl;rpfs; gytw;wpd; xU $l;Lr; Nru;f;if
vd;gJld; mtu;fs; midtUf;Fk;
rkkhd re;ju;g;gq;fs; toq;fg;gly;
Ntz;Lk;. ,t; mbg;gilapDk; kPw ,lJ
rhupfspd; rpwpjsT gpujpepjpj;Jtj;Jld;
$ba flrpfSf;F 2 gpujpepjpfs;
toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,t;thwhd
gpd;dzpapy; jpU. jp];] tpjhuz ,lk;
xJf;fg;glhikahdJ Ntz;Lnkd;Nw
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l xd;W vdf; fUJtJ
epahakpy;iy. MapDk; ,jw;F VNjDk;
jPu;T ,y;yhkYk; ,y;iy. mjhtJ
Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l ,lJrhup rhu;e;j
,uz;L gpujpepjpfSs; xUtu; tpyfp jpU.
jp];] tpjhuz mtu;fSf;F re;ju;g;gk;
toq;FtjhFk;. jd;id tpl mtu;
nghUj;jkhdtu; vd mtu;fSs; xUtu;
fUJthuhapd; mt; mu;g;gzpg;gpid
vJtpj rpukKkpd;wp Nkw;nfhs;s KbAk;.
71C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013 r kh jh d Neh f; F
fhkpdp [atpf;uk ngNuuhjiytu;> If;fpa Njrpa fl;rp
Phot
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: w
ww
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ombo
tele
grap
h.co
m
tlKidapy; thOk;
kf;fSf;F chpj;jhd Fiwe;jsT mjpfhuj;ij
toq;FNthk;
khfhz rig Kiwik
xopj;jy; my;yJ mjd;
mjpfhuq;fisf;
Fiwj;jy; njhlh;gpy;
epj;jpiu ,d;wp jkJ
murpay; nraw;jpl;lq;fis
Nkw;nfhs;fpd;w
,dg;gw;whsu;fs;
njhlh;gpy; eLepiyAld;
Nehf;Ffpd;Nwd;. vd;gij
,q;F njhptpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
,e;jpahtpd; mOj;jk;
fhuzkhf N[.Mh;.
[ath;jd ,e;j Kiwia
Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhh; vd;w
fhuzj;ij $wp ,ij
epuhfhpf;Fk; chpik vkf;F
,y;iy.
,e;ehl;by; khfhz rig Kiwik ];jhgpf;fg;gl;lijj; njhlh;e;J mjw;F vjpuhf
rpw;rpy vjph;g;Gf;fs; cUthfpdhYk; mt; vjph;g;Gf;fis fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf chpa
jug;gpdh; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;bapUe;j flikfs; fhzg;gl;ld. mjhtJ> khfhz rig
fl;likg;ghdJ vkJ ehl;Lf;Fg; nghUe;Jk;. mNjNtis kf;fSf;F Fwpg;gpl;l Nritia
toq;ff; $ba nghwpKiw vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;j Ntz;ba flikNa mJ. ,e;j tplak;
njhlh;gpy; ,Jtiuapy; khfhz rig Kjyikr;rh;fshf gjtpNaw;w vj;jid Ngh;
rthyhf epidj;jhh;fs; vd;gJ njhlh;gpy; ehdwpNad;. MapDk; 5 tUlq;fs; 6 khjq;fs;
5 ehl;fs; mjhtJ KOikahd xU khfhz rigapy; Kjyikr;ruhf nrayhw;wpaij
ehd; kPl;bg; ghh;g;gJ kdjpw;fpdpa xU tplakhfNt cs;sJ vd;gij ,q;F njhptpj;jhf
72 C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013r kh jh d Neh f; F
midj;J khfhz rigfspYk;
cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;s epajpr;
rl;lq;fisf; $l;bdhy; mJ
500f;F cl;gl;Nl ,Uf;Fk;.
mJTk; tUlhe;jk; fl;lhakhf
Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;ba epjp
{ Fiw epug;gpr; rl;lq;fisAk;
Nrh;e;Nj mJ mikAk;. MapDk;
tlNky; khfhz rigf;F ehd;
jiyikj;Jtk; toq;fpa
rig ,e;j nraw;ghLfSf;F
vjpuhf nraw;gl;l mNjNtis>
tUkhdj;ij <l;lf;$ba
midj;J gphpTfs; njhlh;gpy;
mtjhdk; nrYj;jp rl;lq;fis
jahhpj;J cld;ghl;il
Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s Kaw;rpfis
vLj;jJ. ehk; mq;F khfhz
Rw;whly; mjpfhu rigia
cUthf;fpa NghJ mjw;F
chpa mikr;rplkpUe;J ghhpa
vjph;g;G vOe;jhYk; mijAk;
fl;Lg;gLj;jp chpa rl;lq;fis
cUthf;fpf;nfhs;s Kbe;jjd;
fhuzkhf ,d;Wk; tlNky;
khfhz rigf;F tUkhdj;ij
<l;bj;jUk; xU topahf mJ
,Uf;fpd;wJ
Ntz;Lk;. ,d;W khfhz rigapd;
nghUj;jg;ghL njhlh;gpy; fye;JiuahLk;
ngUk;ghyhNdhh; tlNky; khfhz
rigapy; ehd; toq;fpa jiyikj;Jtk;
toq;fpa fhyg;gFjpia cjhuzkhf
nfhs;tjD}lhf fhzf;$ba xU tplak;
ehd; Vw;fdNt $wpa rthiy ntw;wp
nfhs;s vd;dhy; Kbe;Js;sikNa MFk;.
khfhz rig Kiwik xopj;jy;
my;yJ mjd; mjpfhuq;fisf; Fiwj;jy;
njhlh;gpy; epj;jpiu ,d;wp jkJ murpay;
nraw;jpl;lq;fis Nkw;nfhs;fpd;w
,dg;gw;whsu;fs; njhlh;gpy; eLepiyAld;
Nehf;Ffpd;Nwd; vd;gij ,q;F
njhptpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,e;jpahtpd;
mOj;jk; fhuzkhf N[.Mh;. [ath;jd
,e;j Kiwia Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhh; vd;w
fhuzj;ij $wp ,ij epuhfhpf;Fk;
chpik vkf;F ,y;iy. ,e;jf; fl;likg;G
ve;j mbg;gilapy; ,Uf;fpd;wnjd;w
fhuzpapd; mbg;gilapNyNa ehk;
,e;j tplak; gw;wp NgRk; NghJ rpe;jpf;f
Ntz;Lk;. cz;ikapNyNa KO
khfhz rig KiwikAk; xw;iwahl;rpf;
fl;likg;gpd; mbg;gilapNyNa
cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. jdp xU
khfhzkhf gphpe;J nraw;gLtjw;F
cUthf;fg;gltpy;iy. mijg; gw;wpf; $l
rpe;jpf;f ,th;fSf;F mtfhrk; ,y;iy.
ehd; Kjyikr;ruhf ,Ue;j Ntisapy;
cyf tq;fp> Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp
Nghd;w ghhpa rh;tNjr epWtdq;fSld;
xg;ge;jq;fis ifr;rhj;jpl;l mNjNtis
tlNky; khfhzk; xw;iwahl;rp murhf
nraw;gLtjw;F rthyhf ,Ue;j khfhz
rig Kiwikf;F vjpuhf nraw;gl;l
egh;fs; $l ,jw;Ff; Fw;wk; Rkj;jtpy;iy.
tlf;fpy; my;yJ fpof;fpy; ngUk;ghd;ik
khfhz rig cWg;gpdh;fs; jkpo;
my;yJ K];ypk; egh;fshf ,Ug;gjd;
%yk; vt;tpj gpur;rpidAk;
,y;iy. fhuzk; xw;iwahl;rp mur
fl;likg;gpw;F rthy; tpLf;Fk; mstpw;F
khfhz rig nghwpKiw tYthd
xd;whf mikahjthW ,Ug;gjw;F
Muk;gj;jpNyNa cUthf;fpath;fs;
Nahrpj;jpUe;jdh;. vdNt> ,t;
,dthjpfspd; kdg;gak; ntWk; Gw;Wf;F
gae;j fij vd;Nw $w Ntz;Lk;.
mDgtkpy;yhj Gjpa xUtdhf
ehd; khfhz rigf;F tutpy;iy.
kj;jpa murpd; gpugy mikr;ruhf
,Ue;jNghNj khfhz rigf;F te;Njd;.
