SAM FRERE, ERIC ROTHSCHILD, COLLIN SUMPTER, JOSHUA WERNER Beijing, China.
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Transcript of SAM FRERE, ERIC ROTHSCHILD, COLLIN SUMPTER, JOSHUA WERNER Beijing, China.
Sam Frere, Eric Rothschild, Collin Sumpter, Joshua Werner
Beijing, China
Overview
Problem Overview Background Problem Statement Stakeholders Goal
Solutions Overview Assumptions Solutions Implementation Timeline Unintended Consequences
Beijing, China
3000 Years old2/3 Mountains, 1/3 plains16 districts, 2 rural counties16,808 km2
Semi-arid, semi-humid Continental monsoon climate
The Problem
Lack of fresh water ~148 m3 per person UN standard for water scarcity
1000 cubic meters ~6 times less
Causes Increasing Population Located in arid area of China Climate Change Polluted Reserves Economic Growth
Population Growth
Average Precipitation
Consumption by Sector
Pollution
Guanting and Miyun Reservoirs Quantity and Quality issues Guanting – Category IV Miyun – Not as polluted but contains 15% of capacity
Urban Water Use In 2000, only 16% of wastewater was treated In 2010 ~ 60% wastewater was treated
Stakeholders
Industry
Domestic Population
Agriculture
Municipal Government
Goal
Create a sustainable water supply for Beijing which approaches 1,000 m3 per person by 2050
Increase infrastructure to handle water pollution Population management Increase surface water supply to decrease
groundwater consumption Create pricing structure which matches cost of water
Solutions
Assumptions
Solutions work within the current government structure
Population increase is currently 3.8% annually Current population is 22 million
Beijing Consumption Rate = 3.25 billion m3
annually
Solutions
South-North Diversion Project (SNDP)
Population Control and Redistribution
Water Pollution Control
Desalination
Water Pricing
Population Management
Cornerstone of escalating water consumption
Current population growth rate ~ 3.8%
Current population ~ 22 million
Carrying Capacity?
Population Management: Carrying Capacity
CC ~ 8 million people…uh oh.
Population Management: SNDP
Population Management : How?
Immigration vs Natural Increases
Beijing = Economic powerhouse
Urbanize Western China Xi’an, Chengdu, Kunming, and Chongqing Subsidize living in West (housing prices) Low income tax for corporations, smart growth options
Water Pollution Control
3 pronged approach: Domestic wastewater management
Development of future water treatment plants.
Industrial pollution management Current Strategy: pay when pollutant load is greater than
standard. Proposed Strategy: pay for all pollutant generation by ton. A direct charge of 1 U.S. $ / ton may decrease pollution by
80%. Remediation of current reservoirs
Bioremediation/phytoremediation. Current surface water capacity can be doubled.
Desalination in Caofeidian
Why Desalination? Caofeidian – Coastal city located 230 km from Beijing
The Desalinization Project Price of First Stage : $67 million
Completed Oct 2011 Funded and controlled by Beijing Enterprise Water (BEW)
Current Capacity: 500,000 m3/day Short-Term Goal: 1 million m3/day (approx. $1.4 billion, 3-
5 years) Long-Term Goal: Replace coal with renewable energy
Beijing Pipeline: $700 million (1-2 years) Depends on Results of SNDP
Water Pricing
Potential Increasing Block Tarriff (IBT) High-income groups generally use more water. The proposed will incentivize conservation for those who use the
most water. Generate revenue for infrastructure development for quality and
quantity of water such as offsetting cost of S to N project, desalination, water treatment, and pollution management.
Unintended Consequences
Government participation
Completion dates for SNDP
Discontinuity of economic growth
Elasticity of water price from new technologies
Average lifetime of a dam ~ 50 Years
Questions?