Njrpa murpaypy; ,iztjw;F gpuNjr
murpay;thjpfs; Kaw;rpf;Fk; NghJ
ehd; gpuNjr murpaYf;F te;Njd;.
mJ 1988 Mz;L Nk khjk; 04k; jpfjp
MFk;. ehd; vjpu;Nehf;fpa ,uz;L
rthy;fSf;F ntF rPf;fpuk; jPh;T fhz
Ntz;bapUe;jJ. mjhtJ> KO ehLk;
N[.tp.gp. fpsu;r;rpia vjpu;Nehf;fpa NghJ
khfhz rigapd; nraw;ghLfis chpa
Kiwapy; Nkw;nfhs;sy; kw;Wk; Gjpa
mDgtq;fisf; nfhz;l GjpanjhU
khfhz rigf;F cap&l;LtJ
vdJ flikfshfpd. ,e;j ,uz;L
tplaq;fisAk; Jy;ypakhff; ifahz;L
ntw;wp fz;lij ,q;F ehd; njhptpf;f
Ntz;Lk;. N[.tp.gp. gpur;rpid gbg;gbahf
jPh;f;fg;gl;l mNjNtis> khfhz
rigf;F rpwe;jnjhU Muk;gj;ijg; ngw;Wf;
nfhLg;gjw;F ,uz;L topKiwfis
ghpNrhjpj;Jg; ghh;f;fj; jPh;khdpj;Njd;.
mitahtd> mikr;ruitAld;
Kbe;jsT neUf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jp
ve;jnthU re;jh;g;gj;jpYk; Njitahd
mjpfhuq;fs; tplaq;fs; vd;gtw;iw
xg;gilg;gjd; %yk; nraw;gLjy;.
mNjNtis Mw;wy; kpf;f mYtyh; Fohk;
xd;iw njhpT nra;J nfhz;Nld;.
kpff; FWfpa fhyg;gFjpapy; mjw;fhd
gyd; fpilj;j mNjNtis mikr;rh;fsJ
khj;jpukd;wp vjph;f;fl;rp cWg;gpdh;fsJ
xj;Jiog;igAk; kpf ,yFthf ngw
gpw;fhyj;jpy; vd;dhy; Kbe;jJ. md;W
ehd; ,izj;Jf; nfhz;l mYtyh;
Fohk; ve;jsT jkJ fsj;jpy; jpwikahf
nraw;gl;ldh; vd;W $Wtjhapd;
mth;fspy; gyh; jkJ Nritapy; ,Ue;J
Xa;T ngWk; NghJ epuy; mikr;Rf;fspy;
epue;jur; nrayhsh;fshfg; gzpahw;wpdu;
vd;gijAk; ,q;F $w Ntz;Lk;. ,uT
gfy; ghuhJ ehd; vdJ nraw;ghLfis
Nkw;nfhs;tijf; fz;l mYtyh;fSk;
vdJ Kaw;rpf;F cWJidhaf
,Ue;jdh;. ve;jnthU re;jh;;g;gj;jpYk;
vdJ nraw;ghLfSf;F jilahf
,Ue;jjpy;iy. vkf;fpilapy; rpwe;j
njhlh;Gfs; tsh;r;rpaile;jd.
mLj;jjhf Fwpg;gpl Ntz;ba
tplak; ahnjdpy; kj;jpa murpd;
73C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013 r kh jh d Neh f; F
mjdbg;gilapy;
jw;NghJ muNrhL
,izAk; egh;fSf;F
xU tplaj;ij njhptpf;f
ehd; tpUk;GfpNwd;.
mjhtJ jkpo; kf;fSf;Fk;
Vida rpWghd;ik
,dj;jth;fSf;Fk;
jkf;Nf cupajhd
khfhz rignahd;iw
eph;khzpg;gjw;fhd re;jh;g;gk;
fpilj;Js;sJ. ,e;jr;
re;jh;g;gj;jpy; gytifahd
re;Njfq;fisAk;
gaj;ijAk; Vw;gLj;jp mij
gadw;wjhf;f Ntz;lhk; vd
Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpNwd;.
nraw;ghNl. ehd; kj;jpa murpd;
mikr;ruitiaAk; kPwp rpw; rpy
nraw;jpl;lq;fis Nkw;nfhz;l NghJ
mJ njhlh;gpy; N[.Mh; [ath;jdtplk;
Kiwapl;l egh;fs; ,Ug;gijAk; ehd;
fz;Zw;Nwd;. vd;id nfhOk;gpw;F
mioj;J mt; Ntisfspy;> ePq;fs; Xh;
,isQh; vdNt ePz;lnjhU murpay;
gazj;ij Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;W
vd;id cw;rhfg;gLj;jpa mNjNtis>
,d;W fhzg;gLtJ Nghy jkJ fl;rp
cWg;gpdh;fspilNa gpzf;Ffis
Vw;gLj;jp jkJ epiwNtw;W mjpfhuj;ijg;
ghJfhf;f Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wjhd nraw;ghL
vijAk; mth; nra;atpy;iy.
“nghyp];> fhzp mjpfhuq;fs; ,y;iy
vdpy; tl khfhz rigapy; Nghl;baplf;
$lhJ” vd jkpo; Njrpa $l;likg;gpd;
ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdh; xUtu; $wpajhf
Clfq;fspy; fUj;J ntspahfp ,Ue;jJ.
mth;fSila ePz;lfhy fdT mJ
vd;gjhy; mg;gbf; $wpajpy; jtW
,y;iy vd;Nw $w Ntz;Lk;. vdJ
jdpg;gl;l fUj;J ahnjdpy; mjpfhuk;
nfhz;Nlh my;yJ ,d;wpNah ,Uf;Fk;
NghJ Njh;jypy; Nghl;bapl;L Ml;rpiag;
ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gjhFk;.
mjd;gb mjpfhuj;jpw;F te;jgpwF
jkJ nraw;ghLfspd; mbg;gilapy;
mjw;Fhpajhd mjpfhuk; RakhfNt
Vw;gLk;. khwhf “vkf;F mjpfhuk;
jhUq;fs;” vd myhpkhspifapy;
kz;bapl Ntz;ba mtrpak; xU
NghJk; Vw;glhJ. ePq;fs; xU NghJk;
ek;gKbahj xU fUj;ij ehd; ,q;F $w
KbAk;. mjhtJ ehd; Kjyikr;ruhf
flikahw;wpa fhyg;gFjpapy; kj;jpa
muR ve;jnthU mjpfhuj;ijAk;
vkf;Fg; gfputpy;iy. vdf;F fpilj;j
khfhz rigahdJ Gjpjhfg; gpwe;j
Foe;ijiag; Nghd;W ,Ue;jNjhL>
tUkhdq;fis ngWk; topfs; njhlh;ghf
rpe;jpf;f mjw;fhd Vw;ghLfis nra;a
Ntz;bapUe;jJ. me;j tplaq;fis chpa
Kiwapy; nra;jjd; fhuzkhf vdf;Fj;
Njitahd mjpfhuq;fs; vd;idj; Njb
te;jdNt xopa ehd; rpwpnfhj;jtpw;Nfh
[dhjpgjp khspiff;Nfh nrd;W mjpfhuk;
Ntz;b gpr;ir Nfl;ftpy;iy. ,ij vdJ
Kaw;rpfSf;F cWJidahftpUe;j
murpay; thjpfs; kw;Wk; mDgtkpf;f
mYtyh;fs; rhl;rp gfh;thh;fs;.
NkYk; xU tplaj;ij ehd;
njhptpf;f Ntz;Lk;. mjhtJ khfhz
rigfSf;Fhpa mjpfhuq;fis
ghJfhg;gjw;F ehd; gpd;gw;wpa
nraw;ghLfshFk;. khfhz rigfs; gw;wp
mwpe;jth;fSf;F mJ Gjpa tplakhf
,Uf;ftpy;iy. Mdhy; mjd; Muk;g
cWg;gpdh;fshfpa ehk; ,d;Ndhuhd
tpl;Lf; nfhLg;Gf;fis Nkw;nfhs;s
Ntz;bapUe;jJ. ,d;W ngUk;ghyhd
khfhz rigfs; rpe;jpg;gJ ,il Neu;
tpisTfs; fhzg;gLtjhy; khfhz
rigfSf;Fhpajhd rl;lq;fshf
cUthf;fpf; nfhs;sj; Njitapy;iy
vd;wthNw. ,ij cWjpg;gLj;jf;
$ba rpwe;j tplak; ahnjdpy;> %d;W
jrhg;j fhy tuyhw;iwf; nfhz;l
khfhz rigfs; ,Jtiuapy; kpff;
Fiwe;j msT epajpr; rl;lq;fisNa
cUthf;fpapUf;fpd;wd. midj;J
khfhz rigfspYk; cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;s
epajpr; rl;lq;fisf; $l;bdhy;
mJ 500f;F cl;gl;Nl ,Uf;Fk;.
mJTk; tUlhe;jk; fl;lhakhf
Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;ba epjp { Fiw
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tlf;fpw;F ntspNa ,Ue;J nfhz;L thf;fspf;fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;fg;gLtJ> mtu;fsJ
thf;F tq;fpapid XusTf;fhtJ mjpfupf;fr; nra;tjw;F fhuzkhaikAk;.
tlf;fpd; midj;J khtl;lq;fspypUe;Jk; kPs; FbNWtjw;fhf te;j rpy K];ypk; tlf;fpd; midj;J khtl;lq;fspypUe;Jk; kPs; FbNWtjw;fhf te;j rpy K];ypk;
egu;fis re;jpg;gJld; Fwpj;j gpuNjrq;fspy; Nghl;bapLk; mNgl;rfu;fSf;F thf;fspf;f egu;fis re;jpg;gJld; Fwpj;j gpuNjrq;fspy; Nghl;bapLk; mNgl;rfu;fSf;F thf;fspf;f
,k; Kiw mtu;fSf;F tha;g;Gf; fpilf;fpwJ. vt;thwhapDk; mtu;fs; $l;lhf xd;W ,k; Kiw mtu;fSf;F tha;g;Gf; fpilf;fpwJ. vt;thwhapDk; mtu;fs; $l;lhf xd;W
Nru;e;J jkJ thf;Ffisg; gad;gLj;Jthu;fshapd; kd;dhu; khtl;lj;jpy; kl;Lk; jkJ Nru;e;J jkJ thf;Ffisg; gad;gLj;Jthu;fshapd; kd;dhu; khtl;lj;jpy; kl;Lk; jkJ
gpujpepjpfs; rpyiuj; njupT nra;Ak; re;ju;g;gj;jpid K];ypk; kf;fs; cUthf;fpf; gpujpepjpfs; rpyiuj; njupT nra;Ak; re;ju;g;gj;jpid K];ypk; kf;fs; cUthf;fpf;
nfhs;syhk;.nfhs;syhk;. tlf;F K];ypk; kf;fs; murpay; fl;rp uPjpahf gpupe;J epw;gJld; Rkhu;
%d;W gpujhd murpay; fl;rpfs; K];ypk; mNgl;rfu;fis jkJ Ntl;G kDtpy;
cs;slf;fpAs;sdu;. Ie;J khtl;lq;fSs; %d;wpw;F = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu];
jdJ mNgl;rfu;fis epWj;jpAs;sJld; MSq; fl;rp fpspnehr;rp khtl;lk; jtpu;e;j
Ie;J khtl;lq;fSs; ehd;fpw;F jdJ mNgl;rfu;fis epWj;jpAs;sJ. jkpo; Njrpaf;
$l;likg;Gk; kd;dhu; khtl;lj;jpy; K];ypk; mNgl;rfu; xUtiu epWj;jpapUg;gJ
midtuJk; ftdj;ij <u;j;j xU tplkhFk;. khfhz rig Nju;jYf;fhf midj;J
murpay; fl;rpfSf;Fk; K];ypk; mNgl;rfu;fis Nju;jypy; epWj;Jtjw;fhd kpFe;j
Njit ,Ug;gNj ,jd; %yk; Rl;bf;fhl;lg;gLfpwJ. vt;thwhapDk; tlf;F K];ypk;
kf;fspd; mgpyhirfis epiwNtw;Wtjpy; ehk; vt;thwhd xU nraw;ghl;bid
gpd;gw;WtJ vd;gd gw;wp my;yJ ,zf;fk; njuptpf;fg;gl;l nraw;ghL ahit vd;gd
gw;wp ve;jnthU murpay; fl;rpAk; ,Jtiu vjidAk; ntspg;gLj;jtpy;iy. mjw;fika
,k;Kiw Nju;jypy; K];ypk; kf;fs; kpFe;j ftdQ; nrYj;JtJ vt;thW vd;gJ
gw;wpa rpy fUj;Jf;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhf fPo; Fwpg;gplg;gLk; tplaq;fisg;
gad;gLj;jpf;nfhs;s KbAk;.
• tlf;F K];ypk; kf;fspilNa nghJthd mgpyhirfNs fhzg;gLfpwJ.
mtu;fSs; rpyu; kPz;Lk; jpUk;gp tUtjw;fhd cupik> ,oe;j tsq;fisAk;
nrhj;Jf;fisAk; kPz;Lk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F jkf;Fs;s cupik> ,duPjpahd
– kjuPjpahd kw;Wk; fyhrhu uPjpahd cupikfs; Nghd;w cupikfs; njhlu;ghf
ngUk; vjpu;ghu;g;Gld; ,Ug;gjhfj; njupfpwJ. Fwpj;j tplaq;fs; tlf;fpy; tjpAk;
K];ypk; kf;fisg; ghupastpy; ghjpf;Fk; tplaq;fs; vd;gjhy; mtu;fis
thf;fhsu;fshfTk; murpay; fl;rpfs; vd;w uPjpapYk; Nju;jy; fhyq;fspy; mt;
tplaq;fs; njhlu;ghd jkJ Fuy;fis vOg;Gthu;fs; vdf; fUjyhk;.
• jw;NghJ kPz;Lk; jkJ nrhe;j ,lq;fis Nehf;fp tUif je;Js;s K];ypk;
kf;fspd; ehshe;j Njitfs; kw;Wk; jdJ nrhe;j ,lq;fSf;Fj; jpUk;Gtjw;F
,aYkhd tpNrlkhf tlf;fpy; thf;fspg;gJ jil nra;ag;gl;Ls;s egu;fspd;
82 C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013r kh jh d Neh f; F
rP.tpf;Nd];tud;jkpo; Njrpaf; $l;likg;gpd;
Kjyikr;ru; Ntl;ghsu;
gjpd;%d;Wk; ePf;fg;gl;lhy; jkpo; kf;fSf;F vJTNk kpQ;rhJ
eilngwTs;s tl khfhzrigj; eilngwTs;s tl khfhzrigj;
Njh;jypy; jkpo;Njrpa $l;likg;G Njh;jypy; jkpo;Njrpa $l;likg;G
Kjyikr;rh; Ntl;ghsuhf Kjyikr;rh; Ntl;ghsuhf
Kd;nkhopj;jpUg;gjid vt;thW Kd;nkhopj;jpUg;gjid vt;thW
ghh;f;fpwPh;fs;?ghh;f;fpwPh;fs;?
njhlf;fj;jpy; vdf;F mt;tsT tpUg;gk;
,Uf;ftpy;iy. ,Ug;gpDk; mJ vd;dhy;
epiwNtw;wg;gl Ntz;ba NkYnkhU r%fg;
nghWg;ngd;W vdJ neUq;fpa ez;gh;fs;
gyUk;> vdJ khzhf;fh;fSk;> Vida
eyd; tpUk;gpfSk; vd;dplk; typAWj;jp
Ntz;LNfhs; tpLj;jhu;fs;. jkpo; Njrpa
Kjyikr;rh; Ntl;ghsuhf njhpTnra;ag;gl
Ntz;Lnkd;gNj mjd;NghJ vdJ
epiyg;ghlhf ,Ue;jJ. Vida Ie;J
gq;fhspf;fl;rpfSk; Vfkdjhf jkpo; Njrpa
$l;likg;gpd; jiyikapdhy; jkpo;Njrpa
$l;likg;gpd; nghJ Kjyikr;rh;
Ntl;ghsuhf njhpT nra;ag;gl;Nld;.
mth;fsJ VNfhgpj;j fUj;Jf;F kjpg;gspj;J
ehd; Kjyikr;ru; Ntl;ghsuhf Kd;tu
Ntz;b te;jJ.
jkpo; r%fj;jpd; kpfTk; jkpo; r%fj;jpd; kpfTk;
ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shd FLk;gq;fSf;Fs;s ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shd FLk;gq;fSf;Fs;s
gpur;ridfis jPh;g;gjw;fhd eltbf;iffs; gpur;ridfis jPh;g;gjw;fhd eltbf;iffs;
vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhf muR vg;NghJk; vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhf muR vg;NghJk;
$wpdhYk;> vjph;f;fl;rpapYs;s murpay; $wpdhYk;> vjph;f;fl;rpapYs;s murpay;
fl;rpfs; cz;ik mJty;y vd fl;rpfs; cz;ik mJty;y vd
njhlh;r;rpahf $wpf;nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. njhlh;r;rpahf $wpf;nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd.
tlf;F jkpo; kf;fisg; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;jpg; tlf;F jkpo; kf;fisg; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;jpg;
Nghl;bapLk; Kjd;ikahd Ntl;ghsh; Nghl;bapLk; Kjd;ikahd Ntl;ghsh;
vd;w hPjpapy; kpfTk; Kd;Dhpik vd;w hPjpapy; kpfTk; Kd;Dhpik
toq;fg;glNtz;Lnkd ePq;fs; fUJk; mk; toq;fg;glNtz;Lnkd ePq;fs; fUJk; mk;
kf;fs; Kfk; nfhLf;Fk; gpur;ridfs; vit?kf;fs; Kfk; nfhLf;Fk; gpur;ridfs; vit?
tlf;fpy; jw;NghJs;s epiyik
njhlh;gpy; ftdpf;Fk;NghJ ,og;G kPsspg;G
(Vw;gl;l jtWfis jpUj;Jtjw;;fhf
Gdh;tho;T> Gduikg;G kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp
Nghd;w tplaq;fs;) nraw;ghl;Lf;F
Kd;Dhpik toq;fNtz;Lnkd ek;GfpNwd;. murhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg; gl;LtUk; gy;NtW
tpjkhd mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lq;fs; tlf;F jkpo; kf;fis njhlh;r;rpahf ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shf;fp
,Jtiu jPh;f;fg;glhj gpur;ridfSf;F gjpyspf;fhky; mKy; gLj;jg;gLtjhfNt njhpfpwJ.
kf;fs; kPz;Lk; vOe;Jepw;gjw;F ve;jnthU topiaAk; tpl;Litf;fhky; mth;fsJ
tPLfs;> njhopy;Jiwfs; Nghd;wit ,y;yhky; NghAs;sd. ,Ug;gpDk; fijg;gjw;Fk;.
jPh;g;gjw;f;Fk; nfhQ;rk; nfhe;jspg;ghd kpfTk; Kf;fpakhd gpur;ridahdJ $Ljyhf
,uhZtk; jhpj;jpUf;Fk; gpur;ridahFk;. 20 tiuapyhd ,uhZt gilg;gphpTfspy; 15-
20 gilg;gphpTfs; tlf;fpy; epiyg;gLj;jg;gl;bUg;gJld; mth;fshy; Mapuf;fzf;fhd Vf;fh;
fhzp ifafg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. rpy fhzpfspy; tlf;Ff;F ntspapypUe;J nfhz;Lte;J kPs
FbNaw;wg;gl;Ls;s FLk;gq;fs; gaph;r;nra;ifapy; <Lgl;Ls;sJld;> mtw;wpd; cw;gj;jpfs;
(tpisnghUl;fs;) mf;fhzpfspd; cz;ikahd rl;lG+h;t chpikahsh;fSf;F tpw;gid
nra;ag;gLk; epiyikNa mq;Fs;sJ.
fhzp ifafg;gLj;Jk; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; fhzp ifag;gLj;jg;gl;Lf;nfhz;bUg;gJld; mt;thW
ifag;gLj;jg;gLk; fhzpfs;> nrhj;Jf;fspd; cz;ikahd chpikahsh;fs; Kfhk;fspNyh>
cwtpdh;> ez;gh;fspd; tPLfspNyh jiyf;F $iuapd;wp eide;J nfhz;Nlh ,Uf;Fk;NghJ>
83C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013 r kh jh d Neh f; F
Mdhy; jw;NghJ tlf;F>
fpof;F kf;fis jkJ
jha;nkhopapypUe;J
rpq;fs nkhopf;F khWkhW
murhq;fk; mOj;jk;
nfhLf;fpd;wJ. midj;J
njhlh;ghly;fSk; rpq;fsj;jpy;
Nkw;nfhs;sfg;gLfpd;wd.
mt;thW ,y;iyahapd;
me;j mwptpj;jy;fis
kPz;Lk; jkpo; nkhopapy;
jahhpf;f Ntz;Lk;. nghyP];
epiyaj;jpy; thf;F%yk;
nfhLg;gJ$l rpq;fsj;jpNyNa
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. 90%
jj;jpw;Fk; $Ljyhd kf;fs;
jkpo;nkhop NgRk; gpuNjrq;fspy;
mt;thW gyte;jg;gLj;Jjy;
epahakhdjh? rpw;rpy
khw;wq;fs; nra;ag;gl;lhYk;
ikag; gpur;rid mg;gbNa
,Uf;fpwJ.
mt;thW kpfTk; FWfpa mwptpj;jypy; nraw;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf vdJ ez;guhd
jw;NghJ mT];jpNuypahtpy; trpf;Fk; kUj;JtUf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd tPnlhd;W ,Ue;jJ. mJ 15
Mz;Lfs; mstpy; nghyPrhuhy; ifafg;gLj;jg;gl;bUe;jJ. rpy khjq;fSf;F Kd;dh; nghyPrhh;
mt;tPl;il iftpl;L ntspNawpaTld;> me;j tPL ,uhZtj;jpduhy; ifg;gw;wg;gl;Ls;sjhf
mt;tPl;by; mwptpj;jy; xl;lg;gl;bUe;jJ. vdJ ez;gh; kPz;Lk; ,yq;iff;F te;J jdJ
guk;giu tPl;by; jdJ filrpf; fhyj;ij fopg;gjw;f;Fj; jpl;lkpl;bUe;jhh;. Mdhy;> kPz;Lk;
jdJ nrhj;jpd; chpikia ep&gpg;gjw;F rl;lj;jpd; cjtpiaf; NfhuNtz;ba epiy
mtUf;F Vw;gl;Ls;sJ.
Clfq;fs; Fwpj;j fhyj;jpYk;> kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; Rl;bf;fhl;lba NghjpYk; fhzhky; Clfq;fs; Fwpj;j fhyj;jpYk;> kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; Rl;bf;fhl;lba NghjpYk; fhzhky;
NghNdhh; kw;Wk; jLj;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;s jkpo; ,isQh;fspd; gpur;rid ,d;Wtiu NghNdhh; kw;Wk; jLj;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;s jkpo; ,isQh;fspd; gpur;rid ,d;Wtiu
jPh;f;fg;glhj kpfNkhrkhd gpur;ridahf khwpAs;sJ. E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd me;j ,isQh;fspd; jPh;f;fg;glhj kpfNkhrkhd gpur;ridahf khwpAs;sJ. E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd me;j ,isQh;fspd;
ngw;Nwhh;fs; jkJ gps;isfs; vq;fpUf;fpwhh;fs; vdj; Njb miyfpd;wdh;. ,g;gpur;rid ngw;Nwhh;fs; jkJ gps;isfs; vq;fpUf;fpwhh;fs; vdj; Njb miyfpd;wdh;. ,g;gpur;rid
njhlh;ghf cq;fsJ mtjhdpg;G vd;d?njhlh;ghf cq;fsJ mtjhdpg;G vd;d?
,J gjpyspf;ff; nfhQ;rk; rpukkhd Nfs;tp. ,Ug;gpDk; ,t;thW fhzhkw;Nghd {
jLj;Jitf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,isQh;fspd; mwpf;if njhlh;ghf jw;Nghija rl;lkh mjpgiu
re;jpg;gjw;Fk; fijg;gjw;Fk; ePjpkd;wpd; Kd;dhs; cWg;gpdh; vd;w hPjpapy; rpy Ntis vdf;F
tha;g;Gf; fpilf;Fk;. mt;thNw vdf;F cjTtjw;F mtuhYk; KbAkhf ,Uf;Fk;> vtUk;
mt;thW mtUld; (rl;lkh mjpgh;) ,ize;J nraw;gltpy;iy vdj; njhpfpwJ.
fhzhky; Nghd egh;fs; capUld; ,Uf;fpd;wduh? ,we;Jtpl;lduh vd
cWjpg;gLj;jKbahj vf;neyp nfhltpd; rk;gtk; Nghd;w epiyapYs;s gy rk;gtq;fs;
mq;Fs;sJ. ,Ug;gpDk; ,t;thW fhzhky; NghNdhh; vq;fpUf;fpd;wdh; vd
fz;Lgpbg;gjw;fhf VjhtJ $l;LKaw;rp vLg;gJ Nghd;Nw VjhtnjhU mikg;ig cUthf;fp
jLj;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;Nshhpd; tpguq;fs; mlq;fpa juTfs; Nrfhpg;gjw;F mt;thwhd Kaw;rp
vLf;fg;gl;lhy; mjw;fhf VjhtJ nra;af;$ba epiyNa cs;sJ. mt;thwhd gzpapy; <Lgl;L
Fiwe;jJ 50- 100 msthd jLj;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;NshiuahtJ tpLtpf;fKbAkhapd; mJ
cz;ikNyNa ngUk; nraw;ghlhFk;.
ve;jnthU Fw;wr;rhl;Nlh tof;F tprhuizNah ,y;yhky; ifjpfshf gy Mz;Lfs;
Ml;fs; jLj;J itf;fg;gl;bUg;gij ePjpgjpnad;w tifapy; jdpg;gl;lKiwapy;
ehdwpNad;. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf jkJ gpizg;gzk; 5000{- &ghit fl;lKbahky; 12-15
Mz;Lfs; ntypf;fil rpiwr;rhiyapy; jLj;Jitf;fg;gl;Ls;s ngz;izg;gw;wp vdf;Fj;
njhpAk;. rpiwr;rhiy mj;jpal;rfh;fs; mt;thwhd tplaq;fs; njhlh;ghf ghprPypj;J jkJ
cah; mjpfhhpfSf;F mwpf;if nra;thh;fshapd; mJNghd;w Jd;gpay; rk;gtq;fis
cz;ikapNyNa jtph;j;Jf; nfhs;syhk;. ehd; khtl;l ePjpgjpahf nraw;gl;lNghJ
vdJ rpiwr;rhiy mYtyh;fs; rpiwr;rhiyapypUe;J ePjpkd;wj;Jf;F nfhz;LtUk;
midthpdJk; gl;baiyAk; mth;fsJ tof;FfSf;Fhpa tpguq;fs; njhlh;ghd
gjpNtl;ilAk; vd;dplk; toq;f Ntz;Lnkd $Wtjw;F gof;fg;gl;bUe;Njd;. rpy
re;jh;g;gq;fspy; tof;F njhlh;ghd mwpf;if ,y;iynad ehd; Ghpe;J nfhs;Sk;NghJ
rpiwr;rhiy mYtyh;fSld; fye;Jiuahb Fwpj;j egUf;F gpiz toq;Ftjw;F chpa
jPh;g;Gf;fis toq;FtjidNa nra;Njd;.
ve;jnthU tof;F tprhuizNah Fw;wr;rhl;Nlh ,d;wp rpiwg;gl;L ,t;thW Jd;;gg;gLk; ve;jnthU tof;F tprhuizNah Fw;wr;rhl;Nlh ,d;wp rpiwg;gl;L ,t;thW Jd;;gg;gLk;
jkpo; ifjpfs; njhlh;gpy; ePjpkd;wj;jpy; cs;sth;fs; XusTf;F nghWg;Ngw;f ntz;Lnkd;wh jkpo; ifjpfs; njhlh;gpy; ePjpkd;wj;jpy; cs;sth;fs; XusTf;F nghWg;Ngw;f ntz;Lnkd;wh
$WfpwPh;fs;?$WfpwPh;fs;?
,y;iy mth;fs; vtUk; Ntz;Lnkd;W nra;tjpy;iy. ,Ug;gpDk; ftdkpd;ik>
myl;rpak; fhuzkhf Vw;glyhk;. ehk; ePjpr;Nritapy; gzpahw;wpaNghJ rpiw
itf;fg;gLgth;fs; njhlh;gpy; njhlh;r;rpahf rpwe;j ghprPypg;gpy; ,Ug;gjid gof;fkhff;
nfhz;bUe;Njd;. mJNghd;Nw mt;thwhd tplaq;fs; njhlh;ghf rpiwr;rhiy mYtyh;fis
Cf;Ftpj;Njd;. vdJ gjtpf;fhyj;jpy; rpiwr;rhiyf;F nry;Yjy; rpiw itf;fg;gl;lth;fspd;
Fiwfisf; Nfl;ly; Nghd;wtw;iw tof;fkhff; nfhz;bUe;Njd;. mt;thwhd Kidg;Gf@
lhf mth;fsJ gpur;ridfisj; jPh;g;gjw;F vk;khy; cjtKbe;jJ. rpy ePjpgjpfs; kpf ed;whf
nraw;gl;L mJNghd;w tplaq;fs; njhlh;ghf mf;fiw fhl;ba NghjpYk; ePjpkd;wf; fl;likg;gpy;
cs;s ngUksthNdhUf;F rpwe;j njspT jw;NghJ ,y;iynadj; njhpfpwJ. mth;fis
(ifjpfs;) ghJfhg;gjw;F ve;jnthU ePjpgjpf;Fk; ey;y ,jak; ,Ug;gJ ,d;wpaikahjJ.
84 C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013r kh jh d Neh f; F
,dg; gpur;ridf;Fj; jPh;thf 13 tJ jpUj;jj;Jf;F mg;ghy; nrd;W jPh;Tf;F nry;tnjd ,dg; gpur;ridf;Fj; jPh;thf 13 tJ jpUj;jj;Jf;F mg;ghy; nrd;W jPh;Tf;F nry;tnjd
Nghh; ele;jNghJk; > Nghh; Kbtile;jTlDk; $wg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; mth;fs; 13 tJ jpUj;jj;ij Nghh; ele;jNghJk; > Nghh; Kbtile;jTlDk; $wg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; mth;fs; 13 tJ jpUj;jj;ij
nraypof;fr; nra;tjw;Fj; jahuhtjhf njhpfpwJ. ,e;j epiyikia ePq;fs; vt;thW nraypof;fr; nra;tjw;Fj; jahuhtjhf njhpfpwJ. ,e;j epiyikia ePq;fs; vt;thW
Ghpe;J nfhs;fpwPh;fs;? mJ ,e;jpah ,yq;if kPJ gyte;jkhf jpzpj;jJ vd cq;fSf;F Ghpe;J nfhs;fpwPh;fs;? mJ ,e;jpah ,yq;if kPJ gyte;jkhf jpzpj;jJ vd cq;fSf;F
Njhd;Wfpwjh?Njhd;Wfpwjh?
mjid ,e;jpah ,yq;ifkPJ gyte;jkhf jpzpj;jJ vDk; fUj;ij ehd;
Vw;Wf;nfhs;stpy;iy. Vndd;why; ,e;jpah ,yq;if xg;ge;ejj;jpd; %yk; ,yq;ifapd;
mjpfhug;gfph;T gpur;ridf;F jPh;T fhz;gjw;fhf ,e;jpah <Lgl;l Ntisapy; cz;ikapNyNa
13 tJ jpUj;j rl;l tiuG N[.Mh;. [ath;jd eph;thfj;jpdhNyNa Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.
,dg;gpur;ridf;F jPh;T fhz;gjw;fhf Fwpg;ghf tlf;F fpof;Ff;Fhpa tplaq;fs; njhlh;gpy;
,e;jpa ,yq;if xg;ge;jj;jpD}lhd mOj;jj;jpdhNyNa 13 tJ jpUj;jk; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.
Mdhy; me;j tpA+fj;Jf;F gjpyhf ehl;bd; Vida khfhzq;fspy; mJ mKy;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
kpfTk; tpthjpf;fg;gl;l #oypy; elhj;jg;gl;l khfhz rigj; Njh;jy;fistpl ,e;j
murpayikg;G NkYk; Kd;nfhz;L nry;yg;gltpy;iy.
,d;WtiuAk; 13 tJ jpUj;jj;jpD}lhf khfhz rigfSf;F fpilf;fNtz;ba
mjpfhuk; njhlh;gpy; njw;fpYs;s khfhz rigfs; mf;fiwNaJk; fhl;ltpy;iy. jdpj;jdp
egh;fshf mjpfhuj;jpy; jpisg;gjw;Fg; gjpyhf mjpfhuj;ij kj;jpapy; itj;Jf;nfhz;bUg;gjh
,y;iyah vd;gNj Nfs;tpahf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. fPo;kl;lj;jpy; jhf;fk; nrYj;Jk; gpur;irdfs;
mth;fSf;F kpftk; ,yFthdjhfj; njhpAk;.
tlf;fpy; nkhopapy; njhlq;fp tho;tpay; Kiw gz;ghL Nghd;wit XusTf;F
NtWghlhdJ. vd;gjdhy; mjpfhuk; fPo;kl;lj;jpy; gfph;e;jspf;fg;gl;l eph;thf mikg;G
me;j kf;fspd; gpur;ridfSf;Fj; jPh;T fhz;gjw;F Njitahdjhf cs;sJ. ,t;thwhd
gpur;ridfis fLikahf mlf;Ftjd; %yk; gpur;rid NkYk; jPtpukilAk; vd;gjid
cz;ikapNyNa murhq;fk; ,q;F Ghpe;J nfhs;sNtz;ba tplakhFk;. Vndd;why;
jw;NghJ epyTk; td;Kiwfs; njhlh;r;rpahf Kd;nfhz;L nry;yg;gl;lhy; ,d;DnkhU
MAjg;Nghuhl;lk; Vw;gLtjid jLf;fKbahky; NghFk;. ,jdhy; ,U ,dq;fSf;Fkpilapy;
gu];gu ek;gpf;ifia cWjpg;gLj;Jjy; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjhf ehd; fUJfpNwd;. jiyth;fs;
vd;w hPjpapy; VjhtnjhU jPh;it ek;gpf;if mbg;gilapy; Kd;itf;f Kbe;jpUe;jhy;
vjph;fhyk; gw;wp vk;khy; rpe;jpf;fKbAk;.
VjhtnjhU Nghh; kPz;Lk; Vw;gl;lhy; murpd;kPJ mDjhgk; Vw;glhJ vd;gJk;
Fwpg;gplg;glNtz;ba NkYnkhU tplakhFk;.
jkpo; kf;fspd; eyd; njhlh;gpy; eltbf;if vLg;gJ njhlh;ghf Fwpg;gpl;Nl muR
,e;jpahtplKk; rh;tNjr r%fj;jplKk; Nghiu Kbg;gjw;F cjtp NfhhpaJ. Mdhy;
,d;Wtiuf;Fk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;glhjpUg;gJk; mJNt. rpyNtis ehd; jtwhfTk;
,Uf;fyhk;. ,Ug;gpDk; muR fLk; Nghf;fhsh;fSld; ,zq;fp nraw;gLtjhf ehd;
epidf;fpNwd;. mth;fs; 13 tJ jpUj;jj;Jf;F vjpuhf Fw;wk; rhl;bf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;
NghJ jkpo; kf;fs; mjid vjph;j;J epyik Nkhrkhdhy; muR kpfTk; ,yFthf 13
,y; ngUk;ghyhd Fiwfs; ,Ug;gjhff; $wp jkJ iffisf; fOtpf;nfhs;sKbAk;.
epiwNtw;W mjpfhuKilatuhf cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;s MSdhpd; xj;Jiog;gpd;wp ve;jnthU
rl;lj;ijAk; epiwNtw;wKbahjpUg;gJ vjpu;Nehf;Fk; Kf;fpakhd rpf;fyhFk;. ,JNghd;w
tplaq;fSf;F kj;jpapy; 13 tJ jpUj;jk; gadw;wjhFk;. ,Ue;jNghjpYk; mjidAk;
tpl;lhy; jkpo; kf;fSf;F vJTNk ,y;yhky; NghFk;. mjdhy;jhd; jkpo; $l;likg;G me;j
jiyg;gpd;fPo; Nghl;bapLfpwJ. ,Jtiuf;Fk; tlf;fpy; ve;jnthU [dehaf epWtdKk;
,y;yhjpUg;gjdhy; mt;thwhd epWtdnkhd;iw cUthf;Ftjw;fhf 13 tJ jpUj;jj;jpd;fPo;
,lkspf;FkhW NfhUtNj vdJ thjkhFk;. Mjd;gpd;dh; xypth; btp];l; (Oliver Twist) Nghd;W mjpfkhdtw;iw vk;khy; NfhuKbAk;. mjd;gb jkpo; kf;fs; Kfq;nfhLf;Fk;
gpur;ridfSf;F 13 tJ jpUj;jk; jPu;thFnkd ePq;fs; ek;gtpy;iyah?
13 tJ jpUj;jk; kl;Lk; NghJkhdjy;y ,Ug;gpDk; fPo; kl;lj;Jf;F $Ljy; mjpfhuk;
fpilf;f$bathW MSdUf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;s tiuaiwaw;w mjpfhuj;ij Fiwg;gjd;
%yk; mjid VjhtnjhU Kiwapy; cUthf;fpnfhs;syhk;. MSdh; khfhz rigapd;
eltbf;iffspy; jiyaPL nra;tjpypUe;J tpyfpapupg;gjhf mz;ikapy; gj;jphpifnahd;wpy;
thrpj;Njd;. Mdhy; MSdh; khfhzrig mikf;fg;gl;l gpd;dUk; $l mYtyh;fs; mtuJ
MNyhridfSf;fika nraw;glNtz;Lnkdf; $wpAs;shh;.
mjid ,e;jpah ,yq;ifkPJ
gyte;jkhf jpzpj;jJ
vDk; fUj;ij ehd;
Vw;Wf;nfhs;stpy;iy.
Vndd;why; ,e;jpah
,yq;if xg;ge;ejj;jpd; %yk;
,yq;ifapd; mjpfhug;gfph;T
gpur;ridf;F jPh;T
fhz;gjw;fhf ,e;jpah <Lgl;l
Ntisapy; cz;ikapNyNa 13
tJ jpUj;j rl;l tiuG N[.Mh;.
[ath;jd eph;thfj;jpdhNyNa
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.
85C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013 r kh jh d Neh f; F
jkpo; kf;fspd; eyd;
njhlh;gpy; eltbf;if vLg;gJ
njhlh;ghf Fwpg;gpl;Nl muR
,e;jpahtplKk; rh;tNjr
r%fj;jplKk; Nghiu
Kbg;gjw;F cjtp NfhhpaJ.
Mdhy; ,d;Wtiuf;Fk;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;glhjpUg;gJk;
mJNt. rpyNtis ehd;
jtwhfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;.
,Ug;gpDk; muR fLk;
Nghf;fhsh;fSld; ,zq;fp
nraw;gLtjhf ehd;
epidf;fpNwd;.
gpwUld; njhlh;G nfhs;Sk; mDgtk; ,y;yhj VidNahhplj;jpy; nefpo;Tj;jd;ik
,y;yhj ,uhZt mYtyh;fs; rptpy; eph;thfpfshf epakpf;fg;gLk;NghJ ,JNghd;w rpf;fNy
Vw;gLk;.
mjw;Fk; Nkyhf Jujp];ltrkhf muR NkYk; NkYk; mjpfhuj;ij ikag;gLj;Jtjw;F
Kaw;rpf;fpd;wJ.
mjw;F kpfr;rpwe;j cjhuzk; 18 tJ jpUj;jkhFk;. mjpfhuj;ij xNu ,lj;jpy;
Ftpg;gjw;fhd murpd; tpUg;gk; ntspg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
,t;thwhd epyikapy; VjhtJ Kf;fakhd khw;wk; Vw;gLnkd vjph;ghh;f;f KbahJ.
,Ug;gpDk; NghJkhdsT mjpfhuj;ij gfph;e;jspf;Fk; rpwpa mstpy; jpUj;jk; nra;af;$ba
MtzNk mJ. ,jw;f;fhf khfhz rigfs;> ,e;jpah> ,yq;ifapd; kj;jpa muR Mfpait
,ize;J nraw;gLtJ Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.
13MtJ jpUj;jj;ij ,uj;J nra;aNtz;Lnkd vjph;g;Nghh; $Wk; ,d;ndhU tplak; 13MtJ jpUj;jj;ij ,uj;J nra;aNtz;Lnkd vjph;g;Nghh; $Wk; ,d;ndhU tplak;
murpayikg;G hPjpahf mjDs; ngWkjp ,y;iy vd;gjhFk;. mJTk; ,y;iyahapd; murpayikg;G hPjpahf mjDs; ngWkjp ,y;iy vd;gjhFk;. mJTk; ,y;iyahapd;
chpathW kf;fs; fUj;jwpag;glhik kw;Wk; ,e;jpa - ,yq;if cld;gbf;iff;fika ,e;jpah chpathW kf;fs; fUj;jwpag;glhik kw;Wk; ,e;jpa - ,yq;if cld;gbf;iff;fika ,e;jpah
jdJ gq;fpid chpathW epiwNtw;wg;glhik me;j tplaq;fs; njhlh;gpy; cq;fsJ fUj;J jdJ gq;fpid chpathW epiwNtw;wg;glhik me;j tplaq;fs; njhlh;gpy; cq;fsJ fUj;J
vd;d? vd;d?
mJ tlf;F> fpof;F Mfpa khfhzq;fSf;FhpaJ vd;gjdhy; fUj;jwpAk; thf;nfLg;G
elhj;jNtz;ba Njitapy;iy. mt;thNw cr;r ePjpkd;wk; ,e;j ,uz;L khfhzq;fisAk;
kPz;Lk; gphpg;gjw;f;F jPh;g;G toq;fpajdhy; me;j thjk; njhlh;e;Jk; tYthdjhf ,Uf;fhJ.
mj;Jld; ,e;jpah jdJ nghWg;ig kPwpajhf Fw;wk; rhl;LtJ ntw;W gpjw;wy; kl;LNk.
Vndd;why; mjidj;jhd; mth;fs; 2009 ,y; epiwNtw;wpdhh;fs;. rh;tNjr r%fj;jpd;>
tpNrlkhf ,e;jpahtpd; xj;Jiog;G fpilj;jpUf;fhtpl;lhy; mt;tsT ,yFthf jkpoPo
tpLjiyg; Gypfis Njhw;fbf;Fk; tha;g;G fpilj;jpUf;Fnkd epidg;gJ rpukk;. 1980
jrhg;jj;jpy; ,e;jpah jdJ gq;fpid epiwNtw;w KbahJ NghdhYk; 2009,y; mth;fs;
,yq;if muRf;F cjtpdhh;fs;. ,yq;if> ,e;jpahTf;fpilapy; rh;tNjr kl;lj;jpy;
ifnahg;gkplg;gl;l cld;gbf;ifia ,yFthf xJf;fptplf;$ba epyik ,Ug;gjhf ehd;
fUjtpy;iy. mt;thwhd cld;gbf;if njhlh;ghf ,e;jpahtpd; mq;fPfhukpd;wp mjid
Vfkdjhf ,uj;Jr;nra;ayhnkd ehd; epidf;ftpy;iy.
,yq;if Vfkdjhf nraw;gl;lhy; Kfk; nfhLf;f Ntz;ba tpisTfs; vit?,yq;if Vfkdjhf nraw;gl;lhy; Kfk; nfhLf;f Ntz;ba tpisTfs; vit?
mz;ikapy; ,q;F tUifje;j rptrq;fh; Nkddpd; tUif%yk; mJ ntspg;gl;lJ.
Vw;fdNt rpw;rpy neUf;fbfSf;F cl;gl;Ls;s ehnld;w hPjpapy; vkJ ek;gfj;jd;ikf;F
mjd;%yk; ghuJ}ukhd ghjpg;G Vw;glyhk;. ,e;j murpd; jiyth; ,dg;gpur;ridf;F jPh;thf
13+ toq;Ftjhf KO cyFf;Fk; mwptpj;jpUe;jhh;. Mdhy;> jw;NghJ mJ 13 tiu jho;e;J
NghAs;sJ. rpy kdpjh;fis cq;fshy; vg;NghJk; Vkhw;w KbAk;. Mdhy; rpyiu mt;thW
Vkhw;WtJ rpukk;. ,Ug;gpDk; vy;NyhiuAk; vg;NghJk; Vkhw;w KbahJ.
1987,y; ,Ue;jJ Nghd;W tlf;F fpof;F Nrh;e;jpUg;gJ njhlh;gpy; ePq;fs; vd;d 1987,y; ,Ue;jJ Nghd;W tlf;F fpof;F Nrh;e;jpUg;gJ njhlh;gpy; ePq;fs; vd;d
epidf;fpwPh;fs;? tlf;F kf;fSf;F $Ljyhd ed;ikfs; ,ize;jpUg;gjd; %ykh? epidf;fpwPh;fs;? tlf;F kf;fSf;F $Ljyhd ed;ikfs; ,ize;jpUg;gjd; %ykh?
jdpj;jdpahf eph;tfpf;fg;gLtjd; Clhfth fpl;Lk;?jdpj;jdpahf eph;tfpf;fg;gLtjd; Clhfth fpl;Lk;?
khfhzq;fs; ,uz;Lk; Nrh;f;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vDk; fUj;jpNyNa ehd; ,Uf;fpNwd;.
Gjpd;%d;whtJ jpUj;jj;jpd; Nehf;fkhdJ tlf;F> fpof;F khfhzq;fspd; gpur;ridia
jPh;g;gjhFk;. 1987 khfhz rig Kiw njhlh;ghd mwpKfj;Jf;fika ,uz;L
khfhzq;fspYk; jkpo; kf;fs; thOk; Xh; gpujhd nghJ nkhop khfhzq;fs; ,uz;Lk;
Nrh;f;fg;gLtjhf Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwJ.
mf;fhyg;gFjpapy; fpof;fpYs;s K];ypk; kf;fs; jkpo; ngUk;ghd;ikahy; Vw;glf;$ba
rpy tplaq;fs; njhlh;gpy; ftiyaile;jpUe;jdh;. Mdhy; mit jw;NghJ jPh;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,q;Nf jhf;fk; nrYj;Jk; tplak; vd;dntd;why; tlf;F fpof;F khfhzq;fspy; jdpahd
nkhop gad;gLj;jg;gLjy;> jdpahd gz;ghl;Lld; tho;e;J tUjy; kw;Wk; murpay; hPjpahff;
$l ehl;bd; Vida khfhzq;fis tplTk; jdpj;Jtkhdjhf ,Uj;jy;. mjw;f;fika
mt;thwhd re;jh;g;gj;jpy; jkJ eltbf;iffis jkJ nkhopapy; Nkw; nfhs;tjw;fhf
VjhtnjhU Ml;rpajpfhuk; mth;fSf;F fpilf;f Ntz;Lk;. mt;thnwdpd; ,U
86 C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013r kh jh d Neh f; F
1980 jrhg;jj;jpy; ,e;jpah
jdJ gq;fpid epiwNtw;w
KbahJ NghdhYk; 2009,y;
mth;fs; ,yq;if muRf;F
cjtpdhh;fs;. ,yq;if>
,e;jpahTf;fpilapy; rh;tNjr
kl;lj;jpy; ifnahg;gkplg;gl;l
cld;gbf;ifia ,yFthf
xJf;fptplf;$ba
epyik ,Ug;gjhf ehd;
fUjtpy;iy. mt;thwhd
cld;gbf;if njhlh;ghf
,e;jpahtpd; mq;fPfhukpd;wp
mjid Vfkdjhf
,uj;Jr;nra;ayhnkd ehd;
epidf;ftpy;iy.
khfhzq;fspYk; thOk; kf;fs; jkJ nghJ nkhopia fw;gjid tlf;fpy; thOk; rpq;fs
kf;fs; vtUk; vjph;f;f khl;lhh;fs; mt;thNw me;j khfhzq;fspy; thOk; kf;fs; jkJ nghJ
nkhopia fw;gjw;f;fhd chpikia Vd; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sKbahJ? ehd; rpW gps;isahf
,Ue;jNghJ vk;iktplTk; ed;whf jkpo; cr;rhpf;Fk; mg;GfhkpaplkpUe;J ghz; thq;Ftjw;F
gofpapUe;Njd;. ehd; rpq;fsj;jpy; fijf;Fk; NghJ jkpo; nkhopapy; fijf;Fk; mth; N[hrg;
guuh[rpq;fj;Jld; xd;whf Ntiy nra;tjhf mwpe;jpUe;Njd;. Mdhy; jw;NghJ tlf;F>
fpof;F kf;fis jkJ jha;nkhopapypUe;J rpq;fs nkhopf;F khWkhW murhq;fk; mOj;jk;
nfhLf;fpd;wJ. midj;J njhlh;ghly;fSk; rpq;fsj;jpy; Nkw;nfhs;sfg;gLfpd;wd. mt;thW
,y;iyahapd; me;j mwptpj;jy;fis kPz;Lk; jkpo; nkhopapy; jahhpf;f Ntz;Lk;. nghyP];
epiyaj;jpy; thf;F%yk; nfhLg;gJ$l rpq;fsj;jpNyNa Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. 90%
jj;jpw;Fk; $Ljyhd kf;fs; jkpo;nkhop NgRk; gpuNjrq;fspy; mt;thW gyte;jg;gLj;Jjy;
epahakhdjh? rpw;rpy khw;wq;fs; nra;ag;gl;lhYk; ikag; gpur;rid mg;gbNa ,Uf;fpwJ.
ePq;fs; ,dg;gpur;ridf;F jPh;TfhZk;NghJ gu];gu ek;gpf;ifapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ePq;fs; ,dg;gpur;ridf;F jPh;TfhZk;NghJ gu];gu ek;gpf;ifapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
njhlh;ghf ePq;fs; Muk;gj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;Bh;fs;. Mdhy; j.Nj.$l;likg;G j.tp.Gypfspd; njhlh;ghf ePq;fs; Muk;gj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;Bh;fs;. Mdhy; j.Nj.$l;likg;G j.tp.Gypfspd;
gpujpepjpfshf nraw;gLtjhd Fw;wr;rhl;L kPz;Lk; vOg;gg;gLfpd;wJ. gu];gu ek;gpf;ifia gpujpepjpfshf nraw;gLtjhd Fw;wr;rhl;L kPz;Lk; vOg;gg;gLfpd;wJ. gu];gu ek;gpf;ifia
fl;bnaOg;Gjy; Nkw;nfhs;sKbankd ePq;fs; fUJfpwPh;fsh?fl;bnaOg;Gjy; Nkw;nfhs;sKbankd ePq;fs; fUJfpwPh;fsh?
gu];gu Ghpe;Jzh;T kw;Wk; fy;tp%ykhf ek;gpf;ifia fl;bnaOg;gyhnkd ehd;
cWjpahf ek;GfpNwd;.
jkpo; Njrpa $l;likg;G vg;NghJNk epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk; xd;Wf;fhTk; rk\;bf;fhfTk;
Kd;dpw;gjid kwf;ff;$lhJ. mth;fs; jkpoPo tpLjiyg;Gypfisg; Nghd;W
nraw;gltpy;iy. jkpo; kf;fs; ,uz;lhk; ju Fbkf;fshf tifg;gLj;jYf;F kl;Lk;
tiuaWj;jy; nghJtho;f;iff;Fhpa chpikfspypUe;J nghJkf;fis xJf;fpitj;jy;
Nghd;w xNukhjphpahd gpur;ridfSf;fhf j.tp.Gypfisg;Nghd;Nw j.Nj.$l;likg;gpdUk;
jkJ vjph;g;igf; fhl;bdhh;fs;. ,t;thwhd gpur;ridfspy; jiyapLjy; epahakhdjhf
,Ue;jNghjpYk; mjw;fika j.Nj. $l;likg;gpdiu j.tp.Gypfspd; gpujpepjpfshf
Kj;jpiu Fj;Jtjw;Fk; mtw;iwg;gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdh;. jkJ jiyth;fs; j.tp Gypfshy;
nfhy;yg;gl;lNghJ mth;fsJ njhpTf;F vJTNk ,y;yhj epiy. ,Ug;gpDk; j.tp. Gypfspd;
td;KiwfSf;F Kd;dhy; mth;fs; nksdkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ.muRk; NtW gy muRk; NtW gy
jug;Gf;fSk; j.Nj.$l;likg;G j.tp.Gypfisg;Nghd;W nraw;gLtjhff; $wKbAk;. Mdhy; jug;Gf;fSk; j.Nj.$l;likg;G j.tp.Gypfisg;Nghd;W nraw;gLtjhff; $wKbAk;. Mdhy;
j.Nj.$l;likg;G j.tp.Gypfspd; gpujpepjpfnsd mth;fs; vg;gbf;$wyhk;. jw;NghJ ,y;yhj j.Nj.$l;likg;G j.tp.Gypfspd; gpujpepjpfnsd mth;fs; vg;gbf;$wyhk;. jw;NghJ ,y;yhj
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epahakhd Njh;jy; nrg;nuk;ghpy; elf;Fnkd vjph;ghh;f;fKbAkh?epahakhd Njh;jy; nrg;nuk;ghpy; elf;Fnkd vjph;ghh;f;fKbAkh?
,J jw;NghJ vkJ ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl;Ls;s tplakhFk; . ntspehl;L Njh;jy;
fz;fhzpg;ghsh;fspd; tUiff;nfjpuhf murhq;fk; nraw;gLtJld; vdf;nfd;why;
Rje;jpukhd mikjpahd Njh;jy; elhj;Jtjw;fhd vkJ xNu vjph;ghh;g;Gk; epiwNtwhJ
vdj; njhpfpwJ.Njh;jy; MizahsUld; mz;ikapy; j.Nj.$l;likg;G cWg;gpdh;fs;
elhj;jpa fye;Jiuahlypd;NghJ Njh;jy; fhyj;jpy; gilapdiu Kfhk;fSf;Fs;
kl;Lg;gLj;J khW Miz ahshplk; Nfhhpf;if tpLj;jhh;fs;. mth; mjid epuhfhpj;jhh;.
mJ eilKiwf;F rhj;jpakw;wnjdf; $wpdhh;. mJNghd;w Nfhhpf;ifSf;F nghUj;jkhd
jPh;T toq;fKbahnjdpd; Njh;jy; Mizahsh; vd;w hPjpapy; mtuJ gzpg;nghWg;G vd;d?
mtUf;Fk; RNu];gpNukre;jpuDf;Fkpilapy; XusT thf;Fthjk; Vw;gLtjw;Fk; mJ
fhuzkhf ,Ue;jJ. Rje;jpukhd mikjpahd Njh;jy; elf;Fkh ,y;iyah vd;gJ njhlh;ghf
midtUk; ,Jgw;wp fw;gid nra;J ghh;f;fyhk;. ngUk;ghyhd Njh;jy; Kiwg;ghLfs;
njhlh;ghd tprhuizapy; ehd gq;Fgw;wpapUg;gjdhy; vjph;f;fl;rpapd; gyj;ij Fiwj;J
kjpg;gpLtjw;fhf mjpfhuj;jpYs;Nshh; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; nraw;ghLfs; gw;wp vdf;F njhpAk;.
mjd;gb XusTf;fhtJ elhj;Jtjw;F topNaw;gLj;JtJ fl;lhakhdnjd $wpNa Mf
Ntz;Lk;.
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87C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013 r kh jh d Neh f; F
khw;Wf; nfhs;iffSf;fhd epiyak; (kh.nfh.ep)> fle;j tpahof;fpoik> 2013 Mf];l; 1 Mk; jpfjp> Nky; khfhzj;jpd; fk;g`h
khtl;lj;jpd; ntypNtupa vDkplj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;w Jaukhd rk;gtq;fis kpFe;j vr;rupf;ifAlDk; kw;Wk; ftiyNahLk; ftdj;jpy;
nfhs;fpwJ. Aj;jj;jpw;Fg; gpd; ,yq;ifapy; MAjk; jupf;fhj Fbkf;fs; vjpu;g;igj; njuptpg;gjw;fhd jq;fsJ [dehaf cupikia
mg;gpahrpf;ifapy; fz;zPu;g;Giff; Fz;Lfs; tPrg;gl;L> ghJfhg;Gg; gilfshy; Rlg;gl;L kw;Wk; nfhy;yg;gLtJk; ,J Kjy; jlitay;y:
2011 ,y; fl;Lehaf;ftpd; Vw;Wkjpr; nrad;Kiw tyaj;jpy; kw;Wk; 2012,y; rpyhgj;jpYk; KiwNa> 01 Fbkfd; tPjk; nfhy;yg;gl;Ls;sdu;.
mNjNghd;W> epfo;Tfs; njhlu;ghf nra;jp Nrfupf;Fk; Clfg; gzpahsu;fs; jhf;fg;gl;L kw;Wk; mtu;fsJ cgfuzq;fs; ifg;gw;wg;gl;L>
Nrjkhf;fg;gl;L my;yJ mbj;J nehWf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ntypNtupatpy; ,we;jtu; vz;zpf;if jw;nghOJ 03 Mf gjpTnra;ag;gl;Ls;sJld;>
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,sk; khztu;fs; nfhy;yg;gl;l> ,e;j rk;gtq;fs; – vkJ ehl;by; rl;lj;jpdhl;rp Fiye;J NghAs;sjpdJk; kw;Wk; kpf Kf;fpakhf> mjd;
Fbkf;fshy; [d ehaf cupikfspd; mg;gpahrpj;jy; njhlu;ghf murhq;fj;jpDila kdg; ghq;fpd; Nrhfkhd kw;Wk; ntl;ffukhdJkhd
epidT+l;ly;fshf mikfpd;wd. murpayikg;G kw;Wk; rl;lf; fl;likg;G vd;gtw;iw Kw;wpYkhf cjhrPdk; nra;J rptpy; mjpfhuj;Jf;F
cjtpahf MAjg;gilfis rl;lG+u;tkhf miof;fpd;w re;ju;g;gq;fspd; R+oikTfspy;> murhq;fj;jpdhy; rl;lj;jpdhl;rp kw;Wk; rl;lk; kw;Wk;
xOq;ifg; NgZjy; njhlu;gpy; jPtpukhd kw;Wk; mbg;gilahd Nfs;tpfs; Kd;ndOfpd;wd. ,e;j rl;lj;Jf;Fg; Gwk;ghd nraw;gug;gpy;>
nraw;wpwdpd;ik my;yJ NtWtifapyhd VJk; fhuzj;jpd; Ngupy;> rl;lj;Jf;Fk; xOq;Ff;Fkhd mjd; nghWg;Gfisf; iftpl;L>
kw;Wk; tpNrl gilfs; kw;Wk; ,uhZtj;ij miog;gJ nghyprhUf;F ,g;nghOJ xU toikahd nray;KiwuPjpahd eilKiwah?
mj;jifanjhU epiyikapy; ,uhZtj;Jf;F toq;fg;gLk; fl;lisfs; vd;d? ep[khd Jg;ghf;fp uitfs; kw;Wk; Fz;Lfisg;
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nghWg;Gfis ahu; vLg;gJ? fl;lisf;fhd nraw;ghl;LuPjpapyhd njhlnuhOq;F vd;d kw;Wk; ghuhSkd;wj;Jf;F gjpyspg;gJ ahu;? Xu;
jilaw;w ePjpr; nrad;Kiwf;fhd rhj;jpaq;fs; vd;d?
,uhZtj;jpd; Gjpa jsgjp gjtpNaw;w Kjy; ehspNyNa fz;bf;fg;gl Ntz;ba ,r;rk;gtk; epfo;e;Js;sJld;> ,J njhlu;ghf Xu; cs;sf
tprhuizf;F mtuhy; cj;jutplg;gl;Ls;sJ. mj;NjhL> Xu; nghyp]; tprhuizAk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ. ,yq;if kdpj cupikfs;
Mizf; FOTk; $l Xu; tprhuizia Muk;gpj;Js;sJ. ,e;jr; rk;gtq;fSf;F NkYk; ,Of;ifr; Nru;f;Fk; tifapy;> murhq;fj;jpd;
Ngr;rhsu;fs; rk;gtj;jpy; ntspehl;Lr; rf;jpfspd; rk;ge;jk; cs;sjhfTk;> murpay; fl;rpfshy; td;Kiwfs; mDruid mspf;fg;gLtjhfTk;
Fw;wk; rhl;baJld;> rk;gtq;fSf;F Clfq;fisAk; $l nghWg;Gf; $wpdu;. kf;fisf; fhg;gjw;Fg; gjpyhf mtu;fisf; nfhd;wspf;Fk;
xd;whf ,yq;if muR tpiuthf khwp tUtJ kl;Lkd;wp> mjd; Fbkf;fspd; ek;gpf;if kw;Wk; ey;nyz;zk; vd;gtw;witAk; $l
KOikahd mtkjpg;Gf;F mJ cs;shf;Ffpd;wJ.
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RahjPdkhd kw;Wk; gf;fr;rhu;gw;w Gyd;tprhuizAk;> mjd; fz;lwpjy;fspd; gfpuq;fg;gLj;JjYk; kl;LNk> ,yq;iff; Fbkf;fspd;
fupridfis mikjpg;gLj;j KbAk;. mj;jifanjhU Gyd;tprhuiz Nkw; nfhs;tjw;Fk; kw;Wk; Fw;wkpioj;Njhu;fSf;F mtrpakhd
ePjpKiwahd jz;lidia toq;fj; jtWtJk;> ePjpKiwikapd; Xu; ngUk; ePjpj; jtWifahf> mjd; kf;fSf;F muR mspf;f Ntz;ba
Kf;fpakhd flg;ghlhd ghJfhg;gspj;jypyhd Xu; mbg;gilj; jtwhfTk;> kw;Wk; ,yq;ifapd; kdpj cupikfs; gjpTfs; kPJ njhlu;r;rpahd
ru;tNjrj;jpd; vjpupilahd ftdj;Jf;fhd Xu; miog;ghfTk; mikAk;. kjf; FUg; gpupTfs; cl;gl;l murhq;fk; kw;Wk; mjd; murpay;
$l;Lfs; vd;gd> ntypNtupa rk;gtj;jpw;fhd jq;fsJ gjpypy; ,e;jf; fupridfis ftdj;jpy; nfhs;tjw;F Mtd nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
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ntspf;fhl;Ljy; ,yq;ifapy; [dehaf Ml;rp Kiwikia cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd mjd; tpUg;G kw;Wk; ,ay;jd;ik vd;gtw;Wf;fhd Xu;
eltbf;ifahf Nehf;fg;gLk;. mt;tpjk; nraw;glj; jtWtJ tsUk; [dehafg; gw;whf; Fiwia NkYk; mjpfupf;fTk; kw;Wk; ey;ypzf;fk;>
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88 C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s
Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013r kh jh d Neh f; F
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murpayikg;gpd; 13MtJ jpUj;jj;jpd; Vw;ghLfs; gytw;iw jpUj;Jtjw;F murhq;fk; jpl;lkpLtjhfj; njuptpf;Fk; mz;ika Clf mwpf;iffshy; khw;Wf;
nfhs;iffSf;fhd epiyak; (kh.nfh.ep) Mo;e;j ftiy mile;Js;sJ. murpayikg;igj; jpUj;Jtjw;F fye;Jiuahly;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wdth
vd;gJ gw;wp fle;j gy thuq;fshf If;fpa kf;fs; Rje;jpuf; $l;likg;gpd; (I.k.R.$) rpNu\;l mikr;ru;fshy; Kuz;ghlhd mwpf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.
vt;thwhapDk;> mj;jifa midj;J mwpf;iffSk; mikr;ruitapd; cjtpg; Ngr;rhsuhy; kWf;fg;gl;l mNjNtis> thuhe;j mikr;ruit nra;jpahsu;
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“jw;Nghija murpayikg;Gf;F> tpNrlkhf 13MtJ jpUj;jj;Jf;F VNjDk; jpUj;jq;fs; ,Uf;Fkhapd;> midj;J murpay; fl;rpfisAk;
cs;slf;fpajhd Xu; ghuhSkd;wj; njupTf;FO mtw;iwf; fye;Jiuahlyhk; vd [dhjpgjp njspthff; $wpAs;shu;. mj;jifa epiyikapy;> me;j
epiyg;ghl;il khw;Wtjw;F eltbf;iffs; vJTk; vLf;fg;gltpy;iy.”
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vOg;Gtjw;F kh.nfh.ep epu;g;ge;jpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
murpayikg;G jpUj;jj;jpd; nrad;Kiwmurpayikg;G jpUj;jj;jpd; nrad;Kiw
Xu; gd;ikj;Jt r%fj;jpd; midj;Jf; fUj;Jf;fisAk; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;fpd;w Xu; fye;jhNyhridr; nrad;Kiwapd; xU tpisthf ,Ue;jhy; kl;LNk
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cl;gl> mLj;jLj;J gjtpf;F te;j murhq;fq;fs; rl;lthf;fr; nrad;Kiwfspyhd ,e;jf; FiwghLfis gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lJld; ,e;jj; jtWjy;fSf;F
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gjpd;%d;whtJ jpUj;jj;ij jpUj;Jk; rl;lj;ij murhq;fk; gpNuupf;Fk; re;ju;g;gj;jpy;> mtru rl;l%y eilKiwiaf; filg;gpbg;gjpypUe;J mtu;fs; tpyfpapUg;gjw;F
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Ntz;ba Njitia typAWj;jpAs;sd.
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,ayhikiaAk;> kw;Wk; fle;j murhq;fq;fspdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l ,NjNghd;w jtWfspypUe;J ghlq;fisf; fw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd mjd; ,ayhikiaAk;
fhl;bf; nfhLf;fpd;wJ. ,jw;Fk; Nkyhf> midj;Jr; r%fq;fSf;Fk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sj;jf;fjhd tifapyhd Xu; murpay; jPu;it cUthf;Ftjpy; murhq;fj;jpd;
Neu;ikahd Nehf;fk; kPJk; jPtpukhd gopiar; Rkj;JfpwJ. jw;NghJs;s murpayikg;gpd; xU gFjpahfTs;s gjpd;%d;whtJ jpUj;jk; KOikahf mKy;
gLj;jg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk; vd;gJld; mJ Aj;jj;Jf;Fg; gpe;jpajpypUe;J Xu; Kuz;ghl;bw;F gpe;jpa epiyf;F ,yq;if epiykhw;wkiltij Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhf>
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ISSN 955-1800-0061
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